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Allen

Allen is a Celtic surname of great antiquity, derived from the Breton name Alan, meaning "little rock" or "handsome". It originated in Scotland and Ireland and is common in English-speaking countries. It is also used as a masculine given name. Notable people with this name include the American filmmaker Woody Allen (born 1935). The term may also refer to places, businesses, organizations, arts, transportation, institutions, and other uses, as detailed in the following sections.

People

Surname

Allen is a common surname of English origin, borne by numerous notable individuals across various fields including arts, science, business, and sports. Woody Allen (born November 30, 1935) is an American filmmaker, actor, and comedian renowned for directing and starring in introspective comedies such as Annie Hall (1977), which won four Academy Awards.^[1] Ethan Allen (January 21, 1738 – February 12, 1789) was an American Revolutionary War patriot, military leader of the Green Mountain Boys, and key figure in the founding of the Vermont Republic, famously capturing Fort Ticonderoga in 1775.^[2] Paul Allen (January 21, 1953 – October 15, 2018) was an American entrepreneur, investor, and philanthropist who co-founded Microsoft Corporation with Bill Gates in 1975, contributing to the development of personal computing software.^[3] Marcus Allen (born March 26, 1960) is a retired American football running back who played 16 seasons in the NFL, primarily with the Los Angeles Raiders, earning the 1985 NFL MVP award and induction into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2003 for his 12,243 rushing yards and versatility.^[4] Edgar Allen (May 2, 1892 – February 3, 1943) was an American anatomist and endocrinologist who, through experiments on mice in the 1920s, identified the role of ovarian hormones in the estrous cycle and co-discovered estrogen, laying foundational work for reproductive endocrinology.^[5] In recent years, Mike Allen (born June 21, 1964) has emerged as a prominent political journalist and co-founder of the news outlet Axios in 2016, known for his influential newsletters and coverage of U.S. politics and policy.^[6])

Given name

Allen Ginsberg (June 3, 1926 – April 5, 1997) was an American poet and a central figure in the Beat Generation, renowned for his epic poem Howl (1956), which critiqued materialism and conformity in post-World War II America and became a landmark of countercultural literature.^[7] His work often explored themes of spirituality, sexuality, and social protest, influencing generations of writers and activists through collections like Kaddish (1961) and his advocacy for free speech during the obscenity trial surrounding Howl.^[7] Allen Iverson (born June 7, 1975) is an American former professional basketball player who played 14 seasons in the NBA, primarily with the Philadelphia 76ers, where he won the league MVP award in 2001 and led the team to the NBA Finals that year.^[8] Nicknamed "The Answer," Iverson was celebrated for his explosive scoring, crossover dribble, and cultural impact as a style icon, amassing over 24,000 career points despite his 6-foot frame, and he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2016.^[8] Allan Pinkerton (August 25, 1819 – July 1, 1884), who used the pseudonym E.J. Allen during Civil War intelligence operations, was a Scottish-American detective and abolitionist who founded the Pinkerton National Detective Agency in 1850, pioneering modern private investigation techniques such as undercover operations and the agency's motto "We Never Sleep."^[9] He gained fame for foiling an assassination plot against Abraham Lincoln in 1861 and providing intelligence to the Union Army during the Civil War, while his agency later pursued notorious outlaws like Jesse James, establishing a legacy in American law enforcement.^[9]^[10] In the 2020s, Allen Leech (born May 18, 1981) has been a prominent Irish actor, earning acclaim for portraying Tom Branson in the television series Downton Abbey (2010–2015, 2019 film) and supporting roles in films like Bohemian Rhapsody (2018) as Paul Prenter and The Imitation Game (2014) as John Cairncross, contributing to his recognition in both period dramas and biopics.^[11] Similarly, Allen Stone (born March 13, 1987) is an American soul and R&B musician from Washington state, known for his Stevie Wonder-influenced falsetto and albums such as Allen Stone (2011) and APART (2021), which blend gospel, funk, and pop, earning him Grammy nominations and tours with artists like James Taylor.^[12]

Places

Ireland

Allenwood is a village in County Kildare, Ireland, situated on the Grand Canal at the junction of the R415 and R403 regional roads, approximately 47 km west of Dublin. It forms part of the Athy Municipal District within Kildare County Council jurisdiction. The 2022 census recorded a population of 1,685 residents, marking a 71.8% increase from 2016 and reflecting rapid growth driven by its proximity to Dublin and rural appeal.^[13] Historically, Allenwood developed alongside the Grand Canal, completed between 1804 and its extension in the early 19th century, which boosted local trade in peat and agriculture from the surrounding Bog of Allen. The village saw significant expansion in the mid-20th century with the construction of the Allenwood Generating Station between 1949 and 1952, a 40 MW peat-fired power plant that employed local workers until its demolition in 1997. Today, Allenwood includes community facilities like primary schools established in 1929 and 1957, and it serves as a hub for the nearby townlands of Allenwood North, South, and Middle in the civil parish of Kilmeague.^[14]^[15] The parish of Allen, also in County Kildare, encompasses a small village of the same name on the R415 between Kilmeage and Milltown, administered under Kildare County Council. This rural area, part of the Diocese of Kildare and Leighlin, features the Allen Parish Church and is bordered by townlands such as Painestown and Kilcock. Its historical roots trace to medieval ecclesiastical divisions, with records from the 17th century onward.^[16]^[17] Lough Allen (Irish: Loch Aillionn) is a lake spanning primarily County Leitrim and partially County Roscommon, forming the uppermost reservoir on the River Shannon in northeastern Connacht. Measuring 11.2 km long and up to 8 km wide, it covers roughly 35 km² and supports ecosystems for fishing, boating, and wildlife, including salmon and trout populations. Since the 1920s, it has functioned as a key storage reservoir for the Ardnacrusha hydroelectric scheme operated by ESB, regulating water flow for power generation downstream. The lake's shores host prehistoric archaeological sites, underscoring its long human occupation.

