Fact-checked by Grok 2 weeks ago

Gregory Hemingway


Gregory Hancock Hemingway (November 12, 1931 – October 1, 2001) was an American physician and the youngest son of author Hemingway and his second wife, . Born in , he pursued , earning a degree and practicing as a in locations including rural . Hemingway authored the memoir Papa: A Personal Memoir, chronicling his complex relationship with his father, and married four times, fathering eight children. From childhood, he exhibited behaviors including , which persisted into adulthood and contributed to multiple arrests for and ; in the 1990s, he underwent and lived as a woman for several years. He died of while incarcerated in Miami, Florida, following an .

Early Life

Birth and Childhood

Gregory Hancock Hemingway was born on November 12, 1931, in , as the youngest son of novelist and his second wife, fashion editor Hemingway. The delivery proved difficult, with attending physician Don Guffey credited for saving Pauline's life, reportedly receiving a $1,500 tip from in gratitude. Known from infancy as "" within the family, Gregory spent his early childhood primarily in , , where the Hemingways maintained their home at 907 Whitehead Street following the birth of his older brother Patrick in 1928. The family later divided time between and , particularly after Ernest acquired near in 1939, exposing Gregory to a peripatetic amid his father's writing and pursuits.

Family Environment and Influences

Gregory Hemingway was born on November 12, 1931, in , to and his second wife, Hemingway, a former . As the youngest of Ernest's three sons, he spent much of his early years in the family's , home, established in 1928, where the environment blended domestic stability with Ernest's adventurous pursuits. The household reflected Ernest's nomadic lifestyle, punctuated by fishing expeditions off , hunting trips to and , and extended absences for writing and travel across , , and . Pauline, from a prosperous family, maintained the home front and supported Ernest financially early in their marriage, providing Gregory with a relatively grounded maternal presence until Ernest's separation from her in late 1939 and formal divorce in 1945. Following the divorce, Gregory, then aged 8 to 13 during the proceedings, resided primarily with Pauline in . Ernest exerted a profound influence through hands-on instruction in masculine skills, including deep-sea fishing, , and marksmanship, molding Gregory into a proficient wing shot during their shared outings. This paternal emphasis on physical toughness, self-reliance, and —core to Ernest's public persona—clashed with Gregory's emerging tendencies, evident from childhood and familiar to the family, who nicknamed him "" after the 1940s film character. Ernest observed Gregory's "troubled" nature as early as 1941, amid family strains exacerbated by the parents' marital dissolution. Pauline's death from an undiagnosed on October 1, 1951, at age 56, intensified rifts, with Ernest reportedly blaming Gregory for her decline due to his behaviors, further straining their bond. In his 1976 memoir Papa: A Personal Memoir, Gregory depicted as a compassionate yet tormented figure whose creative obsessions and emotional distance shaped family dynamics, leaving an enduring imprint of both admiration and conflict.

Education and Medical Career

Academic Background

Gregory Hemingway initially dropped out of college in 1950 but later pursued medical training, entering the School of Medicine around 1960 after several personal and familial challenges. He completed his (MD) from the in 1964, marking his primary academic qualification that enabled a subsequent career in . This education occurred amid ongoing family tensions, including revelations from his father about health concerns, yet Hemingway persisted to earn his credentials. No records indicate advanced degrees beyond the MD or formal academic pursuits in other fields.

Professional Achievements and Challenges

Gregory Hemingway completed his at the School of Medicine after earlier interruptions in his training. He initially practiced medicine in , where he worked as a while grappling with personal challenges. In the mid-1970s, he relocated to , serving first as a rural in Fort Benton before becoming the only in and Garfield County from 1978 to 1983, providing essential care to a sparsely populated area. Despite these contributions to rural healthcare, Hemingway's professional trajectory was severely undermined by chronic and associated emotional instability. These issues culminated in the loss of his , after which he ceased practicing years before his death on October 1, 2001. During his active years, he also wrote Papa: A Personal Memory, a about his father published in 1976, composed amid his clinical duties in .

