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ADP

Automatic Data Processing, Inc. (ADP) is an American multinational corporation that provides cloud-based human capital management (HCM) solutions, including payroll processing, human resources administration, talent management, time and attendance tracking, tax compliance, and benefits outsourcing services worldwide.^[1]^[2] The company operates primarily through two segments: Employer Services, which delivers HCM platforms to businesses of varying sizes, and Professional Employer Organization (PEO) Services, which offers co-employment arrangements for small and mid-sized enterprises.^[1] Founded in 1949 by Henry Taub as a manual payroll service provider initially focused on timekeeping for New Jersey manufacturers, ADP expanded into automated data processing with early adoption of punched-card systems and mainframe computers, rebranding to its current name in 1961.^[3]^[4] Headquartered in Roseland, New Jersey, ADP serves more than 1.1 million clients across over 140 countries, employing advanced technologies to streamline workforce management while maintaining a reputation for reliability built over 75 years.^[5]^[2] Among its notable achievements, ADP has been recognized on Fortune's World's Most Admired Companies list for 19 consecutive years as of 2025, reflecting strong performance in innovation, management quality, and social responsibility.^[6] The firm has faced challenges including past data security incidents, such as a 2016 breach affecting employee tax and salary information for a limited number of clients, underscoring ongoing risks in handling sensitive payroll data.^[7]

Aviation

Adampur Airport

Adampur Airport (IATA: AIP, ICAO: VIAX) is a dual-use facility serving as both an Indian Air Force (IAF) base and a domestic civilian airport in Punjab, India, primarily supporting the regions of Jalandhar and Hoshiarpur.^[8] Located approximately 100 km from the India-Pakistan border, it functions as a frontline defense installation housing advanced fighter squadrons and air defense systems.^[9] The airport features a single runway (13/31) and a passenger terminal constructed by the Airports Authority of India at a cost of ₹18 crore (approximately $2.2 million USD as of 2010 exchange rates) in Kandola village, Jalandhar district.^[10] Established on March 16, 1950, as No. 305 Wing of the IAF, the base was redesignated No. 8 Wing in 1956 as part of post-independence expansion to bolster western air defenses.^[11] It played pivotal roles in the 1965 and 1971 Indo-Pakistani Wars, conducting sorties against Pakistani forces while repelling initial attacks; during the 1965 conflict, Pakistani Air Force strikes targeted the base on September 6, but IAF operations continued effectively from it.^[12] In May 2025, it served as a key hub for Operation Sindoor, a retaliatory IAF campaign following cross-border incidents, highlighting its ongoing strategic relevance.^[13] As India's second-largest airbase after Hindon AFS, Adampur hosts elite squadrons including No. 47 Squadron ("Black Archers") operating MiG-29 fighters and No. 223 Squadron ("Trisonics") with Su-30MKI multirole aircraft.^[14] It also deploys the S-400 Triumf surface-to-air missile system, enhancing regional air defense capabilities against aerial threats.^[15] Civilian operations are limited, with scheduled domestic flights primarily to Delhi operated by SpiceJet, though infrastructure upgrades, including a 3-km approach road, were prioritized in 2025 to improve connectivity.^[8]^[16] The base's terrain and proximity to the border make it vital for rapid response, though its dual military-civilian status requires coordinated management to balance operational security and public access.^[17]

