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Wilson

Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924) was an American academic, politician, and statesman who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921.^[1]^[2] A leader of the Progressive Era, Wilson expanded the federal government's role in the economy through landmark legislation including the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, which established the central banking system, and the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, which strengthened regulations against monopolies and unfair business practices.^[3] His administration also lowered tariffs via the Underwood Tariff Act and introduced the first permanent federal income tax following the ratification of the 16th Amendment.^[3] During World War I, Wilson initially pursued neutrality but led the U.S. into the conflict in 1917, mobilizing the economy and society on an unprecedented scale while articulating the Fourteen Points plan for postwar peace, which emphasized national self-determination and culminated in his unsuccessful push for U.S. membership in the League of Nations.^[3] These efforts reshaped the modern presidency by centralizing executive power and orienting American foreign policy toward international engagement.^[3] Wilson's tenure, however, included significant controversies rooted in racial policies and wartime measures. His administration systematically segregated the federal civil service, including departments like the Post Office, Treasury, and Navy, effectively reversing integration achieved under prior Republican presidents and leading to the dismissal or demotion of Black employees.^[4]^[5] Wilson defended such segregation privately on pseudoscientific grounds of racial inferiority and hosted screenings of the pro-Ku Klux Klan film The Birth of a Nation at the White House.^[4] Additionally, to enforce wartime unity, his Justice Department prosecuted over 2,000 individuals under the Espionage Act of 1917 and Sedition Act of 1918, resulting in suppressed dissent, including against socialists and pacifists, and marking a low point for civil liberties.^[3] A debilitating stroke in 1919 left Wilson partially incapacitated, with his wife Edith managing access to him and effectively influencing decisions until the end of his term, amid Senate rejection of the Versailles Treaty.^[3] Wilson's legacy endures as a transformative figure who advanced domestic reforms and global idealism but whose racial animus and authoritarian tendencies during crises have drawn increasing scrutiny, particularly given the empirical reversal of Black federal employment gains and the precedent for executive overreach.^[3]^[6] Historians have ranked him variably, often in the upper tier for visionary leadership but critiqued for policies that entrenched division and curtailed freedoms.^[3]

Etymology and origins

Surname derivation

The surname Wilson is a patronymic formation derived from the Middle English personal name Will, a common diminutive of William, combined with the suffix -son meaning "son of".^[7] William itself originates from the Germanic elements wil ("desire" or "will") and helm ("helmet" or "protection"), introduced to England through Norman Conquest influences after 1066, though the patronymic structure reflects earlier Anglo-Scandinavian naming practices from Old Norse Willa or similar forms prevalent in northern England and Scotland.^[8] ^[9] This surname emerged around the 12th century as fixed hereditary names became common in England, initially denoting lineage from an ancestor named Will or William, and it spread independently across English-speaking regions due to the ubiquity of the root name.^[10] Early records, such as those from Yorkshire and Lancashire, document variants like Willelmson transitioning to Wilson by the 14th century, reflecting phonetic simplification in vernacular usage.^[8] Wilson ranks among the most prevalent surnames in English-speaking countries, with approximately 1.7 million bearers worldwide as of recent estimates, predominantly in the United States (over 800,000 in the 2010 census, ranking 14th), England and Wales (11th, about 231,000), and Scotland (2nd or 3rd, exceeding 46,000).^[11] ^[12] ^[13] Its concentration aligns with historical Protestant migration patterns from Britain to North America and Australia, where census data from the 19th and 20th centuries show elevated frequencies in settler populations.^[11]^[10]

Usage as a given name

Wilson originated as a given name through the adaptation of its common English patronymic surname, denoting "son of Will" or "son of William," with usage emerging in English-speaking regions during the 19th and early 20th centuries.^[14] Primarily masculine, it has been bestowed sporadically, reflecting a broader pattern of surnames transitioning to first names amid familial or cultural naming practices in immigrant and Anglo-American communities.^[8] In the United States, Social Security Administration records indicate Wilson first entered the top 1000 boys' names in 1880, achieving peak popularity in 1918 at rank 122, coinciding with the presidency of Woodrow Wilson (1913–1921), whose prominence likely boosted its appeal.^[15] The name maintained moderate standing through the 1920s and 1930s but began declining post-World War II, exiting the top 1000 by 2007 amid rising preferences for inventive or non-traditional names.^[16] It re-entered the top 1000 in 2015 and has climbed since, ranking 644th in 2024 with approximately 0.023% usage among male births that year.^[16] Lifetime estimates place Wilson as the 3333rd most common given name in the US, borne by roughly 4,653 individuals, underscoring its relative rarity as a first name despite the surname's ubiquity (e.g., over 800,000 bearers).^[17] Adoption outside Anglo-Saxon traditions remains limited, with lower incidence in non-European ethnic groups per census-derived naming data, though instances occur in African American contexts, potentially linked to surname repurposing in Southern and urban communities during the mid-20th century.^[17] This scarcity aligns with causal shifts: early surges from surname normalization in waves of British and Scottish immigration, followed by post-1960s diversification favoring shorter, unique, or culturally specific names over compound patronymics.^[18]

People

Political and historical figures

James Wilson (1742–1798), a Scottish immigrant to Pennsylvania, served as a delegate to the Continental Congress and signed the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776.^[19] He participated prominently in the 1787 Constitutional Convention, contributing to the drafting of the Preamble and advocating for a unitary executive to ensure effective governance, a position that shaped the presidency's structure amid debates over federal power.^[20] ^[21] Wilson also signed the U.S. Constitution on September 17, 1787, and later became one of the first Supreme Court justices in 1789, influencing early interpretations of judicial independence.^[19] Woodrow Wilson (1856–1924) served as the 28th President of the United States from March 4, 1913, to March 4, 1921.^[22] His administration enacted the Federal Reserve Act on December 23, 1913, creating a central banking system to manage currency and credit stability.^[23] The Revenue Act of 1913, signed under Wilson, implemented the 16th Amendment's federal income tax, initially taxing incomes over $3,000 at 1% with surtaxes up to 6% on higher brackets.^[23] Wilson requested a declaration of war on April 2, 1917, leading U.S. entry into World War I on April 6, 1917, which mobilized 4 million troops and shifted global alliances.^[24] His policies enforced segregation in federal agencies starting in 1913, reversing merit-based integrations and correlating with widened economic disparities for Black Americans through restricted opportunities.^[25] The Espionage Act of June 15, 1917, and Sedition Act of 1918 enabled over 2,000 prosecutions for anti-war speech, curtailing First Amendment protections during wartime mobilization.^[22] Harold Wilson (1916–1995) led the UK Labour Party to victory and served as Prime Minister from October 16, 1964, to June 19, 1970, and February 4, 1974, to March 5, 1976.^[26] His first term pursued modernization via the "white heat of technology" speech in 1963, enacting reforms like the 1965 equal pay push and expansions in welfare provisions for pensions, disability, and housing to address post-war social needs.^[26] ^[27] Decolonization accelerated under Wilson, including negotiations over Southern Rhodesia's unilateral independence declaration on November 11, 1965, where he rejected military intervention despite pressures, opting for sanctions that prolonged the crisis until majority rule in 1980.^[28] Economic interventions, including nationalizations and spending increases, contributed to rising inflation—peaking at 24.2% in 1975—and unemployment above 1 million by 1976, exemplifying stagflation amid oil shocks and union wage demands.^[29] This culminated in a $3.9 billion IMF loan on December 15, 1976, requiring public spending cuts of £1.5 billion in 1977–78, exposing limits of Keynesian demand management in sustaining growth without fiscal discipline.^[30] ^[31]

