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Sting

Gordon Matthew Thomas Sumner (born 2 October 1951), known professionally as , is an English musician, singer, songwriter, and actor. He rose to international prominence as the frontman, bassist, and primary songwriter of the rock band , which formed in 1977 and achieved massive commercial success with albums including Outlandos d’Amour (1978), (1979), and (1983), the latter featuring the global number-one single "" and earning three . Following the band's dissolution in 1986 amid internal tensions, Sting launched a solo career with The Dream of the Blue Turtles (1985), establishing a distinctive style blending rock, , , and classical elements across 15 studio albums, such as ...Nothing Like the Sun (1987), (1993), and Brand New Day (1999, over eight million copies sold). Over his career with the Police and as a solo artist, he has sold more than 100 million records worldwide and received 17 , a CBE in 2004, and induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with the Police in 2003. Sting is noted for his high tenor voice, socially conscious lyrics on themes like and , acting roles in films such as (1979) and The Bride (1985), and activism including performances on Amnesty International's "Human Rights Now!" tour in 1988.

People

Sting (musician)

Gordon Matthew Thomas Sumner, known professionally as Sting, was born on 2 October 1951 in Wallsend, Northumberland, England. He acquired his stage name while playing bass in a local jazz band, the Phoenix Jazzmen, due to a black-and-yellow striped sweater he wore resembling a stingray. Before music, Sumner worked as a construction labourer, tax officer, and schoolteacher while performing in Newcastle jazz clubs during the early 1970s. Sting co-founded the rock band in in 1977, serving as lead vocalist, bassist, and primary songwriter alongside drummer and guitarist . The trio released five studio albums, achieving global success with reggae-influenced hits such as "Roxanne" (1978), "" (1979), and "" (1983), the latter topping the for eight weeks. The band disbanded in 1986 after internal tensions, though they reunited for a 2007–2008 world tour and were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2003. Sting launched his solo career in 1985 with the jazz-fusion album The Dream of the Blue Turtles, featuring collaborators like Branford Marsalis and featuring the hit "If You Love Somebody Set Them Free." Subsequent releases, including ...Nothing Like the Sun (1987) and The Soul Cages (1991), earned critical acclaim and commercial sales exceeding millions worldwide; he has sold over 100 million records as a solo artist. Sting has received 17 Grammy Awards, including Song of the Year for "Every Breath You Take," along with a Golden Globe, an Emmy, and multiple MTV Video Music Awards. His work extends to acting in films like Quadrophenia (1979) and Dune (1984), and philanthropy through the Rainforest Foundation Fund, co-founded in 1989 to protect indigenous lands. As of 2025, Sting continues touring, with his latest album The Bridge released in 2021.

Sting (wrestler)

Steve Borden (born March 20, 1959), better known by the ring name Sting, is a retired American professional wrestler signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW). A former bodybuilder from Venice Beach, California, he entered professional wrestling in the mid-1980s, initially teaming as part of the Blade Runners stable with Jim Hellwig (later the Ultimate Warrior) in promotions like Universal Wrestling Federation (UWF). Sting debuted for the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) in 1987, adopting a colorful, surfer-inspired persona characterized by blonde hair, face paint, and high-energy promos that positioned him as WCW's top babyface. He feuded prominently with , culminating in a victory for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship on July 7, 1990, at . During WCW's era, Sting transformed into a darker "Crow" gimmick in 1996—inspired by betrayal in the (nWo) invasion storyline—donning black attire, white face paint with black accents, and rappelling from arena rafters to symbolize WCW's vigilante resistance against the heel faction led by , , and . Sting held the WCW World Heavyweight Championship six times, along with two WCW International World Heavyweight Championships, three WCW World Tag Team Championships, two United States Championships, and one WCW Television Championship, establishing him as "The Franchise of WCW." Following WCW's acquisition by in 2001, he wrestled in (TNA) from 2003, capturing multiple world titles there, before a brief run starting at on November 23, 2014, where he debuted by aiding Team Cena against The Authority and lost to at in 2015. Inducted into the in 2016, Sting returned for AEW on December 2, 2020, forming an undefeated tag team with , winning the , and retiring after a successful defense against at Revolution on March 3, 2024, in , after 39 years in the industry marked by high-risk maneuvers like ladder falls and arena descents.