Personal Life

Marriages and Family

Gregory Hemingway married four times and fathered eight children across these unions. His first marriage, to in 1951 and opposed by his father , ended around 1956. The second, to Alice Thomas from 1959 to 1967, and the third, to Valerie Danby-Smith from 1966 to 1987, together produced seven children. The third marriage yielded three sons: , Vanessa (who later changed her name), and . His fourth marriage, to Ida Mae Galliher, began in 1992 and produced one ; the couple divorced in 1995 but remarried in 1997. All marriages ended in divorce or separation amid personal challenges, including Hemingway's legal troubles and issues, though he maintained relationships with some children. In his 1994 will, Hemingway divided his estate among Galliher and his eight children, reflecting ongoing family ties despite estrangements. In 1951, at the age of 19, Gregory Hemingway was arrested in for attempting to enter and use a women's at a movie theater while dressed in women's . The incident exacerbated tensions within the family; his mother, Pauline, suffered an and died shortly thereafter during an argument with over the matter, with Ernest blaming Gregory's behavior for contributing to her stress and demise. Hemingway faced additional legal troubles over the years related to public behavior while cross-dressed, including arrests for improper public display, though specific details and dates for these prior to 2001 remain sparsely documented in public records. On September 25, 2001, Hemingway was arrested in , following a park ranger's report of a naked individual wandering in Bill Baggs Cape ; police found him unclothed, impaired, and non-compliant, leading to charges of and without violence. He was held on $1,000 bail in the women's annex of the Miami-Dade County Jail, where a medical examination confirmed his prior sex-reassignment . Hemingway died in custody on October 1, 2001, of cardiovascular collapse due to and arteriosclerotic , before his scheduled court appearance.

Relationship with Ernest Hemingway

Early Bonds

Gregory Hancock Hemingway, born on November 12, 1931, in , was the youngest son of and his second wife, . Ernest affectionately nicknamed him "Gigi," a moniker that reflected the initial warmth in their relationship. Despite having hoped for a , Ernest was reportedly smitten upon holding the newborn Gregory, fostering an early attachment that involved playful family interactions at their home in , . During Gregory's childhood, Ernest included him in outdoor activities emblematic of the father's rugged lifestyle, such as and expeditions. In 1940, at age nine, Gregory accompanied on a in Idaho's Pahsimeroi Valley, highlighting their shared interests in and . These experiences, alongside sessions and time aboard the family boat Pilar, cultivated a bond rooted in adventure and physical prowess, with Gregory described as a superb by those close to the . Ernest's letters and accounts from the period indicate pride in his son's vitality and enthusiasm for these pursuits. This early phase of paternal affection contrasted with later estrangements, but it established Gregory's admiration for his father, whom he referred to as "." Family photographs from capture moments of levity, such as interactions with pets, underscoring the domestic closeness before tensions arose from Ernest's divorces and personal struggles. Gregory later reflected on these years in his memoir Papa: A Personal Memoir, portraying an idealized view of his father's charisma during his formative period.

Major Conflicts and Estrangement

The primary rupture in the relationship between Gregory Hemingway and his father, , occurred in 1951 amid the death of Gregory's mother, , from adrenal cancer complications following surgery on October 22. blamed Gregory for exacerbating Pauline's stress and contributing to her demise, particularly in light of Gregory's arrest earlier that year for in women's attire while a student at the . This incident, involving Gregory's public appearance in a women's dressed in a skirt and heels, prompted a heated phone confrontation where Ernest reportedly told Gregory, "Well, it killed mother," severing their already strained ties. The timing—Pauline's overlapping with the —intensified Ernest's longstanding disapproval of Gregory's gender-atypical behaviors, which had surfaced earlier in through incidents like borrowing women's clothing. From 1951 onward, father and son remained permanently estranged, with no further meetings or reconciliation before Ernest's on July 2, 1961. Gregory later reflected on this fallout in his 1976 Papa: A Personal Memory, portraying Ernest as a domineering figure whose clashed irreconcilably with Gregory's personal struggles, though he also acknowledged early paternal affection. The estrangement extended to Ernest prohibiting mention of Gregory in his household during his final years.