Scientists and scholars

Edward Osborne Wilson (1929–2021) was a biologist renowned for pioneering sociobiology, which applies evolutionary theory to social behaviors across species, integrating genetic inheritance with observable animal and human conduct in his 1975 book Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. This framework challenged prevailing social constructivist views by emphasizing innate biological drivers, drawing empirical support from studies of insect societies and kinship selection, though it provoked criticism from academics favoring environmental determinism.^[32] Wilson co-developed the theory of island biogeography in 1967 with Robert MacArthur, a mathematical model positing equilibrium species diversity through immigration and extinction rates, which has predicted habitat fragmentation's impact on biodiversity loss with quantitative accuracy in field tests.^[33] Robert Woodrow Wilson (born 1936), an astrophysicist, shared the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics with Arno Penzias for discovering cosmic microwave background radiation in 1965 using a radio horn antenna at Bell Labs, providing empirical evidence for the Big Bang model's causal expansion of the universe from a hot, dense state approximately 13.8 billion years ago.^[34] The isotropic 2.7 Kelvin radiation, uniform across the sky, corroborated predictions from general relativity and thermodynamics, ruling out steady-state alternatives through direct measurement of relic photons.^[35] Charles Thomson Rees Wilson (1869–1959), a Scottish physicist, invented the cloud chamber in 1911, earning the 1927 Nobel Prize in Physics for enabling visualization of charged particle tracks via supersaturated vapor condensation, which facilitated empirical verification of subatomic phenomena like Compton scattering and electron-positron pairs essential to quantum field theory development.^[36]^[37] Kenneth G. Wilson (1936–2013) received the 1982 Nobel Prize in Physics for formulating the renormalization group method in the 1970s, a scale-invariant framework that resolves critical phenomena in phase transitions by iteratively coarse-graining fluctuations, yielding precise predictions for material properties near criticality grounded in statistical mechanics rather than perturbative approximations.^[38] Allan Charles Wilson (1934–1991), a biochemist, advanced molecular evolution by demonstrating the molecular clock hypothesis in 1967 with Vincent Sarich, calibrating protein divergence rates to timeline species splits, and later using mitochondrial DNA sequencing to infer modern humans' African origin from a common ancestress around 200,000 years ago, supported by sequence divergence data across global populations.^[39]

Entertainers and artists

Brian Wilson co-founded the Beach Boys and served as their primary composer and producer, creating "Good Vibrations," released as a single on October 10, 1966, which reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in December of that year.^[40] The track's experimental use of modular recording techniques and diverse instrumentation, including theremin and cello, drove its commercial success, with sales exceeding one million copies in the U.S.^[41] Wilson's innovations in studio production influenced subsequent pop music, though his career was intermittently disrupted by mental health issues, including a documented diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder following psychiatric evaluations in the 1990s.^[42] Wilson Pickett, a prominent soul singer, recorded "Mustang Sally" in 1966, which entered the Billboard Hot 100 at number 66 on November 20 and peaked at number six, bolstered by strong R&B sales.^[43] His raw vocal delivery and Atlantic Records affiliation contributed to multiple chart successes in the 1960s, establishing him as a key figure in soul music's transition from R&B roots, with over 20 million records sold across his career.^[44] In film, Owen Wilson has appeared in numerous comedies, notably co-starring in Wedding Crashers (2005), which grossed $288 million worldwide against a $40 million budget, reflecting its appeal through ensemble humor and market performance rather than critical metrics.^[45] His roles often emphasize deadpan wit, as seen in collaborations with director Wes Anderson and brother Luke Wilson, yielding consistent box-office returns in the $100–300 million range for films like The Royal Tenenbaums (2001).^[46]

Athletes and sports personalities

Russell Wilson (born November 29, 1988) is an American football quarterback who has compiled a 121-80-1 regular-season record over 204 games in the National Football League (NFL), with 3,929 completions on 6,079 attempts for 46,921 yards, 353 touchdowns, and 112 interceptions, yielding a 99.7 passer rating.^[47] He led the Seattle Seahawks to a 43-8 victory over the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XLVIII on February 2, 2014, completing 12 of 25 passes for 206 yards and two touchdowns while rushing for 25 yards and a score.^[47] Wilson's dual-threat ability is evidenced by his 4,689 career rushing yards and 34 rushing touchdowns, though frequent sacking—427 times in his first 10 seasons—highlights physical demands contributing to later performance dips.^[47] Mookie Wilson (born February 9, 1956) was a Major League Baseball (MLB) outfielder who batted .274 with 1,397 hits, 67 home runs, 438 runs batted in (RBI), and 731 runs scored over 1,382 games from 1980 to 1991, primarily with the New York Mets and Toronto Blue Jays.^[48] His speed is quantified by 327 stolen bases, aiding basepath efficiency, while his switch-hitting mitigated platoon disadvantages.^[48] Wilson's career arc peaked in the 1986 World Series, where his ground ball in Game 6 with two outs in the bottom of the 10th inning eluded Boston Red Sox first baseman Bill Buckner, allowing the Mets to score the winning run and clinch the championship after trailing three games to two.^[48] Jack Wilson (born December 29, 1977) served as an MLB shortstop with a .265 batting average, 1,294 hits, 61 home runs, and 426 RBI across 1,628 games from 2001 to 2012, mainly with the Pittsburgh Pirates, Seattle Mariners, and Atlanta Braves.^[49] Defensively, he recorded 3,883 putouts, 2,886 assists, and 145 errors for a .976 fielding percentage, reflecting solid range but occasional errors under pressure.^[49] Injuries, including a 2006 rotator cuff tear requiring surgery, limited his power output to an OPS of .671, underscoring how physical wear impacts infield longevity.^[49] Larry Wilson (1938–2020) was an NFL defensive back for the St. Louis Cardinals from 1960 to 1972, amassing 52 interceptions for 800 return yards and five touchdowns over 169 games, alongside 14 fumble recoveries.^[50] His innovation of the safety blitz position enhanced pass defense, contributing to eight Pro Bowl selections and induction into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1978.^[51] Wilson's durability is shown by starting 137 games despite the era's lack of protective gear, with interception rates sustained by film study and anticipation rather than raw speed.^[50]

Business leaders and innovators

Thomas E. Wilson established Wilson Sporting Goods in 1913 as a subsidiary of the Chicago-based meatpacking firm Ashland Manufacturing Company, initially producing tennis balls and gut-string rackets before expanding into innovative leather footballs and other equipment using durable materials that improved performance and durability.^[52] Under his presidency, the company pioneered mass production techniques for sports gear, capturing significant market share in American athletics by the 1920s and generating sustained economic value through exports and endorsements.^[53] By 2022, Wilson Sporting Goods reported estimated annual revenues between $458 million and $519 million, reflecting its evolution into a global leader in ball and racquet sports under parent company Amer Sports.^[54] Wilson Greatbatch developed the first implantable cardiac pacemaker in 1958 while experimenting with transistor circuits at the University at Buffalo, leading to a prototype tested with surgeon William Chardack and the first human implantation on January 9, 1960.^[55] Greatbatch patented the device and licensed it to Medtronic for initial production, then founded Wilson Greatbatch Ltd. in the 1970s to manufacture lithium-iodine batteries that extended pacemaker longevity to over 10 years, enabling compact, reliable implants and establishing a profitable medical device enterprise with international reach.^[56] His innovations, backed by over 150 patents, directly catalyzed the growth of the pacemaker industry, saving millions of lives while driving commercial viability in biomedical engineering.^[57] Dennis "Chip" Wilson founded Lululemon Athletica Inc. in Vancouver in 1998, introducing proprietary stretch fabrics like Luon and innovative retail concepts that blended yoga wear with everyday athleisure, creating a new $400 billion market segment through vertical integration and customer-focused design.^[58] Prior ventures included Westbeach Snowboard Ltd. in 1984, which pioneered functional outerwear for snowboarding and was sold in 1999, demonstrating Wilson's pattern of identifying niche demands and scaling via material science and branding.^[59] Lululemon achieved over $9 billion in annual revenue by 2023 under his foundational strategies, underscoring his role in disrupting apparel manufacturing with performance-driven textiles.^[60]

