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China Room

The China Room is a dedicated exhibition space on the Ground Floor of the White House, the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States, housing the historic collection of presidential china, silver, and glassware used across nearly every administration from George Washington onward.^[1]^[2] The room's origins trace back to 1903, when First Lady Edith Roosevelt began organizing the White House's scattered tableware into display cabinets along the lower corridor to preserve these artifacts as official government property.^[1] In 1917, First Lady Edith Bolling Wilson formalized this effort by converting a Ground Floor parlor—previously used as a billiard room—into the "Presidential Collection Room," later renamed the China Room, to provide a permanent, centralized showcase for the expanding collection.^[1]^[2] The collection, meticulously arranged in chronological order starting to the right of the fireplace, encompasses official state china services commissioned or selected by first ladies for diplomatic entertaining, alongside personal family pieces, with funding historically drawn from government appropriations and proceeds from auctions of outdated White House furnishings.^[1]^[2] Notable examples include the Hayes service (1879) with its blue bands and gold presidential seals, the Roosevelt service (1902) featuring natural motifs, and the Truman service (1951) in an apple green rimmed with gold eagles.^[1] Significant renovations have shaped the room's aesthetic over time: following the 1952 White House reconstruction, new custom cabinets were installed, and in 1970, First Lady Pat Nixon oversaw a redecoration in a red color scheme inspired by Grace Coolidge's 1924 portrait—now prominently displayed—which includes red silk taffeta draperies, red velvet-lined mahogany cases, an early 20th-century Indo-Ispahan rug, and an English Regency-style cut-glass chandelier from circa 1800.^[1]^[2] The furnishings also feature authentic Chippendale side chairs used by George Washington during his presidencies in New York and Philadelphia.^[2] Complementing the tableware displays is Ferdinand Richardt's 1858 oil painting "View on the Mississippi Fifty-Seven Miles Below St. Anthony Falls, Minneapolis", which adds a layer of 19th-century American landscape art to the room's historical narrative.^[2] Through these elements, the China Room offers public visitors a tangible connection to the evolving traditions of presidential hospitality and the material culture of the executive branch.^[1]

Overview

Description and Purpose

The China Room serves as a dedicated exhibition space within the White House executive residence, showcasing the historic collection of state china, silver, and glassware used by presidential administrations since its establishment in 1917.^[1] Originally designated the "Presidential Collection Room" by First Lady Edith Wilson, the room was created to organize and display the growing assortment of White House tableware, transforming a former cloakroom into a curated showcase of presidential heritage.^[3] This museum-like function highlights the evolution of American diplomacy and hospitality, with displays arranged chronologically to represent nearly every president from George Washington onward.^[1] The room's significance lies in its role as a tangible link to White House traditions, preserving items that reflect the tastes and priorities of past first families while serving practical purposes in the residence. First Ladies have historically utilized the space for intimate gatherings, such as teas, meetings, and smaller receptions, allowing for personal engagement with its historical contents.^[4] The collection spans a broad timeline, featuring 18th-century export china acquired for early administrations alongside modern commissioned services from the 21st century, emphasizing continuity in presidential entertaining.^[1] As of November 2025, the China Room remains accessible on the ground floor of the White House, facilitating private events hosted by the first family; public tours, which include the room, are suspended but scheduled to resume in December 2025.^[1]^[5] This placement enhances its utility as an approachable venue, balancing educational outreach with the intimate scale suitable for selective hospitality functions.^[2]

