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Tanner

James Mourilyan Tanner (1 August 1920 – 11 August 2010) was a British paediatric endocrinologist renowned for developing the Tanner scale, a standardized system for evaluating the physical stages of puberty in children and adolescents based on observable secondary sexual characteristics.^[1]^[2] Tanner's work revolutionized the assessment of child growth and development, providing clinicians with empirical tools to track maturation patterns derived from longitudinal studies of thousands of British youth in the mid-20th century.^[3]^[4] His research at the Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital emphasized the interplay of genetics, nutrition, and environment in growth, demonstrating that deviations from normative curves could signal underlying health issues.^[5]^[6] Appointed the first professor of paediatrics and child health at the University of London in 1966, Tanner authored influential texts and fostered international collaborations that advanced auxology, the science of human growth.^[7] The Tanner scale, comprising five stages for pubic hair, breast development in girls, and genital growth in boys, remains a cornerstone of paediatric endocrinology, aiding in the diagnosis of precocious or delayed puberty despite ongoing refinements with modern imaging and diverse population data.^[8] No major controversies marred Tanner's career, though his findings have informed debates on environmental influences accelerating puberty onset in recent decades.^[9]

Etymology

Linguistic and historical origins

The English noun tanner, denoting a person who processes animal hides into leather through tanning, first appears in late Old English as tannere, an agent noun derived from the verb tannian ("to tan" or "to convert hides into leather").^[10] This verb traces to Proto-Germanic roots, with influences from Medieval Latin tannare ("to tan hides"), itself from Celtic tannus ("tannin" or "oak bark"), reflecting the historical use of oak bark extracts rich in tannins for curing hides—a process documented in European leatherworking since antiquity. By the mid-12th century, the term had evolved into Middle English tannere, incorporating elements from Old French taneor or tanere, agent forms of tannier ("to tan"), due to Norman linguistic influences following the 1066 Conquest.^[10] As an occupational descriptor, tanner paralleled similar agent nouns in other Germanic languages, such as Middle Dutch taenre, underscoring the trade's prevalence in medieval Europe where leather was essential for clothing, armor, and tools.^[11] The surname Tanner emerged from this occupational usage around the 12th century in southern England, denoting families or individuals engaged in tanneries, often located near water sources for soaking hides; records from the 13th century, such as those in the Hundred Rolls of 1273, list bearers like "William le Tannere" in Oxfordshire.^[12] In Dutch and German contexts, variants like Tanner or Täger similarly derived from leather-tanning roles, with the German form linked to Middle High German tegen ("to tan"), though English usage predominates in modern onomastics.^[11] Historically, the tanning occupation predates the English term by millennia, with evidence of vegetable tanning using tannins from tree barks in ancient Mesopotamia around 5000 BCE and in Egyptian tombs from 1500 BCE, but the linguistic crystallization in Old English reflects localized adaptation of a pan-European craft amid Anglo-Saxon settlement. The term's persistence into modern times as both a surname (ranking among the top 500 in English-speaking countries per 19th-century census data) and revived given name highlights its evolution from a malodorous, labor-intensive trade—often marginalized due to foul odors from lime pits and effluents—to a neutral or positive identifier in contemporary usage.^[13]

