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Jaws

Jaws is a 1975 American directed by and based on the 1974 of the same name by . The story follows Police Chief Martin Brody (), who investigates a series of fatal shark attacks on the fictional Amity Island, a summer resort off , , leading to a desperate hunt for the predator with the help of marine biologist Matt Hooper () and grizzled shark hunter Quint (Robert Shaw). Released by on June 20, 1975, the film stars Scheider, Shaw, Dreyfuss, as Brody's wife Ellen, and as Mayor Larry Vaughn, who initially resists closing the beaches to protect the town's economy. With a screenplay by and , Jaws emphasizes suspense through suggestion rather than graphic violence, featuring ' iconic two-note musical motif to heighten tension. The production of Jaws, produced by Richard D. Zanuck and David Brown, faced significant challenges that extended its schedule from 55 days to over 150, primarily due to mechanical failures with the animatronic sharks and unpredictable ocean conditions during filming on location in , . Originally budgeted at $3–4 million, costs ballooned to $9 million as director Spielberg, then 27 years old, navigated these issues, later describing the shoot as a "living nightmare" where "the sea won the battle." These difficulties inadvertently enhanced the film's realism and suspense, as Spielberg relied more on implied threats and practical effects, minimizing visibility. Jaws achieved unprecedented commercial success, grossing $283 million domestically and $212 million internationally for a worldwide total of $495 million against its $9 million budget, making it the highest-grossing film of all time until Star Wars in 1977. It set records for wide distribution, opening on 464 screens with a $2.5 million marketing campaign that pioneered the summer blockbuster model; a 50th anniversary re-release in August 2025 added $12.8 million domestically. Critically acclaimed for its storytelling and effects, the film received Academy Award nominations for Best Picture, Best Film Editing, Best Original Score, and Best Sound, winning Oscars for Editing (Verna Fields), Original Score (John Williams), and Sound. The film's legacy transformed Hollywood's approach to and , establishing the wide-release summer event movie and influencing genres like and , while instilling widespread cultural fear of and ocean swimming. Ranked 56th on the American Film Institute's 2007 list of the 100 greatest American films, Jaws is credited with launching Spielberg's career as a major and remains a benchmark for suspenseful . Adjusted for inflation, its worldwide earnings exceed $2 billion, underscoring its enduring economic and artistic impact.

Anatomy

Vertebrate jaws

jaws are paired, opposable skeletal structures primarily composed of or that enable grasping, biting, and manipulating , distinguishing jawed s (gnathostomes) from jawless forms like lampreys and . The earliest definitive fossils of jaws date to the period, with the oldest known example from approximately 439 million years ago, marking a key evolutionary innovation that allowed early gnathostomes to pursue active predation rather than passive filter feeding. Recent discoveries, such as the 2022 fossil of Qianodus duanensis, provide evidence of early teeth and jaws in stem-gnathostomes, refining the timeline of this transition. The origin of jaws is traced to the modification of the anterior arches in ancestral jawless s, where the first (mandibular arch) transformed into the upper and lower jaw elements, while subsequent arches supported the gills. This evolutionary shift, driven by genetic changes in expression, facilitated the diversification of feeding strategies across , amphibians, reptiles, , and mammals. Anatomically, jaws consist of an upper jaw ( and in bony s, or palatoquadrate in cartilaginous ) and a lower jaw ( or Meckel's derivative), connected by a that varies by group—for instance, the (TMJ) in mammals, which allows both rotation and sliding for precise . Teeth, when present, integrate directly into the bones or , serving as cutting or grinding tools, while powerful adductor muscles such as the masseter and temporalis in mammals provide the force for closure, often exceeding thousands of newtons. In and reptiles, the suspension may involve additional elements like the hyomandibula, which later evolved into the ear bone in tetrapods. The primary function of jaws is feeding, enabling the capture and processing of diverse prey from to large s, but they also serve in , such as in displays, and communication through gestures like yawning in mammals. In some , jaws contribute to sensory roles, housing electroreceptors in or aiding in environmental manipulation. For example, shark jaws feature multiple rows of replaceable teeth embedded in a flexible cartilaginous that protrudes forward during strikes, allowing efficient prey without attachment. Crocodilian jaws exemplify extreme power, with the achieving a bite of up to 16,414 newtons (approximately 3,700 pounds per square inch), supported by robust adductor musculature for ambushing large prey. In humans, jaw adaptations include a reduced size and increased mobility of the TMJ, facilitating articulate speech through precise control of and movements alongside jaw oscillation. Variations and disorders in jaws include , a condition where the protrudes beyond the , observed in certain breeds of and some human populations, often linked to genetic factors influencing craniofacial growth. Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) affect the jaw joint and surrounding muscles, causing pain, clicking, and limited movement, with prevalence estimated at 5-12% in adults due to factors like or . These issues highlight the jaw's vulnerability to misalignment, impacting feeding efficiency and requiring orthodontic interventions in cases of severe deviation.