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, locations named Allen are primarily found in England, with notable examples in Northumberland and Cornwall, reflecting historical ties to mining, agriculture, and early Christian settlements. These places developed in distinct regional contexts, often as small rural communities shaped by their natural resources and medieval land ownership patterns. Allenheads, located in the Pennines north of Weardale in Northumberland, originated as a lead mining settlement, with extraction activities likely beginning in the 16th century under early operators before reaching its zenith in the 18th and 19th centuries.^[18] The village became the heart of the most productive lead mining district in the North Pennines, managed by the W. B. Lead Company, which exploited mineral veins formed around 290 million years ago from hydrothermal fluids associated with the Weardale Granite intrusion.^[18] Key developments included the construction of the Blackett Level adit in 1855, which facilitated drainage and access until its abandonment in 1903, and the nearby Killhope Mine, one of Britain's richest lead producers in the 1870s, operating until 1910.^[19] By the late 20th century, mining transitioned to fluorspar at Groverake Mine, which closed in 1999 as the last commercial operation of its kind in the region.^[19] Today, Allenheads is a small village emphasizing heritage tourism, featuring the Allenheads Heritage Centre established in 1988 within a former chapel, preserved Grade II-listed bouse teams from the 1860s for ore processing, and repurposed buildings like the Primitive Methodist Chapel now serving as an outdoor activity center.^[19] The surrounding landscape retains visible mining remnants, such as shafts, washing floors, and hillside spoil heaps, supporting geotourism within the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.^[18] West Allen, a civil parish in southwest Northumberland also within the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, was formally created on April 1, 1897, from the western portion of the larger Allendale parish, encompassing remote dales along the West Allen River tributary.^[20] Its history is intertwined with lead mining, similar to Allenheads, with early activities documented from the medieval period onward, though industrial-scale operations intensified in the 18th century under estates like the Beaumont family.^[21] The parish's St. Mark's Church at Ninebanks, constructed in 1764 as a chapel of ease to Allendale, gained independent parish status in 1767 to serve the growing mining population.^[22] Currently, West Allen remains sparsely populated and rural, focused on conservation and outdoor pursuits, with no major settlements but including hamlets like Ninebanks that preserve mining-era architecture and contribute to the region's ecological heritage.^[23] St Allen, a civil parish in Cornwall between Truro and Perranporth, represents an agricultural heartland with roots in pre-Norman ecclesiastical history, named after the early Christian saint Alunus (or Alleyne), whose dedication dates to at least the 12th century.^[24] The parish church, built in the late 1100s following the Norman Conquest, initially comprised a nave and chancel, with a south aisle added in the 15th century; it served as a central feature amid medieval farms, many of which persist today.^[24] The manor of Cargoll, incorporating St Allen, was held by the Bishops of Exeter from 1269, with earlier ties to Norman landowners like the Bevill family, who established it as a seat after the 1066 invasion.^[25] Parish registers begin in 1680, recording a community supplemented by Nonconformist chapels established by Wesleyan Methodists and Bible Christians by the 1870s.^[26] In modern times, St Allen is a rural parish with Zelah as its primary settlement, emphasizing farming and limited tourism around its isolated historic church, which continues active worship despite the area's low population density.^[27] Smaller sites include Allen End, a hamlet in the civil parish of Middleton, Warwickshire, near the River Tame, which emerged as a minor rural outpost in the medieval period but lacks extensive documented development beyond agricultural use.^[28] It features prehistoric burnt mounds indicating early human activity but remains a quiet residential area today with no significant industry or landmarks.^[28]

