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English articles

In English grammar, articles are determiners that precede nouns to specify whether the noun is definite (particular or known) or indefinite (general or unknown), playing a crucial role in conveying specificity and reference in sentences.^[1]^[2] The language uses three primary articles: the definite article "the", which indicates a specific noun whose identity is known to the speaker and listener, applicable to both singular and plural nouns as well as uncountable nouns; and the indefinite articles "a" and "an", which introduce non-specific singular countable nouns, with "a" used before words starting with a consonant sound and "an" before those starting with a vowel sound.^[1]^[2] Articles are essential for distinguishing between general statements and specific references, such as using no article for plural or uncountable nouns in broad contexts (e.g., "Dogs are loyal" versus "The dog barked").^[2] They apply primarily to countable nouns (those that can be singular or plural, like "book" or "books") and uncountable nouns (those that cannot, like "water" or "information"), but indefinite articles are restricted to singular countable nouns only.^[1] Exceptions include omissions in proper names, languages, sports, and academic subjects (e.g., "I speak French" or "She plays tennis"), as well as special geographical uses where "the" precedes plural or collective names like rivers or mountain ranges (e.g., "the Mississippi" or "the Rockies").^[1] These rules highlight articles' function in clarifying noun roles, though non-native speakers often find their nuanced application challenging due to contexts like generalizations or first mentions in discourse.^[2]

Overview

General Usage

In English grammar, articles are a type of determiner that precede nouns to indicate the definiteness or indefiniteness of the noun phrase they modify.^[1] They function to specify whether the referent is identifiable within the discourse context or not, thereby helping to structure information flow in sentences.^[2] English recognizes three categories of articles: the definite article, indefinite articles, and the zero article, which is the absence of an overt form in certain contexts.^[3] The definite article signals that the noun refers to a specific entity known to the speaker and listener, often one previously mentioned or uniquely identifiable.^[4] In contrast, indefinite articles introduce a non-specific referent, typically one not previously identified, implying "one of many" or "any such entity."^[5] For instance, with countable nouns, a singular noun like "book" requires an indefinite article in generic or first-mention contexts ("I read a book yesterday") but a definite article for specificity ("The book on the table is mine").^[2] Uncountable nouns, such as "information," generally omit articles in abstract or general senses ("Information is power") but use the definite article when particularized ("The information you provided was helpful").^[3] The zero article appears with plural countable nouns in generic statements ("Dogs make good pets") or with uncountable nouns denoting categories ("Milk is nutritious"), as well as before proper names ("London is crowded") and certain mass expressions like languages ("She speaks French").^[6] This omission avoids redundancy and conveys generality, contrasting with definite uses that restrict reference.^[5] Articles are obligatory before singular countable nouns but optional or absent in these zero-article cases to maintain natural discourse.^[3] Historically, English articles developed from Old English demonstrative pronouns for the definite form and from the numeral "one" for the indefinite, marking a grammaticalization process that reduced their original emphatic or quantitative roles into markers of specificity.^[7] In Old English, forms like sē (masculine), sēo (feminine), and þæt (neuter) served as demonstratives akin to "that," evolving into the modern definite article by Middle English through loss of inflection and generalization.^[7] Similarly, the indefinite article arose from ān ("one"), initially a cardinal numeral inflected as a strong adjective, which phonetic changes and syntactic shifts transformed into a non-specific singular marker.^[7] This evolution reflects broader Indo-European patterns where determiners simplified to support noun phrase coherence.^[8]