Other people

No other individuals achieve significant prominence under the professional or stage name Sting. Legal documentation regarding the name's usage highlights conflicts primarily between the musician Gordon Sumner and wrestler Steve Borden, with no equivalent recognition extended to additional figures. Extensive references in media and biographical accounts consistently limit notable applications of the name to these two, underscoring its rarity as a pseudonym beyond their domains.

Biology and medicine

Sting (anatomy and zoology)

In zoology, a sting is a specialized organ or cellular structure in various that delivers through piercing or penetration, serving functions such as prey immobilization, defense against predators, or subduing competitors. These structures evolved independently across phyla, adapting basic anatomical features like modified ovipositors in or pressurized capsules in cnidarians to enable rapid toxin injection. Venom composition typically includes neurotoxins, cytotoxins, or enzymes that disrupt cellular function or activity in targets. Among arthropods, the sting apparatus in the order (encompassing bees, wasps, and ants) derives from the female , reconfigured for rather than solely egg-laying. It consists of a central stylet flanked by two lancets that reciprocate to burrow into tissue, forming a venom-delivery channel; associated glands produce peptides and proteins causing , , or . In the honeybee (Apis mellifera), the worker's stinger features backward-facing barbs on the lancets, which anchor it subcutaneously during withdrawal, resulting in —detachment of the stinger, venom sac, and musculature—leading to the bee's and death within minutes due to loss. Social wasps, by contrast, possess smoother stingers allowing multiple stings without fatal consequence. Scorpions (order Scorpiones) employ a distinct metasomal sting at the tail's terminus, termed the , which includes a bulbous vesicle housing paired glands and a narrowed aculeus—a hollow, curved stylet for penetration and injection. Contraction of surrounding muscles expels , a mix of low-molecular-weight basic proteins and sodium channel-modulating toxins, paralyzing prey or deterring vertebrates; sting efficacy varies by , with some like Androctonus delivering potent neurotoxins lethal to small mammals. In cnidarians (phylum ), including and sea anemones, stinging relies not on macroscopic organs but on microscopic nematocysts—capsule-like organelles within cnidocytes distributed across tentacles and body surfaces. Each nematocyst contains a coiled, pressurized tubule that everts explosively upon mechanical or chemical trigger via a cnidocil sensory , piercing targets up to 0.1 mm deep and injecting nematocyst (often containing cytolytic peptides or blockers). This mechanism enables prey capture and defense, with discharge speeds reaching 2-40 m/s driven by gradients exceeding 100 atm. Unlike stings, nematocysts are single-use per cell but abundant, allowing repeated .

STING protein

The (), also known as TMEM173, is an () resident adaptor protein encoded by the TMEM173 gene on human chromosome 8q24.21, consisting of four transmembrane domains and a C-terminal cytoplasmic tail that facilitates dimerization and downstream signaling. serves as a central hub in the cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway of innate immunity, where it detects cyclic dinucleotides such as 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) produced by the DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) in response to foreign or self DNA in the . Upon binding, undergoes conformational changes, oligomerizes into dimers or higher-order structures, and translocates from the via the Golgi apparatus to perinuclear puncta, where it recruits and activates (). This activation phosphorylates (), leading to its dimerization and nuclear translocation, which induces transcription of type I interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines like (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). STING was first identified in 2008 through screens for regulators of type I IFN production in response to bacterial cyclic di-GMP, with subsequent studies in 2009-2010 establishing its role in cytosolic DNA sensing independent of Toll-like receptors. Structurally, the monomeric protein features a ligand-binding domain (LBD) in its C-terminal region that forms a butterfly-shaped dimer upon , with cryo-electron revealing near-atomic of its transmembrane segments and a critical dimerization motif essential for folding and signaling. Recent structural analyses have shown STING functions as a proton , facilitating flux that contributes to noncanonical and beyond IFN responses. Palmitoylation at cysteine residues in the C-terminus enhances STING's trafficking and signaling efficiency, while mutations disrupting this modification impair immune . In physiological contexts, STING-mediated signaling is crucial for antiviral defense against DNA viruses (e.g., ) and retroviruses, as well as antitumor immunity by promoting T-cell infiltration and necroptosis in cancer cells via detection of micronuclei or . Dysregulation, however, underlies autoinflammatory disorders; gain-of-function mutations in TMEM173, such as N154S or V155M, cause STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI), characterized by constitutive TBK1-IRF3 activation, vasculopathy, , and elevated IFN signatures from early childhood. Therapeutically, STING agonists (e.g., non-nucleotide compounds like DMXAA derivatives) are under investigation for to enhance antitumor responses, though challenges include systemic toxicity from excessive inflammation. Conversely, STING inhibitors are explored for treating SAVI and other interferonopathies, with JAK inhibitors showing efficacy in reducing inflammation in mutation-bearing patients.