Personal names

As a surname

The surname Tanner functions primarily as an occupational name in English and Dutch contexts, denoting a person engaged in tanning hides for leather production, with records dating back to Anglo-Saxon times. It appears in historical documents as early as the 12th century, reflecting the trade's importance in medieval economies reliant on leather goods. German variants, such as Danner, may derive topographically from places named Tanne or Tann, associated with fir trees, though the occupational sense predominates in English usage.^[13]^[12]^[14] In terms of prevalence, Tanner ranks as the 5,663rd most common surname worldwide, borne by roughly 94,900 individuals, or 1 in 72,984 people. It is most concentrated in the United States, where 63,169 bearers reside (1 in 5,738), followed by England (13,000+), Australia, and Canada; in the U.S., it placed 709th in the 2010 census with 48,813 occurrences. Demographically, U.S. bearers are overwhelmingly of White European ancestry (84.1%), with smaller proportions Black (11.3%) and Hispanic (1.6%), reflecting historical immigration patterns from Britain and Northern Europe. The name's frequency has remained stable, with no sharp declines noted in recent censuses.^[15]^[16]^[17] Prominent individuals bearing the surname include Henry Ossawa Tanner (1859–1937), an American artist of African descent whose paintings, such as The Banjo Lesson (1893), depicted everyday Black life and biblical subjects, earning acclaim at the Paris Salon and influencing realist traditions. Roscoe Tanner (born 1951) is a former professional tennis player who won the 1979 Australian Open doubles title and reached the Wimbledon singles final that year, known for his powerful serve exceeding 140 mph. Väinö Tanner (1881–1966) served as Prime Minister of Finland in 1926–1927 and later as Foreign Minister, playing a key role in interwar diplomacy amid Soviet pressures. Other figures encompass Antwon Tanner (born 1975), an actor recognized for his role as Vince Howard on the television series One Tree Hill (2003–2012). These examples span arts, sports, and politics, underscoring the surname's association with achievement in diverse fields.^[13]^[18]^[19]

As a given name

Tanner is a given name of English origin, derived from the occupational surname for a person who tans animal hides into leather, from Middle English tannere or Old English tannian, meaning "to tan."^[20]^[21] It emerged as a first name in the 20th century, particularly in English-speaking countries, and is predominantly masculine, though occasionally used for girls.^[20]^[22] In the United States, Tanner entered the top 100 boys' names in the 1980s and peaked at rank 145 in 1998, according to Social Security Administration data analyzed by name databases.^[23]^[24] By 2023, it ranked 432nd for boys, with approximately 0.039% of male births, reflecting a decline but sustained moderate popularity, especially in western states like Wyoming and Montana.^[23]^[25] Female usage remains minimal, with only about 51 girls named Tanner in 2021 compared to 899 boys.^[22] Notable individuals with the given name Tanner include American racing driver Tanner Foust, born June 13, 1971, known for competing in Formula Drift and hosting Top Gear U.S.; MLB pitcher Tanner Roark, born October 5, 1986, who played for teams including the Washington Nationals and Cincinnati Reds; and NHL player Tanner Glass, born November 29, 1983, who skated for multiple franchises over a 12-year career.^[21]^[25] These figures span motorsports, professional baseball, and ice hockey, illustrating the name's association with athletic professions.

Places

Populated places

Tanner, Alabama, is an unincorporated community in southern Limestone County, part of the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area. The ZIP code 35671 serving the community had a population of 1,526 as of 2022.^[26] Tanner, Washington, formerly a census-designated place in King County (now known as Riverpoint), recorded a population of 1,018 in the 2010 census, down from 2,966 in 2000.^[27] Tanner, West Virginia, is an unincorporated community in Gilmer County along the Little Kanawha River, with an estimated population of 939.^[28] Other smaller unincorporated communities named Tanner exist in Georgia (Washington and Hall Counties), Indiana (Greene County), Kentucky (Larue County), and Missouri (Scott County), typically consisting of rural hamlets with populations under 100 and no dedicated census designations.^[29]

Other geographical features

The Tanner Trail in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, descends approximately 4,800 feet (1,463 m) over 10 miles (16 km) from the South Rim near Lipan Point to the Colorado River, traversing Tanner Canyon with steep switchbacks, loose rock, and minimal shade, exposing hikers to intense heat and requiring experienced navigation.^[30]^[31] Established in the 1880s by prospector Seth B. Tanner for mining access, the trail connects to the Escalante Route and is infrequently maintained, with the only reliable water source at the river.^[30] Adjacent to the trail's terminus, Tanner Rapid at river mile 68 on the Colorado River features Class III whitewater formed by a debris fan from Tanner Canyon, posing navigational challenges for rafting expeditions.^[32] Named for Seth Tanner, a 19th-century trail builder, miner, and trader who operated in the region, the rapid lies near Tanner Beach, a sandy shoreline area used for camping by river runners and backcountry hikers accessing side canyons.^[33]^[32] In the Red Buttes Wilderness of Siskiyou National Forest, Oregon, the Tanner Lakes consist of two alpine lakes at elevations around 6,000 feet (1,829 m), situated amid coniferous forests and accessible via the Tanner Lakes Trail from the Oregon Caves Highway, supporting recreational hiking and serving as headwaters in a watershed restoration area.^[34] Nearby, Tanner Mountain rises to 6,298 feet (1,920 m) in the Siskiyou Mountains, offering panoramic views and named after early settler Ezra Tanner, who claimed land in the Illinois Valley in 1852.^[35]