Placement in Word Order

In English syntax, articles function as central determiners within noun phrases, occupying a fixed pre-nominal position at the outset of the phrase. They immediately precede the head noun in simple constructions, such as "the book" for the definite article or "a cat" for the indefinite article, establishing the phrase's definiteness or indefiniteness before any other elements.^[1] This placement ensures that the article specifies the noun's referential properties from the start of the phrase.^[9] When adjectives or other modifiers are involved, articles retain their initial position, preceding the entire sequence of premodifiers to form cohesive noun phrases like "the red book" or "an interesting story."^[10] In more complex noun phrases, articles serve as the core determiner and are incompatible with other central determiners such as possessives (e.g., "my house," not "*the my house") or demonstratives (e.g., "this table," not "*the this table").^[11] However, they may co-occur with predeterminers like "all" or "both" (e.g., "all the books") and postdeterminers such as cardinal numbers or quantifiers like "many" (e.g., "the many students"), following a hierarchical order: predeterminer > central determiner (article) > postdeterminer > adjectives > noun.^[10] This rigid ordering distinguishes English noun phrases by integrating articles seamlessly into the syntactic structure. Exceptions to the standard pre-nominal placement occur in inverted or exclamatory constructions, where the noun phrase containing the article is fronted for emphasis, but the internal order of the article relative to the noun and its modifiers remains intact. For instance, in exclamations like "What a beautiful day!", the indefinite article "a" precedes the adjective and noun within the fronted phrase, inverting the overall clause structure without altering the article's position inside the noun phrase.^[12] Similar fronting appears in emphatic questions, such as "What the problem is!", though such uses are less common and contextually marked.^[12] Unlike languages without articles, such as Russian or Japanese, which encode definiteness through contextual inference or word order without dedicated determiners, English enforces a strict pre-nominal article placement to signal specificity or generality explicitly in noun phrases.^[13] This syntactic requirement highlights English's reliance on articles for unambiguous reference, contrasting with article-less languages where noun phrases lack this obligatory initial slot.^[13]

Definite Article

Forms and Historical Development

The definite article in English originated in Old English as a set of inflected demonstrative pronouns that varied by gender, number, and case: se for masculine nominative singular, sēo for feminine, and þæt for neuter.^[14] These forms functioned primarily as demonstratives but gradually developed article-like roles by the late ninth century, marking specificity without being obligatory in all contexts.^[8] Following the Norman Conquest of 1066, the influx of Norman French accelerated the loss of Old English inflections, contributing to the language's shift toward an analytic structure where fixed determiners like the article became more prominent and standardized.^[15] In Middle English, particularly from the twelfth century onward, these inflected forms syncretized into the uninflected þe, influenced by northern dialects such as those in the Lindisfarne Gospels, where vowel reduction and simplification led to a single form applicable across genders and cases.^[14] This þe underwent semantic bleaching, losing its original deictic force and solidifying as a dedicated definite article by the thirteenth century, distinct from the demonstrative that.^[15] Archaic spellings like þe persisted in early texts, reflecting the retention of the Old English thorn (þ), which orthographically transitioned to "th" in print by the late fifteenth century as printing presses standardized Latin-based typography.^[16] The modern form "the" emerged around the fifteenth century amid broader phonetic shifts, including the Great Vowel Shift, which indirectly affected its pronunciation by altering the Middle English short /e/ in unstressed positions to the contemporary schwa /ə/, while the stressed variant before vowels developed into /ðiː/ through hiatal lengthening.^[16] This evolution marked the article's full integration into Early Modern English syntax, where it assumed its invariant role preceding nouns regardless of inflectional categories.^[14]

The Ye Form

The form "ye" emerged as a variant of the definite article "the" during the late 15th and early 16th centuries, primarily due to the limitations of early English printing presses imported from continental Europe. These presses, operated by typesetters such as William Caxton, often lacked the Old English letter thorn (þ), which represented the "th" sound in words like þe (the); as a result, the visually similar letter "y" was substituted, leading to the spelling "ye" for "the" in printed texts.^[17]^[18] This orthographic convention persisted in some publications into the 19th century, even as the thorn fell out of general use by the 16th century.^[19] In historical literature and documents, "ye" appears sporadically as this printed artifact, though it was not a phonetic innovation but a typographical one; for instance, early editions of Middle English works like those of Geoffrey Chaucer occasionally rendered þe as ye due to these printing practices.^[20] By the 19th century, however, "ye" became stylized in faux-archaic signage and shop names, such as "Ye Olde Shoppe," to evoke a sense of antiquity, a usage that originated in the late 16th century but gained popularity in Victorian-era branding.^[19] This form was never intended to alter pronunciation, which remained identical to that of "the" (/ðə/ or /ðiː/), and any superficial phonetic resemblance to dialectal variations of "the" (such as /ji/ in some regional accents) is coincidental rather than causal.^[21] A common modern misconception confuses this article "ye" with the Early Modern English pronoun "ye" (plural "you," pronounced /jiː/), leading some to mispronounce "Ye Olde" as /ji ˈoʊld/ instead of /ði ˈoʊld/; this error stems from the shared spelling but ignores the distinct historical contexts of the two words.^[17] In reality, "ye" as an article is purely an orthographic relic, with no independent evolution in spoken English beyond its ties to the broader historical development of the definite article from Old English.^[18]

