Starrcade
Starrcade was a premier professional wrestling pay-per-view event originally produced by Jim Crockett Promotions under the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) from 1983 to 1987 and then by World Championship Wrestling (WCW) from 1988 to 2000, serving as the promotion's flagship annual supercard equivalent to WWE's WrestleMania.[1][2] It debuted on November 24, 1983, in Greensboro, North Carolina, as a Thanksgiving Day tradition broadcast via closed-circuit television, featuring high-stakes matches to settle major rivalries.[2][1] The event transitioned to pay-per-view format in 1987, shifting to December to avoid competition with WWE's Survivor Series, and continued annually until WCW's closure following its acquisition by WWE in March 2001.[1] Throughout its original run, Starrcade showcased iconic matches that defined eras in wrestling history, including Ric Flair defeating NWA World Heavyweight Champion Harley Race in a steel cage match to win the title in 1983, a brutal dog collar match between Roddy Piper and Greg Valentine that same year, and Flair's annual defenses against challengers like Dusty Rhodes and Sting in the 1980s.[1] In the 1990s, under WCW, it highlighted the Monday Night Wars period with pivotal bouts such as Hulk Hogan versus Roddy Piper in 1996, the highly anticipated Sting versus Hogan clash in 1997 that drew a 1.9 buy rate and marked WCW's peak profitability but also sowed seeds of internal dysfunction due to booking controversies, and Goldberg's controversial taser-assisted title win over Kevin Nash in 1998.[1][2] Other notable moments included Bret Hart's career-altering concussion in a 1999 match against Goldberg and the event's final iteration in 2000, featuring a no holds barred match between Goldberg and Lex Luger with the main event seeing Scott Steiner defend the WCW World Heavyweight Championship against Sid Vicious.[1][3] WWE revived the Starrcade name in 2017 as a SmackDown-branded live house show at the Greensboro Coliseum, the first such event there in 30 years, featuring matches like Charlotte Flair versus Asuka in a steel cage.[4] It returned in 2018 and 2019 as co-branded WWE Network specials, with the 2019 edition airing live on December 1 and including cage matches to honor its legacy.[5] These revivals paid homage to Starrcade's historical significance in elevating stars like Ric Flair, Sting, and Hulk Hogan while underscoring its role in pioneering modern wrestling pay-per-views.[1][2]History
Origins and NWA Affiliation (1983–1988)
Starrcade was founded in 1983 by Jim Crockett Promotions in affiliation with the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) as an annual supercard event designed to showcase the promotion's top rivalries and talent on Thanksgiving, drawing from the Mid-Atlantic region's tradition of major holiday wrestling cards.[1][6] The inaugural event, held on November 24, 1983, at the Greensboro Coliseum in Greensboro, North Carolina, featured a main event steel cage match for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship between champion Harley Race and challenger Ric Flair, marking a pivotal moment in establishing the event as the NWA's premier showcase.[1] The early Starrcade events were broadcast exclusively via closed-circuit television to arenas across the NWA's territory, allowing for widespread access beyond the live venue and setting a precedent for large-scale wrestling distribution. The 1983 edition drew an estimated 30,000 to 40,000 viewers through closed-circuit locations, in addition to over 15,000 live attendees at Greensboro, contributing to its financial success and solidifying its status as a cornerstone of NWA programming.[7] Subsequent events built on this foundation, with the 1984 installment on November 22 pitting Flair against Dusty Rhodes for the world title in Greensboro, while the 1985 edition, held on November 28 across two venues in Greensboro, North Carolina, and Atlanta, Georgia, featured a rematch between Flair and Rhodes, highlighting the event's growing scale.[1] Key figures like promoter Jim Crockett Jr. and booker Dusty Rhodes played instrumental roles in conceptualizing and promoting Starrcade, with Rhodes leveraging his creative influence to emphasize high-stakes feuds involving NWA stars such as Flair. The 1986 event on November 27 in Greensboro continued the tradition with Flair defending against challengers in intense matches, and by 1987, Starrcade transitioned to pay-per-view broadcasting for the first time on November 26, reflecting revenue growth and broader accessibility, though the date shifted to December starting in 1988 to avoid conflicts with competing events. The 1988 edition culminated a acclaimed trilogy of matches between Flair and Rick Steamboat for the world title, underscoring Starrcade's evolution under NWA affiliation during this period.[6][1]WCW Ownership and Peak (1989–1996)