Mental Health Struggles

Family Legacy of Mental Illness

The Hemingway family demonstrated a multigenerational pattern of severe disorders, prominently featuring , tendencies, and . Ernest Hemingway's father, Clarence E. Hemingway, a , died by on December 6, 1928, at age 77, shooting himself with a amid reported financial strains and health issues, establishing an early familial precedent for such outcomes. Ernest himself endured chronic , paranoid delusions, probable , and untreated , compounded by and traumatic brain injuries from multiple accidents, leading to his by shotgun on July 2, 1961, at his home in . This legacy extended to Ernest's siblings: his sister Ursula Hemingway committed suicide in 1966 by overdose, and brother Leicester Hemingway followed in 1982, also by self-inflicted gunshot, amid struggles with and . In total, at least five immediate Hemingway family members, including Ernest, died by suicide, with extended kin—such as granddaughter Margaux Hemingway in 1996—bringing documented cases to seven, highlighting a recurrent vulnerability potentially linked to genetic predispositions, untreated , and shared environmental factors like heavy use. Ernest's mother, , exhibited depressive episodes and controlling behaviors that strained family dynamics, further evidencing affective instability in the lineage. Such patterns were publicly acknowledged by later generations, including Gregory Hemingway's daughter Lorian and granddaughter , who in documentaries and memoirs described an "endemic" inheritance of unaddressed mental illness, often intertwined with and , influencing subsequent family members' risks. While some researchers hypothesize contributing physiological factors like hereditary hemochromatosis exacerbating psychiatric symptoms, the predominant evidence underscores a and heritable burden of mood disorders and suicidality that shadowed Gregory from childhood.

Personal Diagnoses and Treatments

Gregory Hemingway was diagnosed with , historically termed , a condition characterized by alternating episodes of and severe . This diagnosis aligned with recurrent psychiatric crises, including periods of institutionalization following acute breakdowns. He received (ECT), also known as , on numerous occasions as a primary intervention for his depressive episodes and overall mood instability. Reports indicate he underwent several dozen ECT sessions during at least one extended hospitalization, a treatment then commonly applied for severe bipolar depression despite its risks of memory loss and cognitive side effects. Additional psychiatric therapies and hospitalizations addressed his symptoms, though these interventions did not prevent cycles of exacerbated by and legal troubles. As a trained , Hemingway occasionally resisted or modified his own treatment protocols, reflecting a complex interplay between professional knowledge and personal denial of illness severity. Despite these efforts, his contributed to professional setbacks, including the loss of his in the 1970s amid erratic behavior.

Gender Dysphoria and Transition

Early Signs and Incidents

Gregory Hemingway, Ernest's youngest son born on November 12, 1931, displayed initial indications of gender-related distress during his boyhood, including a fixation on cross-dressing that reportedly began early. Ernest nicknamed him "Gigi," a moniker evoking a feminine literary character from Colette's works, which he used throughout Gregory's youth. A pivotal early incident occurred in the early , when Gregory, around age 10, was discovered in the family home in trying on stepmother Martha Gellhorn's nylons and dress; reacted with fury, reportedly going "berserk" at the sight. This event highlighted underlying family tensions over , with later telling Gregory, "Gigi, we come from a strange ," in reference to shared patterns of unconventional behavior. Scholars and biographers have linked such childhood episodes to broader Hemingway family dynamics, including 's own reported early experiences with androgynous dressing, though Gregory's compulsion persisted privately into adolescence. By late adolescence, these private tendencies surfaced publicly. In 1951, at age 19, Gregory was arrested in a women's restroom at a Los Angeles movie theater while dressed in women's clothing, an incident that intensified conflicts with his father and reportedly contributed to the emotional strain preceding his mother Pauline's sudden death from a heart attack shortly thereafter. Ernest, informed of the arrest, berated Gregory harshly during a phone call with Pauline, exacerbating familial rifts over his son's cross-dressing. Gregory later reflected that his father had long been aware of these behaviors, viewing them as antithetical to the hyper-masculine ideals Ernest embodied. These early episodes foreshadowed lifelong struggles, with Gregory describing in adulthood his expenditure of "hundreds of thousands of dollars trying not to be a transvestite."