Invertebrate jaws

Invertebrate jaws encompass a diverse array of mouthpart structures adapted for feeding, , and , distinct from the bony, hinged jaws of vertebrates as they typically consist of chitinous or sclerotized appendages without into a skeletal framework. These analogs evolved independently across phyla, serving analogous functions in prey capture and processing but arising from different developmental origins, such as modified limbs or specialized ribbons. In arthropods, mandibles represent paired, jaw-like mouthparts derived from ancestral appendages, marking a key innovation in the evolution of mandibulates during the Cambrian explosion approximately 540 million years ago. These structures, often sclerotized for durability, facilitate chewing or tearing and vary widely in form; for instance, in insects like beetles, mandibles may feature interlocking mechanisms to grip and process tough plant material or prey. Crustaceans, such as crabs, employ chelae—pincer-like extensions of the second appendages—as crushing tools to break open shells, generating forces sufficient to fracture molluscan defenses. In the Goliath beetle (Goliathus spp.), the mandibles are prominently enlarged, contributing to the insect's overall body length of up to 110 mm and aiding in burrowing and feeding on decaying wood or fruits. Mollusks utilize the , a unique, chitinous ribbon embedded with thousands of microscopic teeth arranged in rows, which functions as a rasping or cutting organ for scraping , , or flesh from substrates. This structure, an autapomorphy of , evolved early in the phylum's history, with the oldest known evidence from the Early indicating its presence in early molluscan ancestors, and it supports diverse feeding strategies from herbivory in gastropods to predation in cephalopods. In squids, the radula complements a pair of robust, chitin-protein beaks that shear through prey like or crustaceans, enabling efficient dismemberment with scissor-like action hardened by cross-linked polymers. Arachnids feature , the foremost appendages innervated by the deutocerebrum, which evolved in chelicerates as versatile tools for grasping and , diverging from mandibulate lineages in the early . In spiders, these fang-like deliver through hollow tips connected to glands, immobilizing prey for subsequent liquefaction and , with basal segments housing the venom apparatus for controlled injection. Adaptations in enhance predatory efficiency, as seen in trap-jaw spiders where hydraulic mechanisms amplify strike speed for rapid capture. Polymorphism further diversifies these structures within ; for example, in , soldier castes exhibit enlarged, scythe-like mandibles specialized for colony defense and dismembering large prey, contrasting with smaller worker mandibles suited for and nest maintenance. Such variations underscore the adaptive roles of jaw analogs in predation, resource exploitation, and social behaviors, often prioritizing mechanical strength over the complex articulation seen in systems.