Other uses

Occupational term

A tanner is a skilled worker who processes raw animal hides and skins into leather through tanning, a chemical treatment that stabilizes proteins in the hide to prevent decomposition while enhancing pliability and strength.^[36] This occupation involves stages such as soaking hides in water to remove salts, liming to loosen hair and flesh, and immersion in tanning agents like vegetable tannins from oak or chestnut bark or synthetic chromium salts.^[37]^[38] Historically, tanning emerged as a distinct trade by the Middle Ages in Europe, where tanners operated near water sources for rinsing and bark mills for grinding tannins, often facing social stigma due to the foul odors and wastewater from the process.^[39] In pre-industrial settings, such as 17th-century England and colonial America, tanners handled local livestock hides—cows, calves, sheep, and goats—in community-scale operations, bartering services for raw materials and producing leather for shoes, harnesses, and clothing.^[37]^[40] The process could take months for vegetable tanning, requiring hides to be layered with bark in vats and periodically stirred.^[41] In contemporary leather production, tanners oversee mechanized facilities called tanneries, managing pre-tanning (beamhouse operations like dehairing), tanning proper, and post-tanning finishing such as dyeing and oiling to meet specifications for industries like footwear and upholstery.^[36] While traditional vegetable tanning persists for premium goods, chrome tanning dominates for its speed—completing in days—and accounts for over 80% of global leather output as of 2023, though it raises environmental concerns over effluent discharge.^[38] Tanners today often require apprenticeships or vocational training in chemical handling and quality control, reflecting the shift from artisanal labor to industrial expertise.^[42]

Currency

In British English slang, a "tanner" refers to a sixpence coin, a pre-decimal denomination of sterling worth six pence or half a shilling (2.5 pence in modern decimal terms).^[43]^[44] The term was commonly used from the early 19th century until the UK's decimalization of currency on 15 February 1971, after which the sixpence lost everyday circulation value, though it remained legal tender until 30 June 1980.^[45] The slang's etymology is uncertain but first attested in 1811; one theory traces it to the Romany word tawno, meaning "small one," reflecting the coin's modest silver content and size, while others suggest possible links to unrelated terms like "tanner" for a leather worker, though without firm evidence.^[10]^[44] The sixpence itself dates to 1551 under Edward VI, minted intermittently thereafter in silver or cupronickel, often featuring monarchs' portraits and symbols like the royal cypher.^[43]^[46] Tanners held cultural significance, such as in wedding traditions where brides received a sixpence in their shoe for prosperity, and in betting or pub transactions as a standard small change item.^[47] Their nickname persisted in colloquial speech even post-decimalization, evoking pre-1971 economic life when 240 pence equaled a pound.^[48]^[49]