Entertainment and media

Films and television

Sting is a 2024 written and directed by Roache-Turner. The story centers on 12-year-old , who secretly raises a that rapidly grows into a giant, flesh-eating monster, forcing her to confront the threat to her family and apartment building residents. The film stars Alyla Browne as , alongside as her stepfather Erik, as her mother Vera, and as the building superintendent. took place in , , with production concluding in early 2023. The movie premiered in on 12 March 2024 and was released in the United States on 5 April 2024 by and Shudder. It features practical effects and for the spider creature, drawing comparisons to films like for its creature-feature style. Critics noted its fast-paced action and gore, though some highlighted inconsistencies in character motivations and tonal shifts. On , it holds a 70% approval rating from 113 reviews, with an average score of 6.1/10, while audience scores average 67%. users rate it 5.7/10 based on over 18,000 votes, praising the effects but critiquing the script's predictability. In , Sting has no direct adaptations, but related content includes promotional trailers and clips aired on platforms like , with the official trailer released on 15 February 2024. An obscure titled The Sting Chronicles (2013–2015) exists, depicting a comedic story of a teenager surviving a in , but it lacks significant distribution or critical attention.

Music

A sting is a short musical phrase or used primarily in , , and radio scoring to punctuate key moments, such as scene transitions, revelations, or suspenseful beats. These phrases, often lasting only a few seconds, heighten emotional impact by providing abrupt emphasis or tension release, distinct from longer cues or themes. Synonyms include "," "sounder," or "," reflecting their role as sonic markers akin to in narrative audio. In practice, stings frequently employ dissonant or resolving harmonies, stabs, percussion hits, or swells to evoke surprise or ; a example is the descending chromatic "" signaling irony or peril in . Composers craft them for versatility across genres, from (to underscore shocks) to (to punchlines), ensuring they seamlessly or resolve without lingering. In television production, "sting endings" cap musical cues, allowing editors to cut abruptly while maintaining rhythmic continuity. Stings trace to early broadcast practices, evolving from radio drama techniques where brief motifs bridged dialogue gaps or amplified effects, later adapting to visual media for synchronized impact. Production libraries stock pre-composed stings for efficiency, categorized by mood (e.g., heroic, ominous) to suit quick editorial needs. Their ubiquity stems from functional brevity, enabling composers to support pacing without overshadowing dialogue or action.

