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Sange

Sange is a rural commune (groupement) in Uvira Territory, South Kivu Province, in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.^[1] Located in the fertile Ruzizi Plain near Lake Tanganyika and the Burundi border, at an elevation of about 1,021 metres (3,350 ft), it was historically an uninhabited savannah settled by Barundi Hutu and Fuliiru migrants in the early 20th century.^[2] As of 2004, the commune had an estimated population of 32,151, with ethnic groups including Shi, Fuliru, and Bembe.^[3] The local economy relies on agriculture—such as cassava, bananas, peanuts, and maize cultivation—along with livestock rearing and small-scale blacksmithing. Sange is part of Uvira Territory, established in 1928 during Belgian colonial rule, and has been affected by regional conflicts, including the Congo Wars. It gained international notoriety in July 2010 when a fuel tanker explosion in the village killed at least 230 people and injured nearly 200 others.^[4]

Geography

Location and Borders

Sange is a commune within Uvira Territory in South Kivu Province, situated in the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.^[3] It forms part of the Ruzizi health zone, which encompasses adjacent administrative areas including Luberizi, Kabunambo, and Kigoma. The commune's boundaries are defined by Luberizi groupement to the north, Kabunambo groupement to the south and east, and Kigoma to the west, reflecting its position in the central portion of Uvira Territory.^[5] Geographically, Sange lies at approximately 3°5′S 29°7′E and an altitude of about 1,014 meters above sea level.^[6]^[7] Positioned roughly 24 kilometers west of the international border with Burundi, it occupies a strategic location in the Ruzizi Plain, close to the dynamic Ruzizi River system that influences regional hydrology and connectivity. This placement situates Sange in proximity to the northwestern basin of Lake Tanganyika, approximately 32 kilometers north of Uvira at the lake's northern extremity.^[8] The Ruzizi River plays a key role in the local geography by draining into the lake and supporting the plain's fertile lowlands.^[5]

Climate and Soil

Sange lies within the tropical climate zone influenced by the Lake Tanganyika rift, featuring average annual temperatures between 22.5°C and 25°C.^[9] Maximum temperatures typically peak at around 30°C during September, the warmest month, while minimum temperatures range from around 17°C in July, reflecting the cooler dry season.^[10] These patterns are moderated by the region's altitude and proximity to the rift valley, contributing to diurnal variations. Recent studies note increasing erosion risks due to climate change, affecting soil stability in the plain as of 2024.^[11] Annual rainfall in Sange follows bimodal patterns common to the Lake Tanganyika rift zone, with a primary wet season from October to May delivering 900–1,500 mm of precipitation, and a drier period from June to September. Relative humidity levels average 70–85% year-round, peaking above 90% during the rainy months due to the rift's enclosed topography and lake effects, which enhance moisture retention.^[9] The soils of Sange consist primarily of fertile sandy-loam and clay varieties, such as Nitisols, which support robust agricultural productivity through good drainage and nutrient retention.^[12] Positioned in the rift valley basin, these soils are shaped by volcanic deposits and tectonic uplift, promoting fertility via ash enrichment while also exposing them to erosion risks from steep slopes and heavy rains.^[12] This environmental framework underpins the area's farming potential.

History

Pre-Colonial Settlement

The pre-colonial settlement of the Sange area, part of the broader Uvira territory along the Ruzizi Plain in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, was dominated by the Fuliiru (also spelled Fuliru or Bafuliiru) people, recognized as the primary indigenous inhabitants of the region. The Fuliiru occupied the mountain slopes surrounding the plain, exercising influence over the lowland areas through tribute collection from subordinate groups. Their social structures were characterized by fluid ethnic identities, with subgroups such as the Bazige being absorbed into the larger Bafuliiru entity, reflecting adaptive kinship and clan-based organization rather than rigid boundaries.^[13] Land use patterns among the early Fuliiru inhabitants emphasized agriculture on terraced highlands, supplemented by ironworking and pastoral activities, which supported small-scale trade networks in the Uvira zone before the 19th century. Oral histories, as documented in scholarly analyses, indicate that these communities maintained decentralized authority under chiefs who mediated resource access and resolved disputes through customary councils, fostering resilience in the hilly terrain. Evidence from these traditions points to continuous occupation dating back to at least the 17th century, with migrations from areas like Lwindi contributing to population consolidation in the Uvira highlands.^[14]^[15] Barundi migrants from neighboring Burundi began arriving in significant numbers in the mid-19th century, marking a key phase of settlement expansion into the Ruzizi Plain, including areas near Sange. Led by figures like the sub-chief Kinyoni, these groups received permission from Fuliiru chiefs to settle on the right bank of the Ruzizi River, integrating through intermarriage and shared economic pursuits such as farming the fertile plain soils. This migration built on earlier, smaller waves, altering demographic dynamics while reinforcing symbiotic relations with the Fuliiru, who continued to assert overarching authority over the territory.^[13]