Geographical locations

In Australia

Wilson is a suburb of Perth in Western Australia, situated within the City of Canning on the north bank of the Canning River, approximately 9 kilometres southeast of the Perth central business district.^[61]^[62] The area, originally known by the Aboriginal name Beeloo, was officially renamed Wilson in 1958.^[61] Residential development began in 1954, when the State Housing Commission resumed land for public housing and private developer T.M. Burke Pty Ltd subdivided adjacent parcels.^[62] As of the 2021 Australian Census, the suburb had a population of 6,608 residents.^[63]^[61] Wilson Inlet is a shallow, seasonally open estuary on the south coast of Western Australia in the Great Southern region, near the town of Denmark.^[64] Named after explorer Thomas Braidwood Wilson, it serves as the outlet for a large catchment encompassing the Denmark and Hay Rivers, which span approximately 50 km and 80 km respectively.^[65]^[66] The inlet features a dynamic sandbar that periodically closes, influencing water levels, salinity, and ecological conditions, with historical significance as a focal point for Noongar Aboriginal communities.^[64]^[66] Management efforts, including controlled sandbar openings, aim to balance hydrological dynamics with biodiversity, supporting phytoplankton dynamics and wetland ecosystems within the broader Gondwana Link region.^[67]^[68]

In Canada

Mount Wilson is a prominent peak in the Canadian Rockies, situated in Banff National Park, Alberta, at an elevation of 3,261 metres above sea level. Located in the North Saskatchewan River valley, the mountain forms part of the Park Ranges and overlooks glaciated terrain shaped by Pleistocene ice ages, with its prominence measuring 781 metres. The name was assigned in 1898 by British mountaineer John Norman Collie in honour of Thomas Edmonds Wilson (1859–1933), a pioneering outfitter and guide who explored the Rockies from the 1880s onward, assisting Canadian Pacific Railway surveys and discovering key passes like Vermilion.^[69]^[70] Exploration and surveying of Mount Wilson occurred amid late-19th-century efforts to map the Rockies for railway construction and resource assessment, with Wilson's firsthand knowledge from guiding expeditions in 1883–1890s facilitating access. The peak's first recorded ascent took place on August 25, 1902, by James Outram and Swiss guide Christian Kaufmann, marking one of several Canadian Rockies summits claimed that season amid competition between British and American climbers. Unlike prairie settlements tied to homesteading booms, the site's development emphasized topographic mapping and early tourism, with no significant agricultural history due to its alpine environment and subarctic climate.^[71]

In Europe

Wilson is the name of several minor hamlets in England, typically small rural settlements with medieval origins tied to Anglo-Saxon personal names rather than direct colonial naming as seen elsewhere. These places predate widespread surname adoption and often derive from Old English elements denoting a farmstead or estate associated with an individual named "Wifel" or similar, evolving into the modern form Wilson over centuries.^[72] In Leicestershire, Wilson is a hamlet in the North West district, situated near East Midlands Airport yet retaining village-like features amid surrounding farmland. First documented in the 12th century as Wiuelestunia, the name likely originates from the Anglo-Saxon "Wifeles tūn," meaning "Wifel's farmstead or village," indicating feudal land holdings rather than later migrations. By the 19th century, it formed part of Castle Donington parish, with a population too small for separate ecclesiastical records, underscoring its historical role as a peripheral township in agrarian England.^[73] Other examples include Wilson hamlets near Marstow and Peterstow in Herefordshire (grid references SO558233 and SO555235) and Breedon on the Hill in Leicestershire (SK405247), all sparse settlements established under manorial systems where local landowners or tenants bearing Wilson-like names influenced toponymy. These contrast with North American Wilsons by lacking ties to 17th-19th century settler patterns, instead reflecting pre-Norman Conquest land division and continuity through feudal tenure.^[72] Continental Europe features no prominent towns or villages named Wilson, though squares like Plac Wilsona in Warsaw honor U.S. President Woodrow Wilson for his role in Polish independence post-World War I, as outlined in his Fourteen Points advocating ethnic self-determination. This naming convention arose in the interwar period amid gratitude for Allied support, not organic settlement.^[74]

In the United States

Wilson, North Carolina, is the most populous city in the United States named Wilson, with a 2020 population of 49,711 residents. Established in 1849 as a planned community along the railroad to facilitate cotton and tobacco shipping, it became a major hub for tobacco warehousing, auctioning, and processing in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, drawing economic growth from the crop's profitability in the region's fertile soils.^[75] By the mid-20th century, Wilson produced significant portions of North Carolina's tobacco output, supporting related manufacturing like cigarette production and barrel-making.^[76] The city's economy shifted after the 1980s due to declining domestic tobacco demand from health regulations, anti-smoking campaigns, and global competition, leading to factory closures and job losses in leaf processing.^[76] Manufacturing employment peaked then contracted, though sectors like food processing and metal fabrication persist; in 2023, manufacturing employed about 3,425 people, while health care and education dominate with over 4,000 jobs each.^[77] Efforts to diversify include advanced manufacturing recruitment, reflecting broader U.S. patterns of post-industrial adaptation in Southern agricultural centers tied to frontier-era rail expansion. Several U.S. counties bear the name Wilson, often honoring local figures from early settlement rather than later national ones like Woodrow Wilson, amid westward expansion. Wilson County, Tennessee—the most populous such county—spans 571 square miles with 147,737 residents in 2020, centered on Nashville's commuter growth and industries like automotive assembly. Established in 1799 from surrounding frontier lands, it exemplifies county formations during Tennessee's statehood era.^[78] Wilson County, North Carolina, formed in 1855 with 78,784 residents in 2020, retains agricultural ties but faces population stagnation from outmigration.^[79]^[80] Other Wilson Counties, such as in Texas (population around 50,000) and Kansas, are smaller and more rural, with economies rooted in oil, ranching, and grain production scaled to the Great Plains' vast land grants.

Other locations

Wilson Island lies in Ritchie's Archipelago within the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, approximately 57 kilometers northeast of Port Blair; it hosts a lighthouse established for maritime navigation and derives its name from Brigadier Commander Sir Archdale Wilson.^[81] The island forms part of a cluster of smaller landforms east of Great Andaman, characterized by tropical island geography typical of the archipelago.^[82] Wilson Hills, a hill station in Valsad district, Gujarat, India, rises to an elevation of roughly 2,500 feet (760 meters) in the Sahyadri range, enveloped by dense forests adjacent to Pangarbari Wildlife Sanctuary near Dharampur; it was developed in the late 19th century and named after a British colonial figure, variously attributed to Sir Charles Wilson or Lord Wilson, Governor of Bombay Presidency from 1923 to 1928.^[83]^[84] The area features steep access via 16 switchbacks over 20 kilometers from Dharampur, supporting limited tourism focused on natural scenery and proximity to Shankar Waterfall.^[85]

Scientific and technical terms

In biology and natural sciences

Wilson's bird-of-paradise (Cicinnurus respublica), a small passerine endemic to the lowland rainforests of Waigeo and Batanta islands in West Papua, Indonesia, was scientifically described in 1850 by Charles Lucien Bonaparte, with the epithet "respublica" reflecting his republican ideals; the common name honors British naturalist Edward Wilson, who acquired an early specimen for study.^[86]^[87] Males exhibit striking sexual dimorphism, featuring iridescent blue, red, and yellow plumage used in elaborate lekking displays to attract females, while females are duller brown for camouflage during nesting.^[88] The species remains taxonomically valid within the Paradisaeidae family, though its restricted range of approximately 2,700 square kilometers renders it vulnerable; ongoing habitat loss from logging and agricultural expansion has led to a suspected population decline, classifying it as Near Threatened with an estimated global population under 10,000 mature individuals.^[86]^[89] Several avian taxa bear the name of Alexander Wilson (1766–1813), the Scottish-American ornithologist regarded as the founder of American ornithology for his multi-volume American Ornithology (1808–1814), which documented over 100 North American bird species through empirical observation and illustration.^[90] Wilson's plover (Charadrius wilsonia), a small shorebird inhabiting sandy beaches and mudflats from the southeastern United States to northern South America, was named in his honor by George Ord in 1824 based on Wilson's type specimen; it forages on invertebrates like crabs and maintains stable populations exceeding 100,000 individuals despite localized coastal development pressures.^[91] Similarly, Wilson's phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor), the largest phalarope species breeding in alkaline wetlands across western North America and migrating to South America, exhibits polyandry where females compete for males that handle incubation and chick-rearing; named after Wilson, it sustains viable populations of around 300,000–500,000 birds, with declines mitigated by wetland conservation.^[92] Wilson's snipe (Gallinago delicata), a stocky shorebird probing marshes for earthworms and insects with its long bill, is distinguished from the Old World common snipe by subtle plumage differences and was formalized as a distinct species in 1950; widespread across North American wetlands with populations estimated at over 1 million, it faces no major threats beyond habitat fragmentation.^[93] In honor of entomologist Edward O. Wilson (1929–2021), who described over 400 ant species and pioneered sociobiological analyses of eusociality through chemical signaling and kin selection, recent discoveries include Miniopterus wilsoni, a long-fingered bat from southern African caves described in 2020, characterized by its 40-millimeter forearm length and echolocation calls peaking at 40 kHz, with populations threatened by roost disturbance but taxonomically stable within Miniopteridae.^[94]^[95] Another is Myrmoderus eowilsoni, an antbird species from Amazonian understory named in 2017, featuring cryptic olive-brown plumage adapted for insectivory in mixed-species flocks; valid in Thamnophilidae, it underscores Wilson's empirical metrics on biodiversity hotspots, where he quantified ant species richness exceeding 200 per hectare in tropical forests, informing estimates of global insect diversity at 10 million species.^[96]^[97] These taxa exemplify how eponymy preserves contributions to organismal biology, with Wilson's island biogeography models predicting species-area relationships validated by field data showing extinction rates amplified 1,000-fold by anthropogenic habitat loss.^[98]