Abbreviations and Contractions

In English manuscripts from the medieval period, the definite article "the" was commonly abbreviated using the thorn symbol (þ), an Anglo-Saxon letter representing the "th" sound, often appearing as "þe" with the "e" in superscript or integrated form to save space and ink.^[22] This brevigraph, derived from Old English "þæt" and "þē," facilitated efficient scribal writing in texts like the Speculum Vitae, where it appears as "þe" in phrases such as "englisch þat men usen maste."^[22] Similar conventions extended into early modern English handwriting (1500–1700), where "þe" was transcribed as "the," though the thorn's resemblance to "y" led to occasional misreadings like "ye," distinct from the full "ye" form originating in Middle English.^[23] These manuscript practices show a close relation to abbreviations for "that," as both words frequently employed the thorn: "þat" for "that" and variants like "yt" (using "y" as a substitute for thorn) in 15th- to 16th-century texts, reflecting shared scribal shorthand for high-frequency function words.^[23] For instance, "yat" in early modern documents was a ligatured form of "þat," transcribed as "that," while "yt" served similarly, highlighting how abbreviators treated "the" and "that" analogously due to their grammatical roles and phonetic overlap in Old and Middle English.^[24] This continuity persisted, with abbreviations for such closed-class words dominating from Middle English onward, comprising a significant portion of brevigraphs in sampled corpora (e.g., 140 per 1,000 words in Middle English texts).^[24] In poetry and informal speech, "the" often contracts to "th'" through elision, omitting the "e" to maintain metrical flow or mimic casual utterance, as seen in examples like "th' end" from the 18th century onward.^[24] Scottish poet Robert Burns employed this in works reflecting dialectal speech, such as "th' embattled" in Address to the Devil (1785), preserving rhythmic integrity while evoking vernacular informality.^[25] Such contractions, rooted in elision practices from Middle English merged forms like "tharchaungeỻ" (for "the archangel"), declined in frequency by the late modern period but reemerged in 20th- and 21st-century digital writing.^[24] Modern informal uses of "th'" appear in dialects and texting, particularly in literary representations of regional speech, such as Northern English or Scottish varieties, where it denotes contraction without altering core pronunciation, as in "th' hoose" for "the house."^[24] In headlines and journalism, rarer forms like "t'" occasionally substitute for "the" in concise styles, though full omission is more common; French influences via Anglo-Norman manuscripts introduced "de"-like particles in legal texts, but these did not directly abbreviate English "the."^[24] Overall, abbreviation rates for "the" rose slightly in 21st-century digital platforms (57 per 1,000 words), driven by informal elisions rather than traditional brevigraphs.^[24]