Colonial Era and Independence

During the Belgian colonial period, Sange, as part of Uvira Territory in the Belgian Congo, underwent formal administrative reorganization in 1928, when the territory was divided into three chiefdoms along ethnic lines: Bafuliru, Bavira, and Ruzizi (for the Barundi population).^[16] This division, decreed by Belgian authorities, aimed to streamline governance but exacerbated ethnic tensions by granting land rights to Barundi settlers, traditionally reserved for indigenous groups like the Bafuliru, leading to localized opposition such as the 1929 Bafuliru rebellion.^[16] Sange fell within the Bafuliru chiefdom, where Belgian administrators enforced direct rule through appointed chiefs, integrating local structures into the colonial hierarchy to facilitate resource extraction and control.^[16] Infrastructure developments under Belgian rule focused on economic exploitation and administrative penetration, including the expansion of Uvira's port on Lake Tanganyika as a key logistics hub for transporting goods from the interior to coastal outlets.^[17] Roads were constructed in the Ruzizi Plain, where Sange is located, to connect plantations and support cash crop cultivation such as cotton, rice, and sugarcane, with the Kiliba sugar refinery established in 1956 employing thousands in the region.^[16]^[18] Catholic missions, including those run by the Xaverian Fathers, played a significant role in Uvira Territory, providing education and healthcare while aligning with colonial objectives to promote social order and labor recruitment.^[19] These efforts built on earlier pre-colonial ethnic dynamics but formalized them under a centralized system that prioritized Belgian economic interests.^[20] The Democratic Republic of the Congo's independence on June 30, 1960, profoundly disrupted local governance in Sange and Uvira Territory, as the rapid withdrawal of Belgian administrators left a power vacuum amid the broader Congo Crisis.^[21] In South Kivu, initial instability arose from mutinies in the Force Publique (now Armée Nationale Congolaise) and ethnic rivalries inflamed by colonial legacies, leading to sporadic violence and administrative paralysis in Uvira as local chiefs and emerging Congolese officials struggled to assert control.^[13] This transition period saw Uvira Territory become a hotspot for early post-independence unrest, with rebel activities and governance breakdowns complicating the shift from colonial rule to national sovereignty.^[13]

Post-Independence Conflicts

Following independence in 1960, the Sange area in Uvira Territory, South Kivu, experienced early ethnic tensions that escalated into armed conflict between the local Bafuliiru community and Barundi immigrants from neighboring Burundi. In 1961, Bafuliiru groups launched attacks on Barundi settlers in the Ruzizi Plain—where Sange is located—amid disputes over land and political authority, an episode known as the "war of goats" due to raids on livestock. Bafuliiru politician Moïse Marandura incited the violence by denouncing Barundi customary rule as illegitimate, leading to widespread displacement of Barundi families and deepening inter-ethnic divisions in the region.^[22] The instability persisted into the mid-1960s with the Simba Rebellion, a broader Mulelist-inspired uprising against the central government that reached Uvira Territory in 1964. Local Bafuliiru commander Louis Bidalira led Conseil National de Libération (CNL) rebels in occupying Uvira in May 1964, bolstered by ritualistic beliefs in invincibility among the fighters. The rebellion disrupted local administration and economy in the Ruzizi Plain, including Sange, before government forces, aided by local auxiliaries, suppressed it by 1967 through counteroffensives that restored order but left lingering militarization.^[22] The 1990s brought regional wars that profoundly impacted Sange and Uvira Territory due to massive refugee inflows from Burundi and Rwanda. During the First Congo War (1996–1997), the Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (AFDL) launched assaults on Ruzizi Plain refugee camps in October 1996, targeting Hutu militants and civilians, which marked the conflict's ignition in South Kivu and caused thousands of displacements toward Sange and other border areas. Local Mai-Mai militias initially resisted the AFDL but later allied with it, while the Second Congo War (1998–2003) saw Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie (RCD) forces and other militias control parts of Uvira, exacerbating resource competition and ethnic violence. These wars flooded the region with over a million refugees, straining resources in Sange and fueling militia roles in territorial control.^[22] Ongoing insurgencies have continued to destabilize South Kivu, including the Sange area, through groups like the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) and various Mai-Mai factions up to 2025. The ADF, affiliated with the Islamic State, has conducted cross-border attacks spilling into southern South Kivu since the 2010s, contributing to civilian casualties and displacement.^[22]^[23] Local Mai-Mai groups, such as Fujo and Karakara, have clashed with the Congolese army (FARDC) and each other over land and authority in Uvira Territory, exemplified by the 2014 Mutarule massacre where over 34 Bafuliiru civilians were killed, prompting thousands to flee to Sange. By 2025, intensified fighting involving the ongoing M23 Uvira offensive has further displaced populations in the Ruzizi Plain, including areas near Sange, perpetuating cycles of violence and humanitarian crises.^[22]^[23]^[24]