United States

In the United States, the name Allen is commonly applied to various municipalities, counties, and townships, reflecting historical ties to early settlers, military figures, and railroad development across the country. These places often emerged during the 19th-century expansion westward, with many honoring individuals like Colonel John Allen, a Kentucky legislator killed in the War of 1812, or Ebenezer Allen, a Texas attorney general and railroad advocate.^[29]^[30] Among the most prominent cities is Allen in Collin County, Texas, a rapidly growing suburb north of Dallas. Established in 1870 by agents of the Houston and Texas Central Railway to support rail expansion and named in 1872 for Ebenezer Allen, the community transitioned from cotton farming to a modern economy driven by technology and retail. Its population reached 104,627 by the 2020 United States Census, marking a 24.3% increase from 2010 and underscoring its role in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex's suburban boom; as of 2024, the estimated population is 113,746.^[30]^[31]^[32] Another notable urban area is Allen Park, a city in Wayne County, Michigan, just south of Detroit. Incorporated in 1927 amid the automotive industry's rise, it developed as a residential community for factory workers, with Ford Motor Company playing a key role in local employment. The 2020 Census recorded a population of 28,638; as of 2023, the estimated population is 28,128.^[33] Smaller towns like Allen in Pontotoc and Hughes counties, Oklahoma, highlight rural American settlement patterns tied to railroads and resource extraction. Founded in 1882 by settlers including Dr. John Trigg Gilmore near Cold Springs and named for Allen McCall, son of U.S. Marshal William McCall, the town relocated in 1909 to align with the Missouri, Oklahoma and Gulf Railway. An oil discovery in 1913 triggered a boom, boosting its population from 645 in 1910 to 1,389 by 1930, though it later stabilized around agriculture and petroleum; the 2020 Census counted 805 residents.^[34] Several counties bear the name Allen, often established in the early 19th century during territorial organization. Allen County, Kentucky, formed in 1815 from Barren and Warren counties and named for Colonel John Allen, encompasses 340 square miles of farmland in south-central Kentucky, with Scottsville as its seat; its population was 20,588 in 2020.^[35] Similarly, Allen County, Indiana—the state's largest by area at 655 square miles—was organized on April 1, 1824, from Delaware and Randolph counties, also honoring Colonel John Allen, and serves as home to Fort Wayne; it had 385,410 residents in 2020, with an estimated 399,295 as of 2024.^[29]^[36] Other Allen counties exist in states like Kansas (established 1855, population 12,526 in 2020) and Ohio (1820, 102,206 in 2020), each reflecting distinct regional histories from frontier agriculture to industrial growth. Townships named Allen appear in multiple states, such as Allen Township in Northampton County, Pennsylvania (population 5,462 in 2020), which traces to early German settlers, or Allen Township in Ottawa County, Ohio, a rural agricultural community emphasizing Great Lakes proximity. These smaller divisions often preserve local governance structures from 19th-century land surveys.

Elsewhere

Allen, officially known as the Municipality of Allen, is located in the province of Northern Samar in the Eastern Visayas region of the Philippines. It serves as a key transportation hub connecting Samar Island to Luzon via ferry services across the San Bernardino Strait, facilitating inter-island travel and commerce since the pre-World War II era when motorboats were the primary mode of transport.^[37] The area was first settled by people from Capul Island before the late 17th century and was initially organized as a sitio within the Principality of Capul under Spanish colonial rule, reflecting the broader pattern of Spanish colonization in the archipelago that integrated local settlements into administrative structures for resource extraction and Christianization.^[38] Today, it is governed by a municipal mayor and council under the Local Government Code of 1991, with a population of 25,228 as of the 2020 census, emphasizing its role in regional agriculture, particularly pili nut production, which holds cultural significance as a local economic staple.^[39] In Australia, Allenstown is an inner suburb of Rockhampton in Queensland, situated approximately 1.6 kilometers southwest of the city center along the Fitzroy River. Established around 1862 and named after local builder William Allen, who sold land blocks for development following his return from the goldfields, the suburb reflects 19th-century British colonial expansion in Queensland, where land allocation supported urban growth and agriculture.^[40] It is administered as part of the Rockhampton Regional Council, with a focus on residential living and community services, including Allenstown State School, which serves primary education needs and underscores the area's family-oriented cultural fabric.^[40] Allen is a city in the Río Negro province of Argentina, positioned in the Alto Valle del Río Negro irrigation district on the northern bank of the Negro River, about 16 kilometers from its confluence with the Neuquén River. Founded in the early 20th century as part of national colonization efforts to develop arid lands through irrigation canals, it was named after engineer César Allen, who contributed to the valley's hydraulic infrastructure under Spanish and later Argentine governance.^[41] The municipal government, led by an intendente and deliberative council, oversees a population of 31,864 as of the 2022 census, with the local economy centered on fruit production—particularly apples and pears—that holds cultural importance in the Patagonian harvest festivals and export trade.^[42]^[43] In South Africa, Allen Grove is a residential suburb within Kempton Park in the Gauteng province, located north of Johannesburg's central business district. Developed in the post-apartheid era as part of urban expansion in the East Rand, it falls under the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, which manages local services like water and sanitation amid the region's diverse, multicultural communities shaped by mining history and migration.^[44] The area emphasizes suburban living with proximity to industrial zones, contributing to Gauteng's economic hub status without notable unique cultural landmarks. Allen's Cay, in the Bahamas' Exuma Cays archipelago, is a small uninhabited island renowned for its population of endangered Allen's rock iguanas, which are culturally significant as a symbol of Bahamian biodiversity and attract ecotourism. Protected within the Exuma Cays Land and Sea Park under the Bahamas National Trust since 1959, the cay's governance involves federal environmental regulations to preserve its coral reefs and native wildlife, stemming from British colonial conservation policies adapted post-independence.^[45]

