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Andrew Do

Andrew Hoang Do (born April 23, 1963) is a Vietnamese-American and former who served as the First District representative on the from 2015 to 2024. Born in Saigon, , Do immigrated to the as a at age 12 following the fall of Saigon in 1975. He narrowly won to the board in 2015 by 43 votes against incumbent , becoming the second Vietnamese-American supervisor in county history. Do's tenure focused on issues like homelessness reduction and economic reopening during the , but was overshadowed by allegations of and , culminating in his October 2024 guilty plea to conspiracy to commit bribery involving federal funds. Do accepted over $550,000 in bribes to direct more than $10 million in county relief funds to the Viet-America Society, a nonprofit that failed to deliver promised meals to elderly residents, instead using funds for personal gain including luxury purchases. He resigned from office as part of the agreement and was sentenced in June 2025 to five years in , with an additional order in August 2025 to pay $878,230.80 in restitution. Earlier controversies included directing $3.1 million in public funds to a center led by his daughter without disclosure, prompting conflict-of-interest complaints. These events highlighted systemic risks in the allocation of taxpayer funds through politically connected nonprofits, particularly within County's -American community networks.

Early life and education

Immigration and family background

Andrew Do was born in Saigon, South Vietnam, during the Vietnam War. His family, like many South Vietnamese households, fled the country in the aftermath of the North Vietnamese conquest and the fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975, which marked the end of the war and the collapse of the Republic of Vietnam government. Do arrived in the United States as a 12-year-old in 1975. His family followed a common resettlement path for and other , first entering through a processing center that included a camp in . They subsequently relocated to , where his parents established initial stability amid the challenges of cultural adjustment and economic hardship faced by many post-war immigrants. The family eventually moved to , settling in Garden Grove within County's burgeoning enclave, known as , which by the late had become a primary destination for over 200,000 refugees resettled in the U.S. under federal programs following the war. This community provided familial networks and cultural continuity, aiding integration while preserving anti-communist sentiments rooted in the loss of their homeland.

Academic and early professional training

Do earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the . He subsequently attended the , where he obtained a degree. Following , Do commenced his professional legal career in as a . He later transitioned to the role of deputy district attorney in the same jurisdiction, accumulating experience in both defense and prosecution prior to entering elective office. These positions spanned a reported 30-year tenure in county service, providing foundational training in and advocacy.

Pre-political career

Legal practice as public defender

Andrew Do began his legal career in Orange County as a deputy public defender shortly after graduating from , having taken the LSAT in 1985. He served in the Public Defender's Office from 1985 to 1990, representing indigent clients accused of criminal offenses in trial and appellate proceedings. This role marked his initial professional engagement with the county's justice system, focusing on defending individuals facing and charges who lacked resources for private counsel. During his tenure, Do contributed to the office's mission of providing constitutionally mandated representation, handling caseloads typical of public work, including negotiations, evidentiary hearings, and appearances. No specific high-profile cases are publicly attributed to him from this period, but his experience informed later supervisory oversight of initiatives, where he expressed pride in the public system's accomplishments, such as efficiency metrics and client outcomes. Following 1990, Do transitioned to private practice before joining the District Attorney's Office as a deputy prosecutor, building on his foundational background.

Community involvement in Vietnamese-American organizations

Andrew Do, during his tenure as an Orange County public defender and deputy district attorney, actively participated in Vietnamese-American professional networks, serving as president of the Vietnamese-American of Southern California, a group focused on advancing legal professionals within the Vietnamese diaspora. This leadership role involved organizing events, for immigrant legal rights, and mentoring emerging Vietnamese-American attorneys in , where hosts one of the largest concentrations of Vietnamese residents outside . Prior to his political campaigns, Do also held the presidency of the Asian Bar of California, an organization encompassing Vietnamese-American members, through which he promoted bar passage programs and community outreach initiatives tailored to Asian-Pacific Islander legal communities, including Vietnamese subgroups. These positions underscored his efforts to bridge professional development with cultural advocacy, though specific programmatic impacts, such as event attendance figures or policy changes, remain undocumented in from that era. Do's involvement positioned him as a visible figure in Little Saigon-area networks, fostering ties that later informed his electoral base in District 1, home to over 150,000 Vietnamese-Americans as of 2010 census data.