Administrative Evolution

Sange's administrative framework originated within the Uvira Territory, which was formally established on October 4, 1928, by royal decree during the Belgian colonial administration, encompassing the Ruzizi Plain and surrounding areas as a sub-provincial division in the eastern Congo.^[25] As a growing settlement along the Rusizi River, Sange functioned as an integral part of this territory, supporting agricultural and trade activities under the oversight of territorial administrators and traditional chiefdoms such as Bafuliru and Bavira. Post-independence in 1960, Sange continued under Uvira Territory's jurisdiction within the newly formed South Kivu Province, with local governance handled through sector chiefs and groupements amid evolving national structures. A pivotal shift occurred on June 13, 2013, when Décret n° 13/029 elevated Uvira to city status and simultaneously granted communal status to Sange, Kiliba, and Luvungi, formalizing them as distinct administrative entities within Uvira Territory.^[26] This decree delineated Sange's boundaries and empowered it with local autonomy for services like sanitation and basic infrastructure, aligning with the Democratic Republic of the Congo's (DRC) ongoing decentralization efforts outlined in the 2006 Constitution. As one of three recognized communes in the territory, Sange's elevation reflected its population growth and economic significance, transitioning from a mere locality to a self-governing unit responsible for local taxation and community development. Sange has been subdivided into local administrative units (quartiers) to enhance local administration and service delivery.^[27] These divisions facilitate electoral processes and resource allocation, with the Independent National Electoral Commission (CENI) overseeing voter registration and local polls; for instance, Sange integrated into national elections through CENI-managed registries, supporting participatory governance in line with provincial frameworks. Electoral activities, such as the 2018 general elections, underscored the commune's role in democratic processes, though challenges like insecurity occasionally affected registration drives. Post-2015, following the DRC's decentralization reforms that reconfigured the country from 11 to 26 provinces under Organic Law No. 15/013 of July 25, 2015, Sange's administration became more embedded in South Kivu's provincial structure, emphasizing local autonomy while coordinating with territorial and provincial authorities on security and development.^[28] This integration promoted fiscal transfers and service devolution to communes like Sange, though implementation has been gradual due to ongoing conflicts that briefly disrupted administrative continuity without altering its core divisions.

Demographics

Population Statistics

The population of Sange commune, located in Uvira Territory of South Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo, was estimated at 68,369 residents in 2022, comprising 67,533 Congolese nationals and 836 foreign nationals.^[29] This figure reflects data from the local administrative report, highlighting a demographic breakdown of approximately 8,651 men, 10,256 women, 23,913 boys, and 24,713 girls among Congolese residents. The average household size in South Kivu, including areas like Sange, stands at about 6.9 persons, indicative of extended family structures common in the region.^[30] Population growth in Sange aligns with broader trends in Uvira Territory and South Kivu Province, where annual rates have averaged around 3.2% in recent years, driven by high birth rates and migration patterns influenced by regional ethnic dynamics. Applying this rate to the 2022 estimate yields a projected population of approximately 75,000 by late 2025; however, ongoing conflicts, including the 2025 Uvira offensive, have led to significant internal displacements, with Uvira hosting around 25,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs) as of February 2025, potentially affecting local population figures.^[31] Earlier indicators, such as registered voters numbering around 32,000 in 2018, suggest a slower growth phase prior to 2022, potentially affected by conflict-related displacements. Within the commune, the population density is estimated at roughly 200 persons per square kilometer, contributing to pressures on local resources amid a predominantly rural setting with emerging urban pockets along the Ruzizi Plain. The urban-rural split remains heavily rural, with over 80% of residents engaged in agrarian activities outside the small administrative center.

