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CNA

CNA, formally the CNA Corporation, is an independent, nonprofit research and analysis organization headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, dedicated to informing decisions on national safety and security through operations research and data-driven analysis.^[1] Established in 1942 as the Antisubmarine Warfare Operations Research Group (ASWORG) by physicist Philip Morse to counter German U-boat threats during World War II, it pioneered the application of scientific methods to military operations, evolving into the Operations Evaluation Group in 1945 and the Center for Naval Analyses in 1954.^[2] Today, CNA operates as a federally funded research and development center (FFRDC), with its Center for Naval Analyses serving as the sole such entity dedicated to the U.S. Department of the Navy, embedding analysts worldwide to support the Navy, Marine Corps, and Department of Defense on issues ranging from fleet tactics to strategic planning.^[1] Complementing its defense focus, CNA's Institute for Public Research, founded in 1983, applies similar rigorous methodologies to civilian challenges in areas such as criminal justice, public health, and emergency management, assisting federal agencies with evidence-based policy evaluation and rapid response to crises like natural disasters.^[1] Employing over 500 analysts—90% holding advanced degrees and 35% with direct military operational experience—CNA has contributed foundational advancements in fields like search theory, blockade strategies (including during the Cuban Missile Crisis), and assessments of Soviet naval capabilities during the Cold War, while earning nearly 100 military service awards in recent decades for embedded field work.^[1]^[2] Its work emphasizes causal analysis grounded in empirical data, influencing transitions such as the U.S. all-volunteer force and contemporary responses to great-power competition and pandemics like COVID-19.^[2]

Healthcare Certifications

Certified Nursing Assistant

A certified nursing assistant (CNA) is an entry-level healthcare worker who provides basic patient care and support under the direct supervision of licensed nurses or physicians. CNAs primarily assist with non-medical tasks in settings such as nursing homes, hospitals, and home health care, where they help patients or residents maintain daily functioning and comfort. This role emphasizes hands-on support rather than diagnostic or treatment decisions, enabling higher-level staff to focus on clinical responsibilities.^[3]^[4] Certification as a CNA requires completion of a state-approved training program, which must include at least 75 hours of instruction as mandated by federal regulations under the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987, comprising classroom theory, skills lab practice, and supervised clinical training—typically at least 16 hours of the latter in a healthcare facility. Many states exceed this minimum, requiring 100 to 120 hours total; for example, programs often cover anatomy, infection control, and patient rights. Following training, candidates must pass a competency examination, usually consisting of a written test and skills demonstration, to be listed on the state nurse aide registry, which verifies eligibility for employment and ensures accountability for abuse or neglect reports.^[5]^[6]^[4] Core responsibilities of CNAs include aiding patients with activities of daily living such as bathing, dressing, feeding, toileting, and ambulation; measuring and recording vital signs like blood pressure and temperature; observing and reporting changes in patient condition to supervising nurses; and performing basic hygiene and infection prevention tasks, including proper handwashing and equipment sanitation. These duties prioritize patient safety and dignity while adhering to facility protocols, with CNAs prohibited from administering medications or conducting invasive procedures. In long-term care facilities, CNAs deliver approximately 80% of direct resident care, underscoring their foundational role in sustaining basic well-being amid staffing constraints.^[3]^[7]^[8] As of May 2023, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported approximately 1.4 million nursing assistants employed, with a median annual wage of $35,760—varying by setting, with higher pay in hospitals compared to nursing homes. Employment is projected to grow 4% from 2023 to 2033, slower than average but driven by an aging population increasing demand for long-term care services. Empirical data indicate that adequate CNA staffing reduces registered nurse workload by delegating routine tasks, thereby lowering overall healthcare costs through decreased overtime and turnover without adversely affecting core patient outcomes like mortality rates in controlled studies of staffing ratios.^[3]^[7]^[9]