Businesses and organizations

Companies

Allen-Bradley was an American manufacturer of industrial automation equipment, founded in 1903 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, by inventors Dr. Stanton Allen and Lynde Bradley with an initial investment of $1,000 to produce compression rheostats for electric motors.^[46] The company expanded into electrical controls, relays, and later programmable logic controllers (PLCs), becoming a leader in factory automation; by the 1980s, it employed over 10,000 people and generated annual revenues exceeding $1 billion.^[47] In 1985, Rockwell International acquired Allen-Bradley for $1.651 billion, the largest corporate acquisition in Wisconsin history at the time, integrating it into what is now Rockwell Automation.^[48] Allen & Unwin is a prominent independent publishing house originating from the United Kingdom, established in 1914 when Stanley Unwin acquired the firm George Allen & Sons (founded 1871), which had merged with Swan Sonnenschein in 1911.^[49] Headquartered in London, the company gained international renown for publishing J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit (1937) and The Lord of the Rings trilogy (1954–1955), alongside works in history, fiction, and children's literature; it expanded to Australia in 1976 as a subsidiary, now operating independently from Sydney. Today, Allen & Unwin continues as a family-owned entity focused on literary and commercial titles, with a catalog emphasizing Australian and international authors.^[50] Allen Systems Group (ASG Technologies) is a software company specializing in enterprise information management and IT operations for mainframe environments, founded in 1986 by Arthur L. Allen in Naples, Florida.^[51] With initial funding of $2,000 and a $100,000 loan, ASG developed tools like ShopMon (now ASG-PreMon) for monitoring IBM IDMS databases, evolving into a suite of products for data governance, compliance, and automation that serve Fortune 500 clients.^[52] The firm has undergone multiple ownership changes and was acquired by Rocket Software in 2021; as of 2022, it closed its Naples headquarters and operates as a subsidiary of Rocket Software with global reach in IT service management.^[53] Allens is Australia's oldest law firm, established in 1822 by George Allen in Sydney as a sole practice in colonial New South Wales, initially focusing on conveyancing and probate work.^[54] Headquartered in Sydney with offices across Australia and internationally, the firm formed a strategic alliance with Linklaters in 2012, operating independently while collaborating on corporate, mergers and acquisitions, and dispute resolution services to major infrastructure and financial projects.^[55] It has advised on landmark transactions, including the privatization of airports and energy reforms, maintaining a legacy of over 200 years in commercial law.^[56] Allen & Company is a boutique investment bank based in New York City, founded in 1922 by Charles Robert Allen Jr. as a securities underwriting firm during the post-World War I economic boom.^[57] Specializing in mergers and acquisitions within media, entertainment, and technology sectors, the privately held company, led by Herbert Allen Jr. since 1977, organizes the annual Allen & Company Sun Valley Conference, a key networking event for tech and media executives.^[58] With fewer than 100 employees, it has facilitated high-profile deals like the sale of Pixar to Disney, emphasizing long-term relationships over broad market share.^[59]

Other organizations

The Allen Institute is an independent, nonprofit bioscience research organization dedicated to accelerating scientific discoveries in brain science, cell science, immunology, and related fields to advance understanding of health and disease.^[60] Founded in 2003 with an initial $100 million commitment from philanthropist Paul G. Allen, it has grown to encompass multiple programs, including the production of comprehensive brain atlases and open-access datasets that support global research efforts.^[61] By 2025, the institute had joined collaborative networks like the Weill Neurohub to advance treatments for neurological disorders and partnered with organizations such as the New York Stem Cell Foundation to promote inclusive cellular biology research.^[62]^[63] Allen Community College, located in Iola, Kansas, serves as a public two-year institution offering associate degrees, certificates, and transfer programs in areas such as agriculture, nursing, and liberal arts.^[64] Established in 1923 as Iola Junior College under the Iola Public Schools Board of Education, it has expanded to include multiple campuses and online learning options while maintaining a commitment to accessible education and community support services.^[65] As of 2025, the college emphasizes workforce development through initiatives like accelerated degree pathways and partnerships with universities for early acceptance programs, enrolling hundreds of students annually in a supportive learning environment.^[66] Several historical societies bearing the name Allen operate as nonprofit organizations focused on cultural preservation. The Allen Historical Society in Allen, Maryland, a 501(c)(3) entity, aims to preserve and enhance the history and culture of the village and its surroundings while providing educational opportunities for residents and visitors.^[67] Its key initiatives include maintaining a local museum open on select weekends, hosting special events such as open houses, and publishing newsletters like "The Allen Historian" to document community heritage; in 2025, it continued these efforts with events like the November open house at its museum on Allen Road.^[68]^[69] Similarly, the Allen County Historical Society in Lima, Ohio, operates the Allen County Museum to collect, preserve, and interpret regional history through exhibitions and programs that engage the public in cultural education.^[70] Up to 2025, its initiatives have featured ongoing exhibits on local families and heritage, supported by donations and volunteer efforts to sustain programming that highlights Allen County's past.^[71]

Arts and entertainment

Film and television

In film, Allen is an upcoming Australian feature film produced for Netflix, announced on July 23, 2025, and currently in production in Queensland. Directed by the Emmy and BAFTA award-winning team at Ludo Studio—known for the animated series Bluey—the film is described as a heartwarming and nostalgic tale of friendship, adventure, and redemption, set against the backdrop of a coastal town. It is supported by Screen Queensland and Screen Australia, with a planned release in 2026.^[72]^[73] In television, several series feature "Allen" in their titles, spanning genres from science fiction to comedy. The Journey of Allen Strange is an American live-action series that premiered on Nickelodeon on November 8, 1997, and ran for three seasons until April 23, 2000.^[74] Created by Thomas W. Lynch, it centers on an alien teenager named Allen Strange (played by Hynden Walch) who crash-lands on Earth after his home planet is destroyed and assumes a human identity while hiding from government agents; the show aired as part of the SNICK programming block and explored themes of adaptation and secrecy. Allen Gregory is an adult animated sitcom that debuted on Fox on October 30, 2011, created by Jonah Hill, Jarrad Paul, and Andrew Mogel. The series follows the dysfunctional DeLongpre family, led by the insufferably precocious seven-year-old title character Allen Gregory (voiced by Jonah Hill), who navigates school and family life with exaggerated entitlement; it ran for one season of seven episodes before cancellation.^[75] The Allen Show, a comedy web series launched in 2017, stars creator Allen Benson as a fictionalized version of himself who gains teleportation powers and documents his misadventures through vlog-style episodes, blending humor with sci-fi elements; it released multiple seasons on YouTube through 2021.^[76] Notable characters named Allen in film and television include Allen the Alien, a prominent superhero from the Invincible franchise. Voiced by Seth Rogen in the Amazon Prime Video animated series (premiered March 25, 2021, and ongoing), Allen is a Unopan warrior who serves as a key member of the Coalition of Planets, aiding the hero Invincible against interstellar threats; the character originates from Robert Kirkman's Image Comics series (2003–2018) and embodies themes of resilience and intergalactic diplomacy.