Ethnic Composition

The ethnic composition of Sange reflects the broader diversity of Uvira Territory in South Kivu Province, where the Fuliiru (also known as Bafuliiru) form the predominant group, closely related to the Shi through linguistic and cultural affinities, with approximately 80% lexical similarity between Kifuliiru and Shi languages.^[32] The Fuliiru primarily inhabit the Bafuliiru Chiefdom, which encompasses Sange and surrounding areas, maintaining a social structure centered on clan-based governance under customary chiefs (mwami) who oversee land allocation, dispute resolution, and rituals such as dawa ya asili for communal protection.^[13] Barundi, originating from neighboring Burundi, constitute another significant ethnic presence, particularly in the Ruzizi Plain Chiefdom adjacent to Sange, where they have historically intermingled with Fuliiru communities through settlement and intermarriage, though some groups maintain distinct social boundaries.^[13] Minority Bantu groups, including the Vira, Bembe, and Nyindu, add to Sange's cultural mosaic, often integrated through shared agricultural practices like seed sharing among family and neighbors, which reinforces social ties despite ethnic differences.^[33] Historical migrations, including influxes of Rwandan and Burundian refugees since the 1990s, have introduced Kinyarwanda and Kirundi speakers, contributing to a multilingual environment where Swahili serves as the lingua franca for trade and intergroup communication, alongside the tonal, agglutinative Kifuliiru language spoken by over 275,000 Fuliiru in the region.^[13]^[34] These refugee settlements, initially accommodated by local chiefs, have fostered hybrid cultural practices, such as blended oral traditions and communal farming, while occasionally straining resources.^[33] Social interrelations in Sange are shaped by these migrations, which have led to tensions over land access and identity, particularly between autochthonous Fuliiru and migrant Barundi or Rwandophone groups, though customary councils like the lubunga promote dialogue to mitigate disputes.^[13] Interethnic marriages are common among most groups, enhancing cohesion, but selective separations persist, as seen with Banyamulenge communities who often live apart and avoid intermarriage with Fuliiru.^[33] Overall, Sange's diversity underscores a resilient social fabric, rooted in pre-colonial settlement patterns where Fuliiru clans established chiefdoms that later absorbed incoming groups.^[13]

Economy and Infrastructure

Primary Economic Activities

The economy of Sange, a commune in Uvira Territory, South Kivu Province, is predominantly agrarian, with agriculture forming the backbone of livelihoods for the majority of residents. Staple crops such as cassava, bananas, maize, and sweet potatoes are cultivated on smallholder plots, often under rain-fed or irrigated systems along the fertile Ruzizi Plain, supporting both subsistence needs and local markets.^[35]^[36] These crops benefit from the region's alluvial soils and moderate climate, enabling year-round production despite challenges like land fragmentation.^[35] Livestock rearing plays a complementary role, with small-scale farming of cattle and goats providing meat, milk, and manure for soil fertility. Cattle are typically managed under extensive systems in higher altitudes, while goats adapt well to mixed cropping environments, contributing to household income through sales and cultural value.^[37]^[38] Fishing supplements agricultural income, drawing on the resources of nearby Lake Tanganyika and the Ruzizi River. Artisanal fishers target species like tilapia and catfish using traditional methods and emerging pond aquaculture, with the lake's pelagic fisheries supporting local consumption and trade despite overexploitation pressures.^[39]^[40]^[41] Small-scale cross-border trade with Burundi enhances economic activity, facilitated by the Uvira border corridor for exchanging agricultural produce, fish, and consumer goods. Residents access broader markets through Uvira, the territorial hub, where goods are sold or bartered. However, the 2025 Uvira offensive has disrupted these routes, weakening supply chains to Bukavu and increasing food prices as of November 2025.^[42]^[43]^[44] Traditional artisanal activities, including metalworking (such as blacksmithing) and weaving, provide supplementary income for a portion of the population, often integrated with agricultural cycles. These crafts, practiced by local ethnic groups like the Fuliru, produce tools, baskets, and household items for domestic use and sale.^[36]^[32]