Corporate and Financial Entities

CNA Financial Corporation

CNA Financial Corporation serves as the holding company for CNA Insurance, a prominent provider of commercial property and casualty insurance products and services targeting businesses and professionals primarily in the United States, with additional operations in Canada and Europe.^[10] Its origins trace to the Continental Casualty Company, established in 1897 in Chicago to offer accident and health insurance, which later expanded into broader property-casualty coverage amid the growth of workers' compensation mandates in the early 20th century.^[11] In 1967, Continental Casualty merged with Continental Assurance Company to form CNA Financial Corporation, consolidating its insurance operations under a unified structure.^[11] The company has maintained a focus on specialty commercial lines, including management and professional liability (often termed financial lines), workers' compensation, and property coverage for sectors such as construction, manufacturing, healthcare, and financial institutions.^[12] Since 1974, when Loews Corporation acquired an 83% stake—now approximately 90%—CNA has operated as a subsidiary, benefiting from Loews' diversified portfolio while prioritizing underwriting profitability over aggressive market share expansion.^[11] This structure has supported disciplined risk selection, with CNA emphasizing customized solutions for complex commercial risks rather than personal lines.^[12] In the second quarter of 2025, CNA reported net income of $299 million, down slightly from $317 million in the year-ago period, attributed in part to higher catastrophe losses, while core income increased 3% to $335 million, driven by improved property and casualty underwriting results with a combined ratio of 94.1%.^[13] The firm achieved 5% gross premium growth and 6% net written premium growth in the quarter, reflecting renewal rate increases of 3% alongside exposure expansion.^[13] Industry forecasts project 2025 revenues of approximately $13.54 billion, implying about 5.4% year-over-year growth, underscoring CNA's position among the largest U.S. commercial property-casualty insurers with a strategy centered on sustainable returns amid volatile loss trends.^[14] CNA has navigated historical challenges, including significant exposure to asbestos-related claims from legacy policies, leading to regulatory filings and litigation; for instance, in 2010, it recorded a $365 million charge tied to asbestos liability settlements, impacting quarterly results.^[15] Resolutions have involved court rulings affirming coverage limits, such as a 2015 decision exhausting umbrella policies for certain claims.^[16] On achievements, CNA has demonstrated underwriting excellence through consistently low underlying combined ratios below 92% in recent years, bolstering capital adequacy above 99.99% confidence levels and enabling shareholder returns via dividends and occasional special payouts yielding around 7.8%.^[17]^[18] Recent rating agencies have affirmed its A (Excellent) financial strength, citing robust risk management practices.^[19]

Media Organizations

CNA (Singapore news network)

CNA is a Singapore-based multimedia news network operated by Mediacorp, focusing on Asia-Pacific affairs through television broadcasts, digital platforms, and social media channels. Originally launched as Channel NewsAsia on March 1, 1999, it rebranded to CNA in March 2019 during its 20th anniversary to reflect its evolution into a transmedia entity beyond traditional TV. As part of Mediacorp, which is wholly owned by Temasek Holdings—a sovereign wealth fund under Singapore's Ministry of Finance—CNA delivers 24/7 coverage emphasizing international news, business developments, and regional politics, such as U.S.-China economic frictions and Singapore's trade policies.^[20]^[21]^[22] The network's content prioritizes verifiable event-based reporting, with bureaus in key Asian cities and Western capitals like Washington D.C. and London, enabling in-depth analysis of geopolitical tensions and financial markets. CNA's digital arm, including its website and apps, reports 12.6 million monthly unique visitors, supporting Mediacorp's overall reach to more than 90% of Singapore's population via owned platforms. Government subsidies to Mediacorp, averaging S$380 million annually over the past five years, fund operations but have prompted scrutiny over potential alignment with state priorities, contrasting with CNA's empirical focus on factual international stories rather than domestic opinion pieces.^[23]^[24]^[25] CNA has garnered recognition for journalistic quality, securing 39 awards including golds for documentaries and video content at the 2025 World Media Festivals, alongside wins at the Digital Media Awards Asia for innovative formats like interactive news tools. However, critiques highlight self-censorship risks stemming from its state-linked structure, where financial and regulatory pressures may limit probing of sensitive local topics, as noted in analyses of Singapore's media ecosystem; proponents counter that this model ensures resource stability for accurate global coverage without overt bias in verifiable data.^[26]^[27]^[28]^[29]