Music and literature

In music, "Allentown" stands out as a prominent song by Billy Joel, serving as the lead track on his 1982 album The Nylon Curtain and addressing themes of industrial decline in Pennsylvania's steel towns.^[77] The track, released as a single, peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100 and earned Grammy nominations for its poignant lyrics and piano-driven arrangement.^[78] The Allen Collins Band, formed in 1983, represented a key southern rock ensemble led by Lynyrd Skynyrd co-founder Allen Collins following the latter band's hiatus. Active until 1984, the group released one self-titled album featuring tracks like "Tallahassee," blending hard rock with the gritty style of its predecessors. In literature, Allen Klein: The Man Who Bailed Out the Beatles, Made the Stones, and Transformed Rock & Roll (2015) by Fred Goodman provides a detailed biography of the influential music manager Allen Klein, drawing on archival materials to explore his role in negotiating deals for major acts like the Beatles and Rolling Stones.^[79] The book highlights Klein's aggressive business tactics and their impact on the rock industry during the 1960s and 1970s. Notable literary characters named Allen include Allan Quatermain, the adventurous hunter and explorer introduced by H. Rider Haggard in the 1885 novel King Solomon's Mines, who embodies Victorian-era ideals of imperialism and discovery across a series of sequels.^[80] Similarly, Mrs. Allen appears in Jane Austen's Northanger Abbey (1817) as the affable but somewhat oblivious wife of a Bath physician, acting as a lax chaperone to the young protagonist Catherine Morland amid social satire on gothic novels and provincial life.^[81]

Transportation

Vehicles and rolling stock

In naval history, several United States Navy vessels have borne the name USS Allen. The first, USS Allen (DD-66), was a Sampson-class destroyer built by the Bath Iron Works in Bath, Maine, laid down on 10 May 1915 and launched on 5 December 1915. She was commissioned on 24 January 1917, displacing 1,071 tons with a length of 315 feet 3 inches, and armed with four 4-inch guns, one 1-pounder gun, and twelve 21-inch torpedo tubes. During World War I, she conducted convoy escort duties in the Atlantic, and in World War II, she served as a convoy escort and training ship before being decommissioned on 15 October 1945 and sold for scrap in 1946.^[82] Another notable vessel was USS Allen M. Sumner (DD-692), the lead ship of her class, built by the Federal Shipbuilding & Drydock Company in Kearny, New Jersey, and commissioned on 26 January 1944. Named for Marine Corps Captain Allen Melancthon Sumner, this 2,200-ton destroyer featured advanced anti-aircraft capabilities with six 5-inch/38 caliber guns and participated in Pacific Theater operations during World War II, earning five battle stars, as well as service in the Korean and Vietnam Wars. She was decommissioned on 15 August 1973 and scrapped in 1974.^[83] In rail transport, locomotives named Allen include the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) Peppercorn Class A1 No. 60114 W.P. Allen, constructed in 1948 at Doncaster Works by British Railways as part of a post-war rebuilding program. Named after trade union leader William Philip Allen in a ceremony at King's Cross on 28 October 1948, this 4-6-2 Pacific locomotive hauled express services such as the Flying Scotsman and Tees-Tyne Pullman, accumulating over a million miles in service before withdrawal on 26 December 1964 and scrapping in 1965.^[84] Another example is the Ebenezer Allen No. 20, a 2-8-0 Consolidation-type steam locomotive built in 1910 by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) for the Houston and Texas Central Railroad. Named in honor of early Texas settler and railway pioneer Ebenezer Allen, who chartered the Galveston and Red River Railway in 1848, it operated freight services in Texas until preservation efforts led to its restoration and display at the Allen Train Depot in Allen, Texas, since 2022.^[85] Early 20th-century automobiles named Allen were produced by several small manufacturers. The Allen Motor Company of Fostoria, Ohio, operated from 1913 to 1921, building mid-range touring cars powered by 3.1-liter side-valve four-cylinder Sommers engines, with models like the 1918 Model 37 offering 30 horsepower and seating for five in open or enclosed bodies. A surviving 1918 example is preserved at the Fostoria Area Historical Society Museum, highlighting the firm's focus on affordable, reliable vehicles during the brass era.^[86] Additionally, the Allen Kingston, manufactured by the New York Car and Truck Company from 1908 to 1910 under founder Walter Allen, featured high-performance models such as the 48-horsepower Model H racer, which competed in events like the 1908 Meadowbrook Sweepstakes. Priced at around $3,090 for the sports variant and $4,250 for the runabout, production ceased after financial difficulties, with fewer than 100 units estimated to have been built.^[87]