In late 1988, Turner Broadcasting System acquired the financially struggling Jim Crockett Promotions, rebranding it as World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and integrating it into the Turner media empire.[8] This ownership shift marked a pivotal evolution for Starrcade, transforming it from a regional National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) showcase into WCW's premier pay-per-view event, with expanded production values, larger venues like the Nashville Municipal Auditorium, and growing international distribution through satellite and cable networks.[9] Under WCW, Starrcade adopted a format emphasizing multi-match cards featuring title defenses across divisions, including the WCW World Heavyweight, United States, and World Tag Team Championships, alongside innovative stipulation bouts to heighten drama. The 1989 edition, titled Future Shock and held on November 19 in Nashville, Tennessee, introduced a round-robin Ironman Tournament as its centerpiece, where Sting defeated Ric Flair in the final to capture the NWA World Heavyweight Championship, solidifying Sting's rise as WCW's top babyface.[10] The following year's event on December 16, 1990, built on this momentum with a direct rematch, as Flair retained the newly rebranded WCW World Heavyweight Championship against Sting via disqualification after interference from the Four Horsemen stable. Ric Flair's abrupt departure from WCW in September 1991, stemming from a contract dispute with WCW executive Jim Herd over pay and creative control, significantly disrupted ongoing storylines and forced last-minute adjustments to the promotion's championship narrative leading into Starrcade.[11] The December 29, 1991, event proceeded without Flair, featuring Sting defeating Lex Luger—WCW's interim top champion—in the main event for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship, underscoring the promotion's reliance on homegrown talent amid the turmoil. Eric Bischoff's ascension to executive producer in 1991 brought aggressive booking strategies that elevated Starrcade's profile, including the expansion of ensemble stipulation matches like WarGames—originally debuted in 1987 but refined with higher stakes and celebrity crossovers—and the recruitment of mainstream stars to broaden appeal.[12] This approach culminated in high-profile clashes, such as the 1995 Starrcade on December 27 in Nashville, where Randy Savage defended the WCW World Heavyweight Championship against a scheming Ric Flair (who had returned to WCW), incorporating a unique World Cup of Wrestling tournament pitting WCW against New Japan Pro-Wrestling talent.[13] By 1996, Starrcade had become integral to WCW's escalating rivalry with the World Wrestling Federation during the early Monday Night Wars, with the December 29 event in Nashville headlined by Hollywood Hulk Hogan defending the WCW World Heavyweight Championship against Roddy Piper in a steel cage match, amid rising tensions from the New World Order (nWo) faction's formation earlier that year and the brewing Hogan-Sting feud. These developments drove Starrcade's financial and viewership peaks in the mid-1990s, exemplified by the 1996 installment's estimated 345,000 pay-per-view buys—more than double the 1990 figure of 165,000—reflecting WCW's surging popularity and effective crossover marketing.[14][15]Decline Under WCW (1997–2000)