In medicine

Wilson's disease, also known as hepatolenticular degeneration, is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by impaired copper homeostasis due to mutations in the ATP7B gene on chromosome 13, which encodes a copper-transporting ATPase essential for biliary excretion and incorporation into ceruloplasmin.^[99] ^[100] Over 500 pathogenic variants have been identified, with the most common including H1069Q and R778L, leading to hepatic copper accumulation, cirrhosis, neurological symptoms such as tremor and dystonia, psychiatric disturbances, and Kayser-Fleischer rings in the cornea.^[101] ^[102] The prevalence is estimated at 1 in 30,000 to 40,000 individuals worldwide, with carrier frequency around 1 in 90 to 150, though underdiagnosis occurs due to variable penetrance and onset typically between ages 5 and 35.^[99] Diagnosis relies on clinical features, low serum ceruloplasmin (<20 mg/dL in most cases), elevated 24-hour urinary copper (>100 mcg), hepatic copper quantification (>250 mcg/g dry weight), and genetic testing confirming biallelic ATP7B mutations, with scoring systems like the Leipzig criteria aiding confirmation.^[101] ^[100] Treatment involves lifelong copper chelation or restriction to prevent progression, with D-penicillamine (initial dose 1 g/day) promoting urinary copper excretion but associated with hypersensitivity in 10-20% and neurological worsening in up to 50% of neurologic presentations due to redistribution.^[103] ^[104] Trientine dihydrochloride (0.75-2 g/day), a less toxic alternative, shows comparable efficacy in hepatic control and better tolerability, with lower rates of adverse events (e.g., 15-20% vs. 30-50% for penicillamine) and treatment failure in some cohorts, though long-term data indicate similar overall survival.^[105] ^[106] Zinc acetate (50 mg elemental zinc three times daily) blocks intestinal copper absorption for maintenance therapy or presymptomatic cases, achieving non-ceruloplasmin-bound copper normalization in 70-90% but less effective acutely in decompensated liver disease.^[103] ^[104] Clinical outcomes with adherence yield near-normal life expectancy, with 10-year survival exceeding 90% in treated cohorts versus <10% untreated, though liver transplantation is required in 5-10% for acute fulminant failure or decompensated cirrhosis unresponsive to chelation.^[107] Recent pediatric studies report sustained remission in 80-90% on chelators, with zinc monotherapy stabilizing neurologic symptoms in 60-70%, underscoring early intervention's causal role in averting irreversible damage.^[105] Monitoring free copper levels guides therapy adjustments, as nonadherence predictably reverses gains.^[101]

In physics

The Wilson cloud chamber, developed by Scottish physicist Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, functions as a detector for ionizing radiation by rendering visible the trajectories of charged subatomic particles through the condensation of vapor into droplets along their paths.^[36] Wilson first demonstrated a functional version of the device in 1911, drawing inspiration from natural cloud formation processes observed on Ben Nevis to replicate atmospheric phenomena under controlled laboratory conditions.^[37] By suddenly expanding a mixture of air and water vapor within a sealed cylindrical chamber—typically via a piston or diaphragm mechanism—the apparatus achieves supersaturation; ionizing particles passing through leave trails of ions that serve as condensation nuclei, forming chains of microscopic droplets observable under suitable lighting and magnification.^[36] This refinement, achieved by 1912, enabled precise mapping of particle interactions, including deflections from electric or magnetic fields to infer charge, mass, and velocity.^[108] Early applications focused on tracking alpha particles from radioactive sources, revealing their linear paths interrupted by collisions that produced characteristic forks or curls, thereby verifying Rutherford's scattering model and nuclear disintegration processes.^[109] The chamber's sensitivity to low-energy events facilitated quantitative analysis of ionization densities, with track lengths and densities correlating to particle energy loss rates as described by the Bethe-Bloch formula in subsequent theoretical frameworks.^[110] Wilson's 1927 Nobel Prize in Physics recognized the method's role in visualizing electrically charged particle paths via vapor condensation, underscoring its empirical validation through reproducible droplet patterns that aligned with predictions from atomic theory.^[36] In particle physics, the instrument underpinned experimental confirmations of quantum electrodynamics and relativity-derived effects, such as time dilation observed in cosmic-ray muon tracks extending beyond expected decay lengths due to velocity-dependent lifetime prolongation.^[108] By the 1930s, expanded chambers with photographic recording captured rare events, including the 1932 positron discovery by Carl D. Anderson, where curved tracks in a magnetic field indicated positive electron charge, directly supporting Dirac's relativistic wave equation predictions.^[109] These verifiable trajectories provided causal evidence for antimatter existence and pair production, with branching ratios and momentum conservation matching theoretical expectations from special relativity and quantum field interactions.^[110] Though superseded by electronic detectors in high-flux environments, the cloud chamber's legacy endures in foundational experiments that prioritized direct visual empiricism over indirect inference.^[108]

In earth sciences

The Wilson cycle refers to the tectonic process describing the episodic assembly and disassembly of supercontinents through the rifting, opening, maturation, and eventual subduction and closure of ocean basins, spanning hundreds of millions of years.^[111]^[112] Proposed by Canadian geophysicist John Tuzo Wilson in his 1966 Nature paper "Did the Atlantic close and then re-open?", the model posits that oceans like the Atlantic represent a phase in an ongoing cycle previously evidenced by ancient orogenic belts from prior closures, such as the Appalachian-Caledonian mountains formed by the suturing of earlier landmasses.^[111]^[113] This framework integrated emerging evidence from seafloor mapping and continental reconstructions, challenging fixed-continent models and supporting mobile-plate dynamics on a planetary scale./02:_Plate_Tectonics/2.06:_The_Wilson_Cycle) The cycle comprises six principal stages: an embryonic phase of continental rifting driven by mantle upwelling, forming rift valleys and initial seafloor spreading; a juvenile stage with widening ocean basins and passive margins; a mature stage dominated by steady divergence and oceanic crust formation, as observed in the current Atlantic; a declining stage where subduction initiates at one margin, consuming oceanic lithosphere; a terminal stage of basin narrowing and arc-continent collisions; and finally suturing, yielding mountain belts and supercontinent amalgamation.^[112]^[113] Wilson drew from Appalachian geology to illustrate repeated cycles, noting how Paleozoic sutures align with prior ocean closures, a pattern echoed in Precambrian orogens.^[111] Paleomagnetic data validate the cycle by recording continental latitudes via remanent magnetism in igneous rocks, revealing apparent polar wander paths that match predicted drift histories—such as the convergence of Europe, Africa, and North America prior to Pangaea's formation around 300 million years ago.^[114]^[115] Matching magnetic anomaly stripes on conjugate mid-ocean ridges further confirm episodic spreading rates consistent with cycle phases, while deep-time studies extend the model to Archean and Proterozoic eras, showing craton assemblies via subduction-related sutures.^[116] These empirical alignments, derived from oriented sampling and reversal chronologies, refute static configurations and underscore causal mantle convection driving the observed episodicity.^[114]