Biochemistry

Adenosine diphosphate

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is a ribonucleotide comprising the purine nucleobase adenine, the pentose sugar ribose, and a diphosphate group esterified to the 5' carbon of the ribose.^[18] Its chemical formula is C₁₀H₁₅N₅O₁₀P₂, with a molecular weight of 427.2 g/mol.^[18] The molecule exists predominantly in ionized forms at physiological pH due to the phosphate groups' acidity, influencing its solubility and reactivity in aqueous biological environments.^[18] ADP functions primarily as an energy currency intermediate in cellular metabolism, interconverting with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to facilitate energy transfer. ATP hydrolysis to ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pᵢ) releases approximately 30.5 kJ/mol of free energy under standard conditions, powering endergonic processes such as biosynthesis, active transport, and mechanical work like muscle contraction.^[19] Conversely, ADP phosphorylation to ATP, driven by exergonic reactions in catabolism, stores this energy; this occurs via substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, or oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria where ATP synthase couples proton motive force to ADP + Pᵢ → ATP.^[20] Beyond energy homeostasis, ADP participates in regulatory signaling. In hemostasis, platelet-released ADP binds P2Y₁ and P2Y₁₂ receptors, amplifying aggregation and thrombus formation through calcium mobilization and shape change.^[21] In cytoskeletal dynamics, ADP release from myosin heads during the actomyosin cross-bridge cycle determines contraction velocity and strain sensitivity in muscle fibers.^[22] Additionally, extracellular ADP acts as a stress signal, promoting mitochondrial transfer between cells to maintain tissue homeostasis under injury.^[23] ADP levels are tightly regulated to match energy demand; elevated cytosolic ADP inhibits glycolysis at phosphofructokinase-1 while activating AMPK to enhance catabolism.^[24] The adenine nucleotide translocase exchanges mitochondrial ATP for cytosolic ADP, ensuring efficient energy distribution across membranes.^[25] Disruptions in ADP metabolism, such as in mitochondrial disorders, impair ATP production and contribute to pathologies including ischemia and neurodegeneration.^[26]

Business and organizations

Automatic Data Processing, Inc.

Automatic Data Processing, Inc. (ADP) is a multinational provider of cloud-based human capital management (HCM) solutions, specializing in payroll processing, human resources administration, talent management, benefits, time and attendance tracking, tax compliance, and business outsourcing services.^[2] ^[27] The company serves over 1.1 million clients across more than 140 countries, ranging from small businesses to large enterprises.^[28] Founded on June 14, 1949, by Henry Taub as Automatic Payrolls, Inc., a manual payroll service for small businesses in New Jersey, it expanded with the involvement of Taub's brother Joe and later Frank Lautenberg.^[3] The firm adopted its current name in 1957 after incorporating punched-card technology and early computing for data processing, and it went public in 1961 via an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange before moving to NASDAQ under the ticker symbol ADP.^[3] ^[29] Headquartered in Roseland, New Jersey, ADP employs approximately 67,000 people globally as of June 30, 2025.^[30] ADP operates primarily through two segments: Employer Services, which delivers HCM platforms including payroll and HR outsourcing, and Professional Employer Organization (PEO) Services, offering co-employment solutions for benefits and compliance.^[31] Its products, such as ADP Workforce Now and ADP RUN, integrate analytics and compliance tools to automate administrative tasks and support data-driven decision-making.^[32] The company has pursued growth through acquisitions, including payroll firms and HR tech providers, to enhance its technological capabilities and market reach, while divesting non-core assets like its dealer services unit (sold as CDK Global in 2014).^[3] Financially, ADP reported fiscal year 2025 revenue of $20.6 billion, reflecting 7% year-over-year growth driven by organic expansion and new client wins in HCM services.^[33] Net income attributable to common shareholders reached $4.08 billion, with diluted earnings per share of $10.02.^[34] As of late October 2025, ADP shares traded around $280 on NASDAQ, with a market capitalization exceeding $100 billion and analyst consensus targeting potential upside to approximately $313.^[35] Leadership is headed by Maria Black, who has served as President and Chief Executive Officer since January 2017, overseeing strategic investments exceeding $1 billion annually in HCM development.^[36] ^[37]