Biology

The Tanner scale, developed by British pediatrician James Mourilyan Tanner (1920–2010), provides a standardized five-stage classification of pubertal development based on observable secondary sexual characteristics. Tanner, a professor emeritus of child growth and development at the Institute of Child Health in London, derived the scale from longitudinal studies of over 200 British children conducted in the 1950s and 1960s, emphasizing empirical measurements of physical maturation rather than chronological age alone.^[8]^[7] This system, also termed Sexual Maturity Rating (SMR), enables clinicians to objectively track progression from pre-pubertal (stage 1) to fully mature adult (stage 5) states, aiding diagnosis of normal variation, precocious puberty, or delayed maturation.^[50] In females, separate assessments cover breast development and pubic hair growth. Breast staging begins with stage 1 (pre-pubertal elevation of papilla only), progressing to stage 2 (breast bud formation with areolar enlargement), stage 3 (further enlargement without separation of contours), stage 4 (areola and papilla form a secondary mound), and stage 5 (recession to adult configuration with papilla projection). Pubic hair staging mirrors this: stage 1 (none), stage 2 (sparse, long, lightly pigmented along labia), stage 3 (darker, coarser, spreading sparsely), stage 4 (adult-type but limited to mons pubis), and stage 5 (adult quantity and distribution). Onset typically occurs between ages 8–13, with menarche averaging stage 3–4.^[50]^[8] In males, staging evaluates genital development and pubic hair. Genital stage 1 shows pre-pubertal testes (≤4 mL volume, <2.5 cm length) and phallus; stage 2 features testicular enlargement (>4 mL, scrotal reddening/thinning); stage 3 includes penis length increase and further testicular growth; stage 4 adds penis width/glans development with scrotal rugation; stage 5 reaches adult size (testes 12–25 mL). Pubic hair follows a parallel pattern to females. Puberty usually starts ages 9–14, with peak height velocity at stage 3–4.^[50]^[8] Widely validated in clinical settings for reliability in tracking hormone-driven changes, the scale correlates with gonadal steroid levels and skeletal maturation but relies on visual inspection, introducing minor inter-observer variability mitigated by standardized training.^[8] It does not account for ethnic or nutritional differences in timing, though data from diverse cohorts confirm its utility for identifying deviations beyond two standard deviations from population norms.^[51]

Astronomy

(13668) Tanner is a main-belt asteroid with an estimated diameter of approximately 2.5 kilometers. It was discovered on April 28, 1997, by the Spacewatch survey team using the 1.8-meter telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona. The asteroid orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.29 AU on average, with an inclination of 4.0 degrees relative to the ecliptic.^[52] The provisional designation 1997 HQ₁ was assigned upon discovery. It received its official name in recognition of Roger Tanner (born 1950), an engineer at the University of Arizona's Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, who contributed to the design and construction of charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras for astronomical observations over several years.^[52] Tannerus is a small lunar impact crater located in the southern highlands of the Moon at coordinates 56°26′ S, 21°55′ E, with a diameter of 28.1 kilometers. Named after the Austrian mathematician Adam Tanner (1572–1632), whose Latinized surname is Tannerus, the crater features a nearly circular rim with minor erosion and lies near the craters Asclepi and Beaumont.^[53] The name was approved by the International Astronomical Union in 1935.^[53]

In popular culture

Media works

Tanner '88 is an American political mockumentary miniseries written by Garry Trudeau and directed by Robert Altman.^[54] The 11-episode series, which aired on HBO from July 15 to November 5, 1988, follows the fictional Democratic presidential campaign of Jack Tanner, a former U.S. Representative from Michigan played by Michael Murphy, during the real 1988 election cycle.^[55] It blends scripted scenes with improvised interactions involving actual politicians, journalists, and celebrities, such as Bob Mondale, Kit Bond, and Bruce Springsteen, to satirize media-driven campaigning and political authenticity.^[56] The production innovated by allowing cast members to engage spontaneously with real-world events, including the Democratic National Convention in Atlanta.^[57] A sequel miniseries, Tanner on Tanner, directed by Altman and written by Trudeau, premiered on the Sundance Channel on November 3, 2004.^[58] This four-part follow-up shifts focus to Alex Tanner (Cynthia Nixon), Jack's daughter from the original, as she directs a retrospective documentary on her father's failed bid while navigating her own political aspirations amid the 2004 election.^[59] Featuring returning cast like Michael Murphy and Pamela Reed, it critiques evolving media landscapes, including reality TV and campaign finance, with cameos from figures such as Howard Dean and James Carville.^[60] In music, Harry Chapin's "Mr. Tanner," from his 1973 album Short Stories, tells the tale of a Kansas tailor whose amateur operatic singing receives harsh reviews, leading him to abandon his dreams.^[61] The folk ballad, inspired by a real-life dry cleaner, peaked at number 92 on the Billboard Hot 100 and earned Chapin a Grammy nomination for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance.