Later Developments and Surgery

In the mid-1990s, following decades of intermittent , arrests related to , and unsuccessful attempts at , Gregory Hemingway pursued at age 64. The procedure, performed in , involved surgical alteration of genitalia to approximate . Hemingway subsequently adopted the name and remarried his fourth wife, , who had been with him before and after the surgery; the couple remained together until his death. The transition remained incomplete and inconsistent. Hemingway experimented with breast implants but reversed at least one due to dissatisfaction or complications, and he never lived full-time as a , continuing to present variably in male attire and professional contexts where applicable. Post-surgery, during a 2001 in , corrections medical staff examined him and classified him as female based on his altered genital organs, leading to housing in a women's facility despite his outward male presentation. This classification aligned with the physical changes from surgery but highlighted the partial nature of his transition, as he retained male secondary characteristics and did not pursue comprehensive or full as female.

Criticisms and Alternative Explanations

Some observers and family associates have questioned whether 's represented a distinct, innate condition or instead manifested as a symptom of his longstanding and associated manic episodes, which often involved impulsive, disinhibited behaviors including and public exposures. Hemingway underwent hundreds of sessions for manic depression, a he reportedly favored, amid a history marked by multiple suicides—including his , grandfather, uncle, aunt, and niece—which underscores a hereditary pattern of severe psychiatric instability potentially confounding gender-related presentations. Contemporaries like poet Donald Junkins described Hemingway's 1995 as "wacko," attributing it to profound mental fragmentation rather than a resolute alignment. Alternative explanations emphasize comorbidity over causality, positing that disorder's characteristic mood swings, , and identity disturbances—exacerbated by and drug abuse—drove episodic cross-gender expressions more than an autonomous requiring irreversible intervention. Post-transition outcomes failed to stabilize his condition; Hemingway retained male presentation much of the time, faced ongoing legal issues for (including his fatal 2001 while cross-dressed in a women's restroom), and died of heart disease and in Miami-Dade Women's at age 69, suggesting unresolved underlying . While daughter viewed the surgery as courageous, such interpretations risk overlooking empirical patterns where untreated symptoms mimic or amplify , as evidenced by Hemingway's pre- and post-operative volatility. Critics of retrospective framings argue that privileging narratives amid documented psychiatric crises imposes anachronistic lenses, potentially downplaying causal realism in favor of affirmation models that bypass rigorous . himself acknowledged their shared "strange tribe" after discovering Gregory's 1951 cross-dressing arrest at college, hinting at inherited eccentricities intertwined with mental fragility rather than isolated . This perspective aligns with observations that Hemingway's gender explorations often coincided with manic decompensations, including battery charges and institutionalizations, rather than consistent, distress-driven incongruence independent of mood pathology.

Writings

Key Publications

Gregory H. Hemingway's primary literary work was the memoir Papa: A Personal Memoir, published by Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill in 1976. The book chronicles his complex relationship with his father, , drawing on personal experiences from childhood through adulthood, including dynamics, , and conflicts that shaped their bond. It includes vivid anecdotes of shared activities such as and in and , while addressing the elder Hemingway's demanding personality and its impact on his son. The memoir received attention for offering an intimate, firsthand perspective on Ernest Hemingway's private life, contrasting with more public accounts and providing insights into the author's paternal role. Critics noted its balanced portrayal, blending affection with candid revelations of estrangement and emotional strain, though some reviews emphasized the need for cross-referencing with other sources due to subjective elements. Prefaced by , the work sold modestly but contributed to discussions of the Hemingway family's legacy of personal turmoil. No other major publications by Gregory Hemingway are documented, as his career primarily focused on medicine rather than extensive writing. Occasional contributions, such as potential forewords to editions of his father's works, appear in bibliographic listings but lack confirmed authorship details beyond the memoir.