Political career

Elections to Orange County Board of Supervisors

Andrew Do first won to the representing the 1st District in a special held on January 27, 2015, to fill the vacancy created by Janet Nguyen's to the . The race, conducted on a ballot, pitted Do against former Lou Correa after both advanced from the November 2014 special primary. Do secured victory by a margin of 43 votes, receiving 18,905 votes (52.7%) to Correa's 18,862 (47.3%), in a contest marked by intense campaigning within the district's large Vietnamese-American community. A subsequent recount of vote-by-mail ballots confirmed the result without alteration. Do was sworn in on February 3, 2015. Do sought a full four-year term in the 2016 general election, defeating Democratic challenger Michele Martinez. Early results showed Do leading substantially, and he ultimately prevailed in a contest that solidified his position in the district encompassing parts of , Garden Grove, , and Huntington Beach. The victory, described as convincing, reflected Do's strong support among and Vietnamese-American voters in the nonpartisan race. In the 2020 election cycle, Do advanced from the primary with a leading vote share against multiple challengers, including Garden Grove Councilmember Diedre Thu-Ha Nguyen and others, securing the top-two spot for the November . He then defeated Westminster City Councilman Sergio Contreras in the on November 3, maintaining his incumbency amid a competitive focused on local issues like public safety and economic recovery. Do's re-election extended his tenure through 2024, though he did not seek another term amid emerging federal investigations.

Key policy initiatives and leadership roles

Do held leadership positions including Chairman of the in 2018 and 2021, Vice Chairman on three occasions, and Chairman of the (OCTA) board from January 2021 onward. He also chaired committees, such as the Response Committee co-led with Supervisor Doug Chaffee, and the Integrated Public Safety Services Subcommittee alongside Sheriff Don Barnes. In housing and homelessness policy, Do supported the 2017 passage of AB 448, which established the Housing Finance Trust to finance 2,700 units of permanent . From 2018 to 2023, the county under his oversight allocated over $155 million across 36 projects, yielding more than 1,200 units and 1,000 rapid rehousing units; he directed an additional $5.3 million in 2023 for to address unsheltered . Do prioritized transportation enhancements, particularly for vulnerable populations, with OCTA programs under his chairmanship facilitating 96 million bus boardings for seniors and individuals with disabilities while directing $342 million toward local infrastructure upgrades by March 2019. Public safety initiatives included co-authoring a unanimously approved plan in April 2023 to revise county ethics guidelines amid oversight concerns, and leading integrated services efforts to bolster countywide public safety for 3.1 million residents. In mental health, the Board under his motion established the Orange County Office of Suicide Prevention in October 2020 to coordinate response strategies. Do co-led the July 2021 launch of the Equity Map, a data tool to visualize pandemic-exacerbated disparities in , , and economic outcomes across demographics. Other efforts encompassed environmental grants, such as $525,000 allocated in March 2024 for the San Gabriel River Trash Mitigation Initiative to reduce annual debris by nearly 400 tons, and the development of a One-Stop Service Center initiated in for streamlined resident access to county services.

Role in CalOptima and healthcare policy

Andrew Do served on the CalOptima Board of Directors from 2015 to 2023 as part of his role on the , representing the agency that administers services for approximately 800,000 low-income residents in the county. CalOptima, with an annual budget exceeding $3.7 billion, oversees contracts, provider networks, and policy implementation for healthcare access among vulnerable populations. As a board member, Do participated in decisions, including approvals with healthcare vendors and allocation of resources for preventive and . Do was appointed chair of the CalOptima board, a position he held for several years until resigning in February 2023, marking him as the first Vietnamese American to lead the agency. In this capacity, he influenced executive oversight, including a 2022 decision to raise the CEO's annual compensation by about 50% to $841,500 amid discussions on and service expansion. His leadership coincided with CalOptima's efforts to address healthcare disparities, though specific policy initiatives directly attributed to Do remain limited in , with board actions focusing on vendor contracts and approvals rather than novel legislative proposals. Do's tenure faced ethical scrutiny from state authorities. In July 2022, the California Fair Political Practices Commission (FPPC) determined he violated Government Code section 84308 by accepting $4,900 in campaign contributions from a consulting firm that had secured CalOptima contracts he voted to approve on August 9, 2016, and other dates. Do stipulated to the findings, paying a $12,000 penalty and completing training, acknowledging the contributions created a conflict under restrictions designed to prevent influence over public contracts. His resignation as chair followed a raising concerns over compensation practices and vendor influences, prompting internal reviews at CalOptima.