Indefinite Article

Etymology and Origins

The indefinite articles "a" and "an" in English originate from the Old English numeral "ān," meaning "one," which functioned as both a cardinal number and an indefinite determiner in its inflected forms across genders, cases, and numbers.^[26] This Proto-Germanic root *ainaz, tracing back to the Proto-Indo-European *oi-no-, initially served to indicate singularity without the specialized article role seen in modern English.^[26] In Old English, "ān" was not a dedicated indefinite article but part of a richer system of demonstratives and quantifiers, where indefiniteness was often implied by context or absence of definite markers.^[27] During the transition to Middle English around the 12th century, "ān" grammaticalized further into distinct forms: "an" persisted before vowel-initial words, while "a" emerged before consonants through the phonetic loss of the nasal /n/ in unstressed positions.^[28] This /n/-loss, a broader phonological shift beginning in northern Old English dialects after 1050 and accelerating in the south during early Middle English, simplified the numeral's inflectional endings and facilitated its evolution into a non-inflected article.^[27] By the mid-14th century, the nasal had largely vanished from the "a" form, solidifying the modern alternation based on phonetic environment, though remnants lingered in some dialects into the 15th century.^[28] The Viking settlements in the Danelaw region from the late 8th to 11th centuries contributed to this simplification by promoting contact-induced changes in English grammar, including the erosion of complex inflections on determiners like "ān."^[29] Old Norse, with its own reduced inflectional system compared to Old English, likely accelerated the leveling of case and gender endings through bilingual interactions, paving the way for the indefinite article's emergence as a fixed, uninflected element in northern dialects before spreading southward.^[29] In contrast to the indefinite article's numerical origins, the definite article "the" derives from the Old English demonstrative pronoun "sē" (masculine), "sēo" (feminine), and "þæt" (neuter), which marked specificity and proximity; this functional divergence highlights how English articles specialized from distinct lexical sources during the Middle English period.^[30]

Distinction Between A and An

The distinction between the indefinite articles "a" and "an" in English is governed by a phonological rule that prioritizes ease of pronunciation: "a" precedes nouns or adjectives beginning with a consonant sound, while "an" precedes those beginning with a vowel sound.^[31] This rule applies to the initial sound rather than the spelling, ensuring smooth articulation by avoiding awkward vowel hiatus. For instance, "a cat" uses "a" because /k/ is a consonant sound, whereas "an apple" uses "an" due to the initial vowel sound /æ/.^[32] Similarly, "a university" employs "a" as the word starts with a /j/ consonant sound (like "you"), while "an hour" requires "an" because the initial /h/ is silent, yielding a vowel sound /aʊə/.^[31] Exceptions arise with silent letters and acronyms, where the choice depends on the pronounced sound rather than orthography. Words with silent initial consonants, such as "honest" (/ɒnɪst/), take "an" to reflect the leading vowel sound.^[33] For acronyms, if the first letter's pronunciation begins with a vowel sound—like "FBI" (/ɛf bi aɪ/)— "an" is used (e.g., "an FBI investigation"); conversely, acronyms starting with a consonant sound, such as "UFO" (/juːɛfəʊ/), pair with "a" (e.g., "a UFO sighting").^[31] These cases underscore the rule's phonetic foundation over visual cues.^[2] This sound-based selection evolved from Middle English, where the indefinite article derived from the Old English numeral "ān" (meaning "one") and initially appeared primarily as "an" with more flexible usage before standardizing into distinct forms.^[34] In Middle English texts, variation was greater, with "a" emerging around the 12th–13th centuries to prevent vowel clashes, though the modern rule solidified in Early Modern English as printing standardized orthography.^[35] Cross-linguistically, English's phonetic distinction contrasts with gender-based indefinite articles in languages like German ("ein" for masculine/neuter, "eine" for feminine, regardless of sound) or French ("un" for masculine, "une" for feminine, with optional elision before vowels but no form split).^[36] Similar sound-sensitive adjustments appear elsewhere, such as French elision (e.g., "l'arbre" instead of "le arbre") or Italian's variable forms (e.g., "un" vs. "uno" before certain sounds), but English remains distinctive in its binary "a"/"an" alternation solely for phonetic harmony.^[36]