The prolonged dominance of the New World Order (nWo) storyline in WCW, which began as a groundbreaking invasion angle in 1996, led to creative fatigue by the late 1990s as the faction expanded excessively and overshadowed emerging talent, contributing to declining viewer interest and ratings for WCW programming, including Starrcade events.[2] This overuse diluted the nWo's initial impact, with internal booking politics prioritizing veteran stars like Hulk Hogan, stalling fresh narratives and alienating fans who sought resolution after years of buildup. The culmination of this tension unfolded at Starrcade 1997, held on December 28 at the MCI Center in Washington, D.C., where the highly anticipated main event pitted Sting against Hollywood Hulk Hogan for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship.[2] Despite Sting's victory following a controversial fast-count by referee Nick Patrick—later restarted by special guest referee Bret Hart—the match's booking protected Hogan's image by having him dominate early, leading to widespread fan backlash and a perceived botched payoff that damaged WCW's momentum.[16][17] The fallout exacerbated storyline stagnation, as the nWo refused to disband cleanly, prolonging the angle and eroding trust in WCW's creative direction.[18] Subsequent Starrcade events highlighted WCW's mounting challenges, with key matches reflecting poor booking choices and diminishing star power. At Starrcade 1998 on December 27 in Norfolk, Virginia, Bill Goldberg defended the WCW World Heavyweight Championship against Kevin Nash in the main event, but Nash won via interference from Scott Hall, who tazed Goldberg with a cattle prod to end his undefeated streak of 173-0.[19] This outcome, driven by Nash's booking influence as a top executive, deflated Goldberg's momentum and symbolized WCW's favoritism toward the nWo Wolfpac faction, further alienating audiences. The 1999 edition on December 19, also at the MCI Center, devolved into chaos under new head writer Vince Russo, who had joined WCW in October to revitalize the product but instead introduced erratic angles.[20] The main event saw Goldberg challenging Bret Hart for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship, but Russo interfered by striking Goldberg with a steel pipe, allowing Hart to win; however, Hart suffered a legitimate career-ending kick to the head during the bout.[21] Additional matches, such as Kevin Nash vs. Sid Vicious in a powerbomb-restricted contest, exemplified Russo's penchant for gimmick-heavy stipulations that prioritized shock over coherence.[22] By Starrcade 2000 on December 17 at the MCI Center—the final event under WCW ownership—Scott Steiner defended the WCW World Heavyweight Championship against Sid Vicious in a no-disqualification match, retaining via submission after a contentious buildup involving Steiner's ongoing feud with former champion Booker T, whom he had dethroned weeks earlier at Mayhem.[23] This installment underscored WCW's loss of marquee appeal, as high-profile talents like Chris Jericho, Eddie Guerrero, and Dean Malenko had defected to WWF in 1999-2000 amid frustrations over limited opportunities and creative mismanagement.[24] Financial indicators mirrored WCW's deterioration, with Starrcade pay-per-view buys plummeting from peaks exceeding 500,000 in the mid-1990s—such as approximately 625,000 for the 1997 event—to under 200,000 by 1999 and roughly 50,000 for the 2000 show, reflecting broader audience erosion.[15][25] Venue choices shifted toward cost-cutting, with the 1998 event downsized to the Norfolk Scope arena before returning to the larger but underfilled MCI Center in 1999 and 2000, where attendance dropped to about 6,500 for the finale despite a 20,000-seat capacity.[2] Russo's tenure amplified internal turmoil from 1999 onward, as his "crash TV" style resulted in frequent title changes on free television like Monday Nitro—such as multiple WCW World Heavyweight Championship switches in a single night—devaluing pay-per-view incentives and accelerating the exodus of established stars.[26][27] These factors, compounded by executive overreach and failure to groom new talent, sealed WCW's fate, culminating in its sale to WWF on March 23, 2001, for $2.5 million in assets, which effectively ended the Starrcade tradition under WCW control.[12]Hiatus and WWE Revival (2001–2019)