Location and Access

The China Room is situated on the south side of the Ground Floor Corridor in the White House, serving as the second room along this pathway.^[6] It occupies a position adjacent to the Vermeil Room to the west and near the Diplomatic Reception Room to the east, facilitating a logical progression within the mansion's lower-level layout.^[6] This placement integrates the space into the overall flow of the Ground Floor, which connects service areas like the Map Room and Library to more public-oriented rooms, enhancing the corridor's role as a transitional zone originally renovated in 1902 to accommodate visitors.^[6] Architecturally, the room retains elements from the 1902 renovation led by architect Charles McKim, including late Georgian-style moldings and robust cove details that contribute to its formal yet intimate character.^[7] The walls feature paneling crafted from salvaged timbers exposed during the 1948–1952 Truman reconstruction, adding a layer of historical depth to the space.^[6] Access to the China Room is incorporated into standard self-guided public tours of the White House, which traverse the Ground Floor alongside rooms like the Vermeil Room and Library, allowing visitors to view the displays under supervised conditions.^[8] These tours are generally available Tuesday through Thursday (7:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m.) and Friday through Saturday (7:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m.), requested via a Member of Congress, and were expanded in 2024 to include Ground Floor spaces such as the Diplomatic Reception Room for broader public engagement; however, as of November 2025, public tours are suspended with resumption planned for December 2025.^[9]^[5] Entry is restricted during official events or for security reasons, with the room occasionally serving private functions for the First Family.^[10] Prior to the 1902 McKim renovation under President Theodore Roosevelt, the Ground Floor—including the area now known as the China Room—was primarily utilitarian and not open to the public; the overhaul transformed it into an accessible exhibition space, marking the beginning of regular visitor tours.^[6]

History

Establishment of the China Collection (Late 19th–Early 20th Century)

The establishment of the White House's China Collection began in the late 19th century under First Lady Caroline Harrison, who in 1889 initiated efforts to gather and preserve pieces of presidential china for display in what was then a small ground-floor space. Harrison, an avid china painter, systematically searched the White House for remnant services from previous administrations, repairing and cataloging them to highlight their historical significance. This marked the first formal effort to collect and exhibit these items, including early acquisitions such as Chinese export porcelain used by George Washington during his presidency and the Parisian service associated with James Madison, which had been pressed into use after the British burning of the White House.^[11]^[12]^[13] In 1902, during the major White House renovations overseen by Theodore Roosevelt, First Lady Edith Roosevelt expanded the collection by acquiring additional services, notably the Monroe china pattern originally commissioned in 1817. She directed the creation of specialized display cabinets on the ground floor to protect and showcase the growing assortment of ceramics, silver, and glassware, building on Harrison's foundation to emphasize the White House's role as a repository of presidential history.^[14] These efforts formalized the collection's presentation, transitioning it from scattered artifacts to a cohesive exhibit amid the architectural updates of the era. By 1917, the collection had outgrown its informal arrangements, prompting First Lady Edith Wilson to designate a dedicated ground-floor space as the "Presidential Collection Room"—later known as the China Room—to house the expanding holdings. Prior to this, pieces were stored haphazardly in areas like the butler's pantry or closets, risking damage and limiting public access, which underscored the need for a secure, purpose-built venue.^[15] Wilson's initiative ensured the collection's preservation and visibility, establishing the room as a permanent showcase for White House tableware from Washington onward.

Initial Design and Early Renovations (1902–1940s)

Prior to the 1902 renovation, the space that would become the China Room served as utilitarian quarters for a fireman employed by President Martin Van Buren to maintain the White House's furnace.^[6] This ground-floor area was part of the mansion's service spaces, reflecting its original private and functional role rather than public exhibition.^[16] During the extensive White House overhaul directed by architect Charles Follen McKim in 1902 under President Theodore Roosevelt, the room was transformed into a cloakroom to support the expanded public entertainment functions of the renovated ground floor.^[6] McKim's Beaux-Arts-inspired updates integrated the space into the broader architectural flow, converting it from private utility to a more accessible area while enhancing overall lighting and structural cohesion for guest reception.^[17] This shift marked the room's initial evolution toward public use, aligning with Roosevelt's vision for a modernized executive residence.^[18] In 1917, during President Woodrow Wilson's administration, First Lady Edith Bolling Galt Wilson repurposed the cloakroom as a dedicated display space for the presidential china collection, formally establishing it as the China Room without significant structural alterations.^[1] This adaptation emphasized the room's educational and historical purpose, transitioning it fully into an exhibition area accessible to visitors.^[2] Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, minor adjustments accommodated the expanding collection, including refinements to shelving for better organization and enhanced security measures to protect the growing assortment of ceramics.^[19] By the mid-1920s, under President Calvin Coolidge, the room adopted a red color scheme inspired by Howard Chandler Christy's 1924 portrait of First Lady Grace Coolidge, which influenced the velvet-lined shelves and overall decor to create a cohesive, dignified ambiance.^[20] These subtle updates under Presidents Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt maintained the room's foundational design while supporting its role as a preserved historical space, with the collection continuing to expand through new presidential services.^[1]