Themes and Reception

Gregory Hemingway's primary literary contribution was his 1976 memoir Papa: A Personal Memoir, which delves into the multifaceted dynamics of his upbringing under Ernest Hemingway, emphasizing paternal affection amid bouts of cruelty and familial discord. Central themes include the interplay of adventure and emotional volatility in father-son bonding—such as shared pursuits in fishing, hunting, and boxing—juxtaposed against Ernest's domineering expectations and verbal abusiveness, which strained their relationship over time. The work also examines broader family interactions, portraying Ernest's marriages and their impact on his children, while humanizing the elder Hemingway as a figure of both inspiration and intimidation, rooted in personal anecdotes rather than public mythos. Reception of the was generally favorable for its candid revelations, with a New York Times review praising it as "a late-night unearthing of childhood joy and adolescent regret" that offered rare glimpses into Hemingway's private paternal role. Critics appreciated its stylistic echoes of Ernest's concise and its avoidance of , positioning it as an elegant, if pained, reconciliation attempt. However, subsequent assessments have highlighted omissions, particularly Gregory's exclusion of his own gender-related struggles and legal troubles, rendering the narrative selective and potentially evasive about the full context of familial dysfunction. Readers and biographers have noted factual inconsistencies in places, attributing them to emotional bias, though the book's value endures for illuminating the Hemingway legacy's interpersonal toll.

Death and Aftermath

Final Arrest and Demise

On September 25, 2001, police arrested Gregory Hemingway, aged 69, following a report from a of a naked pedestrian on a highway near Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park. Officers encountered him in the process of putting on his underwear while carrying a and high-heeled shoes; he appeared intoxicated and was charged with and without violence. Due to his presentation and prior identifications as female, authorities placed him in the rather than a men's facility. Hemingway died in his cell at the on October 1, 2001, at approximately 5:45 a.m., five days after his and while awaiting a appearance on the charges. An conducted by Miami-Dade authorities determined the to be and , classified as natural causes with no evidence of foul play or . This incident marked the culmination of Hemingway's long history of legal troubles, including prior s for similar public exposure offenses, amid ongoing struggles with and .

Estate Disputes and Legacy

Following Gregory Hemingway's death on October 1, 2001, his , valued at approximately $7.5 million and comprising a one-third share of Ernest Hemingway's literary copyrights and trusts, became the subject of a contentious legal battle among his eight children and his fourth wife, Hemingway. The children challenged a will produced by Ida, dated 1997 and 1998, which bequeathed $1,000 each to three of them while directing the bulk of the assets to her; they argued its invalidity on grounds of Hemingway's mental incompetence, attributing it to the effects of his longstanding , electroshock treatments, and related psychological distress. An earlier will from 1995 had favored the children more substantially, leaving the primarily to them and highlighting inconsistencies in Hemingway's testamentary intentions amid his turbulent final years. The dispute, filed in Miami-Dade County courts, escalated family tensions, with the grandchildren seeking to invalidate the later will and retain control over the inheritance derived from Hemingway's works, including royalties from books and image rights. resolved the conflict in October 2003, though specific settlement terms remained confidential; one family member described it as a "resolution" preserving the Hemingway literary legacy without further litigation. Hemingway's legacy endures primarily through his 1976 memoir Papa: A Personal Memory, which candidly detailed his fraught relationship with his father and offered insights into Hemingway's domestic life, earning mixed reception for its psychological depth despite stylistic critiques. As a specializing in , he practiced in and , contributing to initiatives like anti-smoking advocacy, though his career was intermittently disrupted by personal crises including and legal troubles. His life, marked by , multiple marriages, and eight children, has been interpreted by biographers as exemplifying intergenerational patterns of mental instability in the Hemingway family, with empirical links to genetic and environmental factors like paternal expectations and untreated trauma, rather than unsubstantiated cultural narratives. The estate resolution underscored ongoing familial stewardship of the Hemingway , ensuring its management by descendants while his personal struggles continue to inform discussions on hereditary psychological burdens.