Arts, entertainment, and media

Films and television

The Jaws film franchise, originating from Steven Spielberg's 1975 adaptation of Peter Benchley's novel, centers on great white shark attacks terrorizing coastal communities and explores humanity's confrontation with primal forces of nature. In the original film, set in the fictional Amity Island during the Fourth of July weekend, a series of fatal shark attacks prompts police chief Martin Brody (Roy Scheider), oceanographer Matt Hooper (Richard Dreyfuss), and veteran shark hunter Quint (Robert Shaw) to hunt the predator after local authorities prioritize tourism over public safety. The production faced significant challenges, including malfunctions with the mechanical shark nicknamed "Bruce" (after Spielberg's lawyer), which frequently broke down in the ocean, leading to delays, budget overruns from $4 million to $9 million, and Spielberg's innovative reliance on suspense through implied threats rather than visible effects. Released on June 20, 1975, Jaws became a cultural phenomenon, grossing $470 million worldwide against its $9 million budget and establishing the template for the summer with wide-release marketing and event-style screenings. Its success not only launched Spielberg's career but also amplified public fear of , influencing debates while pioneering high-concept thrillers focused on man versus nature. The franchise expanded with three sequels, each diminishing in critical acclaim but maintaining commercial viability through escalating shark threats tied to the Brody family. Jaws 2 (1978), directed by , sees a new targeting Amity's waters, drawing Brody into a rescue of teenagers on a trip, earning a 57% approval rating on for its tense action sequences despite formulaic plotting. Jaws 3-D (1983), helmed by Joe Alves, shifts to Florida's aquarium where a massive shark infiltrates the park, killing visitors and staff in a spectacle-heavy narrative criticized for weak 3-D effects and a 10% Rotten Tomatoes score. Jaws: The Revenge (1987), directed by and starring as Ellen , follows the shark's improbable pursuit of the family to , where it meets its end in a melodramatic climax, receiving a dismal 2% on for its illogical premise and over-the-top tone. Collectively, the four films grossed approximately $800 million unadjusted worldwide, underscoring the enduring appeal of their ecological horror themes amid production anecdotes like the shark prop's unreliability that shaped cinematic suspense techniques. In television, direct adaptations are scarce, but Jaws has inspired loosely related projects and frequent pop culture references; the 2011 Syfy film Shark Night echoes its premise of shark attacks on vacationers at a lake house, blending horror with Jaws-style survival thrills. The also appears in cameos and parodies, such as multiple episodes lampooning the original film's iconic scenes, including Quint's boat monologue and the shark's relentless pursuit. Marking the 50th anniversary in 2025, the franchise saw renewed interest with the documentary Jaws @ 50: The Definitive Inside Story, directed by Laurent Bouzereau, which features new interviews with Spielberg, Scheider's family, and production crew detailing the film's chaotic shoot and lasting legacy. Commemorative events included theatrical re-releases with restored prints, Spielberg's personal introduction for an broadcast airing, and revivals of merchandise like shark-themed apparel and collectibles through Universal's partnerships.

Literature

Jaws is a 1974 thriller novel by Peter Benchley, set in the fictional Long Island resort town of Amity, where a rogue great white shark begins terrorizing swimmers during the summer tourist season. The story centers on Police Chief Martin Brody, who discovers the shark's presence after initial attacks and pushes to close the beaches despite opposition from the greedy mayor, Vaughn, who prioritizes the local economy. Brody teams up with young ichthyologist Matt Hooper, sent from the Oceanographic Institute to investigate, and the grizzled shark hunter Quint to track and kill the beast in a tense boat pursuit that culminates in a brutal confrontation at sea. A subplot explores themes of marital discord through Ellen Brody's brief affair with Hooper, highlighting personal vulnerabilities amid the crisis. The novel weaves in themes of environmentalism, portraying the shark not just as a monster but as a symbol of nature's retaliation against human encroachment on the oceans, with Hooper lecturing on overfishing and habitat destruction that drives sharks closer to shore. It critiques human hubris, as characters underestimate the shark's power, reflecting broader societal arrogance toward the natural world, while the infidelity arc underscores moral failings and the fragility of community bonds under pressure. Benchley drew inspiration from the 1916 Jersey Shore shark attacks, a series of five incidents that killed four people and sparked national panic, which informed the novel's depiction of escalating fear and media frenzy in Amity. Published by Doubleday, Jaws became a massive bestseller, selling an estimated 20 million copies worldwide and topping charts for months. The book's portrayal of sharks as relentless predators sparked controversy, fueling public fear that contributed to increased shark hunting in the following decades, a development Benchley later regretted and actively countered through his advocacy for marine conservation. In his later years, he produced documentaries and wrote non-fiction like Shark Trouble (2001) to educate on sharks' ecological role and promote protection efforts. The success of the 1975 film adaptation by further amplified the novel's cultural impact. A 1978 novelization of Jaws 2, written by Hank Searls based on the film's script, continued the story with another shark threatening Amity, focusing on Brody's ongoing paranoia and a new set of attacks on teenagers, though it diverged from Benchley's original characters and tone. Benchley himself did not pen direct sequels but explored similar oceanic themes in works like White Shark (1994), loosely connected through Amity's setting and environmental undertones. Literary analysis positions Jaws as a seminal work in the eco-horror genre, blending with warnings about humanity's exploitation of , influencing later environmental thrillers that feature as avengers against ecological harm. It helped pioneer 1970s eco-horror by grounding supernatural-like terror in real biological and societal issues, paving the way for narratives in books and films that critique , overhunting, and climate disruption. For the 50th anniversary in 2024, a re-release edition included a by Benchley's widow, Wendy Benchley, emphasizing shark conservation and reflecting on the novel's unintended role in raising awareness for ocean protection.