COVID-19 response and fund allocations

Oversight of relief fund distribution

Andrew Do, serving as Orange County Supervisor for the First District from 2015 to 2024, held authority over the allocation of discretionary portions of federal COVID-19 relief funds, including those from the CARES Act and American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA), totaling approximately $10 million per supervisor for community programs. These funds were designated for initiatives such as meal delivery to elderly and disabled residents amid pandemic restrictions. Do's oversight involved reviewing and voting on agenda items for fund distribution to nonprofits, with a notable approval in June 2020 for $5 million in federal relief to support senior meal programs. He directed over $10 million overall to organizations like the Viet America Society (VAS), intended to subcontract for meal provision, though standard procurement reviews were often bypassed under emergency declarations. County oversight mechanisms during this period relied primarily on board votes for approvals, but emergency measures waived competitive bidding, detailed audits, and centralized accounting for expedited contracts, creating vulnerabilities to misuse. Do did not initially disclose familial connections, such as his daughter Rhiannon Do's leadership at VAS, which received funds without mandatory conflict disclosures at the time. Allocated funds were subcontracted to entities like "Company #1," which handled purported meal logistics but disbursed payments including $100,000 monthly from April 2021, escalating to $108,000 by September 2021, totaling about $3.8 million by February 2024—far exceeding verified meal outputs. In practice, Do's supervision failed to enforce accountability, as VAS and affiliates did not deliver all contracted meals, with funds diverted to unauthorized uses including cash withdrawals, real estate purchases, and personal expenses rather than pandemic relief. Federal investigations later revealed that only a fraction of the $10 million plus reached intended beneficiaries, with the remainder enabling a bribery scheme where Do accepted over $550,000 in exchange for steering contracts. This lapse prompted post-resignation reforms, including mandatory board majority votes, procurement office reviews, and familial disclosure requirements for discretionary contracts, alongside audits of all ARPA-funded agreements.

Grants to Viet America Society and related nonprofits

In 2020, Orange County Supervisor Andrew Do directed over $13 million in public funds, primarily federal relief allocations intended for community services such as meals for the elderly and low-income residents, to the Viet America Society (VAS), a affiliated with his daughter and Vietnamese-American community leaders. These grants included approximately $10 million in federal funds under programs like the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (, with Do voting in favor of and influencing their allocation despite VAS lacking prior experience in large-scale . Do admitted in his October 2024 guilty plea to accepting over $550,000 in bribes from VAS founder Peter Pham, in exchange for steering these funds to VAS and ensuring favorable contract approvals, with much of the money diverted for personal use rather than program delivery. Investigations revealed that VAS expended only a fraction of the grants on intended services, such as distributing around 1.2 million meals against claims of serving far more, while approximately $8 million was unaccounted for or misused, including payments to insiders and unrelated entities. subsequently sued VAS, Do, Pham, and associates in 2024, alleging and , leading to a court order freezing VAS assets in October 2024 pending restitution. Related nonprofits, including those linked to Pham such as Hand to Hand , received portions of funds influenced by Do's decisions, totaling additional millions in COVID-era grants funneled through similar channels without adequate oversight or performance verification. For instance, Pham's entities benefited from Do's advocacy for expedited approvals, mirroring the VAS scheme, though federal probes focused primarily on VAS as the conduit for the largest diversions. In August 2025, Do was ordered to repay $878,230.80 in restitution, far short of the county's $10.2 million demand representing the full VAS grant amount, highlighting ongoing disputes over accountability for misallocated public resources.