Actual deferral percentage

The actual deferral percentage (ADP) is a nondiscrimination test applied to elective deferral contributions in qualified cash-or-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k plans, under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code.^[38] It measures the average percentage of compensation deferred by eligible employees to prevent plans from disproportionately benefiting highly compensated employees (HCEs) over non-highly compensated employees (NHCEs).^[39] To compute the ADP, first determine each eligible employee's actual deferral ratio (ADR) by dividing their elective deferrals (including pre-tax and Roth contributions) by their compensation for the plan year, as defined in the plan document and consistent with Treasury regulations.^[38] The group ADP is then the average of these ADRs for all HCEs or NHCEs, respectively, excluding employees who elected zero deferrals unless the plan provides otherwise.-2) Compensation typically includes wages, salaries, and other reportable earnings up to the annual limit under Section 401(a)(17), which was $345,000 for the 2024 plan year.^[40] HCEs are defined as employees who, in the prior determination year, owned more than 5% of the employer or received compensation exceeding the threshold amount ($155,000 for the 2025 determination year, adjusted annually for inflation).^[40] The ADP test passes if the HCE ADP does not exceed the greater of: (1) 125% of the NHCE ADP, or (2) 200% of the NHCE ADP provided the excess over 100% does not exceed 2 percentage points.^[41] For example, if the NHCE ADP is 4%, the HCE ADP can reach up to 8% (200% of 4%) or 5% (4% + 2 points, the lesser limit in this case); if NHCE ADP is 6%, the limit is the greater of 7.5% (125%) or 8% (but capped at +2 points, so 8%).^[42] Failure of the ADP test requires corrective action to maintain the plan's qualified status, such as refunding excess deferrals to HCEs (plus earnings) by April 15 of the following year, or reallocating them via carryover or leveling methods to NHCEs.^[38] Plans may avoid testing through safe harbor designs, like providing non-elective contributions of at least 3% of compensation to NHCEs, or by limiting HCE deferrals via automatic enrollment features.^[43] The test is performed annually based on plan year data, with top-paid HCE grouping optional for employers with over 100 employees to mitigate volatility from outliers.^[44]

Computing

Automated data processing

Automated data processing (ADP) refers to the application of computer hardware, software, and algorithms to automatically collect, organize, validate, transform, store, and analyze large volumes of data with minimal human intervention.^[45] This process contrasts with manual methods by leveraging programmed instructions to handle repetitive tasks efficiently, enabling scalability for datasets exceeding human capacity.^[46] Key stages typically include data input via sensors or files, processing through sorting, calculation, or aggregation, and output in reports or databases.^[47] The foundations of ADP trace to late 19th-century mechanization, with Herman Hollerith's 1890 tabulating machines using punched cards to automate U.S. Census data aggregation, reducing processing time from years to months.^[48] Electronic ADP advanced during World War II with machines like the British Colossus (1943) for code-breaking computations, followed by the U.S. ENIAC (1945), the first general-purpose electronic computer capable of programmable data manipulation at speeds of thousands of operations per second.^[48] Commercial adoption surged in the 1950s with UNIVAC I (1951), deployed for business applications like payroll and inventory, marking the shift to centralized mainframe systems for automated batch processing.^[48] By the 1960s, integrated systems incorporated magnetic tape storage and early databases, handling millions of records daily in sectors like banking and manufacturing.^[49] Core methods in ADP include batch processing, where data accumulates for periodic execution; transaction processing for real-time updates, as in airline reservations since the 1960s SABRE system; and extract-transform-load (ETL) pipelines, formalized in the 1970s for data warehousing.^[49] Modern implementations integrate cloud platforms, with services like AWS processing petabytes daily, and AI enhancements for anomaly detection.^[50] Relative to manual data processing, ADP offers superior speed—processing gigabytes in seconds versus hours manually—and accuracy, reducing error rates from 1-4% in human entry to under 0.1% via validation algorithms.^[51] It scales economically for high volumes, cutting labor costs by up to 70% in large operations, though initial setup requires investment in hardware and programming.^[52] Drawbacks include dependency on reliable power and software, with failures potentially halting operations, as seen in early mainframe outages.^[53] Applications span industries: in finance, ADP supports algorithmic trading executing millions of transactions per minute; in healthcare, it automates electronic health records compliance under standards like HIPAA since 1996; and in logistics, real-time systems optimize supply chains, as with UPS's ORION software saving 100 million miles annually by 2015.^[54] Ongoing evolution incorporates machine learning for predictive processing, addressing big data challenges from IoT sensors generating 79 zettabytes globally in 2025.^[50]

Linguistics

Adap language

Adap is a dialect of Dzongkha, the national language of Bhutan, spoken primarily in south-central Bhutan, including Ada village in Wangdue Phodrang District between Damphu and Shemgang.^[55] It belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family, within the Tibeto-Burman branch and the Central Bodish subgroup.^[55] Linguistically, Adap shares 77% lexical similarity with standard Dzongkha, indicating close mutual intelligibility as a regional variety.^[56] The dialect's ISO 639-3 code, adp, was deprecated on January 12, 2015, and officially merged into dzo (Dzongkha), reflecting expert consensus on its status as a non-distinct language.^[57] Speaker numbers for Adap are limited, with estimates associating around 300 individuals with the Adap community, who primarily use Dzongkha.^[58] Like other Dzongkha varieties, it employs the Tibetan script for writing, though documentation remains sparse due to its small scale and integration within broader Dzongkha usage.^[59]