Education and Health Facilities

As of 2004, education infrastructure in Sange consisted of seven primary schools and five (or four per some sources) secondary schools, serving the local population's needs amid growing demand driven by demographic pressures in South Kivu.^[45] Enrollment rates for primary education were reported between 85% and 95% at that time, though secondary school attendance lagged due to economic barriers and infrastructure limitations. Key challenges included teacher shortages, with many educators unqualified or undertrained, overcrowded classrooms, and dilapidated facilities lacking basic materials like benches and textbooks, contributing to high dropout rates and declining student performance. Ongoing conflict in eastern DRC has likely reduced enrollment and damaged facilities further, with national secondary enrollment at approximately 53% as of 2023 and additional declines reported in 2025 due to violence and displacement.^[46]^[47] As of 2004, the health sector in Sange relied on three health centers—Nazareno, Sange Etat, and Sange 8e CEPAC—and one health post in Nyakabere, as there is no local hospital.^[45] Residents facing severe cases often travel to Uvira Hospital, approximately 20 kilometers away, for advanced care, though insecurity and poor roads exacerbate access issues. Common health concerns include malaria, which accounts for a significant portion of consultations in eastern DRC, and malnutrition, with acute rates exceeding emergency thresholds in displaced populations.^[48] Facilities grapple with medicine shortages, inadequate equipment, absent laboratories, and a lack of qualified doctors, leading to low service utilization and high out-of-pocket costs for low-income households.^[45] Infrastructure gaps in water supply and sanitation persist, with poor water quality fueling waterborne diseases and contributing to malnutrition cycles.^[45] By 2025, humanitarian interventions have yielded modest improvements, including expanded piped water systems in nearby Uvira that indirectly benefit Sange through regional networks, alongside UNICEF-supported sanitation initiatives reaching over 700,000 people in eastern DRC with clean water access.^[49]^[50] However, ongoing conflict has strained these gains, with over 80% of health facilities in the Kivus reporting medicine shortages as of late 2025.

Notable Events

2010 Fuel Tank Explosion

On July 2, 2010, a fuel tanker truck traveling from Tanzania toward Bukavu overturned on a rural road near the village of Sange in South Kivu province, Democratic Republic of the Congo, approximately 70 kilometers south of Bukavu and close to the Burundi border.^[51] The vehicle, carrying gasoline, leaked fuel onto the ground, drawing a crowd of local residents who rushed to collect the spilled liquid using containers and siphons in a common but hazardous practice amid widespread poverty.^[52] A spark—possibly from a cigarette, vehicle, or static—ignited the gasoline vapors, triggering a massive explosion and fireball that engulfed the area, including nearby homes and the gathering crowd.^[4] The blast occurred late in the evening, exacerbating the chaos as darkness limited escape and visibility.^[53] The incident resulted in catastrophic casualties, with at least 230 people killed and more than 190 injured, according to initial reports from the United Nations and Congolese authorities; later tallies revised the death toll to 235, predominantly local villagers including women and children who were scavenging fuel.^[52] Many victims suffered severe burns covering large portions of their bodies, overwhelming local health facilities ill-equipped for such trauma; survivors were treated in makeshift clinics with limited supplies, leading to high risks of infection and long-term complications.^[54] The explosion destroyed several structures in Sange and scattered debris over a wide radius, complicating rescue efforts amid ongoing regional instability.^[55] In the immediate aftermath, the Congolese government declared two days of national mourning and dispatched emergency teams for body recovery and burial, with victims interred in mass graves due to the scale of the disaster and rapid decomposition in the tropical climate.^[51] President Joseph Kabila visited the site and ordered investigations into the accident's causes, focusing on road conditions and vehicle maintenance.^[56] International organizations responded swiftly: the Red Cross provided aid and accounted for over 200 bodies, while the International Medical Corps deployed burn specialists to perform skin grafts and support overwhelmed hospitals, treating dozens of survivors with critical injuries.^[57] These efforts highlighted the vulnerabilities in remote areas, where access to advanced medical care is severely limited. The tragedy prompted calls for enhanced road safety measures in eastern DRC, where poorly maintained highways and overloaded trucks contribute to frequent accidents; experts warned that without stricter regulations on fuel transport and public education against scavenging spilled hazardous materials, similar incidents remained a high risk.^[58] By late 2010, reports indicated that many survivors received insufficient long-term support, including inadequate compensation or rehabilitation, underscoring gaps in community infrastructure and emergency preparedness.^[59] The event heightened local awareness of fuel handling dangers, though persistent economic hardships continued to drive risky behaviors, with no major infrastructure upgrades documented in the following years.^[60]