Mid-Century Redecorations (1948–1970)

During the Truman administration, the China Room was fully rebuilt as part of the comprehensive White House renovation from 1948 to 1952, necessitated by severe structural instability identified in the late 1940s, including sagging floors, cracking plaster, and risks of collapse that affected the entire building, including the ground floor.^[21]^[22] Engineers gutted the interiors, installing a new steel skeleton, reinforced concrete columns extending 25 feet deep, and solid interior walls to ensure stability for heavy display cases.^[23] The room received pine paneling crafted from salvaged original White House timbers, evoking historical continuity while modernizing the space.^[6] This overhaul also incorporated improved climate control through new HVAC systems, including air conditioning, to safeguard the fragile china from humidity and temperature fluctuations.^[24] New built-in cabinets were added to securely house and display the presidential china collection, transforming the room into a more protected exhibit space.^[1] In 1963, under the Kennedy administration, the China Room received an aesthetic redecoration led by French designer Stéphane Boudin, who introduced gray-glazed walls complemented by red velvet draperies trimmed with red and white silk fringe at the single window.^[25] The scheme emphasized a vibrant palette of gray, white, and red, with red velvet lining the china cabinet shelves and upholstering the settee, drawing inspiration from Howard Chandler Christy's 1924 portrait of Grace Coolidge that hangs above the mantel.^[26] Enhanced lighting was integrated to spotlight the displays, improving visibility and highlighting the intricate details of the porcelain pieces against the neutral backdrop.^[25] This update elevated the room's elegance while prioritizing the china as focal points in a refined, gallery-like setting. The Johnson administration (1963–1968) maintained the China Room without significant redecorations, emphasizing routine upkeep and expansions to the collection to preserve its post-Kennedy appearance amid broader White House preservation efforts.^[27] In 1970, First Lady Pat Nixon directed a redecoration of the China Room, working with White House Curator Clement Conger to retain the established red color scheme—anchored by the Coolidge portrait—while introducing subtle updates for a more polished look.^[28]^[2] Architect Edward Vason Jones contributed to the design, adding Federal-style cove moldings and off-white walls that softened the space, with red accents preserved in fabrics and details to maintain warmth and historical resonance.^[29] These changes aligned with the era's push toward formal, museum-quality presentation, underscoring the room's role in showcasing American heritage.^[14]

Subsequent Updates and Usage (1970–Present)

Since the 1970 redecoration led by First Lady Pat Nixon, the China Room has undergone no major structural changes, maintaining its role as a dedicated exhibition space for presidential china and related artifacts on the White House Ground Floor.^[1] Periodic conservation efforts by the White House Curator's office and the Committee for the Preservation of the White House have focused on preserving the collection through routine maintenance, such as monitoring environmental conditions to protect delicate porcelain and glassware from humidity and light exposure.^[30] During the Reagan and Clinton administrations, the room saw increased public access as part of expanded White House tour programs, with First Ladies Nancy Reagan and Hillary Clinton occasionally leading or highlighting visits to showcase the historical collection during smaller receptions and educational events.^[31] Minor cosmetic refreshes, including subtle updates to lighting for better artifact visibility, occurred without altering the core 1970 design, emphasizing the room's function for informal gatherings like teas.^[32] In the Bush and Obama eras, new presidential china services were integrated into the displays, with the George W. Bush Lenox service added in 2001 and the Obama service unveiled in the room in 2015, enhancing the collection's representation of modern administrations.^[2] Improvements to shelving and LED lighting in the 2000s supported better preservation by reducing ultraviolet exposure on the ceramics, as part of broader White House sustainability initiatives.^[33] Under the Trump administration (2017–2021), no new china was commissioned due to time and cost constraints, with the Clinton-era bicentennial service from 2000 continuing in use for official functions.^[34] The Biden administration (2021–January 2025) maintained the room's traditional usage for holiday displays and public tours, notably decorating it under the 2024 theme "A Season of Peace and Light," which featured serene lighting and seasonal accents around the china exhibits.^[35] Emphasis shifted toward digital documentation, including high-resolution virtual tours of the room launched by the White House Historical Association to broaden global access, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic when in-person visits were suspended from 2020 to 2022.^[31]^[36] Following the inauguration of the second Trump administration on January 20, 2025, the China Room has continued to function as a public exhibition space with no major renovations reported as of November 2025. In the second Trump administration (2025–present), the room has maintained its exhibition function, with public tours resuming in October 2025 via an updated route due to East Wing construction. No new china service or redecorations have been announced as of November 2025.^[37] The China Room has played a key role in White House Historical Association initiatives, such as educational programs and publications documenting the collection's evolution, while prioritizing sustainability through energy-efficient upgrades without compromising historical integrity.^[30]