Fictional characters

In Ian Fleming's James Bond novels, Bill Tanner is the Chief of Staff of MI6, depicted as a loyal colleague and friend to Bond who coordinates operations and provides logistical support. The character first appears in the 1959 novel Goldfinger and recurs in subsequent works by Fleming, John Gardner, and Kingsley Amis.^[62] Evan Michael Tanner, protagonist of a series of crime novels by Lawrence Block, is a former U.S. Army sergeant who lost the ability to sleep after shrapnel damaged his brain's sleep center during the Korean War.^[63] Unable to rest, he supports obscure political causes and undertakes freelance espionage missions across eight books, starting with The Thief Who Couldn't Sleep published in 1966.^[64] Elsie Tanner (née Grimshaw) is a foundational character in the British soap opera Coronation Street, portrayed by Pat Phoenix from the program's debut on December 9, 1960, until her initial departure in 1973. Residing at No. 11 Coronation Street, she embodies a flamboyant, resilient working-class woman entangled in romantic affairs with figures like Len Fairclough and Steve Tanner, reflecting post-war social dynamics in Manchester.^[65] The Tanner family anchors the American sitcom Full House (1987–1995), centered on Danny Tanner, a widowed San Francisco sportscaster raising daughters D.J. (Donna Jo Margaret), Stephanie, and Michelle after his wife Pam's death in a car accident.^[66] Danny, portrayed by Bob Saget, enforces household cleanliness and family bonding amid comedic challenges, with D.J. (Candace Cameron Bure) as the responsible eldest navigating adolescence and early romances.^[66] In Robert Altman's satirical HBO miniseries Tanner '88 (1988), Jack Tanner, played by Michael Murphy, campaigns as a fictional Democratic U.S. presidential candidate from Michigan, blending mockumentary style with real 1988 election events to critique media-driven politics.^[54] A sequel, Tanner on Tanner (2004), follows his daughter Alexandra documenting family fallout from the prior bid.^[59]