Recent Security Incidents

Following the 2010 fuel tank explosion, Sange and surrounding areas in Uvira Territory, South Kivu province, have faced persistent security challenges from armed groups, including Mai-Mai militias and, to a lesser extent, incursions by the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF). These threats have intensified inter-communal tensions and clashes with the Congolese armed forces (FARDC), leading to sporadic violence against civilians.^[61]^[62] A notable incident occurred on July 30, 2020, when a drunken FARDC soldier opened fire on passers-by in Sange, killing 12 civilians in the Rusizi Plain. Local authorities and witnesses reported the attack as unprovoked, prompting a military investigation and manhunt for the perpetrator, who fled the scene. This event highlighted vulnerabilities in military discipline amid ongoing militia pressures in the region.^[63] Mai-Mai groups, often aligned with local self-defense efforts but accused of abuses, have been active in Uvira Territory, clashing frequently with FARDC and contributing to civilian harm. In October 2022, fighting between FARDC and Mai-Mai Kijangala elements in the Rusizi Plain resulted in at least six deaths, including a soldier, and the burning of 12 houses, forcing hundreds to flee toward Uvira town. The ADF, primarily operating in North Kivu, has occasionally extended operations southward, exacerbating instability through kidnappings and attacks that displace communities near Sange. These activities have led to widespread internal displacement, with over 200,000 people displaced by intercommunal clashes in adjacent Fizi and Uvira territories during early 2019, a trend continuing into the 2020s.^[64]^[65]^[66] By 2025, the security landscape in Uvira Territory shifted with the onset of the M23 offensive, which advanced through the territory and led to intensified clashes near Sange between M23 rebels—backed by Rwandan forces—and a coalition of FARDC, Mai-Mai, and other pro-government militias such as the Wazalendo. This escalation displaced thousands in the Rusizi Plain, with reports of looting and civilian casualties amid the fighting.^[67] The United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) maintained a presence in Uvira and Fizi territories, conducting patrols to protect civilians and facilitating the surrender of militiamen, including six in Sange in March 2021 as part of broader disarmament efforts.^[68] Humanitarian responses have focused on aiding displaced populations, with organizations providing shelter, food, and medical support in Sange and Uvira. Community resilience initiatives include local alert networks supported by MONUSCO, which added focal points to monitor threats and promote early warning systems. Despite these measures, ongoing violence has strained aid delivery, with 2025 reports noting increased protection incidents like rapes and forced recruitment affecting vulnerable groups. As of November 2025, M23-aligned forces continued to clash with pro-government militias in the Uvira highlands, exacerbating displacement in the region.^[69]^[70]^[71]^[72]

