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SW

Scott Wiener (born May 11, 1970) is an American attorney and Democratic politician serving in the California State Senate, representing the 11th district encompassing and parts of San Mateo County since 2016. A graduate of and , Wiener practiced civil litigation in for over a before entering on the from 2013 to 2016, where he authored ordinances mandating paid for city employees and promoting initiatives. His legislative record emphasizes accelerating housing production through bills like SB 35 and SB 423, which streamline permitting for new developments to address California's shortage, though these measures have faced pushback from local governments concerned over reduced oversight. Wiener has sponsored numerous bills advancing civil rights for sexual minorities and gender-dysphoric individuals, including SB 107, which designates as a sanctuary state shielding families from out-of-state subpoenas related to youth medical transitions, and AB 1955, which bars school districts from mandating parental notification when students request to use names or pronouns differing from their . These efforts, while lauded by groups for expanding autonomy, have provoked for potentially circumventing parental involvement in decisions with lifelong consequences, such as therapies or surgeries, amid limited longitudinal data on outcomes like desistance rates in adolescent . Other notable achievements include SB 253, mandating large corporations to disclose climate-related financial risks, and attempts to regulate via SB 1047, which sought developer liability for catastrophic harms but was vetoed by Governor Newsom over concerns about stifling innovation. In October 2025, Wiener announced his candidacy for the U.S. in , succeeding retiring former Speaker , positioning himself as a proponent of denser urban development, technological safeguards, and social liberties amid broader debates on state intervention in family and health matters. His approach often prioritizes progressive reforms, yet has drawn scrutiny for measures like decriminalizing certain nondisclosure scenarios under SB 239, which critics argue could downplay public health risks despite intent to reduce stigma. Mainstream coverage frequently frames Wiener's record favorably through lenses of and , though empirical analyses of policy impacts—such as housing supply increases versus localized environmental costs or youth policy effects on metrics—reveal mixed causal pathways warranting further scrutiny beyond institutional narratives.

Business and organizations

Companies

Smurfit Westrock plc (NYSE: SW) is a Dublin-headquartered multinational manufacturer of and , formed by the merger of Smurfit Kappa Group and Company, which closed on July 26, 2024, creating a firm with operations in over 40 countries, more than 500 converting facilities, and annual revenues exceeding $20 billion. Sierra Wireless Inc. was a Canadian developer of cellular wireless modules, routers, and IoT connectivity services, headquartered in , and listed on the under the ticker SW from 1997 until its $1.2 billion acquisition by Corporation, completed on January 12, 2023. Southwestern Family of Companies, formerly known as the Southwestern Company, is a Nashville, Tennessee-based employee-owned direct and consulting firm originating from the Southwestern Publishing House established in 1855, which employs over 2,000 people and provides sales training programs primarily to college students selling educational products . is a , England-based for-profit organization founded in 1969 by Margaret Miles-Bramwell, serving over 1.5 million members through weekly in-person and online groups that promote a food-optimizing eating plan, with reported average weekly weight loss of 1-2 pounds per participant based on internal data.

Other organizations

Geography

Directions and regions

The abbreviation SW denotes southwest, one of the four principal intercardinal directions on a , positioned midway between and . This direction corresponds to an of 225 degrees clockwise from in standard navigational conventions. In geographical and navigational contexts, southwest serves as a reference for orientation, wind patterns, and maritime routing, where it bisects the 90-degree arc between (180°) and (270°). It contrasts with finer subdivisions like south-southwest (SSW) at approximately 202.5°, which lies between and southwest. Regions designated as "southwest" or "SW" typically refer to territories extending in this direction from a central or northern reference point, encompassing diverse climates, terrains, and cultural zones depending on the continental or national scale. Such designations facilitate spatial organization in , , and , though boundaries vary by context and are not universally standardized.

Specific locations

The SW postcode area denotes a group of postal districts in south-western London, England, established as part of the London postal district system introduced by Sir Rowland Hill in 1857 to streamline mail delivery in the expanding metropolis. Spanning approximately 70 square kilometers, it includes 29 districts (SW1 to SW20) across 21 post towns, primarily "London SW," and covers portions of nine boroughs such as the , Kensington and Chelsea, Hammersmith and Fulham, , , , Merton, , and Richmond upon Thames. This area extends north of the River Thames in districts like SW1 (covering and parts of ) and south in SW4 () and SW19 (), serving a population of over 1.5 million residents and encompassing diverse locales from upscale residential zones to commercial hubs. In , the Southwest (SW) quadrant represents one of the city's four geographic quadrants, defined by the intersection of North Capitol Street and the boundaries, and is the smallest by land area at roughly 16% of the total district, or about 3 square miles, much of it reclaimed from the marshes in the . Bounded by the to the southwest, the Washington Channel to the southeast, and to the east, it includes key neighborhoods such as Southwest Waterfront, Fort McNair, and , with historical development tied to federal projects in the 1950s-1960s that displaced much of the original African American and working-class communities. Recent revitalization efforts, including the 2017 opening of The Wharf spanning 3.2 million square feet of retail, residential, and entertainment space, have transformed parts of the quadrant into a and residential hub while preserving federal installations like the .