Pronunciation Rules

In standard English pronunciation, the indefinite article "a" is typically realized as the schwa sound /ə/ when unstressed, as in "a book" (/ə bʊk/), reflecting its function as a reduced form in rapid speech.^[37] This schwa reduction is a hallmark of English prosody, where articles lose prominence to emphasize content words, and it remains /ə/ in unstressed contexts such as "a university" (/ə ˈjuːnɪvɜːrsɪti/), though this varies by speaker.^[38] For "an," the standard form before vowel-initial words is /ən/ in unstressed positions, but American English often employs /æn/ in more emphatic or careful speech, as in "an apple" (/æn ˈæpəl/), to heighten clarity.^[39] In British English, the schwa /ən/ predominates even in deliberate articulation, with fuller vowels like /æn/ appearing less frequently unless in formal reading or teaching contexts.^[40] Pronunciation can assimilate based on the following word, leading to blending where the article's vowel or consonant adjusts for smoother flow; for instance, in "an hour," the /n/ may nasalize slightly before the /aʊ/ diphthong, reducing to /ənaʊər/ in connected speech.^[41] These rules build on the orthographic distinction between "a" and "an" for vowel sounds, ensuring phonetic compatibility without altering the core selection criteria.^[42] Regional accents further influence these patterns: in some American dialects, such as General American, the schwa in "a" may centralize more toward /ə/, while in Received Pronunciation (British), it remains consistently reduced.^[43] Careful speech across varieties often restores fuller vowels, like /eɪ/ for "a" in isolation, to aid comprehension in pedagogical or broadcast settings.^[44]

Juncture Loss Phenomenon

The juncture loss phenomenon in English refers to the phonetic blurring of boundaries between words, particularly where an unstressed indefinite article like "a" or "an" merges seamlessly with the following noun, resulting in potential ambiguity in perception.^[45] This occurs because the schwa vowel /ə/ in the article reduces further in connected speech, diminishing cues such as pauses or transitional sounds that signal word edges, leading listeners to reparse the sound sequence differently. For instance, the phrase "a name" /ə neɪm/ can sound nearly identical to "an aim" /ən eɪm/ in rapid speech, as both share the segmental sequence /ə n eɪ m/, with the difference hinging on subtle prosodic features like syllabification or timing.^[45] Such ambiguities are especially pronounced in casual conversation, songs, or other fast-paced contexts where prosody is compressed. A classic example involves mishearings in lyrics or dialogue, such as interpreting "a nice ice cream" as "an ice cream" without clear separation, though more striking cases like "night rate" versus "nitrate" illustrate how juncture loss extends beyond articles to create homophonous phrases.^[45] In songs, rapid delivery can exacerbate this, as seen in mondegreens where listeners confuse blended articles with fused words, relying on surrounding lyrics for resolution. Linguistically, disambiguation depends heavily on intonation patterns and contextual cues rather than segmental differences alone. Intonation can introduce slight lengthening or pitch shifts at word boundaries to preserve meaning, while semantic and syntactic context—such as the expected noun following the article—guides interpretation when phonetic signals weaken.^[45] For example, in a discussion about titles, "a name" is more likely intended than "an aim," even if the acoustic signal is ambiguous.^[45] This phenomenon has intensified historically due to the progressive weakening of unstressed syllables since Middle English, when vowel reductions to schwa became widespread, eroding inflectional endings and function words like articles.^[46] In Old English, the indefinite article "ān" retained more robust stress, but by late Middle English (circa 1100–1500), unstressed forms evolved into the reduced /ə/ or /ən/, promoting juncture blurring as syllables lost distinctiveness in prose and poetry. This shift contributed to rebracketing errors, such as "an ekename" becoming "a nickname," where the article's /n/ was reattached to the noun.^[45]

Additional Functions and Variations

Role of Some as an Article

In English grammar, "some" functions as a quasi-indefinite article, particularly with uncountable nouns and plural countables, to introduce non-specific quantities or existences without implying a particular amount.^[47] For instance, in "some water," it signals an indefinite portion, contrasting with the zero article in "water" to denote the substance in general.^[47] This usage marks indefiniteness in existential or partitive senses, distinct from its primary role as a quantifier for approximate amounts.^[48] "Some" contrasts with "any," a non-assertive form used in questions and negatives, and "no," which indicates absence.^[47] As a positive polarity item, "some" appears in affirmative contexts like "I bought some apples," while "any" fits negatives such as "I didn't buy any apples" or questions like "Did you buy any apples?"^[47] "No," meanwhile, expresses negation of existence, as in "There are no apples left."^[47] Historically, "some" derives from Old English sum, meaning "a certain one" or an indefinite individual, which evolved into a partitive sense by Middle English, competing with the numeral ān (one) that developed into "a/an."^[49] This shift allowed "some" to grammaticalize as an article-like determiner for plurals and uncountables, expanding its existential role in affirmative constructions.^[47] In positive contexts, "some" asserts existence, as in "She has some friends in the city." In interrogative contexts, it appears in questions implying expectation of affirmation, such as offers: "Would you like some coffee?"—unlike neutral inquiries using "any," like "Do you have any coffee?"^[47] This distributional pattern underscores its article-like behavior in non-specific reference.^[48]