Legal investigations and proceedings

FBI raids and initial federal probes

Federal agents executed search warrants on August 22, 2024, at the North Tustin residence of Supervisor Andrew Do and his wife, Superior Court Assistant Presiding Judge Cheri Pham, as well as at the home of their daughter Do in Tustin and multiple associated with the Viet America Society nonprofit. The raids involved FBI and local investigators targeting locations linked to allegations of public fund misuse, including a Tustin property purchased by Do in July 2023 using proceeds reportedly tied to nonprofit grants approved under her father's oversight. These actions marked the public escalation of a federal probe into Do's role in directing relief funds to organizations with personal connections, amid prior journalistic scrutiny of opaque grant allocations exceeding $10 million. The initial federal investigation focused on potential and in the distribution of federal pandemic aid through programs, including those administered by CalOptima, where Do served on the board. Probes examined contracts awarded to nonprofits like Viet America Society, where Rhiannon Do held an executive position, and whether these involved arrangements for personal benefit, such as purchases funded by grant money. Early inquiries, predating the raids, stemmed from audits and reporting on irregularities in fund oversight, including Do's advocacy for grants to entities lacking transparent financial reporting or competitive bidding processes. No arrests occurred during the August 2024 raids, but the operations seized documents and electronic devices to trace the flow of approximately $12 million in relief funds allocated between 2021 and 2023. The U.S. Attorney's Office for the Central District of led the effort, prioritizing cases of elected officials exploiting federal programs intended for vulnerable populations, with initial findings pointing to systemic lapses in county grant vetting rather than isolated errors.

Multiple allegations of ethical violations

Andrew Do faced multiple allegations of ethical misconduct during his time as an Supervisor, primarily involving the misuse of public resources and undisclosed conflicts of interest that benefited personal or familial associates. These issues, investigated by state regulators and reported by local media, highlighted concerns over and fiduciary duty, though some were resolved through fines rather than criminal charges. Critics, including watchdog groups and fellow supervisors, argued that Do's actions eroded in county governance. In 2018, Do was accused of misusing approximately $148,000 in taxpayer funds to produce and distribute around 470,000 mailers that critics described as functioning as covert campaign advertisements during his reelection bid against Councilwoman Jessie Lopez. The mailers, ostensibly informational about county services, highlighted Do's achievements while criticizing his opponent, prompting complaints to the Fair Political Practices Commission (FPPC) and calls for investigation from Lopez and community advocates. Although the practice was not deemed illegal under then-existing state law, it contributed to legislative changes restricting the use of tax-funded mailers for political purposes. A significant violation occurred in relation to Do's role on the , where in 2022 the FPPC fined him $12,000—the largest conflict-of-interest penalty in since 2019—for violations under the Political Reform Act. Do participated in the selection of lobbying firms for CalOptima contracts without recusing himself, despite receiving campaign contributions from some bidders, and delayed reporting donations linked to a donor-funded park statue. Do contended that CalOptima staff failed to flag the conflicts, but the FPPC determined he violated disclosure and abstention requirements by influencing procurement processes that favored contributors. Further allegations emerged in 2023 concerning Do's direction of public funds to nonprofits affiliated with his daughter, Do, without disclosing the familial ties during board votes. Specifically, Do supported subcontracts totaling $3.1 million to the Warner Wellness Center, which led, and $4.2 million over two years to its parent organization, Viet America Society, as part of broader county allocations. Other supervisors reported being unaware of the connection until investigative reporting, raising questions about and failure to recuse from decisions impacting family interests. These nondisclosures were cited by community leaders as prompting federal scrutiny, though they were framed at the time as ethical lapses in rather than outright .