Numismatics

Andorran peseta

The Andorran peseta (ADP) served as the de facto currency of Andorra from the early 20th century until 31 December 2001, subdivided into 100 céntimos and maintained at a fixed 1:1 parity with the Spanish peseta (ESP). Although Andorra lacked a central bank and relied primarily on Spanish peseta banknotes and coins for circulation—supplemented by French francs due to the country's co-principality status with France—the ADP designation reflected its official adoption for local transactions, government accounting, and international coding (ISO 4217: ADP). This arrangement stemmed from Andorra's economic ties to Spain, where the peseta predominated over the franc in daily use.^[60]^[61]^[62] In 1936, amid the Spanish Civil War's disruptions, Andorra issued its first distinct currency items: two series of small-denomination banknotes known as "pessettes andorranes," each pegged to the Spanish peseta and printed in limited quantities for emergency local circulation. Coinage followed briefly in 1936–1937, with silver issues of 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 pesetas minted at low volumes (e.g., under 1,000 pieces for most denominations), featuring designs such as the Andorran coat of arms and intended for both circulation and commemoration, though their scarcity limited widespread use. These early emissions marked Andorra's only substantive pre-euro coin production for potential everyday tender, contrasting with the dominant importation of Spanish coins.^[63]^[61] From the 1970s onward, Andorra produced annual non-circulating legal tender coin sets in peseta denominations, primarily for collectors, including proof-quality pieces in copper-nickel, silver, and gold (e.g., 100, 200, and 500 pesetas honoring historical figures or events), but these did not enter general commerce and served numismatic rather than monetary functions. Standard circulating denominations mirrored the Spanish peseta system: coins of 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 céntimos, plus 1, 5, 25, 100, 200, 300, and 500 pesetas; banknotes ranged from 500 to 10,000 pesetas, all sourced from Spain. No independent Andorran banknote series beyond 1936 circulated post-war.^[64]^[61] Andorra unilaterally adopted the euro on 1 January 2002 at the irrevocable conversion rate of 1 EUR = 166.386 ADP, with peseta coins and notes exchangeable in Spain until 28 February 2022 via the Bank of Spain. This transition aligned Andorra with neighboring economies, though formal EU monetary agreement for euro coin issuance came later in 2011, effective 2013. The peseta's obsolescence ended Andorra's reliance on dual currencies, stabilizing trade without inflation discrepancies from the franc-peseta parity.^[60]^[61]

People

Individuals with initials A. D. P.

Ambalal Dahyabhai Patel (13 March 1905 – 1 October 1969), known as A. D. Patel, was an Indo-Fijian barrister, farmers' leader, and politician who played a key role in advocating for democratic governance and the rights of indentured laborers' descendants in colonial Fiji.^[65] Arriving in Fiji in 1928 after qualifying as a barrister in London, Patel established a legal practice and became involved in community organizations, representing cane farmers against exploitative contracts with the Colonial Sugar Refining Company.^[66] He co-founded the Farmers' Union in 1937 and led strikes, such as the 1943 action involving over 2,000 farmers, to demand fair prices and better conditions.^[67] In politics, Patel entered the Legislative Council in 1947 as an elected Indian member and pushed for universal suffrage, leading to its implementation in 1963 with 3,716 voters participating in initial trials.^[65] He founded the National Federation Party in 1964, emphasizing multiracial democracy and opposition to communal representation, which positioned it as a major force against the Alliance Party in the lead-up to Fiji's independence in 1970.^[68] His campaigns, including a 1968 no-confidence motion against the government, highlighted tensions over power-sharing but contributed to constitutional reforms granting equal voting rights regardless of ethnicity.^[67] Patel's legacy includes compiling speeches and writings that outlined a vision for equitable land tenancy and political inclusion, influencing post-colonial Fijian discourse despite his death shortly before independence.^[65]