Impact on Alphabetical Sorting

In English alphabetical sorting practices for lists, dictionaries, indexes, and bibliographies, initial definite and indefinite articles—"the," "a," and "an"—are standardly disregarded to focus on the substantive content of the entry. For instance, a title like "The Beatles" is filed under "B" rather than "T," ensuring logical grouping of related items without the interference of common determiners.^[50]^[51] This convention, codified in style guides like the Chicago Manual of Style and the American Library Association (ALA) filing rules, promotes user-friendly access in library catalogs and reference works.^[52] Exceptions occur in contexts requiring strict adherence to the full text, such as certain formal bibliographies or legal indexes, where articles are retained to preserve the exact sequence and avoid altering official designations. The National Information Standards Organization (NISO) guidelines for alphanumeric arrangement, for example, treat initial articles as integral to the heading unless manually overridden, emphasizing undistorted literal ordering in technical or archival applications.^[53] Historically, sorting practices varied before the standardization of modern rules; 19th-century dictionaries and catalogs often included articles in their positions, leading to entries like "The" appearing under "T" and influencing the overall arrangement without disregard.^[53] This approach reflected a more rigid, letter-by-letter methodology prevalent in pre-20th-century lexicography, as seen in works like Samuel Johnson's 1755 dictionary, where alphabetical order followed the full orthographic sequence without selective omissions.^[54] In digital sorting algorithms, articles are typically processed as standard characters within the string, following protocols like the Unicode Collation Algorithm (UCA), which generates sort keys based on character weights without inherent ignoring of English articles.^[55] Software implementations, however, often incorporate preprocessing steps—such as custom filters in libraries like Perl's Unicode::Collate—to disregard them for English-language contexts, enabling compatibility with traditional filing conventions in databases and search engines.^[56]

Regional Differences in West Country English

In West Country English, particularly within Anglo-Cornish varieties spoken in Cornwall, definite articles are frequently omitted before certain nouns, resulting in simplified constructions that deviate from standard English grammar. For instance, speakers may say "feedin' whole family" rather than "feeding the whole family," reflecting a non-standard omission that streamlines noun phrases.^[57] This pattern extends to irregular article use with proper names or in locative expressions, where the definite article is either dropped or substituted with demonstratives like "they" for "those," as in "in they days."^[57] The simplified article system in these dialects shows potential influence from Celtic substrates, notably the Cornish language, which lacks an indefinite article and employs a distinct definite article "an" that mutates following nouns.^[57] Historical language contact between Cornish and English likely contributed to such reductions, mirroring broader Celtic impacts on verb forms like periphrastic "do" in the region.^[57] In Devon dialects, similar tendencies appear in syntactic omissions, though less documented for articles specifically; phonetic reductions often accompany these, such as t-deletion in forms like "thee" becoming "'ee" or h-dropping in "house" to "'ouse."^[57] Examples from Cornish-influenced speech include phrases like "go church" instead of "go to the church," where the preposition and article are jointly elided for brevity in everyday rural contexts.^[57] Devon variants exhibit comparable streamlining, with omissions before institutional nouns (e.g., "school" or "bed") tied to older Anglo-Saxon roots blended with local phonology.^[58] These article omissions and related phonetic reductions persist strongly in rural West Country speech, preserved through community isolation and cultural traditions in areas like rural Devon, Cornwall, and Somerset.^[58] In contrast, urban centers such as Bristol and Plymouth demonstrate greater standardization, where increased migration and exposure to Received Pronunciation erode dialectal features, leading to more consistent article use aligned with national norms.^[58]