Following WWE's acquisition of select assets from World Championship Wrestling (WCW), including its video library and trademarks, in March 2001, the Starrcade event entered a prolonged hiatus.[28] With WCW's operations ceasing after its final Starrcade in December 2000, WWE integrated WCW content into its programming but did not produce any Starrcade events for the next 16 years, focusing instead on expanding its own branded premium live events like WrestleMania and SummerSlam.[28] In September 2017, WWE announced the revival of Starrcade as a special live event exclusive to the SmackDown brand, held on November 25 at the Greensboro Coliseum in Greensboro, North Carolina—the site of the inaugural 1983 event.[29] Billed as a nod to WCW's storied history, the non-televised show featured a steel cage match for the WWE Championship between champion Jinder Mahal and challenger Shinsuke Nakamura, alongside appearances by wrestling legends such as Ric Flair and the Rock 'n' Roll Express.[30] The event drew over 8,000 attendees and served to evoke nostalgia for Starrcade's Thanksgiving tradition while countering a competing independent promotion's similar holiday-themed show.[31] Starrcade returned in 2018 as a one-hour special streaming live on the WWE Network on November 24 from the U.S. Bank Arena in Cincinnati, Ohio, this time featuring competitors from both the Raw and SmackDown brands.[32] The card highlighted cage matches emblematic of Starrcade's legacy, with the main event pitting AJ Styles against Samoa Joe in a steel cage for the WWE Championship.[32] The following year, on December 1, 2019, the event aired again as a WWE Network special from the Infinite Energy Center in Duluth, Georgia, emphasizing high-stakes stipulations like a steel cage match between Bray Wyatt and Braun Strowman.[5] These revivals aimed to capitalize on Starrcade's historical prestige to drive WWE Network subscriptions during the holiday period. No Starrcade event took place in 2020 amid the COVID-19 pandemic, which forced WWE to suspend live audience events and condense its premium live event schedule to focus on essential programming.[33] The disruption, including travel restrictions and health protocols, prevented the return of non-televised or special specials like Starrcade, and no further events were held from 2021 to 2025, with WWE shifting emphasis to its expanded roster of weekly and major premium live events.Events
Broadcasting and Formats
Starrcade's early presentations from 1983 to 1986 relied on closed-circuit television broadcasts, distributed via satellite to theaters, arenas, and other public venues across the United States, primarily in the southern region. Fans accessed the event by purchasing tickets for these viewing sites, where large screens displayed the live action from the main venue, such as the Greensboro Coliseum for the inaugural 1983 show. This format allowed for wider reach beyond local attendance but involved logistical challenges, including coordination of satellite feeds to multiple locations and potential signal disruptions, though specific technical issues like transmission delays were managed to ensure simulcast viewing.[1][9][34] In 1987, Starrcade transitioned to pay-per-view (PPV) distribution, marking the first NWA event aired live on this platform through integrations with major cable providers like those handling PPV carriage at the time. The shift enabled home viewing for subscribers, with typical runtimes of 3 to 4 hours, including occasional pre-show segments to build anticipation. Closed-circuit options persisted in about 100 venues as a supplement, but PPV became the primary format, expanding accessibility while competing directly with WWF's Survivor Series for Thanksgiving-night exclusivity deals with cable operators.[35][36] Under WCW ownership from 1989 to 1996, production values advanced significantly, incorporating multi-camera setups for dynamic angles, elaborate pyrotechnics for entrances, and customized stage designs to enhance spectacle. International broadcasting expanded in the 1990s through partnerships with global networks, allowing PPV availability in markets like Europe and Japan. These enhancements elevated Starrcade as WCW's flagship event, blending theatrical elements with wrestling action.[1] WWE's revivals of Starrcade from 2017 to 2019 positioned it as an exclusive live-streaming event on the WWE Network, departing from traditional PPV models. Streamed directly to subscribers without additional purchase, these shows featured shorter cards running 2 to 3 hours, emphasizing a house show atmosphere with regional crowds and nostalgic elements like returning to Greensboro in 2017. The format focused on streamlined matches and quick pacing, streamed in real-time for global audiences.[37][38] Throughout its history, Starrcade's viewership trends highlighted the shift from venue-based attendance to remote buys, with WCW-era peaks like 1997's approximately 700,000 PPV purchases far outpacing live gates of 10,000 to 20,000 attendees. No new events have occurred since 2019.[39][2]List of Events