References

  1. [1]
    Gregory H. Hemingway, 69; Wrote a Memoir Called 'Papa'
    Oct 5, 2001 · Gregory Hemingway was born in Kansas City, Mo., on Nov. 12, 1931. His mother, the former Pauline Pfeiffer, was the second of Ernest Hemingway's ...Missing: facts | Show results with:facts
  2. [2]
    Gregory Hemingway - The Telegraph
    Oct 5, 2001 · GREGORY HEMINGWAY, who has died aged 69, was the youngest son of the writer Ernest Hemingway; a champion game shot as a boy, he later became ...
  3. [3]
    Gregory Hemingway | The Independent
    Oct 10, 2001 · Gregory Hancock Hemingway, medical practitioner: born Kansas City, Missouri 12 November 1931; four times married (eight children); died Miami, Florida 1 ...
  4. [4]
    Gregory Hemingway Dies - The Washington Post
    Oct 4, 2001 · Gregory Hemingway, 69, a former physician who also was known as Gloria Hemingway and was born the son of legendary writer Ernest Hemingway, was found dead Oct. ...
  5. [5]
    Hemingway's Children - JFK Library
    Gregory (later: Gloria) Hemingway (November 12, 1931-October 1, 2001), physician, was the younger child of Ernest and Pauline Hemingway. "Hancock" is another ...Missing: facts | Show results with:facts
  6. [6]
    Hemingway's son, Gregory, 69, dies in | | bozemandailychronicle.com
    Oct 4, 2001 · Gregory Hemingway, author Ernest Hemingway's youngest son who had a long history in Montana, died in a Florida jail Monday. He was 69.Missing: facts | Show results with:facts
  7. [7]
    G. Hemingway, 69; Youngest Son of Famous Novelist
    Oct 5, 2001 · Gregory Hemingway, the youngest son of novelist Ernest Hemingway and a former physician who underwent a late-in-life sex-change operation, died Monday in a ...
  8. [8]
    Biography of Pauline Pfeiffer | Hemingway | Ken Burns - PBS
    Pauline Pfeiffer was a journalist and the second wife of Ernest Hemingway. She was born in Parkersburg, Iowa, but spent most of her childhood growing up in St. ...Missing: environment | Show results with:environment
  9. [9]
    Papa: A Personal Memoir by Gregory H. Hemingway - pagesofjulia
    Feb 18, 2012 · Gregory Hemingway, known as Mr. Gig or Gigi to his family, was Ernest Hemingway's youngest of three sons; his mother was Pauline, Papa's second ...
  10. [10]
    The old man and the she - Chicago Tribune
    Oct 26, 2001 · Gregory's mother, Pauline Pfeiffer Hemingway, died in 1951 at age 56 of an undiagnosed tumor. -Hemingway's sole surviving child is son Patrick, ...
  11. [11]
    Gloria Hemingway (1931 - 2001) writer, doctor.
    Nov 5, 2011 · He became a general practitioner in Fort Benton, Montana (population 1500), and stayed for a year. From 1978-83 he was a country doctor in ...
  12. [12]
    Hemingway and son - Financial Times
    Jan 13, 2012 · In 1960, after many false starts, Gigi began medical school at the University of Miami. One of the first things he says he did was “to write ...Missing: degree | Show results with:degree
  13. [13]
    A Doctor‐Author in Hemingway Country - The New York Times
    Jul 27, 1976 · Hemingway became physician, as he wrote in his hook, “Papa,” after apparently exorcising the impulse to become “a Hemingway hero.” For ‐the past ...Missing: career | Show results with:career
  14. [14]
    Transexual marriage contested by children | World news
    Aug 19, 2003 · Gregory Hemingway's will, written in 1994, divided his estate ... He became a doctor in New York, but lost his licence, also because of drinking.Missing: physician career<|control11|><|separator|>
  15. [15]
    PAPA'S BOYS - The Washington Post
    Jul 29, 1987 · Gregory Hemingway, the cross-dresser, the manic-depressive, the reforming alcoholic, has three ex-wives and eight children. (One of his children ...
  16. [16]
    Gregory Hemingway: Son of the Father | by Steve Newman Writer