Music

The soundtrack for the 1975 film Jaws was composed and conducted by , with performances by the . Central to the score is the iconic motif, a relentless two-note consisting of an E-F interval, typically rendered on low brass instruments like the to evoke the 's inexorable approach. Williams described the theme as "grinding away at you, just as a would do, instinctual, relentless, unstoppable," integrating it across the to heighten through variations in , , and . This score earned Williams the Academy Award for Best Original Score at the in , marking a pivotal recognition in his career and cementing the music's role in elevating the film's tension. The motif's simplicity and effectiveness have led to its cultural ubiquity, inspiring countless parodies in , and popular media to signal impending danger. Williams returned to score Jaws 2 in 1978, adapting and expanding the original themes with additional motifs to underscore the sequel's escalating threats, while later entries like Jaws 3-D (1983) featured music by Alan Parker, incorporating synthesized elements and new cues distinct from Williams' style. Theme park attractions, such as the former Jaws ride at Universal Studios Florida, utilized excerpts from Williams' score alongside custom sound design to immerse riders in the franchise's auditory world. Beyond the franchise, the name "Jaws" has been adopted by an English indie rock band formed in Birmingham in 2012 and active until 2019, known for their lo-fi, reverb-heavy sound on albums including Be Slowly (2014), Simplicity (2016), and The Ceiling (2019). Jimmy Buffett's 1978 song "Fins," from the album Volcano, draws shark-themed inspiration from the Jaws film, with live performances often opening to bars of Williams' motif and lyrics depicting predatory advances in a beach setting. The Jaws theme has also found a place in classical repertoires, with the London Symphony Orchestra recording and performing it under Williams' direction, as heard on albums like John Williams: A Life in Music (2006), where it stands alongside his other cinematic works. This motif's influence extends to genre scoring, where its dissonance and repetitive structure have become a foundational for building psychological in subsequent films.