Central News Agency (Taiwan)

The Central News Agency (CNA), Taiwan's primary government-affiliated wire service, was founded on April 1, 1924, in Guangzhou, Guangdong, by the Kuomintang (KMT) party under the Republic of China (ROC).^[30] Originally established to disseminate official ROC perspectives amid turbulent early 20th-century politics, it relocated to Taipei in 1949 following the KMT's retreat to Taiwan after the Chinese Civil War.^[31] As the oldest news agency in the Mandarin-speaking world, CNA serves as a key source for Taiwanese media outlets, providing syndicated content drawn from official government data, diplomatic channels, and on-the-ground reporting.^[30] CNA operates bureaus in major Taiwanese cities and maintains international correspondents to cover cross-strait relations, regional geopolitics, domestic politics, economy, and defense. It syndicates articles primarily in Chinese, with English-language output via its Focus Taiwan platform and Japanese-language apps, emphasizing verifiable facts from primary sources like ministry announcements and military briefings over speculative analysis.^[30] This focus positions CNA as a conduit for ROC policy dissemination, including detailed accounts of Taiwan's asymmetric defense strategies and alliances, such as expanded U.S. arms acquisitions and joint exercises reported in 2024-2025 amid heightened People's Liberation Army activities.^[32] For instance, CNA has highlighted Taiwan's special defense budget proposals exceeding NT$1 trillion (approximately US$30 billion) over five years for indigenous weapons and U.S.-sourced systems, framing these as pragmatic deterrents against coercion rather than escalatory moves.^[30] Historically tied to KMT governance, CNA faced accusations of pro-unification or government-favoring bias during the authoritarian era, with content often aligning with official narratives on mainland China relations.^[31] Post-1987 democratization and media liberalization under successive administrations, including DPP-led governments since 2016, introduced editorial reforms prioritizing factual sourcing and reduced overt partisanship, though its state funding sustains claims of inherent alignment with executive priorities.^[30] Independent assessments note improved standards in evidence-based reporting, particularly on verifiable metrics like military expenditures and alliance pacts, countering external pressures for narrative conformity on Taiwan's status.^[31]

Research and Defense Organizations

Center for Naval Analyses

The Center for Naval Analyses (CNA) originated in March 1942 as the Antisubmarine Warfare Operations Research Group (ASWORG), formed by U.S. Navy Captain Wilder D. Baker and physicist Philip M. Morse to apply operations research against German U-boats during World War II.^[2] Following the war, it evolved into the Operations Evaluation Group (OEG) in 1945, expanding its scope under Admiral Ernest King's influence to include broader naval operations analysis during the Korean War and Cold War eras.^[2] In 1962, OEG merged with smaller naval advisory groups to establish the formal Center for Naval Analyses, which has since operated as a federally funded research and development center (FFRDC) dedicated to the U.S. Department of the Navy, encompassing both the Navy and Marine Corps.^[2] As the oldest civilian organization conducting operations research for the U.S. military, CNA emphasizes empirical, data-driven methods to inform defense decision-making.^[33] CNA's research focuses on operations research, wargaming, and policy analysis to enhance military strategy and effectiveness, with studies grounded in military operations data rather than unsubstantiated assumptions.^[34] Its work supports the Navy and Marine Corps through objective assessments of national security challenges, including conventional deterrence, cyber operations, and great-power competition, such as analyses of China's drone swarm development for potential Taiwan scenarios.^[35] ^[36] Recent public releases highlight tactical innovations like wargaming applications beyond traditional battlefields and evaluations of naval presence requirements, critiquing factors like maintenance cycles in fleet sizing.^[36] Primarily funded through long-term Department of Defense contracts—such as the 2021 award of a potential $1.22 billion, 10-year indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract via the Office of Naval Research—CNA's FFRDC status mandates independence from undue influence, prioritizing rigorous, unbiased analysis over external pressures or ideological biases prevalent in some academic or media sources.^[37] ^[38] This structure ensures recommendations derive from verifiable evidence and causal mechanisms, such as modeling adversary responses in procurement decisions or deterrence scenarios.^[38] CNA has influenced U.S. defense planning by providing authoritative studies on force structure, deterrence efficacy, and operational efficiencies, including historical contributions to antisubmarine tactics that aided Allied victory in the Battle of the Atlantic and modern insights into non-nuclear naval influence to prevent conflict.^[2] ^[39] Its analyses have critiqued procurement inefficiencies, such as underestimating sustainment needs in littoral combat ship deployments, while advancing models for forward deterrence against peer competitors.^[40] Through embedded analysts and field-embedded research, CNA delivers actionable, evidence-based options to military leaders, bolstering national security without reliance on politicized narratives.^[41]