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[32]
Fuliiru people - AFRICA | 101 Last Tribes
They reside in the South Kivu Province, situated south of Lake Kivu and to the north and northwest of Uvira Territory, along the Ruzizi Plain near the border ...
[33]
None
Summary of each segment:
[34]
Fuliiru Narrative Discourse - SIL Global
Fuliiru is a Bantu language classified with the ISO 639-3 language code [flr] in the SIL Ethnologue, and classified as JD63 in the Guthrie system.Missing: social | Show results with:social
[35]
[PDF] Food security in a context of war, mineral rush and population ...
Jul 30, 2025 · Bukavu's staple foods are cassava, bananas, maize, beans and rice. These are also the most widely grown crops in South Kivu, with 55% of the ...
[36]
Challenges Faced by (Quasi-) Landless Villagers in the ... - Scirp.org.
These activities include a wide range of occupations such as tailoring, weaving, carpet making, blacksmithing, carpentry, and many others. These non-farm ...
[37]
Assessing Post-Conflict Challenges and Opportunities of the Animal ...
The Alpine region of Uvira District in South-Kivu Province faces low agricultural productivity challenges largely due to human population pressure on the ...
[38]
Livestock feeding practices in South Kivu, Eastern Democratic ...
Feb 13, 2025 · Conversely, cattle, although less abundant, exert a heightened demand for fodder, especially in Uvira. Goats exemplify the adaptive ...
[39]
Socioeconomic and Zootechnic Characterization of the Fish Farming ...
This study aims to identify the current state of fish farming in two rural agroecological zones in the South-Kivu province (Democratic Republic of Congo, DRC)
[40]
[PDF] the-ruzizi-river-water-management-for-the-ruzizi-congolese--plain ...
Ruzizi River water management involves partial channeling for irrigation, fish ponds, and pastures, aiming for sustainable agricultural, ichthyologic, and ...Missing: cassava maize
[41]
[PDF] Lake Tanganyika - African Center for Aquatic Research and Education
Aug 10, 2023 · Two major rivers flow into Lake Tanganyika, the Ruzizi River, ... pelagic fisheries and fisheries management in Uvira, Lake Tanganyika, DR Congo.
[42]
[PDF] Facilitating Cross-Border Trade between the DRC and Neighbors in ...
The aim of the report is to provide information on the current state and the potential for cross border trade between the DRC and Burundi, Rwanda and Uganda, to.
[43]
NORTHERN CORRIDOR BUSINESS INFORMATION PORTAL
The Uvira border is an essential trade corridor that facilitates the movement of goods and people between DRC, Burundi, Rwanda, and Tanzania.
[44]
[PDF] Rapport Final des Consultations Participatives de la Base Pour l ...
- Uvira-Centre : 51 écoles primaires et 38 secondaires et 4 instituts supérieurs ... - Education : Sange compte 7 écoles primaires et 5 écoles secondaires.Missing: South | Show results with:South
[45]
[PDF] Public Health Situation Analysis (PHSA)
Feb 3, 2025 · This PHSA addressed the regional impact of the ongoing conflict in North Kivu and South Kivu in DRC. It specifically covers Burundi, Rwanda, ...
[46]
Improved water supply infrastructure to reduce acute diarrhoeal ...
Jul 3, 2024 · We evaluated a large-scale infrastructure programme to improve and expand the piped drinking water supply service in the town of Uvira (South Kivu, Democratic ...Missing: Sange 2025
[47]
Water, sanitation and hygiene - Democratic Republic of Congo
GOMA, DR Congo, 3 March 2025, – UNICEF and its partners in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) are providing life-saving clean water supplies to 700,000 ...Missing: Sange Uvira improvements
[48]
DR Congo fuel truck victims buried in mass graves - BBC News
Jul 3, 2010 · The accident happened late on Friday in Sange, about 70km (40 miles) south of the town of Bukavu in South Kivu, near the border with Burundi.
[49]
Fuel tanker explosion kills over 230 in Congo | Reuters
Jul 3, 2010 · At least 230 people were killed when a fuel tanker overturned and exploded in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, unleashing a fire ball ...
[50]
Congo fuel truck explosion kills at least 230 people - The Guardian
More than 230 people were killed when a fuel tanker overturned and ignited in the centre of a village in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.
[51]
Fuel tanker explosion kills at least 230 - France 24
Jul 3, 2010 · "A tanker truck coming from Tanzania overturned in the village of Sange. There was a crush (of people) and a petrol leak, there was an explosion ...
[52]
Congo: Burn survivors recover from tanker blast - NBC News
Jul 4, 2010 · Dozens of moaning and badly burned survivors from a massive tanker blast that killed at least 230 people recovered in hospitals and clinics ...Missing: response | Show results with:response