Occupations

Professional roles

Social worker is a professional occupation involving the assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of social problems, often requiring a bachelor's or in and licensure in many jurisdictions. Social workers assist individuals, families, groups, and communities in addressing issues such as , , , , and , operating in diverse settings including hospitals, schools, child welfare agencies, and private practice. In the United States, the profession is regulated by bodies like the , with over 700,000 practitioners as of 2023, emphasizing evidence-based interventions like case and . In the United States Navy, SW designates the Steelworker rating, an enlisted specialty focused on , rigging, and fabricating metal components for ship repair, , and maintenance. Steelworkers perform tasks such as blueprint reading, oxyacetylene and , and structural assembly, often in support of fleet sustainment and expeditionary operations, with career progression from apprentice to master levels requiring specific certifications and sea duty. The rating, established in , integrates with broader construction battalions and emphasizes protocols amid hazardous environments.

Science and technology

Computing and telecommunications

In , SW serves as a standard abbreviation for software, encompassing the instructions, data, and programs that direct the operation of to perform tasks. This terminology is prevalent in technical documentation, engineering specifications, and industry standards to distinguish software from (often abbreviated HW). For instance, references to SW/HW configurations are common in system architecture discussions, where software includes operating systems, applications, and . Within computing hardware and networking subfields, SW also denotes a switch, a critical device that interconnects multiple network segments by inspecting data packets and forwarding them to intended recipients based on MAC addresses. Ethernet switches, for example, operate at the (Layer 2 of the ) and support features like VLANs for traffic segmentation, enabling efficient () functionality in data centers and enterprise environments. In , SW refers to shortwave, a portion of the (typically 3–30 MHz) utilized for long-distance communication through ionospheric reflection, allowing signals to propagate beyond line-of-sight via skywave propagation. Shortwave has facilitated global broadcasting, (ham radio), and utility services like maritime and aviation communications since its practical implementation in the 1920s, with peak usage during for propaganda and military coordination. International broadcasters such as the and continue to employ shortwave for regions with limited , though digital alternatives have reduced its dominance since the 1990s.

Other scientific and technical uses

In and , SW refers to shortwave radiation, the portion of the solar spectrum including , visible, and near-infrared wavelengths (approximately 0.1 to 4 micrometers) that constitutes the primary incoming energy driving Earth's and radiation budget. This terminology is standard in analyses by , where shortwave radiation accounts for about 1370 W/m² at the top of the atmosphere under the conditions. NOAA employs SW in products measuring reflected shortwave radiation exiting the Earth-atmosphere system to assess planetary and energy balance. In and , SW denotes , comprising rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and streams that form part of the hydrologic cycle and are monitored for flow, quality, and interactions with . The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) uses this abbreviation in its national surface-water database, which includes from over 10,000 gauging stations as of 2023, facilitating studies on water resource management and flood prediction. In mechanical and piping engineering, SW stands for socket weld, a joining method where a pipe end is inserted into a machined socket of a fitting (such as elbows, tees, or flanges) and fillet-welded externally, providing strength comparable to butt welds for high-pressure, small-diameter (typically under 2-inch) piping systems. Per ASME B16.11 standards, socket weld fittings are rated for pressures up to Class 3000 and higher, with applications in chemical processing and power generation where leak-tight seals are critical, though they require careful alignment to avoid risks. In , SW indicates snow showers, defined as brief, convective bursts of snowfall with low accumulation rates (often less than 1 inch per hour) associated with unstable cold air masses, distinct from steady snowfalls. The incorporates SW in weather reports and forecasts to denote these intermittent events, which can produce variable visibility and blowing , as observed in lake-effect scenarios over the . In plasma physics and wave propagation studies, SW refers to surface waves, evanescent electromagnetic or acoustic disturbances confined to and propagating along the interface between two media, such as plasma-vacuum boundaries, with applications in discharge modeling and waveguide design. These waves, also known as Trivelpiece-Gould modes in cylindrical geometries, exhibit dispersion relations dependent on plasma density gradients, as derived in theoretical frameworks since the 1960s.

Language and codes

Country and language codes

In , the digraph "sw" serves as the alpha-2 code for , a macrolanguage encompassing varieties such as Coastal Swahili (swh) and Swahili (swc). This code is part of the for Standardization's framework for identifying languages, where "sw" denotes the language's primary bibliographic and terminological representation, distinct from its macrolanguage code "swa". , known natively as Kiswahili, functions as an in , , and , and as a in the , facilitating communication across diverse ethnic groups in East and . Regarding country codes, "SW" is not an officially assigned element in the standard, which reserves two-letter combinations for sovereign states and territories but leaves "SW" unallocated. However, it appears in select non-ISO systems, such as certain reporting codes and older international trade or vehicle registration lists, where it has denoted (whose standard code is "SE"). For instance, some commercial databases and customs documentation from the early 2000s onward interchangeably list "SW" alongside "SE" for , reflecting historical abbreviations derived from "Sverige" rather than strict standardization. This usage contrasts with 's numeric code of 752 and alpha-3 code "", emphasizing "SW"'s limited, context-specific application outside formal protocols. Additionally, "SW" designates the South-West Region of under the subdivision code "CM-SW", a former province elevated to regional status in 2018 amid administrative reforms, but this pertains to subnational rather than national coding. No sovereign country currently holds "SW" as a primary international code, underscoring its marginal role compared to language applications.