Infrastructure

Allen Army Airfield, located near Delta Junction in Alaska, was established in June 1942 during World War II as a key facility for ferrying aircraft to the Soviet Union via the Alaska-Siberia route.^[88] Originally known as Big Delta Army Air Base, it supported lend-lease operations and later became integral to Fort Greely, providing operational support for the Ground Based Midcourse Defense System.^[89] The airfield features a 7,000-foot runway and connects to regional road networks, facilitating military logistics in the Arctic environment.^[89] Port Allen Airport in Kauai, Hawaii, serves as a general aviation facility established in the early 1920s, with significant expansions during World War II for military use.^[90] It features a 3,500-foot runway and supports scenic tours, ultralight operations, and skydiving, connecting to local highways like Highway 50 for access to the island's southwestern coast.^[90] Allen Road in St. Clair County, Michigan, is a major east-west arterial road that intersects Interstate 69, providing connectivity between rural areas and urban centers like Port Huron. A $2.1 million bridge rehabilitation project over the interstate, started in March 2025, was completed in November 2025.^[91]^[92] In Wayne County, the road undergoes grade separation improvements, with construction of a new rail bridge over Allen Road anticipated for completion in spring 2027 to eliminate at-grade railroad crossings and reduce traffic delays.^[93] Allen Parkway in Houston, Texas, constructed between 1925 and 1926 as a two-lane scenic route originally named Buffalo Parkway, spans 2.3 miles westward from downtown along Buffalo Bayou.^[94] Renamed to honor city founders John Kirby Allen and Augustus Chapman Allen, it now functions as a multi-lane urban boulevard connecting to Memorial Drive and supporting pedestrian paths within Buffalo Bayou Park.^[94] The Long–Allen Bridge in Morgan City, Louisiana, a cantilever truss structure built in 1933 by the Mount Vernon Bridge Company, carries Louisiana Highway 182 across the Atchafalaya River, linking St. Mary and St. Martin parishes.^[95] Named for governors Huey P. Long and Oscar K. Allen, it has a total length of 3,620 feet with a main span of 320 feet and began a multi-year rehabilitation in 2023, with completion in fall 2025 to address corrosion and maintain connectivity for regional traffic.^[95]^[96] The Lowell C. Allen Memorial Bridge in Humboldt County, California, constructed in 1970 by the California Division of Highways, spans the South Fork Eel River near Richardson Grove State Park, facilitating U.S. Route 101 traffic through mountainous terrain.^[97] Allen station on the Los Angeles Metro A Line, opened on 26 July 2003 as part of the original Gold Line, is an at-grade light rail station in Pasadena serving area commuters with connections to regional bus routes. The station provides access to nearby commercial districts.^[98]

Institutions and structures

Educational institutions

Allen University, located in Columbia, South Carolina, is a private historically Black university founded on July 29, 1870, by the African Methodist Episcopal Church as Payne Institute in Cokesbury; it relocated to Columbia in 1880 and was renamed in honor of Bishop Richard Allen, the AME Church's founder. As one of the oldest HBCUs in the state, it offers undergraduate and graduate programs in fields such as business, education, and theology, with a focus on liberal arts and professional development. The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC) to award associate, baccalaureate, master's, educational specialist, and doctoral degrees. Enrollment stood at 635 undergraduates in fall 2023, with a student-faculty ratio of 16:1, and projections indicate stable numbers through 2025 amid regional demographic trends. Notable alumni include Senator Kay Patterson, a pioneering African American lawmaker who served South Carolina's 7th District from 1985 to 2008; civil rights activist Joseph DeLaine, key in the Briggs v. Elliott case contributing to Brown v. Board of Education; and NFL player Sam Davis, who played for the Pittsburgh Steelers from 1967 to 1979, alongside several AME Church bishops and university presidents such as Dr. William C. Brown of Fayetteville State University. Allen College in Waterloo, Iowa, specializes in health sciences education and traces its origins to 1925, when it opened as the Allen Memorial Hospital School of Nursing offering a diploma program; it evolved into a degree-granting institution in 1989 as Allen College of Nursing and adopted its current name in 1997 under UnityPoint Health. The college provides bachelor's, master's, and doctoral programs in nursing, radiography, and physical therapy, emphasizing clinical training and healthcare leadership. It holds regional accreditation from the Higher Learning Commission since 1995, with programmatic accreditations including those from the Iowa Board of Nursing and the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education for its Doctor of Physical Therapy program, renewed in 2023. Enrollment data for 2024-2025 reflects approximately 483 students, primarily in health professions, with high certification pass rates exceeding national averages for similar programs.^[99] Alumni have risen to prominent roles in nursing and healthcare administration, including awardees of the college's Distinguished Alumni Hall of Fame such as Terri Anderson and Julie Westin, recognized in 2025 for contributions to education and community service. Allen High School in Allen, Texas, serves as the flagship public secondary school of the Allen Independent School District, with roots dating to the district's establishment in 1909 and the opening of its first high school building in 1910 at Belmont and Cedar streets to accommodate growing local needs. The current campus, a state-of-the-art facility opened in 1999, supports grades 9-12 with advanced programs in STEM, arts, and athletics, including an International Baccalaureate curriculum and over 35 sports teams. The school and district maintain an "A" accountability rating from the Texas Education Agency, reflecting superior achievement in student outcomes as of the 2025 ratings release. It enrolls about 5,273 students, with a 97% graduation rate and 51% participation in Advanced Placement courses. While specific alumni achievements vary, the school has produced leaders in entertainment and sports, contributing to its reputation as one of Texas's largest high schools. The Allen School of Health Sciences, with campuses in Brooklyn and Jamaica, New York, and Phoenix, Arizona, focuses on allied health vocational training and was established in 1961 to address workforce needs in medical assisting and healthcare management. It offers certificate and associate programs emphasizing hands-on skills for entry-level roles, such as medical assisting and office administration. The institution is accredited by the Council on Occupational Education and licensed by the New York State Education Department, ensuring alignment with national standards for healthcare education. Enrollment totals around 156 students as of 2023, with flexible scheduling to support working adults and high placement rates in healthcare settings. Graduates often advance quickly in clinical and administrative positions, though specific notable alumni are not publicly highlighted beyond general success in the field.