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[28]
https://www.etymonline.com/word/a
[29]
None
### Summary of Grammatical Influence of Old Norse on English
[30]
The Definite Article in Old English: Evidence from Ælfric's Grammar
The development of definite articles was an areal phenomenon of western, central and southern Europe, largely within the 'long' Middle Ages of c . AD 400 ...
[31]
Articles: A versus An - Purdue OWL
If the first letter makes a vowel-type sound, you use "an"; if the first letter would make a consonant-type sound, you use "a." However, even if you follow ...
[32]
Article Usage Guidelines | University Writing & Speaking Center
English uses two kinds of articles: definite (the) and indefinite (a, an). A/an serve the same grammatical purpose. A is used before consonant sounds (a pie ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[33]
[PDF] the use of articles with common nouns - Poorvu Center
If the word begins with a vowel sound, use “an”: an hour. The “h” in hour is silent, so the word starts with a vowel sound. The same rule applies for acronyms ...
[34]
https://oxfordre.com/linguistics/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-263
[35]
When did the a/an distinction happen? - English Stack Exchange
Mar 21, 2015 · In Old English, there was no indefinite article. In Middle English, the indefinite article was an (descended from the Old English word for ...
[36]
Are there other languages, besides English, where the indefinite (or ...
Mar 15, 2019 · Are there other languages, besides English, where the indefinite (or definite) article varies based on sound? Ask Question. Asked 6 years, 6 ...Programmatically determining the form of the English indefinite articleBesides English, "a" and "an". which other language uses separate ...More results from linguistics.stackexchange.comMissing: comparison | Show results with:comparison
[37]
An aim or a name? - Language Log
May 7, 2010 · Phoneticians have long used the pronunciation contrast between an aim and a name to illustrate the puzzling phenomenon known as juncture.
[38]
https://www.jstor.org/stable/4172112
[39]
[PDF] Some as an indefinite article in Present Day English - Pure
It is worth mentioning, that already in Old English some and its predecessors competed with the numeral (ane 'one') to code indefinite existence. Obviously ...
[40]
https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199237318.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199237318-e-7
[41]
Some - Etymology, Origin & Meaning
Middle English som-thing, from Old English sum þinge "a certain but unknown thing, a thing indefinitely considered;" see some + thing. Hyphenated from c ...
[42]
FAQ topics: Alphabetizing - The Chicago Manual of Style
For example, would the correct alphabetical order be (1) animal experiments, (2) animal and human bond (conjunction ignored), or (1) animal and human bond ...Missing: legal | Show results with:legal<|separator|>
[43]
Filing Rules: Basic Instructions - ALA LibGuides
Feb 27, 2025 · This guide provides basic information on the two main versions of filing rules, letter-by-letter and word-by-word, as well as further resources on arrangement ...
[44]
[PDF] Indexes - The University of Chicago Press
Alphabetical order. Introductory articles, prepositions, and conjunctions are disregarded in alphabetizing subentries, whether the subentries are run in or ...
[45]
[PDF] Guidelines for Alphabetical Arrangement of Letters and Sorting of ...
It consists of seven rules that cover problems which may arise in alphanumeric arrangement of headings. The technical report is based on the traditional order ...
[46]
Johnson's Dictionary - University of Glasgow
In this way, the history of the English dictionary can be traced all the way back to Robert Cawdrey's A table Alphabetical (1604), which contained only about ...Missing: sorting | Show results with:sorting
[47]
UTS #10: Unicode Collation Algorithm
This report is the specification of the Unicode Collation Algorithm (UCA), which details how to compare two Unicode strings while remaining conformant to the ...
[48]
Unicode Collation Algorithm
If specified, the coderef is used to preprocess each string before the formation of sort keys. ex. dropping English articles, such as "a" or "the". Then ...
[49]
[PDF] Anglo-Cornish in The Siege of Trencher's Farm and Straw Dogs
Articles may be omitted or employed irregularly (with proper names, for example). Regarding demonstrative pronouns, they might be utilised instead of those. ...
[50]
West Country English - The Dialect and Heritage Project
West Country English is thought of as a rural, 'non-standard' dialect. This is a good reminder of how attitudes towards language can change.Missing: article | Show results with:article