[53]
Hundreds die in DR Congo fuel blast | News - Al Jazeera
Jul 3, 2010 · Hundreds die in DR Congo fuel blast. Lorry carrying oil overturns and bursts into flames, engulfing the village of Sange.
[54]
Congo oil tanker explosion causes devastation - Envirotech Online
It also caused the deaths of 232 people and wounded over 100 locals after they tried to contain the leaking fuel. President Joseph Kabila has ordered two days ...Missing: long- impacts<|control11|><|separator|>
[55]
DR Congo: International Medical Corps Team Responds ...
Jul 6, 2010 · An International Medical Corps team was immediately at the scene of a fuel tanker explosion in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo that killed some 230 people.
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Congo risks more killer fuel accidents -expert | ロイター
Jul 5, 2010 · The Democratic Republic of Congo risks another fuel explosion like that which killed some 230 people at the weekend unless it boosts safety ...
[57]
AFRICA/CONGO DR - July tank explosion victims left without support
Oct 28, 2010 · ... Democratic Republic of Congo, where on July 3 more than 300 people died from the explosion of a tanker loaded with fuel (see Fides 03/07/2010).
[58]
DR Congo: Dozens killed in oil tanker collision | News - Al Jazeera
Oct 6, 2018 · In 2010, more than 200 people were killed when a tanker truck overturned and burned in DR Congo's South Kivu province. Many of the victims had ...Missing: long- impacts
[59]
[PDF] The Ruzizi Plain - GIC network
This mountainous area, which is mostly located in the Bafuliiru Chiefdom, is socially closely connected to the Plain. It also hosts most of the armed groups.
[60]
[PDF] S/2022/479 Security Council - Official Document System
Jun 14, 2022 · 175 From December 2021 onwards, most armed clashes took place in Uvira ... further south towards Sange and surroundings, in Uvira territory.
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Drunk Soldier in Eastern Dr Congo Shoots Dead 12 Civilians: Sources
Jul 31, 2020 · The incident happened overnight Thursday at Sange, in the territory of Uvira in South Kivu province, they said. “The person responsible is a ...
[62]
Uvira: six people including a soldier killed in fighting between the ...
Oct 28, 2022 · According to witnesses, the Mai-Mai Kijangala burned down at least 12 houses. The civil society in the Rusizi plain confirms the displacement of ...
[63]
[PDF] DRC: Displacement in Sud Kivu - ACAPS
May 29, 2019 · Banyamulenge armed group and a Mai Mai group near the border of Fizi and Uvira territories led to the displacement of 76,000 people (UNSC 01/10/ ...Missing: ADF Sange
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[PDF] S/2024/689 - Security Council - the United Nations
Sep 20, 2024 · As part of its disengagement from South Kivu, MONUSCO transferred seven bases and facilities (Baraka, Bukavu, Bunyakiri, Kamanyola, Kavumu, ...
[65]
2025 Uvira offensive - Wikipedia
The 2025 Uvira offensive is an ongoing military operation conducted by March 23 Movement (M23) rebels in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
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New displacement reported as military operations start in South Kivu
Jan 30, 2009 · About 5,000 people have fled the Makobola area south of the South Kivu regional centre of Uvira after the so-called Mai Mai militia, which ...Missing: ADF Sange
[67]
CLASHES BETWEEN FARDC AND MILITIA, LEAVE MANY DEAD
Apr 6, 2021 · MILITIA MONUSCO peacekeepers facilitated the surrender of 6 militiamen in Sange, Uvira Territory on March 29, 2021. The latter have agreed ...<|separator|>
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MONUSCO demonstrates its capacity to protect civilian populations ...
MONUSCO demonstrates its capacity to protect civilian populations in Uvira and Fizi territories ... In Baraka, the Force intervened to secure the Office of the UN ...
[69]
DR Congo: Monthly Displacement Report, August 2025 - ReliefWeb
Sep 12, 2025 · Displacement trends, August 2025. • Decrease of 58% in the number of displaced households in August 2025 compared to the previous month ...Missing: ADF Sange
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Democratic Republic of the Congo | OCHA
Overview of the humanitarian response in the Democratic Republic of the Congo ; Total population: 117.8M · People in need ; People in need: 21.2M · People to be ...Missing: Sange 2020-2025
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Peace in Democratic Republic of Congo Mostly a Promise, Mission ...
Sep 30, 2025 · Despite a challenging environment, MONUSCO is carrying out its mandate of protecting civilians under imminent threat, she said, calling for the ...Missing: Sange | Show results with:Sange