References

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James Mourilyan Tanner | The BMJ
Sep 29, 2010 · Jim Tanner, former professor of child growth and development at Great Ormond Street Hospital, invented the eponymous scale that measures growth ...
[2]
James Tanner obituary | Medical research | The Guardian
Oct 14, 2010 · James Tanner, who has died aged 90. As he wrote: "A child's growth rate reflects, better than any other single index, his state of health and nutrition.
[3]
Dr. James M. Tanner, an Expert in How Children Grow, Is Dead at 90
Aug 23, 2010 · Dr. James M. Tanner, an English pediatrician who developed standards for measuring a child's development during puberty and helped define what constitutes ...
[4]
Dr. James Tanner dies at 90; doctor developed charts that define ...
Sep 11, 2010 · Dr. James M. Tanner, a British pediatrician who was among the first to study the growth of adolescents, developing charts that are still used by ...
[5]
James Mourilyan Tanner - RCP Museum
James Mourilyan ('Jim') Tanner undertook pioneering studies into the growth of children and adolescents which, among other things, demonstrated the critical ...
[6]
Professor James Tanner - The Telegraph
Oct 20, 2010 · Professor James Tanner, the paediatrician who has died aged 90, undertook pioneering studies into the growth of children and adolescents.<|separator|>
[7]
James Mourilyan Tanner 1920–2010 - Taylor & Francis Online
In 1966 Jim Tanner was appointed as the first Professor of Child Health and Growth and continued to attract many scientists working on a variety of research ...
[8]
Tanner Stages - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf - NIH
Tanner Staging, also known as Sexual Maturity Rating (SMR), is an objective classification system that providers use to document and track the development and ...
[9]
Tanner Scale - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
The Tanner scale is defined as a system that describes the external physical changes occurring during puberty in both sexes, outlining the stages of development ...
[10]
Tanner - Etymology, Origin & Meaning
"one who tans hides to make leather," late Old English tannere, agent noun from tannian (see tan (v.)), and in part from Old French taneor, tanere. By mid-12c.
[11]
Tanner Name Meaning and Tanner Family History at FamilySearch
English (southern) and Dutch: occupational name for a tanner of skins, Middle English tanner, Middle Dutch taenre.
[12]
Tanner History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms - HouseOfNames
The Tanner family name dates back to the ancient Anglo-Saxon culture of Britain. The name comes from when an early member worked as a person who worked as the ...Tanner History · Etymology · Early Origins · Spelling Variations
[13]
Tanner Surname Meaning & Tanner Family History at Ancestry.com®
Tanner Family History. Tanner Surname Meaning. English (southern) and Dutch: occupational name for a tanner of skins. Middle English tanner Middle Dutch taenre.
[14]
Tanner Surname: Meaning, Origin & Family History - SurnameDB
In stockThis is an ancient Anglo-Saxon occupational surname for someone employed as a tanner of animal skins and hides, an important skill in medieval times when ...
[15]
Tanner Surname Origin, Meaning & Last Name History - Forebears
This surname is derived from an occupation. 'the tanner,' one who tanned leather. the Frenchtan, 'the bark of a young oak, wherewith leather is tanned': ...
[16]
Tanner last name popularity, history, and meaning
Tanner is the 709th most popular name in America based on the data we have collected from the U.S. Census Bureau. The Tanner surname appeared 48,813 times in ...Popularity Of Tanner In... · The History Of The Last Name... · Race And Ethnic Origin Of...Missing: prevalence | Show results with:prevalence
[17]
TANNER Last Name Statistics by MyNameStats.com
The race and Hispanic origin distribution of the people with the name TANNER is 84.1% White, 1.6% Hispanic origin, 11.3% Black, 0.5% Asian or Pacific Islander.
[18]
Most Famous People with Last Name Tanner - #1 is Roscoe Tanner
The most famous person with last name Tanner is Roscoe Tanner. Other famous people with last name include celebrities like Virginia Tanner and Väinö Tanner.
[19]
Tanner Last Name Origin, History, and Meaning - YourRoots
The surname Tanner has origins in England, Germany, and Finland. In England, it was an occupational name for someone involved in the tannery process.<|separator|>
[20]
Tanner Name Meaning - Mama Natural
The name Tanner is of English origin and is derived from the occupation of a tanner, someone who prepares animal hides to make leather.
[21]
Tanner - Baby Name Meaning, Origin, and Popularity for a Boy