Educational Institutions

College of the North Atlantic

The College of the North Atlantic (CNA) is Newfoundland and Labrador's sole public post-secondary institution, specializing in applied, technical, and vocational education. Established on April 1, 1997, through the amalgamation of 18 existing colleges and institutes under the College Act, 1996, CNA consolidated fragmented vocational training systems that traced origins to initiatives like the 1964 Eastern Institute of Technology in St. John's and regional centers dating to the 1960s.^[42]^[43] This merger aimed to centralize skills development aligned with provincial labor demands in resource-based industries such as fisheries, mining, and offshore energy.^[43] CNA operates 17 campuses across Newfoundland and Labrador, from urban sites in St. John's and Corner Brook to remote locations like Happy Valley-Goose Bay, enabling accessible training in trades, technology, health sciences, and business. It delivers over 100 full-time programs, including diplomas, certificates, apprenticeships, and applied bachelor's degrees, with more than 300 part-time courses emphasizing hands-on competencies in areas like welding, nursing, engineering technology, and information technology.^[44] Annual enrollment includes approximately 7,000 full-time domestic students, supplemented by growing international cohorts exceeding 900 in fall 2024, reflecting a 14.9% rise from prior years.^[45] Programs prioritize industry-relevant skills, with curricula developed in consultation with employers to address shortages in skilled trades and technical roles.^[46] The institution maintains international partnerships for curriculum delivery and skills transfer, notably delivering programs to over 1,000 students in China through joint ventures and extending collaborations to regions in Southeast Asia, South America, and the Middle East via Colleges and Institutes Canada networks.^[44]^[47] CNA's applied research arm supports innovation in sustainable technologies and resource extraction, fostering economic contributions through projects tied to provincial priorities like renewable energy and aquaculture. Graduate outcomes are tracked via annual surveys assessing employment, further education, and satisfaction, underscoring the college's vocational orientation that equips students for direct workforce entry over extended theoretical study.^[48]

Other educational uses

The College of the North Atlantic established a branch campus in Doha, Qatar, in 2002 under the acronym CNA-Q to deliver applied vocational and technical education aligned with Qatar's economic diversification goals, particularly in resource-dependent sectors.^[49] Programs emphasized practical skills in engineering technology, health sciences, information technology, business, and security, with curricula designed for immediate workforce integration, including partnerships with industries in energy, construction, and maritime operations.^[50] ^[51] By its peak, CNA-Q served over 2,500 full-time students and had produced more than 5,000 graduates equipped for roles in Qatar's labor market, where 88% of surveyed alumni reported employment within six months of completion, often in high-demand technical fields.^[52] The campus model prioritized experiential learning, such as lab-based simulations and industry co-ops, contributing to Qatar National Vision 2030 by building local capacity in applied disciplines.^[53] In March 2022, following an Amiri decree, CNA-Q transitioned to full Qatari ownership and was rebranded as the University of Doha for Science and Technology (UDST), expanding to include bachelor's and master's degrees while retaining the focus on vocational readiness; the CNA designation ceased for this entity thereafter.^[54] ^[55]