Video games

Sting Entertainment (株式会社スティング, Kabushikigaisha Sutingu) is a Japanese video game development studio established on February 7, 1989, in Tokyo by former employees of Compile. The company specializes in role-playing games (RPGs), tactical RPGs, and adventure titles, often featuring intricate storytelling and strategic gameplay mechanics. Its debut release was the shoot 'em up Psycho Chaser in 1990 for the PC Engine. Notable series include the Dept. Heaven trilogy—Riviera: The Promised Land (2002), Yggdra Union (2006), and Knights in the Nightmare (2008)—which emphasize turn-based combat, resource management, and narrative-driven progression across platforms like Game Boy Advance, PlayStation Portable, and Nintendo DS. Other key works encompass the roguelike Baroque (1998, with remakes in 2007 and 2016), the multiplayer party RPG Dokapon series (starting with Dokapon Kingdom in 2007), and titles like Evolution: The World of Sacred Device (1997) and Treasure Hunter G (1996). Sting has collaborated with publishers such as Atlus, Nintendo, and Compile Heart, contributing to ports and sequels on modern systems including Steam. The Sting! is a developed by Software and published by Productions for Windows, with a release date of March 29, 2001. Played from an overhead perspective with optional first-person views, it simulates operations in a expansive virtual town featuring over 20 locations such as factories, residences, and public buildings. involves planning heists, managing tools and team members, evading security, and advancing through a criminal hierarchy via turn-based missions that incorporate puzzle-solving and . The title received mixed reviews for its innovative premise inspired by real-world tactics but was critiqued for technical issues and repetitive elements; it holds a score of 73/100 based on nine critic reviews. A sequel to the 1994 game Clou!, it supports through ME and remains available via digital re-releases.

Fictional characters

Sting Eucliffe is a character in the manga series , written and illustrated by , which was serialized in from 2006 to 2017. Introduced in chapter 267 (published March 5, 2012), Eucliffe serves as the Guild Master of the Sabertooth guild and is depicted as a Third Generation Dragon Slayer specializing in White Dragon Slayer Magic, granting him abilities like holy light-based attacks and enhanced physical prowess. His character arc involves rivalry with the series' protagonists, particularly , during the Grand Magic Games arc in the fictional year X791, emphasizing themes of guild loyalty and personal growth through defeat and redemption. In the 2024 Australian horror film Sting, directed by Kiah Roache-Turner and released on February 15 internationally, the titular antagonist is a rapidly mutating named Sting by 12-year-old , who initially keeps it as a pet after it enters her family's apartment via a meteorite-impacted package. The creature, inspired by real but exaggerated for sci-fi , grows to monstrous size, exhibiting and predatory behavior that leads to multiple deaths, culminating in a . The film, produced by , grossed approximately $1.2 million in limited release and received mixed reviews for its creature effects and pacing.

Sports

Sports teams

The was an American professional soccer team based in that operated from 1974 to 1988, primarily competing in the (NASL) from 1975 until the league's dissolution in 1984. The team later played in leagues, including the Major Indoor Soccer League (MISL), and achieved success with NASL Soccer Bowl championships in 1981 and 1984. The was a (WNBA) based in , active from 1997 to 2006 as one of the league's eight inaugural teams. Over 10 seasons, the team compiled a regular-season record of 143 wins and 179 losses, qualifying for the playoffs six times, including a appearance in 2001. The folded in January 2007 amid financial challenges but saw the WNBA file a application for the name in February 2025, signaling potential revival amid league expansion plans. In women's soccer, the Sting emerged as a prominent club team in the 1980s, serving as the de facto U.S. international representative before the formal establishment of the national team in 1985. The team achieved historic success by winning the 1984 Mundialito tournament in , marking the first major international title for an soccer side, male or female.

Other sports uses

In various bat-and-ball sports such as and , as well as in and , "sting" refers to the acute pain and numbness in the hands caused by flexural transmitted through hand-held implements during off-center impacts. This sensation arises from the excitation of higher flexural modes in the equipment, which are influenced by factors like material composition, grip position, and impact location relative to the sweet spot. Acoustics research has quantified these , showing that metal and composite bats amplify sting compared to wooden ones due to their , prompting innovations like knob-mounted vibration absorbers that reduce perceived sting by specific modes. In specifically, a "sting ball" describes a pitch delivered with such that it causes a stinging on the catcher's or mitt. Players may develop apprehension toward mishits due to repeated hand sting, leading to drills focused on proper and swing to minimize transfer. manufacturers have incorporated anti- technologies, such as composite handles or inserts, to mitigate this effect, with studies confirming up to 30% reduction in perception. Sting is also the name of an sports equipment brand established in in 2003, specializing in , MMA gear, and training accessories. The brand supplies professional-grade products to national boxing federations and served as an official equipment provider for events including the 2016 Olympics.