The name Tanner is a boy's name of English origin meaning "leather tanner". One of the hot two-syllable T names of the nineties.
[22]
Baby Name Uniqueness Analyzer: Tanner - data·yze
Tanner was the 358th most popular boys name and 3136th most popular girls name. · In 2021 there were 899 baby boys and only 51 baby girls named Tanner. · 1 out of ...Missing: United States
[23]
Popularity for the name Tanner - Behind the Name
Tanner (masculine) ; Year, Rank, Percent Used ; 2024, #442, 0.039 ; 2023, #432, 0.039 ; 2022, #411, 0.042.
[24]
Tanner - Baby Name, Origin, Meaning, And Popularity
The name Tanner originates from the Old French word "tanier," which means "to tan leather." This term itself derives from the Latin "tannare," which has the ...
[25]
Tanner - Baby Name Meaning, Origin and Popularity - TheBump.com
A tanner was someone who made leather from animal hides, an important job requiring strength and endurance. Tanner, from the Old English tannere, started ...<|separator|>
[26]
US ZIP Code 35671 - Tanner, Alabama Overview and Interactive Map
Oct 15, 2025 · ZIP Code Name, Tanner ; Primary County, Limestone County ; ZIP Code Type, Standard ; Population (2022), 1,526 ; Area Code(s) · 256 / 938.
[27]
Tanner, Washington (WA 98045) profile - City-Data.com
Population in 2010: 1,018. Population change since 2000: -65.7%. Males: 494, (48.6%). Females: 524 ...
[28]
Tanner, WV - West Virginia - Places - US.COM
Tanner has a population of 939 with an Average Home Value of $74000 and a Median Household Income of $58438. The Median Age for Tanner is 46.5 and the ...
[29]
How many cities are called Tanner in America? - Geotargit
There are 7 places named Tanner in America. ... All places in the world called "Tanner". Location Tanner: Alabama · Georgia · Indiana · Kentucky · Missouri ...
[30]
Tanner Trail (U.S. National Park Service)
Jan 11, 2024 · The Tanner Trail is steep, rarely maintained, and not a recommended first hike into the canyon. The only source of water is at the Colorado ...
[31]
[PDF] Tanner Trail - National Park Service
The trail descends steeply across the slope west of the bed of gully nearly all the way to the 75-Mile/Tanner Canyon saddle. A prime canyon view at the saddle ...
[32]
Tanner Rapid - Named for a Trail Builder and Miner
Tanner Rapid is named after trail builder, trader, and miner Seth Tanner.
[33]
[PDF] Escalante Route: Tanner Trail to New Hance Trail
Follow the Tanner Trail to the shoreline. Rocks placed at the trail margins make it easy to see the way across Tanner Beach and up onto the bench above the ...
[34]
[PDF] Decision Notice and Finding of No Significant Impact
Mar 3, 2015 · The large young patch in Alternative 3 will also help reduce fuel loads north of private property in the Dumbbell and Tanner Lakes area. ( ...<|separator|>
[35]
Tanner Mountain - Hiking in Portland, Oregon and Washington
Nov 30, 2019 · Tanner Mountain is a 6,298 foot prominence in the Oregon Siskiyous close to the California border. On a clear day, you'll get commanding ...
[36]
https://www.carlfriedrik.com/magazine/what-is-a-tannery
[37]
Tanning in the Seventeenth Century - National Park Service
Aug 3, 2023 · The most important part of the tanning process involved vats containing a variety of equally noxious solutions. These large containers (on the ...Missing: occupation definition
[38]
A Quick History Of The Leather Tanning Industry
From ancient times and through the 18th century, tanners used a chemical compound called tannin, derived from tree bark and certain plant leaves.Missing: occupation definition
[39]
Leather in the Middle Ages: tanning processes and leather articles
Jun 27, 2024 · During the Middle Ages, specialized professions that emerged in leather production included tanners, who processed animal hides into leather ...
[40]
Society-Lifestyle: Signs of the Times: Tanning - Colonial Sense
It was the common colonial trade of a tanner, an integral part of colonial village life. Tanning was the process of converting skins of cows, goats, calves, ...Missing: definition | Show results with:definition
[41]
The Old Occupation of Tanner - The French-Canadian Genealogist
A tanneur, or tanner, transformed animal skins into leather through the laborious process of treating hides with tan or tannin—powdered tree bark that gave the ...Missing: definition | Show results with:definition
[42]
Tanner Apprenticeship Programme | German Leather Federation
Jun 4, 2025 · Train as a leather production and tanning specialist. Learn to process raw hides into high-quality leather for various industries.
[43]
Coin Names and Their Nicknames: The Sixpence - The Royal Mint
Rating 5.0 (7) Introduced in 1551, the sixpence eventually acquired the friendly nickname 'tanner'. One of the most popular pre-decimal coins, it remains an integral part ...Missing: currency | Show results with:currency