Museums and buildings

The Allen Memorial Art Museum, located on the campus of Oberlin College in Ohio, was established in 1917 through a bequest from Cleveland surgeon Dudley P. Allen, an 1875 alumnus of the college, and his wife Elisabeth Severance Allen. Housed in a neoclassical building designed by Cass Gilbert, the museum features a collection of over 15,000 works spanning ancient Egyptian artifacts to contemporary art, with strengths in 19th-century European paintings and American modernist pieces. It serves as an academic resource for teaching and research while offering public exhibitions and programs. The Ethan Allen Homestead Museum in Burlington, Vermont, occupies a historic Federal-style house constructed around 1785 for Revolutionary War hero Ethan Allen and his family. Originally a 1.5-story wood-frame structure with a central hall plan, it was expanded in the early 19th century to include additional rooms and a two-story ell. Today, the museum preserves period furnishings and interprets early American rural life, including Allen's military and political legacy, through guided tours and educational events from May to October. In Crockett, Texas, the Mary Allen Museum preserves the legacy of Mary Allen College, the state's first historically Black college for women, founded in 1886.^[100] The museum, housed in a restored campus building from the early 20th century, features exhibits on African American education, local history, and institutional artifacts such as photographs and documents. It operates as a community and educational center, hosting events that highlight Houston County's cultural heritage. Among notable standalone buildings, the Allen House in Wichita, Kansas, exemplifies Frank Lloyd Wright's Prairie School architecture, commissioned by news editor Henry J. Allen and completed in 1918. This low-horizontal structure incorporates built-in furniture, art glass windows, and innovative heating systems, reflecting Wright's emphasis on harmony with the landscape. Currently maintained by the Wichita-Sedgwick County Historical Museum, it functions as a house museum offering tours that showcase original interiors and Wright's design principles.^[101] The W. H. Allen House in Magnolia, Arkansas, represents vernacular pioneer architecture as a single-story, four-room dogtrot built in 1873 by settler Walter Howard Allen. The dogtrot design features a central breezeway for ventilation in the humid climate, with later additions including a gabled roof and enclosed porch in the early 20th century. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1976, it now serves as a private residence while symbolizing post-Civil War settlement patterns in the southeastern U.S.^[102]

Science, technology, and other uses

Tools and inventions

The Allen key, also known as a hex key or hex wrench, is an L-shaped tool consisting of a hexagonal rod bent at a right angle, designed to drive screws and bolts with internal hexagonal sockets. Invented by American engineer William G. Allen in 1910, it addressed safety concerns in industrial settings by enabling the use of recessed fastener heads that eliminated protruding edges prone to snagging clothing or causing injuries. Allen's innovation stemmed from his work at the Allen Manufacturing Company in Hartford, Connecticut, where he sought to improve upon traditional slotted or square-drive screws that were less secure and more hazardous in machinery.^[103]^[104] The core of Allen's invention was detailed in U.S. Patent 960,244, granted on June 7, 1910, which described a cold-forming process for creating screw heads with an internal hexagonal recess by drawing metal around a hexagonal die. This method produced durable, cost-effective hex socket screws—such as cap screws and set screws—that required minimal finishing and resisted stripping under torque. The Allen key's design allows insertion into the socket from either the long or short arm of the L-shape: the long arm provides reach into tight spaces, while the short arm offers greater leverage for applying rotational force. The hexagonal profile ensures six flat contact points, distributing torque evenly and minimizing slippage compared to other drives.^[103]^[105] Allen screws, particularly the hex socket varieties, found widespread adoption in applications requiring compact, tamper-resistant fastening. In furniture assembly, they secure joints in items like tables and cabinets, allowing for flush surfaces without visible heads. Automotive and bicycle manufacturing utilize them for components such as wheel hubs, derailleurs, and engine mounts, where space constraints and vibration resistance are critical. In machinery and plumbing, set screws with Allen drives hold pulleys, gears, and fixtures in place, providing precise adjustment without marring adjacent surfaces. The Allen Manufacturing Company commercialized these products starting in 1910, establishing the "Allen" trademark for both the keys and screws.^[106]^[104]