Organizations and companies

Sports and recreation

Wilson Sporting Goods Co., established in 1913 as a subsidiary of a meatpacking firm to repurpose byproducts into strings for tennis rackets and other items, evolved into a leading producer of sports equipment focused on performance gear for multiple disciplines.^[117] The company manufactures tennis rackets, basketballs, baseball bats and gloves, golf clubs, and American footballs, with particular emphasis on racket sports and team ball products that support professional and recreational play.^[118] Its footballs have served as the official game ball for the National Football League (NFL) since 1941, underscoring long-term market entrenchment in professional American football equipment.^[119] In racket sports, Wilson holds significant influence through endorsements and innovations like the Pro Staff tennis racket series used by champions such as Roger Federer, driving consumer demand in tennis apparel and gear.^[118] For basketball, the brand supplies official balls to the National Basketball Association (NBA) and produces models for indoor and outdoor use, capturing substantial share in recreational and competitive segments.^[118] Overall, Wilson's Ball & Racquet Sports division, which largely represents its core operations, generated revenues of $1.153 billion in fiscal year 2024, reflecting growth amid broader leisure sports economics where equipment durability and brand loyalty influence purchasing over pure utility manufacturing.^[120] This positions Wilson as a dominant player, with historical market share leadership in athletic goods ahead of competitors like Spalding and Rawlings.^[117]

Manufacturing and technology

Wilson Combat, established in 1977 by competitive shooter Bill Wilson in Berryville, Arkansas, specializes in the precision manufacturing of custom firearms, including 1911-style pistols, EDC X9 carry guns, and modular rifles like the WCP320.^[121]^[122] The firm applies advanced machining and finishing techniques derived from Wilson's prior experience in jewelry and watchmaking to produce high-reliability components for tactical and defensive applications.^[123] By 2022, it had expanded to become the largest custom firearms manufacturer in the United States, with production emphasizing durability, accuracy, and modular upgrades.^[124] Wilson Audio Specialties, founded in 1974 by David and Sheryl Lee Wilson in Provo, Utah, develops high-end loudspeaker systems incorporating proprietary composite materials and enclosure designs for optimal acoustic performance.^[125] The company holds patents for innovations such as vibration-damping devices that isolate speakers from external resonances, including a 2021 patent for a multi-layer damping system using constrained damping layers.^[126]^[127] Its V-Material composite, a product of ongoing materials research, minimizes cabinet vibrations to achieve precise sound reproduction across frequencies.^[128] Wilson Manufacturing, initiated in 1979 by John and Matt Wilson as a garage-based operation for custom punching equipment, evolved into a key supplier of rotary cutting dies and print tooling for the flexographic packaging industry.^[129] A pivotal innovation came in 1999 with the introduction of machine-sharpened rotary dies, which improved cutting precision and longevity over traditional methods, establishing industry leadership in sharpened die technology.^[130] The company employs specialized hardening, coatings, and reconfigurable machinery to customize dies for high-volume label and flexible packaging production.^[131]

Other entities

Wilson College, located in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, is a private liberal arts institution founded in 1869 by Presbyterian ministers Rev. Tryon Edwards and Rev. James W. Wightman, with initial funding from donor Sarah Wilson.^[132] Originally established as a college for women, it transitioned to coeducational status in 1971 while maintaining its Presbyterian affiliation and emphasis on undergraduate education in fields including biology, environmental studies, and equine management, alongside traditional liberal arts programs. The college reports an undergraduate enrollment of 662 students as of fall 2023, with approximately 60% residing on campus, reflecting a 19.7% increase from the prior year.^[133] Graduation rates, as reported under the Student Right-to-Know Act and derived from Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) data, show an average six-year completion rate of 50% for full-time, first-time undergraduates.^[134] For the 2014 entering cohort, female students achieved a 51% six-year graduation rate, compared to 43% for males, with overall four-year completion at 32% and six-year at 53% based on more recent IPEDS-aligned metrics.^[135] These outcomes align with the institution's small size (total enrollment under 1,200 including graduates) and focus on personalized advising, though retention challenges persist in line with national trends for similar liberal arts colleges. Among other miscellaneous entities, the Wilson Ornithological Society, founded in 1910, operates as a non-profit dedicated to advancing avian research through publications and grants, with membership exceeding 1,000 ornithologists and enthusiasts worldwide; it maintains no direct commercial ties and emphasizes empirical field studies over advocacy.

Fictional characters

In literature and comics

"William Wilson" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe first published in Burton's Gentleman's Magazine in October 1839. The unnamed narrator, who adopts the alias William Wilson, describes encounters from school onward with a doppelganger of identical name, age, and appearance who whispers interventions to foil his dishonest and immoral pursuits, such as cheating at cards and seductions.^[136] The story builds to a fatal duel in Rome on an unspecified date in the 1820s, where slaying the double reveals the narrator's own countenance on the corpse, implying the antagonist as a psychological projection enforcing causal self-restraint and ultimate downfall through mirrored identity.^[137] In Mark Twain's novel The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson, published in 1894, David Wilson arrives in the Missouri town of Dawson's Landing as a young lawyer whose quip about a dog barking at a stranger earns him the derisive nickname "Pudd'nhead."^[138] Ostracized yet observant, Wilson collects fingerprints from townsfolk, including from enslaved Roxana's son who is swapped at birth with the white heir Thomas à Becket Driscoll; years later, he uses this evidence to expose a murder by the false heir and restore true identities, underscoring deterministic links between heredity, environment, and criminality in antebellum society.^[139] In DC Comics, Grant Wilson serves as the original Ravager, the eldest son of assassin Slade Wilson (Deathstroke), who undergoes experimental enhancement by the H.I.V.E. organization granting superhuman strength but physical instability.^[140] Created by Marv Wolfman and George Pérez, he debuts in The New Teen Titans #1 (November 1980), infiltrating as a student to attack the Teen Titans on behalf of his father's employers, only to die from power overload during the confrontation in issue #2 (December 1980).^[140] In Marvel Comics, Wade Wilson emerges as Deadpool, a former mercenary cured of terminal cancer via Weapon X program's experimental regenerative serum, which eradicates disease but induces severe mental fragmentation and instability.^[141] Co-created by writer Fabian Nicieza and artist Rob Liefeld, Wilson first appears in New Mutants #98 (cover-dated February 1991), contracted by Tolliver to assassinate the New Mutants and Cable amid the mutant arms race, showcasing his lethal combat skills and nascent mercenary persona before recurring as a chaotic antihero.^[141]

In film, television, and animation

In the 2000 survival drama film Cast Away, directed by Robert Zemeckis, the protagonist Chuck Noland, portrayed by Tom Hanks, survives a plane crash and washes ashore on a remote island, where he repurposes a Wilson Sporting Goods volleyball—salvaged from the wreckage—as his primary companion. Noland draws a face on the ball and names it Wilson, personifying it as a friend during years of isolation, which underscores themes of psychological endurance and anthropomorphism amid extreme adversity. This depiction transformed the inanimate object into a pop culture symbol, boosting brand visibility for Wilson Sporting Goods and prompting ongoing production of replica volleyballs, with the company noting sustained demand for autographed versions by Hanks two decades later.^[142] In the medical drama television series House, M.D., which aired from 2004 to 2012 across eight seasons, Dr. James Wilson, played by Robert Sean Leonard, serves as the head of oncology at Princeton-Plainsboro Teaching Hospital and the steadfast best friend to the titular diagnostician Dr. Gregory House. Wilson appears as a recurring figure of moral grounding and loyalty, often enabling House's unorthodox methods while grappling with personal ethical dilemmas, such as multiple failed marriages and a savior complex toward patients. His role highlights contrasts in professional integrity and personal sacrifice, contributing to the series' exploration of interpersonal dynamics in high-stakes medicine.^[143]