Technology and Professional Certifications

Certified Novell Administrator

The Certified Novell Administrator (CNA) certification, launched by Novell, Inc. in 1992, served as an entry-level credential for individuals tasked with routine administration of NetWare-based networking environments.^[56] It built on Novell's earlier Certified Novell Engineer (CNE) program, introduced in 1990, by targeting on-site support roles rather than advanced engineering.^[56] Holders demonstrated competence in managing user access, file services, and basic network operations within Novell's client-server architecture, which dominated enterprise LANs during the early 1990s when NetWare captured over 70% of the server OS market by 1994.^[57]^[58] To achieve CNA status, candidates needed to pass a single core exam assessing practical skills in NetWare administration, with options tailored to versions like NetWare 4.x or 5.1.^[59] Topics emphasized directory services via NetWare Directory Services (NDS), security configurations including rights enforcement and authentication, and troubleshooting techniques for server issues, replication errors, and performance bottlenecks.^[60] This focus equipped administrators to handle causal dependencies in hierarchical directory structures and secure multi-server environments, principles rooted in Novell's proprietary protocols predating widespread adoption of standards like LDAP. The CNA's prominence waned as Novell lost ground to Microsoft Active Directory in the late 1990s and early 2000s, leading to NetWare's deprecation and the retirement of related exams by March 2007, after which certifications shifted to legacy status.^[61] Despite this, the program provided enduring insights into client-server network management fundamentals, influencing later vendor-neutral credentials such as CompTIA Network+, though empirical evidence of direct skill transfer remains anecdotal and tied to pre-2000 infrastructures.^[58]

Notable Individuals

People with the initials CNA

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (born 1977) is a Nigerian writer whose initials are C.N.A. She grew up on the campus of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, where her father served as a professor and her mother as the first female registrar.^[62] Adichie achieved prominence with her debut novel Purple Hibiscus (2003), followed by Half of a Yellow Sun (2006), which earned the Orange Broadband Prize for Fiction in 2007 for its depiction of the Biafran War. Her 2013 novel Americanah received the National Book Critics Circle Award for Fiction, addressing race, immigration, and identity through the experiences of a Nigerian woman in the United States. Adichie's nonfiction, including the essay "We Should All Be Feminists" (2014), has influenced global discourse on gender, notably referenced in Beyoncé's song "*Flawless".

Other Uses

Miscellaneous acronyms and terms

In online fandom communities, particularly on platforms such as Tumblr, "CNA" serves as an abbreviation for "Completely Normal About," an ironic expression employed to downplay or mock one's excessive enthusiasm or obsession with a specific character, media franchise, or topic.^[63] This usage contrasts with literal interpretations by signaling hyperbole, often in self-deprecating posts about fan devotion, with attestations dating back several years in fanfiction and role-playing discussions.^[63] Less commonly, "CNA" has appeared in niche technical glossaries as shorthand for "Customer Network Access" in telecommunications contexts, referring to protocols for user connectivity in proprietary systems, though such applications remain specialized and infrequently documented outside vendor-specific manuals. Empirical usage data from acronym databases confirms sporadic adoption in engineering subfields, without widespread standardization.^[64]

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About - Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie was born in Enugu, Nigeria in 1977. She grew up on the campus of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, where her father was a professor.Missing: initials | Show results with:initials
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Completely-Normal-About-Character (CNA or CNAC) term definition
Aug 27, 2024 · It's an ironic expression meant to communicate deep obsession or infatuation with a character, that may or may not be of romantic nature.
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Acronyms Finder and Glossary – BusinessBalls.com
... abbreviation, its origins and precise meaning are far less well known. The ... There is perhaps an explanation, and within the explanation maybe a little ...