Displays and Furnishings

State China Collection

The State China Collection in the China Room features shelves arranged chronologically by presidential administration, displaying representative pieces of official and personal china services from George Washington in the 1790s through Barack Obama in 2015.^[38] This organization allows visitors to trace the evolution of White House tableware, beginning with early Chinese export porcelain used by Washington, characterized by a chainlink border incorporating the names of 15 states, and extending to Obama's modern blue-and-white service.^[1] The displays are housed in red velvet-lined cabinets, emphasizing the historical significance of each service in state dinners and formal events.^[2] Key services highlight distinct designs and influences across eras. James Madison's 1814 French porcelain includes a punch bowl with a blue-and-gold border supported by three Graces figures.^[38] Abraham Lincoln's 1860s service, known for its purple-rimmed plates with the U.S. Coat of Arms, was the first selected entirely by a First Lady, Mary Todd Lincoln.^[39] Woodrow Wilson's 1918 Lenox service introduced the first fully American-made presidential china, featuring a deep blue border with gold presidential seals.^[38] Franklin D. Roosevelt's 1934 Lenox design features an ivory background with a navy blue band dotted with gold stars and the presidential seal in the center, with the border pattern personally designed by the president, accented in cobalt blue and gold.^[38] Harry S. Truman's 1951 Lenox service uses cream-colored bone china with a gilded eagle and presidential seal.^[40] John F. Kennedy's 1961 Lenox pattern features white porcelain with a wide gold band and the presidential seal in burnished gold.^[39] Ronald Reagan's 1981 Lenox service revives elements of Wilson's design with an ivory background, apple blossom borders, and gold presidential seals.^[41] Bill Clinton's 2000 Lenox service, commemorating the White House's bicentennial, features a pale creamy yellow border with images of the White House facade and gold accents.^[42] Barack Obama's 2015 Pickard China service, dubbed "Kailua Blue," employs blue borders inspired by Hawaiian waters on white porcelain, produced in 320 eleven-piece place settings for practicality and durability.^[43]^[44] Notable patterns reflect recurring themes and reuses due to the expense and longevity of custom services. Materials predominantly include fine porcelain and bone china, with Lenox as a frequent designer for twentieth-century administrations, producing durable, American-made pieces for Wilson, FDR, Truman, Kennedy, Reagan, and Clinton.^[38]^[42] Reuses are common to conserve resources; for instance, the Carter administration employed Lincoln's purple-rimmed service for state functions, while the Reagan White House occasionally drew from earlier patterns like Truman's. The Trump administration relied on existing stock, including Clinton's red-and-white service mixed with Kennedy's gold-rimmed pieces for dinners.^[45] Preservation efforts ensure the collection's integrity, with pieces designated as inalienable government property since 1961 under Public Law 87-286, preventing sales or private ownership.^[1] Curators maintain condition through careful handling, destroying irreparably damaged items to avoid souvenir misuse, and occasionally loaning select pieces to institutions like the Smithsonian.^[1] Additions continue via the White House Historical Association, which has funded services since 1968. The collection represents over 20 official state services, with thousands of pieces spanning nearly 200 years of presidential history, though not every administration commissioned a new set.^[38]^[40] As of 2025, no new services have been introduced under Donald Trump or Joe Biden, with ongoing reliance on prior administrations' designs to fill gaps.^[1]