Starrcade has been held a total of 21 times across its history, with 18 events during the original National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) and World Championship Wrestling (WCW) run from 1983 to 2000, followed by a three-event revival by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) from 2017 to 2019.[1] No events occurred between 2001 and 2016 or after 2019 due to shifts in promotion ownership and scheduling priorities.[1] The series' highest recorded attendance was 17,500 at the 1997 edition, while pay-per-view (PPV) buys peaked at approximately 700,000 for that same event, with available data indicating an average of around 200,000 buys per WCW-era PPV where figures are documented.[40][15] The following table lists all Starrcade events, including key details where available. Early events (1983–1986) were broadcast via closed-circuit television rather than PPV, so buy figures are not applicable.| Event # | Date | City/Venue | Attendance | Main Event (with winner) | PPV Buys |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | November 24, 1983 | Greensboro, NC / Greensboro Coliseum | 15,447 | Ric Flair def. Harley Race (c) for NWA World Heavyweight Championship (steel cage match) | N/A |
| 2 | November 22, 1984 | Greensboro, NC / Greensboro Coliseum | 16,000 | Ric Flair (c) def. Dusty Rhodes for NWA World Heavyweight Championship (steel cage match) | N/A |
| 3 | November 28, 1985 | Greensboro, NC & Atlanta, GA / Greensboro Coliseum & Omni Coliseum | 30,000 (combined) | Ric Flair (c) def. Dusty Rhodes for NWA World Heavyweight Championship (steel cage match) | N/A |
| 4 | November 27, 1986 | Greensboro, NC & Atlanta, GA / Greensboro Coliseum & Omni Coliseum | 30,000 (combined) | Ric Flair (c) def. Ivan Koloff for NWA World Heavyweight Championship | N/A |
| 5 | November 26, 1987 | Chicago, IL / UIC Pavilion | 8,000 | Ric Flair (c) def. Ron Garvin for NWA World Heavyweight Championship | 20,000 |
| 6 | December 26, 1988 | Norfolk, VA / Norfolk Scope | 10,000 | Ric Flair (c) def. Rick Steamboat for NWA World Heavyweight Championship (2-out-of-3 falls) | 150,000 |
| 7 | December 13, 1989 | Atlanta, GA / The Omni | 6,000 | Ric Flair (c) def. Rick Steamboat for NWA/WCW World Heavyweight Championship (2-out-of-3 falls) | 130,000 |
| 8 | December 16, 1990 | St. Louis, MO / St. Louis Arena | 10,000 | Sting def. Ric Flair (c) for WCW World Heavyweight Championship | 165,000 |
| 9 | December 29, 1991 | Savannah, GA / Savannah Civic Center | 8,000 | Sting won the Battlebowl battle royal | 155,000 |
| 10 | December 28, 1992 | Savannah, GA / Savannah Civic Center | 8,000 | The Great Muta won the Battlebowl battle royal | 118,000 |
| 11 | December 27, 1993 | Charlotte, NC / Charlotte Coliseum | 8,200 | Ric Flair def. Big Van Vader (c) for WCW World Heavyweight Championship | 100,000 (est.) |
| 12 | December 27, 1994 | Nashville, TN / Nashville Municipal Auditorium | 8,200 | Sting def. Vader (c) and Rick Steamboat in triple threat for WCW World Heavyweight Championship | 130,000 |
| 13 | December 27, 1995 | Nashville, TN / Nashville Municipal Auditorium | 8,200 | Randy Savage def. Ric Flair (c) for WCW World Heavyweight Championship | N/A |
| 14 | December 29, 1996 | Nashville, TN / Nashville Municipal Auditorium | 9,030 | Hollywood Hogan (c) def. Roddy Piper in non-title strap match | 345,000 |
| 15 | December 28, 1997 | Washington, D.C. / MCI Center | 17,500 | Sting def. Hulk Hogan (c) for WCW World Heavyweight Championship (controversial finish) | 700,000 |
| 16 | December 27, 1998 | Washington, D.C. / MCI Center | 16,066 | Kevin Nash def. Goldberg (c) for WCW World Heavyweight Championship (No DQ match) | 460,000 |
| 17 | December 19, 1999 | Washington, D.C. / MCI Center | 10,000 | Goldberg def. Bret Hart (c) via DQ for WCW World Heavyweight Championship | N/A |
| 18 | December 17, 2000 | Washington, D.C. / MCI Center | 7,000 | Booker T def. Scott Steiner (c) for WCW World Heavyweight Championship | N/A |
| 19 | November 25, 2017 | Greensboro, NC / Greensboro Coliseum | 10,234 | AJ Styles (c) def. Jinder Mahal for WWE United States Championship | N/A (Network special) |
| 20 | November 24, 2018 | Cincinnati, OH / U.S. Bank Arena | 7,500 | Becky Lynch def. Charlotte Flair (steel cage match) | N/A (Network special) |
| 21 | December 1, 2019 | Duluth, GA / Infinite Energy Arena | 4,100 | The Fiend (Bray Wyatt) def. The Miz | N/A (Network special) |