Miscellaneous uses

In inventions and devices

The Wilson-Hartnell governor is a type of spring-loaded centrifugal governor employed in steam engines and other machinery to maintain constant speed by balancing centrifugal force against spring tension via bell-crank levers and auxiliary springs for improved sensitivity and isochronism compared to earlier designs like the Hartnell governor.^[144] It achieves greater range of speed control through differential spring loading on the balls and sleeve, patented in variations during the early 20th century for industrial applications requiring precise throttle regulation.^[145] Wilson's Common Sense Ear Drums refer to a patented artificial eardrum device invented by George H. Wilson of Louisville, Kentucky, granted U.S. Patent No. 476,853 on June 14, 1892. The rimless, self-ventilating apparatus consisted of a thin, flexible membrane inserted into the ear canal to amplify sound vibrations and restore hearing impaired by eardrum perforation or damage, functioning via acoustic resonance without external frames or adhesives.^[146] Marketed as a non-surgical prosthetic, it utilized vulcanized rubber or similar materials for biocompatibility and was sold directly to consumers through advertisements emphasizing ease of insertion and removal.^[146] The Wilson Rockwell hardness tester is an indentation-based device for quantifying material hardness, developed in 1920 by the Wilson Mechanical Instrument Company as an adaptation of Stanley P. Rockwell's superficial hardness scale. It measures the depth of penetration by a diamond or steel indenter under specified load, converting results to the Rockwell scale (e.g., HRC for steels above 20 HRC), with portable and benchtop models featuring automated loading mechanisms for repeatability in metallurgical testing.^[147] Patented innovations included refined indenters and testers (e.g., U.S. Patent No. 2,361,441 for hardness testing indenter), enabling non-destructive evaluation of components like gears and tools with resolutions down to 0.0001 inches.^[148]

In events and awards

The E. Bright Wilson Award in Spectroscopy, administered by the American Chemical Society, honors chemists for exceptional achievements in fundamental or applied spectroscopy, with recipients selected based on the demonstrated impact of their research innovations and publications in advancing spectroscopic techniques.^[149] The Kenneth G. Wilson Award for Excellence in Lattice Field Theory recognizes physicists for recent, significant advancements in lattice quantum chromodynamics, emphasizing empirical contributions to computational simulations that refine predictions of strong interaction phenomena in particle physics; winners are chosen through peer nominations evaluated by an international committee for methodological rigor and verifiable results.^[150] The Iain Wilson Character Through Competition Awards, offered annually by Orienteering USA in collaboration with the Wilson Awards program, provide up to three $1,000 grants to junior orienteers aged 12-18, selected via applications including personal essays and references that evidence resilience, ethical decision-making, and competitive performance in navigation-based events.^[151]^[152] The Robert R. Wilson Award, bestowed by the Particle Therapy Co-Operative Group at its annual conferences, acknowledges individuals for pioneering contributions to particle beam therapy, with criteria focusing on empirical evidence of improved clinical outcomes in proton or carbon ion treatments for oncology, as assessed through nomination reviews of publications and implementation impacts.^[153] The Wilson Cup serves as the premier trophy in the American Solar Challenge, awarded to the highest-scoring solar-powered vehicle team based on quantitative metrics including energy efficiency, distance covered, and adherence to race protocols during cross-country competitions; it commemorates Howard Wilson's foundational role in solar racing since the 1990s.^[154]