Other Furnishings

The floor of the China Room is covered by an early 20th-century Indo-Isfahan rug in Persian style, characterized by intricate patterns in red and blue tones that enhance the room's overall red decorative scheme.^[2] Illumination is provided by a cut-glass chandelier in the English Regency style, dating to circa 1800 and positioned to highlight the shelves holding the china displays.^[2] The walls and accents incorporate red velvet linings in the cabinets, added during the Nixon administration in 1970 and drawn from the red gown in Howard Chandler Christy's portrait of First Lady Grace Coolidge, along with silk taffeta draperies that maintain the cohesive color palette.^[46]^[2] On the mantelpiece rest a pair of late 18th-century tureens glazed in red and green slip, serving as non-presidential decorative elements that add historical depth without belonging to any state service. Artwork in the room includes Ferdinand Richardt's 1858 oil painting View on the Mississippi Fifty-Seven Miles Below St. Anthony Falls, Minneapolis, hung above the mantel, as well as period portraits such as that of Grace Coolidge and select still lifes that evoke early American themes.^[2]^[47] Furniture comprises custom shelving units installed following the 1952 White House renovation, designed with glass fronts to protect and showcase the collections, alongside Chippendale sidechairs originally used by George Washington during his presidential residences in New York and Philadelphia.^[1]^[2] Occasional tables are incorporated for temporary event arrangements, ensuring flexibility while preserving the room's formal aesthetic. These elements, including the rug, chandelier, velvet accents, artworks, and furniture, are chosen to align with the Federal style prevalent in White House interiors, creating a harmonious backdrop for the ceramic exhibits.^[2] Maintenance of these furnishings has been integrated into periodic room updates to preserve their condition and stylistic integrity.^[1]