Other linguistic uses

In , the "sw-" serves as a in English, a submorphemic sound pattern associated with meanings related to , swinging, or sweeping motion. Examples include sway, swing, sweep, swerve, swirl, swipe, and swoop, where the initial sounds evoke pendulum-like or oscillatory movements rather than arbitrary form-meaning pairings. This phenomenon, termed phonaesthesia or , was systematically analyzed by Hans Marchand, who identified /sw/ as characteristic of lexical sets denoting such dynamic actions in present-day English word-formation. Empirical research supports the psychological reality of "sw-" phonesthemes, with studies demonstrating higher-than-chance associations between the and motion-related semantics in native speaker judgments and lexical clustering. For instance, experimental work on iconicity levels found "sw-" among eliciting consistent perceptual links to , though varying by and listener familiarity. Such patterns challenge strict in the Saussurean sign, suggesting partial iconicity in lexical evolution, as evidenced in corpus-based validations of phonestheme . Beyond English, "sw-" clusters appear in phonological analyses of other languages, such as the syllabification of word-initial /sw/ in , where acoustic and durational cues indicate whether /w/ functions as a glide or semi-vowel, influencing boundaries and prosody. In , Proto-Indo-European *sw- sequences, as in *swenh₂ ("to sound"), exhibit sound changes like labial in descendant branches, such as Proto-Slavic zv-, reflecting cluster-specific evolution without semantic drift. Abbreviations like "SW" denote language families in areal linguistics, such as Southern Wakashan (comprising , Ditidaht, and , spoken in the ), highlighting typological features like polysynthesis and bound verb morphology. These uses underscore "SW" as a concise descriptor in comparative , distinct from ISO codes.

Other uses

Transportation

In transportation, particularly automotive contexts, SW abbreviates "station wagon," a vehicle body style featuring a two-box design where the roofline extends continuously over the passenger and cargo areas, typically accessed via a rear liftgate or , offering greater hauling capacity than sedans while maintaining enclosed protection..html) This configuration allows rear seats to fold flat or be removed, maximizing versatility for passengers and freight. The body style traces its origins to early 20th-century , evolving from custom "depot hack" vehicles—modified touring cars used to ferry people and luggage to and from railroad stations—exemplified by third-party conversions of the . began in the 1920s with wood-bodied models from manufacturers like and Chevrolet, transitioning to all-steel construction by the for durability and cost efficiency. Post-World War II suburban expansion and the propelled their popularity, with full-size wagons comprising up to 25% of U.S. sales by the late , prized for family hauling without the ruggedness of trucks. By the 1970s, station wagon market share eroded amid the , which spiked fuel costs and shifted preferences toward compact cars, followed by the 1980s introduction of minivans providing easier access and more seats. Further displacement came from SUVs in the 1990s, which offered elevated seating, all-wheel drive, and marketing emphasizing adventure over the wagon's pragmatic image, reducing U.S. wagon sales to under 1% of the light-vehicle market by the . Despite this, variants persist in as "estate cars" and in niche U.S. models like performance-oriented or lifted "crossover wagons."

Slang and informal meanings

In online communities related to adult services and sex work, "SW" is widely used as an abbreviation for "sex worker," denoting individuals who exchange sexual activities for payment, including escorts, strippers, and performers in or shows. This usage has gained prominence on platforms like and since the early , often as a to evade algorithms. In texting and casual digital communication, "SW" can signify "so what," a dismissive expression of indifference or unconcern toward a statement or event. This interpretation dates to at least the 2000s in internet forums and SMS exchanges, where brevity favors acronyms over full phrases. Less frequently, "SW" serves as shorthand for "sweetheart" in informal, affectionate interactions, typically between romantic partners or close acquaintances, though this is context-dependent and regionally variable in English-speaking areas. User-generated slang resources like Urban Dictionary, while popular for capturing evolving vernacular, rely on crowdsourced entries that may reflect anecdotal rather than empirically verified usage patterns.

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    Feb 3, 2022 · G12Hate6999. • 1y ago. SW= single weight or depending on the context can be sexual workers. Luk7963. • 8mo ago.SW/SWer on profile? : r/Tinder - RedditWhat does SW mean? : r/Overwatch - RedditMore results from www.reddit.comMissing: informal | Show results with:informal
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    SW Meaning & Definition - NoSlang.com
    The abbreviation SW is commonly used in texting and online communication to mean "so what". It is often used to express a lack of interest or indifference.
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    SW Meaning - Slang.org
    A shorthand slang acronym meaning 'Damn Girl, Yes', expressing enthusiastic approval or admiration of someone's style, attitude, or achievements. Share · Tweet ...
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    What is the meaning of "sw "? - Question about English (US) - HiNative
    Sep 12, 2023 · "Sw" is an abbreviation for "sweetheart ... informal and is mainly used between people who have an intimate or affectionate relationship.Missing: slang | Show results with:slang