Video games and rides

The Jaws franchise has inspired several video games, beginning with the 1987 Nintendo Entertainment System title developed and published by LJN Toys, a side-scrolling action game where players control a boat to hunt the shark across Amity Island locations. This early adaptation emphasized simple gameplay mechanics, such as dodging shark attacks and using harpoons, completing in about 45 minutes despite its repetitive structure. A more ambitious entry arrived with in 2006, developed by and published by for , , and PC, featuring open-world shark simulation where players control the to terrorize coastal areas inspired by the films. The game's mechanics allowed for rampaging through destructible environments, consuming prey like swimmers and sea lions to upgrade abilities, while evading human hunters with boats and explosives, blending action and exploration in levels recreating movie scenes. Mobile gaming saw a resurgence with Jaws.io in 2019, a hyper-casual multiplayer .io title by SRG Studios and , where players navigate boats to hunt or evade the shark in Amity waters, emphasizing quick, competitive sessions with touch controls for steering and attacking. Amusement rides based on Jaws have primarily appeared at Universal parks, with the most prominent being the boat-based attraction at , which opened on March 31, 2001, simulating a of Amity Harbor. Guests board a guided for a skipper-narrated journey featuring practical effects like water sprays, smoke, and a 30-foot animatronic that lunges from submerged pits, culminating in a dramatic finale where the breaches near the vessel. The ride's engineering relied on hydraulic systems for the 's movements and pyrotechnics for explosions, creating immersive tension through synchronized audio from the film's score. At , a similar Jaws-themed operated from 1990 until its permanent closure on January 2, 2012, due to escalating maintenance costs for the aging and water systems, with remnants like the submerged lagoon repurposed into the park's landscape. Elements from the film, such as wreckage from the , were incorporated into the attraction's theming to evoke underwater peril. In 2025, marking the 50th anniversary of the original film, Universal parks introduced Jaws-themed experiences, including interactive displays and photo opportunities at that homage the former Orlando ride's Amity Boat Tours, such as replica skipper interactions and anniversary merchandise tied to the attraction's legacy. As of November 2025, is hosting the "50th Anniversary of the Movie's Release: JAWS Celebration" event from November 19, 2025, to January 4, 2026, featuring special theming for the ride.

People

Fictional characters

One of the most recognizable fictional characters named Jaws is the towering henchman from the James Bond film series, introduced in The Spy Who Loved Me (1977) and returning in Moonraker (1979). Portrayed by actor Richard Kiel, who stood at 7 feet 2 inches tall, Jaws serves as a professional assassin for the villain Karl Stromberg in the first film, employing his signature stainless-steel teeth as both a weapon and a defining trait to dispatch victims by biting. These custom metal dentures allow Jaws to survive extreme ordeals, such as killing a shark by biting it after being dropped into its tank during the escape from Stromberg's lair. In Moonraker, Jaws switches allegiance to Hugo Drax's organization but undergoes a redemption arc after developing a romance with the bespectacled Dolly, prompting him to betray Drax and assist James Bond in thwarting the plot. His improbable survivals include clinging to a cable car support with his teeth after a crash off Sugarloaf Mountain and drifting into space unharmed alongside Dolly after the destruction of Drax's space station. Across media, characters named Jaws frequently draw on tropes of exaggerated bite strength and physical invincibility, as with the Bond henchman's metallic maw enabling superhuman feats like cable-biting escapes. These figures often feature redemption narratives, mirroring Jaws' shift from remorseless killer to unlikely ally in Moonraker, which humanizes the archetype and influenced later villain arcs in action cinema.

Real individuals

Richard Kiel (1943–2014) was an American actor renowned for his imposing 7-foot-2-inch stature and distinctive features, which led to him being colloquially known as "Jaws" following his iconic portrayal of the steel-toothed henchman in the James Bond films The Spy Who Loved Me (1977) and Moonraker (1979). His nickname stemmed from the character's prominent metal teeth and Kiel's own prominent jawline, amplified by his height, though colleagues primarily referred to him as "the Gentle Giant" due to his affable personality. Kiel appeared in over 50 films and TV shows, including roles as a slave in The Nutt House (1992) and Voltaire in The Twilight Zone (1961), but his Bond association overshadowed earlier work like the villainous alien in Eegah! (1962). In sports, (born 1951), a former quarterback, earned the nickname "Jaws" from Philadelphia 76ers player Doug Collins in the late 1970s, derived from Jaworski's surname, the popularity of the Jaws film, and his loquacious nature. Jaworski played 17 seasons, primarily with the , where he threw for 22,802 yards and 154 touchdowns, leading the team to in 1981; post-retirement, he became a prominent analyst. Darrell Waltrip (born 1947), a Hall of Famer, received the moniker "Jaws" from rival driver in the for his outspoken personality and aggressive on-track style, evoking the relentless from . Waltrip secured 84 Cup Series wins, including three championships (1981, 1982, 1985), and later transitioned to , covering races for until 2019. Osvaldo "Jaws" Ocasio (born 1955), a Puerto Rican , acquired his nickname after biting an opponent during a sparring session in his early career, highlighting his ferocious in-ring tenacity. Competing as a and from the to , Ocasio won the WBA cruiserweight title in 1982 by defeating Juan Ruiz and defended it twice before losing to in 1983. In extreme sports, skateboarder Aaron "Jaws" Homoki (born 1990) got his nickname in his youth due to wearing braces, humorously likened to the toothy villain from Jaws, despite his laid-back demeanor. Known for massive drops and gaps, Homoki has appeared in Thrasher Magazine videos like True Blue Retrospect (2012) and earned multiple X Games medals, including gold in street (2013). Fitness coach and amateur boxer Julie "Jaws" Nelson adopted her nickname from a childhood passion for swimming and fascination with sharks, inspired by the Jaws movie, which aligned with her later boxing pursuits. A former Broadway performer and Adidas ambassador, Nelson has led HIIT boxing workouts and modeled for brands like Athleta, blending dance, fitness, and combat sports in New York City's scene. These individuals' nicknames often derive from physical traits like strong jawlines, aggressive personas evoking biting or shark-like ferocity, or cultural ties to the film Jaws, reflecting associations with power, resilience, or verbal prowess across entertainment and athletics.