Astronomy and geography

In astronomy, the name Allen is associated with several minor planets in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The asteroid (19727) Allen, provisionally designated 1999 XS₂, is a stony S-type asteroid approximately 7 kilometers in diameter, discovered on December 4, 1999, by American amateur astronomer Charles W. Juels at Fountain Hills Observatory in Arizona, USA.^[107]^[108] It was named in honor of Clabon Walter Allen (1904–1987), an Australian astronomer who later worked in the UK and was a member of the British Astronomical Association known for his contributions to variable star observations and astronomical literature.^[108] Similarly, (48643) Allen-Beach, provisionally designated 1995 UA₂, is a main-belt asteroid about 5 kilometers across, discovered on October 20, 1995, by Italian astronomers Piero Sicoli and Francesco Manca at Sormano Astronomical Observatory in Lombardy, Italy.^[109] This object was named to recognize Bill Allen and Sally Beach, publishers of the Asteroid/Comet Connection newsletter, which promotes amateur asteroid and comet observing.^[109] In geography and geology, the Allen Formation represents a significant Late Cretaceous sedimentary unit in northern Patagonia, Argentina, within the Neuquén Basin. Spanning the middle Campanian to early Maastrichtian stages (approximately 83 to 66 million years ago), it forms the basal layer of the Malargüe Group and overlies the Anacleto Formation of the Neuquén Group.^[110]^[111] The formation consists primarily of sandstones, mudstones, and conglomerates deposited in fluvial, lacustrine, and estuarine environments, recording the initial Atlantic Ocean ingression into the basin and marking a transition to marine-influenced sedimentation.^[112] Outcrops are prominent in Río Negro Province, including sites near Bajo de las Choiques and Cerro Overo, where it yields fossils of titanosaurs, ornithopods, and early mammals. Recent discoveries include new mammal species reported in 2024 and fossils of the alvarezsaurid dinosaur Bonapartenykus in 2025, providing insights into the end-Cretaceous ecosystems of Gondwana.^[110]^[111]^[110]^[113] Other geological features bearing the name Allen include the Allen Bay Formation in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, a carbonate-dominated sequence from the Late Ordovician to Early Silurian (approximately 450 to 430 million years ago), exposed on islands like Devon, Ellesmere, and Prince of Wales, formed in shallow marine settings during the early Paleozoic.^[114] In the western United States, the Allen Ridge Formation, part of the Mesaverde Group in Wyoming and Montana, comprises Late Cretaceous (Campanian) sandstones and shales deposited in coastal plain environments, with thicknesses of about 1,200 feet (370 m) in the type area and up to 1,600 feet (490 m) in adjacent basins such as the Great Divide Basin.^[115]

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This tiny investment bank is competing with the likes of Goldman ...
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The Allen Institute is an independent nonprofit bioscience research institute aimed at unlocking the mysteries of biology. Accelerating scientific discoveries.
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The purpose of Allen Community College is to provide quality educational and support services in an atmosphere that is caring, safe, and conducive to learning.
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Rating 4.2/10 (3,666) Allen Gregory serves as both a working title and pun: Allegory, with several significant connotations. The show provides allegories based on contemporary social ...
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Allen M. Sumner (DD-692)
### Summary of USS Allen M. Sumner (DD-692)
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No. 60114 W.P. Allen | Original A1s | Tornado | Educational Resources
No. 60114 was constructed by the infant British Railways at Doncaster in 1948 as Works No. 2031. By 4 th July it was seen in the Erecting Shop nearly complete.
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ALLEN…CITY'S OTHER CAR PLANT
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[87]
Allen Kingston - Simeone Foundation Automotive Museum
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[88]
SMDC History: Arctic vs. Cold Regions; A glimpse into Fort Greely ...
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[91]
Allen Road bridge improvements start March 17 over I-69 in St. Clair ...
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[101]
The Incredible, Underrated Allen Wrench | The Art of Manliness
Apr 29, 2021 · An American named William G. Allen patented a screwhead with a six-sided hexagonal shape and accompanying hexagonal driver, called a hex socket key.
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Common Hex Key Applications in Various Industries
Jul 20, 2023 · Hex keys are used in a wide range of applications, from assembling furniture to repairing motorcycles and cars.Uses for Hex Keys on Autos... · Why Plumbers Need and Use...
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Asteroid Allen | Space Reference
Allen is a mid-sized asteroid orbiting between Mars and Jupiter in the main portion of the asteroid belt. NASA JPL has not classified Allen as potentially ...
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Asteroids named after BAA members
Allen · 4506, Hendrie, Michael James, Hendrie · 4522, Britastra, British Astronomical ... 19727, Allen, Clabon Walter, Allen. 20141, Markkidger, Mark, Kidger.
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48643 Allen-Beach
It orbits the Sun out past Mars in the middle of Zone I, the closest region of the asteroid Main Belt. From its brightness, this object is estimated to be ...
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New mammals from the Upper Cretaceous Allen Formation ...
The Allen Formation comprises the lowest layer of the Malargüe Group, which overlies the Neuquén Group in northern Patagonia (Riccardi, 1991; Garrido, 2010).
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The Titanosaur Sauropods from the Late Campanian ... - BioOne
Dec 1, 2012 · The Allen Formation is chronologically equivalent to the Marília Formation (Bauru Group, Brazil), and their faunas have much in common. Up ...<|control11|><|separator|>
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(PDF) Hybrid coastal edges in the Neuquén Basin (Allen Formation ...
Aug 7, 2025 · The Allen Formation records the first Ingression Atlantic to the Neuquén Basin during the Late Cretaceous. The definition of lithofacies and ...
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Allen Bay Formation - Weblex Canada
Originally 1,678 m at type section; about 1,100 m remain in the emended unit. Also outcrops on Ellesmere, northwest Devon, Somerset, and Prince of Wales ...
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Geolex — AllenRidge publications - National Geologic Map Database
Aug 28, 2025 · Allen Ridge formation of Mesaverde group. Comprises (ascending) about 550 feet of ripple-marked sandstones alternating with thicker carbonaceous shales and ...Missing: geographical | Show results with:geographical