Plea agreement, conviction, and sentencing

On October 23, 2024, Andrew Hoang Do, then a member of the , agreed to plead guilty to one count of conspiracy to commit bribery concerning programs receiving federal funds, as announced by the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Central District of California. The plea agreement stemmed from a scheme in which Do steered over $10 million in relief funds intended for senior meal programs to a controlled by an associate, in exchange for bribes including payments and valued at approximately $100,000. As part of the deal, Do resigned from his supervisorial position effective immediately and forfeited assets tied to the bribes, with the maximum possible penalty for the charge being five years in prison. Do formally entered his guilty plea in federal court in October 2024, resulting in his on the charge without proceeding to trial. The U.S. Department of Justice described the offense as involving the misuse of federal funds allocated for , emphasizing Do's abuse of public office to direct contracts to favored entities for personal gain. On June 9, 2025, United States District Judge James V. Selna sentenced Do to the maximum term of five years in , three years of supervised release, and imposed conditions including a ban on possessing firearms as a convicted felon. Prosecutors had recommended the full penalty, citing the severity of the betrayal of public trust and the scale of the affecting vulnerable seniors. A restitution hearing followed on August 11, 2025, where Judge Selna ordered Do to repay $878,230.80 to for misappropriated funds, with an initial payment of $250,000 required within 30 days and the balance structured over time. Do was directed to surrender for imprisonment on August 15, 2025.

Post-conviction developments

Financial repayments and ongoing audits

In August 2025, following his conviction in a federal bribery scheme, former Orange County Supervisor Andrew Do was ordered by U.S. District Judge to pay $878,230.80 in restitution to cover bribe payments he received and related county legal costs. The amount represented the direct payoffs Do admitted receiving—approximately $550,000—from $10 million in county contracts he steered to the Viet America Society for a meals program aiding seniors and disabled individuals, rather than the full $10 million sought by officials to recoup the entire misused allocation. Do's payment schedule requires an initial $250,000 within 30 days of the order, followed by $1,000 monthly installments upon his release from a five-year prison sentence that began in August 2025. County supervisors had advocated for broader financial accountability, including an external audit of their collective finances amid concerns over Do's influence, but the federal ruling focused narrowly on his personal gains. Separately, demanded repayment of millions in tax dollars from nonprofits tied to Do's family, such as those linked to his daughter, after audits revealed failures to document program expenditures, including missing records for $4 million in senior meal funding. Ongoing audits continue to probe Do's tenure, particularly at CalOptima, the county's agency where he chaired the board until resigning amid earlier ethics fines. In late 2024, after Do's guilty plea, CalOptima established an audit committee and contracted an independent firm to review his involvement in contracts and decisions, including potential schemes with firms and property deals. As of October 2025, the results remain unreleased despite public calls for , with county investigations uncovering evidence of double billing, , and attempts by Do associates to sell inflated properties to CalOptima. These probes aim to quantify additional misused funds beyond the federal restitution, focusing on systemic vulnerabilities in grant oversight during Do's leadership.

Impact on Orange County governance and Vietnamese community

Do's conviction and the associated bribery scheme, which involved over $10 million in misused relief funds, spurred reforms to strengthen oversight in government contracting and . The implemented requirements for competitive bidding on contracts unless unanimously waived by all members, alongside quarterly compliance reports on contract awards starting in January 2025. An external audit of contracts exceeding five years in major departments was approved, with scope definition ongoing as of December 2024, while internal audits of related spending continued through June 2025. At the state level, enacted Senate Bill 1111, effective January 2026, mandating public officials disclose family members' involvement in funded organizations to curb conflicts of interest in contracting. Additional laws, including Assembly Bills 3130 and 2946, required disclosures of family ties to nonprofits receiving public funds and majority board votes for discretionary allocations, directly addressing vulnerabilities exposed by Do's diversion of grants to family-linked entities. These measures, prompted by demands for post-plea, aimed to prevent elected officials from treating county resources as personal conduits, though critics noted delays in broader probes into systemic issues. In Orange County's Vietnamese-American community, centered in —the largest such population outside —Do's fall from a revered figure symbolizing immigrant to convicted briber eroded in ethnic . Community publications like Nguoi Viet highlighted shock among residents, who viewed his scheme as a profound betrayal, given his prior role advocating for their interests amid the . The fraud's diversion of funds meant for elderly meals and relief services exacerbated hardships, leading to reported losses of savings, livelihoods, and homes for affected residents and small businesses. Organizations in issued statements demanding justice and accountability, underscoring harm to vulnerable populations reliant on such aid. Long-term, the scandal diminished communal pride in Vietnamese-American leadership, potentially deterring while highlighting risks in nonprofit oversight tied to ethnic networks.

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