Computing and technology

Screen readers

JAWS, or Job Access With Speech, is a software developed by Freedom Scientific for visually impaired computer users, enabling them to access and interact with graphical user interfaces by converting on-screen text and elements into synthesized speech output via text-to-speech technology. Released initially for Windows in 1995, it has become a cornerstone of , allowing users to navigate applications, web browsers, and the operating system without visual reliance. The software's origins trace back to the mid-1980s when programmer Ted Henter, motivated by his own experiences with vision loss, co-developed the initial JAWS code for alongside Rex Skipper at Henter-Joyce Performance Systems, a company he co-founded in 1987 with Bill Joyce. In 2000, Henter-Joyce merged with Blazie Engineering and Arkenstone to form Freedom Scientific, under whose Blind and Low Vision Group JAWS continues to be produced and updated. The Windows version has evolved through annual releases, with the latest being JAWS 2026 as of 2025, featuring enhanced compatibility with and 11, seamless integration with major web browsers like and , and support for modern applications. While alternatives like the open-source NVDA exist, JAWS remains a paid, professional-grade option prized for its robustness in enterprise environments. JAWS offers a suite of key features tailored to enhance , including support for refreshable Braille displays that translate screen content into tactile output for users preferring reading. Its allows customization for specific applications, enabling developers and users to create tailored navigation commands and automate repetitive tasks. Voice commands further empower hands-free operation, with users able to issue instructions via to control reading speed, skip elements, or perform actions like opening menus. As an accessibility standard, JAWS facilitates compliance with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) by providing reliable verbalization of semantic HTML elements, form controls, and dynamic content, helping organizations meet legal requirements for digital inclusivity. It is widely adopted globally, with surveys indicating it as the primary screen reader for over 40% of desktop users in recent polls, underscoring its impact on empowering visually impaired individuals in education, employment, and daily computing. Recent updates in the 2026 version build on prior AI integrations with enhancements like improved support for the HID (Human Interface Device) Braille protocol, allowing automatic recognition of compatible products.