Politics and government

Political parties and alliances named ADP

The Action Democratic Party (ADP) is a Nigerian political party registered with the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC).^[69] It operates as an opposition entity among Nigeria's registered parties, with national chairman Yabagi Sani Yusuf leading its efforts to promote democratic participation and policy reforms.^[69] The party fielded Yabagi as its presidential candidate in the 2023 general elections, emphasizing commitments to citizen freedoms and national development as outlined in its manifesto.^[70]^[71] The Azerbaijan Democrat Party (ADP) is a registered political party in Azerbaijan that engages in electoral politics.^[72] It has participated in parliamentary elections under the oversight of the Central Election Commission, submitting candidates and agents for verification processes dating back to at least 2013.^[72] The party has undergone shifts in its political orientation in recent years, as reported by domestic news outlets.^[73] The Alliance for Democracy and Progress (ADP) was a coalition of over 40 Malian political parties formed to support Amadou Toumani Touré's presidential candidacy.^[74] In the 2002 election, Touré, running under the ADP banner, secured 71 percent of the vote in the second round.^[74] Affiliated ADP parties gained representation in the National Assembly following the 2007 legislative elections, contributing to the coalition's influence during Touré's tenure.^[75] The alliance functioned primarily as a supportive grouping rather than a unified party structure.^[76]

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Dec 9, 2023 · The Andorran Peseta was used for much of the 20th century. It was replaced by the Euro on January 1, 2002, when Andorra, along with several ...Missing: history | Show results with:history
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O'Brien Obsolete Currency Guide: Andorra
Jan 7, 2020 · Andorra lacked a currency of its own and used both the French franc and the Spanish peseta in banking transactions until 31 December 1999.
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Currency Information Spanish Peseta - ExchangeRate.com
The Andorran peseta (ADP) was a 1:1 peg to the Spanish peseta. As Andorra used coins and banknotes from Spain, there was no separate Andorran peseta, and they ...<|control11|><|separator|>
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Items from Andorra - Numista
All coins from Andorra, presented with pictures, descriptions and more ... Peseta (1936-1937). 1 Peseta = 100 Centimos. 10 Céntimos (Pattern) ...
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A Vision for Change: Speeches and Writings of AD Patel, 1929-1969
This collection of the writings and speeches of one of Fiji's greatest statesmen, the late Mr AD Patel, points to a different future.
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A.D. Patel arrived in Fiji on 11 October 1928. By then, Fiji had been a colony of. Great Britain for exactly 54 years, its social, economic and political ...
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Opinion: A.D.Patel's significance in Fiji's political history
Oct 16, 2021 · Mr Patel's campaign provoked the dangerous crisis of August 1968, an iTaukei protest movement that almost erupted in widespread inter-ethnic ...
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A Vision for Change: AD Patel and the Politics of Fiji - jstor
AD Patel arrived in Fiji on 11 October 1928. By then, Fiji had been a colony of Great Britain for exactly 54 years, its social, economic and political ...
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Action Democratic Party (ADP) - INEC
Party Logo. ADP, Action Democratic Party. National Chairman, ENGR. YABAGI YUSUF SANI. National Secretary, VICTOR FINGESI. National Treasurer, PST. OKEY UDOH.
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[PDF] ADP Manifesto - INEC
Action – Forward!!! Page 6. PARTY MANIFESTO ……….Action – Forward! Page 6 of 37. 1. ADP COMMITMENT. ADP will ensure that all citizens: Will be free to achieve ...
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Central Election Comission of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan Democrat Party. Chairman of Azerbaijan Democrat Party. 29.08.13. Decision 22/129 31.08.13. 01.09.13. 09.09.13. Decision · 27/153 13.09.2013 ...Missing: official | Show results with:official<|separator|>
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Azerbaijan Democrat Party changes political course - APA
Azerbaijan Democrat Party changes political course · Next session of Azerbaijan's Milli Majlis scheduled for October 17 · Azerbaijani PM: Government attaches ...
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Freedom in the World 2010 - Mali | Refworld
May 3, 2010 · Toure, running as the candidate of the Alliance for Democracy and Progress (ADP) coalition, was reelected with 71 percent of the second ...
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MALI (Assemblée Nationale) ELECTIONS IN 2007
The following parties of the Alliance for Democracy and Progress (ADP) entered the newly elected National Assembly: - Alliance for Democracy in Mali-African ...
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[PDF] Polity IV Country Report 2010: Mali - Systemic Peace
Jun 1, 2011 · In the July 2007 elections President Toure's ruling coalition, the Alliance for Democracy and Progress, strengthened his hold on parliament, ...