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### Key Biographical Facts About Woodrow Wilson
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English: from the Middle English personal name Will + patronymic -son 'son of Will'. Will was a very common medieval short form of William.
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May 11, 2025 · Wilson is a patronymic surname meaning "son of Will," a popular name during medieval times. The given name Will may have derived from any of several names ...
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The patronymic surname Wilson literally means “son of Will” with Will being a diminutive form of William. William is a compound name with Germanic origins.
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With about 231,000 namesakes Wilson is the 11th most popular surname in England and Wales. There are over 46.000 Wilsons in Scotland where it is 3rd in ...
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Wilson is the 14th most popular name in America based on the data we have collected from the U.S. Census Bureau. The Wilson surname appeared 801,882 times in ...
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Meaning, origin and history of the name Wilson
From an English surname meaning "son of William". The surname was borne by Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924), the American president during World War I.
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Wilson as a First Name
The popularity of Wilson peaked in 1918, when it was the 122nd most popular name for baby boys. Is Wilson a Boy's Name or a Girl's Name?<|control11|><|separator|>
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Popularity for the name Wilson - Behind the Name
Popularity statistics for the given name Wilson in the United States ... Year, Rank, Percent Used. 2024, #644, 0.023. 2023, #672, 0.022. 2022, #689, 0.021. 2021 ...Missing: peak | Show results with:peak
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The name Wilson, derived from English origins, carries the meaning Son of William. The name can be traced back to its medieval roots.
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Out of stockWhen this classic work was first published in 1975, it created a new discipline and started a tumultuous round in the age-old nature versus nurture debate.
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Prize motivation: “for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation”. Prize share: 1/4. Work. Radiation falls toward the earth from outer space.
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Award ceremony speech. Nobel Lecture, December 8, 1978. The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation.
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Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, Nobel Prize in Physics 1927, Born: 14 February 1869, Glencorse, Scotland, Died: 15 November 1959, Carlops, Scotland.
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Some of the most important achievements using the Wilson chamber were: the demonstration of the existence of Compton recoil electrons, thus establishing beyond ...
[38]
Kenneth G. Wilson – Nobel Lecture - NobelPrize.org
Kenneth G. Wilson - Nobel Lecture: The Renormalization Group and Critical Phenomena · Nobel Prize in Physics 1982 · Summary; Laureates. Kenneth G. Wilson. Facts ...
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Rating 7/10 (391,991) Box office ; Budget. $40,000,000 (estimated) ; Gross US & Canada. $209,273,411 ; Opening weekend US & Canada · Jul 17, 2005 ; Gross worldwide. $288,485,135.Full cast & crew · Owen Wilson as John Beckwith · Vince Vaughn, Owen Wilson...
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[47]
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Career. G. 5. 204. AV. -. 188. QBrec. 0-3-0. 121-80-1. Cmp%. 58.9. 64.6. Yds. 786. 46921 ... Russell Wilson was sacked 427 times in his first 10 NFL seasons. Can ...
[48]
Mookie Wilson Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Rookie Status & More
Mookie Wilson. Position: Centerfielder. Bats: Both • Throws: Right. 5-10, 170lb (178cm, 77kg). Born: February 9, 1956 in Bamberg, SC us.
[49]
Jack Wilson Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Rookie Status & More
Position: Shortstop ; Bats: Right • Throws: Right ; Born: December 29, 1977 in Westlake Village, CA us ; Draft: Drafted by the St. Louis Cardinals in the 9th round ...
[50]
Larry Wilson Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft, College
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Larry Wilson | Pro Football Hall of Fame
Wilson, during his Hall of Fame career, recorded 52 career interceptions for 800 yards and five touchdowns.
[52]
Thos. E. Wilson & Co. / Wilson Sporting Goods, est. 1913
Originally formed in 1913 as the Ashland Manufacturing Co., the firm was a subsidiary of the long-tenured Chicago meatpacking giant known as Schwartzchild and ...
[53]
Thomas E. Wilson - chicagology
Thomas E. Wilson began work twenty -five years ago at the bottom of the ladder and by sheer worth and merit rose to the top-most round.
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Mar 30, 2022 · Wilson Sporting Goods' annual revenue has been estimated between $458.6 million and $518.9 million by various data and analytics companies.
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By 1972 he had reengineered the pacemaker into a compact sealed package and his company had become an international enterprise that produced implantable ...
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Wilson Greatbatch - National Science and Technology Medals ...
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Oct 27, 2023 · Chip Wilson founded Lululemon in 1997 after selling his first apparel company. He became known for his controversial remarks and mishandling ...
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Wilson lies 9 kilometres form Perth, with 6,608 residents listed in the 2021 Census. Originally known as Beeloo, the suburb was re-named in 1958 following a ...
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Wilson Inlet (for Thomas Braidwood Wilson - inHerit
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British Places Named Wilson · Wilson Hamlet Marstow SO558233 · Wilson Hamlet Breedon on the Hill, Leicestershire SK405247 · Wilson Hamlet Peterstow SO555235. +-.
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The town of Wilson was incorporated by the General Assembly of North Carolina on January 29, 1849. It later became the county seat of Wilson County.Missing: 2020 | Show results with:2020
[76]
Former tobacco town in eastern NC is reimagining itself as hub for ...
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Demographics | Wilson County
Today, Wilson County spans 571 square miles and the population is 147,737. Lebanon. On Nov. 13, 1801, the town of Lebanon was authorized. On Nov. 23, 1819, the ...Missing: history | Show results with:history
[79]
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Population, Census, April 1, 2020, 78,784. Population, Census, April 1, 2010 ... (c)Economic Census - Puerto Rico data are not comparable to U.S. Economic Census ...Missing: history tobacco manufacturing
[81]
Wilson Island Lighthouse
The Island lies 57 km northeast from Port Blair. Wilson is named after Brigadier Commander Sir Archdale Wilson, the island belongs to the Ritchie's Archipelago ...
[82]
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Ritchie`s Archipelago, a cluster of smaller islands, lying at some 25-30 km east of Great Andaman is the main island group of the Andaman Islands.
[83]
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In the dense forest of Valsad District of Gujarat state lies Wilson Hills, close to Pangarbari Wildlife Sanctuary. Perched at an altitude of 2500 feet, ...
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It is suspected to be declining as a result of habitat loss, but its range is not yet severely fragmented or restricted to few locations. For these reasons, the ...
[87]
Wilson's Bird of Paradise - The Australian Museum
Etymology. Diphyllodes (Greek, resembling double leaf, alluding to two long tail feathers); respublica (Latin, the republic; named by Prince CL Bonaparte, ...
[88]
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The main threats to this species are ongoing habitat loss, its limited range and exploitation. Wilson's bird-of-paradise does occur in the Pulau Waigeo ...
[89]
Wilson's Bird-of-Paradise - Birding Direct
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[91]
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Ornithologist George Ord named Wilson's Plover for his friend, Alexander Wilson, often called “the father of American ornithology.” Wilson collected the type ...<|separator|>
[92]
Wilson's phalarope - Center for Biological Diversity
Wilson's phalaropes are named after Alexander Wilson, an 18th- and 19-century Scottish-American ornithologist and poet. This species is the largest of the ...
[93]
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Wilson's Snipe look so stocky thanks in part to the extra-large pectoral (breast) muscles that make up nearly a quarter of the bird's weight—the highest percent ...
[94]
New bat species named for Edward O. Wilson
Aug 18, 2020 · Wilson's Long-fingered Bat, Miniopterus wilsoni, is named in recognition of Prof. Wilson's support and facilitation of biodiversity research at ...
[95]
In Memoriam : Edward O. Wilson (1929–2021): It All Started with Ants
In 1959, Wilson depicted a novel cyclical pattern of spread and speciation of ponerine ants in Melanesia (1959a). He extended this “taxon cycle” model of island ...
[96]
New Bird Species Named for E.O. Wilson, “Father of Biodiversity ...
Nov 1, 2017 · The new antbird species named after him, Myrmoderus eowilsoni, will be described in the scientific journal The Auk this week.
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E.O. Wilson Biodiversity Foundation
Widely considered one of the greatest natural scientists of our time, he was a pioneer in efforts to preserve and protect the biodiversity of our planet.Books and Writings · Legacy · Biodiversity ConservationMissing: notable | Show results with:notable
[98]
At 90, Biologist E.O. Wilson Is Still Counting Species
Jul 18, 2019 · Wilson said the estimated rate of extinction now is about 1,000 times greater than before the coming of humanity, because of issues like climate ...
[99]
Wilson Disease - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf - NIH
Apr 3, 2025 · Wilson disease, also known as hepatolenticular degeneration, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene, ...Missing: data | Show results with:data
[100]
Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of Wilson's disease - PMC
Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a mutation of the ATP7B gene, resulting in abnormal copper metabolism.Missing: data | Show results with:data
[101]
[PDF] Diagnosis and treatment of Wilson disease: An update - AASLD
Preamble. These recommendations provide a data-supported ap- proach to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with. Wilson disease.
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Epidemiology of Wilson's Disease and Pathogenic Variants ... - MDPI
Feb 18, 2024 · The disease is caused by pathogenic variants in the ATP7B gene, which encodes a P-type copper transport ATPase. Diagnosing WD is associated with ...<|separator|>