[44]
'Old Money' in the English Language - The Britannia Coin Company
Oct 1, 2020 · The sixpence has a few nicknames, including 'tanner', which is derived from the word 'tawno', meaning 'small one', and 'bender', because ...
[45]
Did you know that on this day, June 30th, 1980, the sixpence coin ...
Jun 30, 2025 · It was a popular fixture in British pre-decimal coinage and was often given the nickname 'tanner'. The name comes from the Anglo-Romani word ' ...
[46]
Quids, Bobs, Tanners & Joeys - MJ Hughes Coins
May 1, 2017 · Tanner – a Sixpence. Sixpences (half a shilling) have been minted since 1551 and virtually continuously until decimalisation. They were very ...
[47]
https://hattonsoflondon.com/the-lucky-sixpence/
[48]
Money - The University of Nottingham
Sixpence, or 'tanner'. 1s, Shilling, or 'bob'. 2s, Two shillings, or 'florin'. 2s 6d, Half a crown. 5s, Crown. 10s, Ten shillings, or 'half sovereign'. £1, One ...
[49]
The History of Decimalisation in Britain - Historic UK
The term 'decimal currency' describes any currency that is based on one ... A sixpence (or tanner), half crown and half penny from l to r: sixpence (or ...<|separator|>
[50]
Puberty: Tanner Stages for Boys and Girls - Cleveland Clinic
The Tanner stages can serve as an excellent guide to the changes you can expect to see in your daughter. There are five stages of puberty for girls.
[51]
Physical Growth and Sexual Maturation of Adolescents - Pediatrics
Tanner staging, also known as sexual maturity rating, is a classification system that health care professionals may use to document and track the development ...Physical Growth In... · Sexual Maturation In... · Tanner Stages I To V For...Missing: biology | Show results with:biology<|separator|>
[52]
Catalogue of Minor Planet Names and Discovery Circumstances ...
Jan 18, 2003 · ... (13668) Tanner. [2.29, 0.13, 4.0]. 1997 HQ1. Discovered 1997 Apr. 28 by the Spacewatch at Kitt Peak. (* M 38362). Roger Tanner (1950- ) has ...
[53]
Tannerus - Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature
Approval Status, Adopted by IAU. Approval Date, 1935. Continent, Europe. Ethnicity, Austria. Origin, Tanner, Adam; Austrian mathematician (1572-1632).
[54]
Tanner '88 (TV Mini Series 1988) - IMDb
Rating 7.8/10 (1,013) Robert Altman and Garry "Doonesbury" Trudeau teamed up to create this unforgettable look at American politics -- an ongoing series about Tanner, a fictional ...
[55]
https://www.criterion.com/films/952-tanner-88
[56]
Tanner '88 - Rotten Tomatoes
Rating 89% (9) Tanner satirizes political campaigning in the media age. Jack Tanner is a former congressman and dark-horse candidate in a crowded field for the Democratic ...
[57]
https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/1056-tanner-88-robert-altman-s-best-for-real
[58]
Tanner on Tanner (TV Series 2004) - IMDb
Rating 6.5/10 (363) A sequel to the groundbreaking mini-series Tanner ' 88. Focusing on a documentary filmmaker seeking funding for a film about what it takes to run for the ...
[59]
Amazon.com: Tanner on Tanner
30-day returnsTanner on Tanner is a sequel to a groundbreaking mini-series Tanner ' 88. Focusing on a documentary filmmaker seeking funding for a film about what it takes ...
[60]
Tanner on Tanner - Where to Watch and Stream - TV Guide
A sequel to the groundbreaking mini-series Tanner ' 88. Focusing on a documentary filmmaker seeking funding for a film about what it takes to run for the ...
[61]
Mr. Tanner children's book - Harry Chapin Music
Harry Chapin's 1976 song “Mr. Tanner” gets a picture-book adaptation inspired by real-life events. It tells of Mr. Tanner, a “cleaner from a town in the ...
[62]
Bill Tanner - Allies :: MI6 :: The Home Of James Bond 007
Bill Tanner is a good old friend of James Bond, who he has worked with at MI6 for many years. Preferring the old days and the way things used to be done.
[63]
The Thief Who Couldn't Sleep - Lawrence Block
Evan Michael Tanner hasn't slept in more than a decade—not since a small piece of battlefield shrapnel invaded his skull and obliterated his brain's sleep ...
[64]
Tanner Novels - Lawrence Block
The Thief Who Couldn't Sleep · The Canceled Czech · Tanner's Twelve Swingers · The Scoreless Thai · Tanner's Tiger · Tanner's Virgin · Me Tanner, You Jane · Tanner on ...Missing: Michael | Show results with:Michael
[65]
Elsie Tanner - Corrie.net
The Siren of the Street throughout the 1960s, Elsie had a passion for men and got hurt by all of them. Her many lovers included Len Fairclough, Norman Lindley, ...
[66]
Full House: 10 Reasons Danny Tanner Is The Best TV Dad
Jan 19, 2022 · Compassionate, funny, patient, and kind, Danny Tanner was a role model for many for a good reason, and he might just be the best dad in television history.<|separator|>