Other uses

Law enforcement and operations

A in refers to a covert tactic where officers create or exploit an opportunity to entice individuals predisposed to criminal activity into committing an offense, allowing for their apprehension with evidence of intent and action. These operations typically target crimes such as drug trafficking, , prostitution , or , using undercover agents, decoys, or simulated scenarios to gather without relying solely on . The primary goals include identifying active offenders, disrupting criminal networks, and deterring similar acts through high-visibility arrests, though success depends on demonstrating the suspect's independent predisposition to avoid invalidating charges. Common methods involve bait setups, such as properties for burglars equipped with hidden cameras or online personas posing as buyers/sellers in child exploitation or stings. In stings, may stage vacant homes with visible valuables to lure thieves, recovering stolen goods via marked items or GPS trackers. For vice crimes, operations often use controlled buys where informants or officers feign interest to negotiate and complete transactions, as seen in prostitution stings targeting johns via ads. These tactics have evolved with technology, incorporating digital surveillance and elements, but require adherence to operational guidelines to minimize risks like officer safety or public backlash. Sting operations gained prominence in U.S. during the mid-20th century, building on earlier undercover traditions but formalizing proactive over reactive policing. By the and , they expanded significantly; for instance, the U.S. Marshals Service launched Investigative Strike Teams () in the to target violent through coordinated stings, resulting in thousands of captures nationwide. in 1985, a joint effort in , apprehended over 100 by posing as a criminal haven, demonstrating scalability for high-priority targets. Earlier precedents trace to efforts, but modern stings proliferated amid rising urban crime rates in the 1970s-1990s, often yielding rates exceeding 80% in targeted burglaries or auto thefts. Legally, sting operations are permissible under U.S. constitutional standards as long as they do not cross into , defined as government inducement of a by a person lacking predisposition, which serves as an potentially leading to . Courts assess predisposition via factors like prior criminal history or voluntary initiation of the illegal act, upholding stings where officers merely provide opportunity rather than pressure or coercion. The has affirmed this in cases like Jacobson v. United States (1992), ruling that prolonged government persuasion can constitute if it overcomes non-predisposed reluctance, but routine stings targeting repeat offenders withstand scrutiny. Ethical concerns arise from potential overreach, prompting departmental policies to limit inducements and ensure oversight, though federal guidelines under the Attorney General emphasize to investigative necessity. Empirical evaluations indicate mixed effectiveness; while stings produce immediate arrests—often 50-90% clearance rates for opportunistic crimes like —they may inadvertently boost overall incidence by signaling profitable venues, as evidenced by studies in high-crime areas where post-operation rates rose due to adaptive offender behavior. Research from analyses shows short-term deterrence in specific locales but limited long-term crime reduction without complementary measures like , with some operations criticized for disproportionately ensnaring low-level offenders rather than networks. Despite criticisms, stings remain a core tool for crimes resistant to traditional methods, justified by causal evidence of disrupting active perpetrators who would otherwise continue offending.

Miscellaneous

In , a is a sharp, penetrating injury inflicted by certain animals through a specialized structure, such as the of hymenopteran (e.g., bees and wasps) or the spines of marine creatures like , often delivering that causes localized , swelling, and . The typically contains proteins, peptides, and enzymes that trigger nociceptors, leading to immediate hypersensitivity reactions; for instance, honeybee ( mellifera) includes , which accounts for up to 50% of its dry weight and induces and . In , stinging refers to irritation from trichomes or hairs that inject chemical irritants upon contact, as in the stinging nettle (), where hollow, silica-tipped hairs release , , and , producing a lasting hours to days. The sensation of a is characterized by a sudden, sharp pain akin to a or prick, mediated by activation of transient receptor potential channels in sensory neurons. Medically, stings can range from mild (e.g., bites, though not true stings) to severe, with occurring in 0.5-3% of cases from Hymenoptera stings, necessitating epinephrine administration. Colloquially, "sting" denotes a sharp financial imposition, such as overcharging, mirroring the acute discomfort of a physical ; for example, banks may impose fees that "sting" customers unexpectedly.

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