Other software and tools

In computing, several software tools and frameworks have borne the name "Jaws," distinct from accessibility-focused applications like the JAWS screen reader. One prominent example is JAWS, a Java-based framework developed for building high-performance web servers. Created at Washington University in St. Louis and Vanderbilt University, JAWS applies design patterns and middleware techniques to support concurrent and networked applications, enabling efficient handling of dynamic web content through features like event-driven reactors and thread pools. The framework, detailed in a late 1990s publication, was part of broader efforts in domain-specific application frameworks and remained influential into the 2000s for prototyping scalable server architectures. Another notable implementation is the Jaws Framework and (CMS), an open-source PHP-based tool for developing dynamic websites. Released in the mid-2000s, Jaws emphasized user-friendliness with modular customization options, allowing non-developers to manage content while providing developers with extensible gadgets and themes for building portals, blogs, and e-commerce sites. Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License for its core components, it supported databases and integrated features like for syndication, making it suitable for small to medium-scale web projects during its active period. The project saw releases up to version 1.8.0 around 2018 but has since become discontinued, with its repository archived on showing no updates thereafter. These Jaws-named tools reflect early 2000s naming conventions in , where evocative or acronymic names like JAWS (potentially standing for Java Adaptive in informal contexts) highlighted performance and adaptability amid the rise of web technologies. Over time, such specialized frameworks evolved into modern alternatives; for instance, the reactive patterns in the Java JAWS influenced contemporary libraries like Netty for server-side development, while PHP-based CMS like Jaws paved the way for more robust systems such as or , prioritizing scalability and ecosystem integration over bespoke modularity.

Other uses

Rescue equipment

The Jaws of Life is a of hydraulic rescue tools invented in 1961 by George Hurst, a car parts manufacturer, initially designed to extricate race drivers from wreckage following high-speed accidents. These tools revolutionized emergency response by providing a faster alternative to manual methods or less efficient cutting devices, enabling rescuers to pry apart or shear through deformed metal structures. Key components include spreaders, which force apart metal panels or frames; cutters, capable of shearing through up to several inches thick; , which extend or retract to push or pull obstacles; and combination tools that integrate spreading and cutting functions in a single unit. All are powered by hydraulic pumps, which can be gasoline-driven, electrically operated, or, in modern variants, battery-integrated for portability. Primarily applied in during auto accidents, the tools have also been adapted for operations and structural collapses, such as disentangling victims from debris in building failures. Following demonstrations to fire departments in 1965, widespread adoption began, with the first rescue use occurring in 1963 at a incident; since then, these systems have contributed to saving tens of thousands of lives worldwide. The brand was acquired by in 2017. Over time, the technology has evolved from heavy, hose-dependent units to lighter, battery-powered models like the eDRAULIC line, which eliminate external power units for greater mobility. Recent advancements, including the CONNECT series introduced in 2022, incorporate smart connectivity for performance monitoring while supporting extrication in electric vehicles, where protocols address risks such as during cutting or spreading.

Brands and products

JAWS International, Ltd., known for its Just Add Water System (JAWS), produces refillable, concentrated cleaning products designed for household and commercial use, emphasizing by reducing plastic waste through cartridge-based refills. Founded in 2002 by Bruce Yacko, the initially focused on eco-friendly formulations using safer chemicals, with products like multi-surface cleaners, kitchen sprays, glass cleaners, and hardwood floor solutions that users dilute with water in reusable bottles. The system has been recognized for environmental impact, earning the U.S. EPA's Safer Choice Partner of the Year award in 2023 for its formulation of low-toxicity cleaners. Another consumer brand, Jaws Products (Just Add Water Solutions), specializes in eco-friendly accessories for water sports, land sports, and industrial applications, founded in 2003 by a water sports enthusiast. Starting with a single "spit antifog" solution for dive masks, the line expanded to include mold-release removers like "" and other maintenance products, distributed through over 600 U.S. dealers and available internationally. These items target adventurers seeking durable, non-toxic gear to enhance performance and comfort in outdoor activities. In the beverage sector, a shark-themed Jaws energy drink emerged as a limited-edition product in 2025 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Jaws, marketed by various nutrition outlets with flavors like , , , and cherry for a refreshing, vitamin-enriched boost. This short-lived offering capitalized on the film's imagery to appeal to fans, blending pop culture with functional energy benefits. The use of "Jaws" in these brands often navigates trademark challenges due to the fame of Universal Pictures' Jaws mark, which the U.S. Trademark Trial and Appeal Board has upheld as broadly protective, refusing registrations in unrelated fields like cooking shows to prevent consumer confusion. This has led to selective licensing or careful branding to evoke strength and durability—qualities associated with the film's shark—while avoiding direct infringement on the franchise's .

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