[103]
Wilson Disease Treatment & Management - Medscape Reference
Mar 12, 2025 · The mainstay of therapy for Wilson disease is pharmacologic treatment with chelating agents such as D-penicillamine and trientine dihydrochloride.
[104]
Comparison of the Effectiveness and Safety of d-Penicillamine and ...
Mar 18, 2022 · In neurological WD patients, the pooled improved rate of those who received d-penicillamine and zinc salts was 56.3% (95% CI: 37.5%–75.1%) and ...
[105]
Efficacy and safety of D-penicillamine, trientine, and zinc in pediatric ...
Jul 9, 2024 · Although D-penicillamine (DPA), trientine, and zinc are used to treat WD, there is limited research on the long-term outcomes of these drugs, ...
[106]
Efficacy and Safety of Oral Chelators in Treatment of Patients With ...
Apr 1, 2013 · In conclusion, both DPA and trientine were equally and highly effective at controlling liver disease with excellent long-term outcomes. In light ...Missing: survival | Show results with:survival
[107]
Therapeutic strategies in Wilson disease: pathophysiology and ...
By lifelong treatment a normal life expectancy and significant improvement of hepatic injury as well as neurologic manifestation is achievable. Here we evaluate ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[108]
C. T. R. Wilson | Physics Today - AIP Publishing
Feb 14, 2017 · The scientist earned a share of the 1927 Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention of the cloud chamber, which enabled an explosion of nuclear ...
[109]
[PDF] ctr wilson
The usefulness of the cloud chamber in atomic physics has been greatly influenced in recent years by the work of Lattes, Occhialini and Powell who have ...
[110]
Wilson Cloud Chamber - UW–Madison Physics
Wilson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927 for this groundbreaking work. The Wilson cloud chamber quickly became a fundamental tool in particle ...
[111]
J. Tuzo Wilson [This Dynamic Earth, USGS]
Jul 11, 2025 · J. Tuzo Wilson (1908-1993) made major contributions to the development of the plate-tectonics theory in the 1960s and 1970s.
[112]
Fifty years of the Wilson Cycle concept in plate tectonics: an overview
The Wilson Cycle concept in which the repeated opening and closing of ocean basins along old orogenic belts is a key process in the assembly and breakup of ...
[113]
Fifty Years of the Wilson Cycle Concept in Plate Tectonics
Nov 11, 2019 · Fifty years ago, Tuzo Wilson published his paper asking 'Did the Atlantic close and then re-open?'. This led to the 'Wilson Cycle' concept ...<|separator|>
[114]
Paleomagnetic evidence for modern-like plate motion velocities at ...
Apr 22, 2020 · Paleomagnetic methods may constrain the velocity of crustal blocks in deep geological time by measuring their apparent polar wander histories.
[115]
Paleomagnetic evidence for modern-like plate motion velocities at ...
Apr 22, 2020 · We report a paleomagnetic pole for the ~3180 million year (Ma) old Honeyeater Basalt of the East Pilbara Craton, Western Australia, supported by a positive ...
[116]
Paleomagnetic evidence for Neoarchean plate mobilism - PMC
Dec 30, 2024 · Our present study is the first to document a paleomagnetically robust Archean record of assembly between cratons in a geologically compelling ...
[117]
Wilson Sporting Goods Company
Sales: $300 million (1997 est.) Company History: Wilson Sporting Goods Company has the largest market share in the sporting and athletic goods industry, with ...
[118]
Wilson Sporting Goods | Premium Tennis Apparel and Sports ...
Shop By Sport. Wilson Tennis · TENNIS · Wilson Baseball · BASEBALL · Wilson Golf · GOLF · Wilson Basketball ... products, sales and events from Wilson. Sign Up.TennisAll BasketballAll FootballFootballs
[119]
About Us | Wilson Sporting Goods
Founded in 1914 in Chicago, Illinois, Wilson Sporting Goods Co. is a leading manufacturer of high-performance sports equipment, apparel, footwear, and ...
[120]
Amer Sports Reports Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year 2024 Financial ...
Feb 25, 2025 · Ball & Racquet Sports revenue increased to $1,153 million, which represents 4% growth on both a reported and a constant currency basis.<|separator|>
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About Us - Wilson Combat
Wilson Combat has been the innovator in custom pistols, long guns, and accessories since 1977. Home of the Wilson Combat 1911, EDC X9, WCP320, and more!
[122]
Wilson Combat - Encyclopedia of Arkansas
Oct 10, 2025 · Wilson Combat in Berryville (Carroll County) was founded in 1977 by Bill Wilson. It has since grown into the largest custom firearms company ...
[123]
Celebrating 45-Years of Gunsmithing with Wilson Combat
Jul 6, 2022 · Founded by champion pistol shooter Bill Wilson in 1977, the company has dedicated the last 45 years to catering to the specialty firearm and accessory market.
[124]
Wilson Combat Celebrates Its 45th Anniversary - American Rifleman
Jul 12, 2022 · In 1977, champion pistol shooter Bill Wilson launched Wilson Combat from the back of his family's jewelry store to support his passion for ...
[125]
Timeline - Wilson Audio
Founded in 1974 by visionaries David and Sheryl Lee Wilson, Wilson Audio began humbly in a garage—modifying turntables and producing cherished LPs ...
[126]
Patents Assigned to Wilson Audio Specialties, Inc.
Patents Assigned to Wilson Audio Specialties, Inc. Vibration damper. Patent number: 10971126. Abstract: A damping device to isolate electronic equipment from ...Missing: innovations | Show results with:innovations
[127]
[PDF] Pedestal-Press-Release.pdf - Wilson Audio
Apr 29, 2020 · WASAE's patent pending design provides an unprecedented degree of decou- pling between outer housing and constrained damping layers. • Designed ...
[128]
[PDF] wilson-audio-full-line.pdf
Wilson Audio's newest composite technology—V-Material— is the newest product of Wilson Audio's intensive and ongoing materials research. V-Material charts ...
[129]
About - Wilson Manufacturing
We are Wilson Manufacturing. We've been pushing the boundaries of what's possible since 1979. Learn about our history, capabilities, and team.Missing: excluding sports
[130]
Wilson Manufacturing Celebrates 35 Years Of Innovation
Jul 11, 2014 · Perhaps Wilson's most widely-recognized contribution was the creation of machine-sharpened rotary dies in 1999. This technological breakthrough ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[131]
Innovation - Wilson Manufacturing
Wilson innovates through re-engineering, using exclusive hardening, machine sharpening, customized coatings, and customizing/reconfiguring equipment for ...Missing: excluding sports
[132]
History - Wilson College - smartcatalogiq.com
Wilson College was founded in 1869 by the Revs. Tryon Edwards and James W. Wightman—pastors of Presbyterian churches in nearby Hagerstown, Md., and Greencastle, ...
[133]
Wilson College Shatters Enrollment Record
This year, 662 students are enrolled in the undergraduate college, a 19.7 percent increase from last fall. Nearly 60 percent of these students live on campus.Missing: IPEDS rate
[134]
[PDF] STUDENT RIGHT-TO-KNOW
Student Right-to-Know Average Six-Year Graduation Rate. 50%. 2014 COHORT GRADUATION RATE BY GENDER. Female. 51%. Male. 43%. 2014 COHORT GRADUATION RATE BY RACE/ ...
[135]
https://datausa.io/profile/university/wilson-college
[136]
Poe's Stories William Wilson Summary & Analysis | LitCharts
Need help with William Wilson in Edgar Allan Poe's Poe's Stories? Check out our revolutionary side-by-side summary and analysis.
[137]
William Wilson: Themes | SparkNotes
It is only his doppelganger, William Wilson, who attempts to put any check or restraint on his bad behavior. After Wilson's death, the narrator describes ...
[138]
Pudd'nhead Wilson by Mark Twain, Benjamin Griffin - Paper
£16.99Mark Twain's story of the antebellum South, first published in 1894, continues to prompt conversations about race and the dire legacy of American slavery.Missing: summary | Show results with:summary
[139]
Mark Twain's Pudd'nhead Wilson: Race, Conflict and Culture
Publication date: 1990. This collection seeks to place Pudd'nhead Wilson—a neglected, textually fragmented work of Mark Twain's—in the context of ...Missing: summary | Show results with:summary
[140]
GCD :: Character :: Grant Wilson - Grand Comics Database
Grant Wilson first appeared as the original Ravager in The New Teen Titans (DC, 1980 series) #1 (November 1980). He died in issue #2 (December 1980). The ...
[141]
Deadpool Through the Decades | Marvel Comic Reading List
First Appearance. In New Mutants (1983) #98. Deadpool's 1991 debut! A lethal ... Wade Wilson wears all the hats in this perfect-for-new-readers run. Dead ...<|separator|>
[142]
The True Story of Wilson the Volleyball | Wilson Sporting Goods
And rumor has it that Wilson volleyballs are still Tom Hanks' no.1 most-requested autographed item. A Wilson volleyball autographed by Tom Hanks A volleyball ...
[143]
All the Major Characters on House, from Seasons 1-8 - NBC
Mar 28, 2024 · Dr. James Wilson. Dr. James Wilson looks concerned on House Episode 610. Dr. James Wilson (Robert Sean Leonard) on House Season 6 Episode 10.Dr. Gregory House · Dr. Robert Chase · Dr. Lawrence Kutner
[144]
[PDF] Mechanics Applied To Engineering Ed. 6
... Wilson Hartnell Governor.—Another well-known and highly successful isochronous governor is the. Wilson Hartnell. ” governor. In the diagram, c is the ...
[145]
Centrifugal governor | PDF - Slideshare
... Wilson-Hartnell Governor 14) Pickering Governor 15) Conclusion 16) References. 3. The function ofgovernor is to regulate the speed of an engine when there ...
[146]
Wilson's Common Sense Ear Drums | From the Hands of Quacks
Sep 29, 2014 · George H. Wilson (1866-1949) of Louisville, Kentucky, received a patent (U.S. #476,853) for his “rimless [and] self-ventilating” artificial ...
[147]
[PDF] hardness testing retrospective: a century of wilson - Buehler
The true potential of the device was first recognized in 1920 by Wilson, who further developed the. Rockwell test to become the indenta- tion depth test that is ...
[148]
Patents - Wilson Mechanical Instrument Co. - Vintage Machinery
CA-395,516, Mar. 25, 1941, Hardness testing device, Charles H. Wilson, Pelham, NY ; 2,361,441, Oct. 31, 1944, Hardness testing indenter, Charles H. Wilson ...
[149]
E. Bright Wilson Award in Spectroscopy - American Chemical Society
The E. Bright Wilson Award in Spectroscopy recognizes outstanding accomplishments in fundamental or applied spectroscopy in chemistry.
[150]
Kenneth G. Wilson Award
The annual Kenneth G. Wilson Award for Excellence in Lattice Field Theory recognizes physicists who have made recent, outstanding contributions to lattice ...
[151]
2024 Iain Wilson Award Applications Now Open - Orienteering USA
2024 Iain Wilson Award Applications Now Open. For the past 10 years, the Wilson Awards, in partnership with Orienteering USA, have supported young ...Missing: named | Show results with:named
[152]
Apply for a Wilson Award by February 15 - Orienteering USA
Apply for a Wilson Award by February 15. Established to honor the memory of Iain Wilson, up to three $1000 awards will be presented this spring, in the form ...
[153]
Wilson Award - PTCOG
Wilson Award 2026 (PTCOG 64 Conference), nomination submission is open and closes December 31, 2025. About PTCOG.
[154]
The Wilson Cup – ASC & FSGP - American Solar Challenge
The Wilson Cup is the American Solar Challenge's original traveling trophy. The cup is named after Howard Wilson (1922 – 2016).