References

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Official White House China: From the 18th to the 21st Centuries
Located on the Ground Floor, the White House China Room, seen here in 2007, has been used since 1917 as exhibition space for White House ceramics, glass, and ...
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China Room Art and Furnishings
The "Presidential Collection Room", now the China Room, was designated by Mrs. Woodrow Wilson in 1917 to display the growing collection of White House china.
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Décor & Art: Rooms | The White House
First Lady Michelle Obama · Dr. Jill Biden · The Cabinet · Senior White House ... China Room. East Garden Room. Prev Next. Entrance Hall. The public in the Grand ...
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In 1917, First Lady Edith Wilson created the China Room, now home to the famous White House collection. The red theme in the room matches the red dress worn ...
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The white marble walls of the Ground Floor corridor complement the vaulted ceiling arching gracefully overhead. Architect James Hoban installed the groin ...
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[PDF] Public Spaces of the White House - Cloudfront.net
Image 4: The White House China Room located on the Ground. Floor. The room has been used since 1917 as exhibition space for. White House ceramics, glass, and ...
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Ballroom construction paused White House tours for months, but ...
Oct 22, 2025 · The tours included public rooms in the East Wing as well as the Vermeil Room, Library, China Room, Blue Room, Red Room, Green Room and State ...<|control11|><|separator|>
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Oct 8, 2021 · Upon stepping into the White House China Room, visitors encounter tableware from nearly every presidential administration or first family.
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Today, the China Room—located on the Ground Floor of the White House—is dedicated to displaying the official White House China Collection featuring pieces from ...
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Sep 1, 2021 · This plan shows First Lady Caroline Harrison's proposed White House extension, including a “historical art wing. ... White House China Room ...
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[PDF] White House China Room - Gerald R. Ford Museum
The White House China Room contains pieces of Presidential china representing nearly two hundred years. Until the order made during the.
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Her lasting contribution was the establishment of the China Room in 1917 to display presidential tableware. The Wilsons also ordered the first American-made ...
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... Diplomatic Reception Room, McKim made it a cloakroom in 1902. The ... The China Room in the Truman era, circa 1954 (White House postcard). The ...
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Located on the Ground Floor of the White House, the China Room ...
Oct 19, 2021 · The collection features china used by first families, as well as pieces commissioned by presidents and first ladies.<|control11|><|separator|>
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The White House Collection: The Beaux Arts Furnishing of 1902
One of the principal goals that governed the architectural changes made to the White House in 1902 by McKim, Mead & White—to refurnish the interior of the b ...Missing: moldings | Show results with:moldings
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China Room in the 1920s, White House Collection
This circa 1920s image of a cabinet in the China Room shows various china and glassware displayed as if in a pantry. This method of exhibition soon became ...<|separator|>
[19]
Grace Goodhue Coolidge, White House Collection
The portrait hangs in the White House China Room, which was decorated in a shade of red to match Mrs. Coolidge's dress. Calvin Coolidge was president from ...
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Early in 1948, in response to the President Truman's concerns, engineers confirmed that the White House was structurally weak and in danger of collapse.Missing: China instability
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The room was redecorated to a vibrant grey, white, and red color scheme. The red velvet used for the settee and to line the china cabinet shelves was inspired ...
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China Room. The China Room once served as a bedroom for a fireman hired by Van Buren to stoke the furnace that was housed in the Diplomatic Reception Room.
[26]
White House Decorative Arts in the 1960s
Kennedy, President and Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson inherited a White House whose state rooms were largely furnished with early 19th century pieces. In 1964, to ...
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Today, the White House has a room on the Ground Floor dedicated to displaying various administrations' plates and cups, which have grown into an official ...
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This immersive experience will bring you inside the halls of the White House and provide access to all the public rooms on the Ground and State Floors.Missing: China COVID- 19
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The "Presidential Collection Room", now the China Room, was designated by Mrs. Woodrow Wilson in 1917 to display the growing collection of White House china.
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President Barack Obama previews the new Obama White House China pattern on display in the China Room of the White House, April 23, 2015.Missing: Reagan Clinton Trump usage<|control11|><|separator|>
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Jan 21, 2021 · The Trump administration will not have its own signature collection to display in the White House China Room – another departure from protocol for the outgoing ...Missing: Biden | Show results with:Biden
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Dec 2, 2024 · The theme of this year's holiday decorations is "A Season of Peace and Light. ... The China Room in the White House is decorated for the holidays.
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Apr 15, 2022 · It was first called the Presidential Collection Room, but in 1917, Edith Bolling Galt Wilson, President Woodrow Wilson's second wife ...
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Which Administration Had the Chicest White House China?
Oct 11, 2016 · Clinton, 2000 First lady Hillary Clinton oversaw the production of 300 12-piece Lenox settings to commemorate the White House's 200th ...<|control11|><|separator|>
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First Lady Michelle Obama designed the service, drawing inspiration from the French china service in the White House collection that belonged to President ...
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This exhibit explores the history of slavery and emancipation in the United States through art, furnishings, chinaware, and other objects in the White House.Missing: era | Show results with:era
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Every presidential china service ordered during the nineteenth century included a dessert service. Nineteenth century presidents who ordered a china set while ...
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Apr 27, 2015 · The original personal service, made by Nast of Paris, was probably used by the Madisons in their temporary official residences after the British ...
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Truman service As a result of the 1948–1952 White House renovation, the State Dining Room color was changed, and the Trumans wanted a new china service to ...Missing: 1948-1970 | Show results with:1948-1970
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Jun 5, 2025 · For the occasion, one of the Tafts' several thousand guests gifted a tea and coffee set to the president and first lady. The set, featuring a ...
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The red velvet used for the settee and to line the china cabinet shelves was inspired by the gown seen in Howard Chandler Christy's portrait of First Lady Grace ...
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"View on the Mississippi Fifty-Seven Miles Below St. Anthony Falls, Minneapolis" (1858), by Ferdinand Richardt (1819-1895). Oil on canvas.Missing: painting | Show results with:painting