    Aug 23, 2018 · Hemingway named the boy after several popes, an old Toronto friend, Greg Clark, and his maternal grandmother Caroline Hancock Hall. It doesn't ...Missing: facts | Show results with:facts
  17. [17]
    Idaho - JFK Library
    Patrick, John, Ernest, and Gregory Hemingway at Club Cazadores, Cuba, c. Hemingway's Children. Martha Gelhorn Hemingway at the Finca Vigía, Cuba. Martha ...Missing: upbringing | Show results with:upbringing
  18. [18]
    Lessons from Cuba: The Fighting Chair on Pilar - Now Habersham
    Jun 17, 2016 · Papa Hemingway gave his youngest son, a superb athlete, he nickname Gigi, as a young boy. From early writings, though, America's Pulitzer ...
  19. [19]
    A family member's account of Ernest Hemingway's last days
    Dec 7, 2004 · His youngest son, Gregory, had long been estranged from his father. Mention of his name was forbidden in the Hemingway household during my stay ...
  20. [20]
    Ernest Hemingway: How Mental Illness Plagued the Writer and His ...
    Apr 1, 2021 · Hemingway faced a lifelong battle against depression, alcoholism and mental health issues, all of which contributed to his death by suicide on July 2, 1961.
  21. [21]
    How mental health struggles wrote Ernest Hemingway's final chapter
    Jul 21, 2020 · We now know that Hemingway suffered from severe depression, paranoid delusions and bipolar disease exacerbated by a history of alcoholism, severe head injuries.
  22. [22]
    Ernest Hemingway: a psychological autopsy of a suicide - PubMed
    Late in life, Hemingway also developed symptoms of psychosis likely related to his underlying affective illness and superimposed alcoholism and traumatic brain ...
  23. [23]
    Hemingway family mental illness explored in new film | CNN
    Jan 23, 2013 · Seven members of Hemingway's family have died by taking their own lives, including Ernest and Mariel Hemingway's older sister Margaux, she said.
  24. [24]
    Suicide and the Hemingway Family
    Jan 27, 2013 · “Seven members of [the] Hemingway family have died by taking their own lives, including Ernest and Mariel Hemingway's older sister, Margaux, she ...
  25. [25]
    Hemingway family secrets created a legacy of addiction and suicide
    Apr 15, 2013 · Mariel Hemingway, the granddaughter of Ernest Hemingway, has disclosed some of her family's most toxic secrets in a documentary on her family.
  26. [26]
    Exploring the Hemingway family legacy of mental illness and suicide
    Oct 14, 2013 · The Hemingways are like any other family whose inability to cope with the stigma and trauma of mental illness becomes endemic, leaving ...
  27. [27]
    Hemingway's Suicide Caused by his Doctors - Dr. Gabe Mirkin
    Apr 15, 2022 · I believe that his suicide was caused by his doctors' complete failure to diagnose hemochromatosis, a hereditary disease that was so well known and so easy to ...
  28. [28]
    The troubled life of Ernest Hemingway's trans child - The Telegraph
    May 31, 2023 · Gregory Hemingway, later Gloria, son of Ernest, at the age of ... diagnosed with manic depression. (They diverged in becoming a doctor ...
  29. [29]
    [PDF] THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER'S ...
    Greg's Major Depressive Disorder is treated by Electroconvulsive Therapy, or more commonly known as “shock treatment”. This controversial treatment was used ...
  30. [30]
    Hemingway; A Family of Tragic Dimensions -
    May 14, 2013 · Both sons, Jack and Gregory were said to have suffered from alcoholism and depression. Gregory, the last born, had transgender issues , but ...Missing: background | Show results with:background
  31. [31]
    The Last Days of Hemingway at Mayo Clinic - Mpls.St.Paul Magazine
    Mar 1, 2019 · Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) sends electric ... Others speculate that Hemingway and family members suffered from bipolar disorder.
  32. [32]
    THE OLD MAN AND THE SEED - Tampa Bay Times
    Jul 8, 2007 · Strange Tribe is primarily about John and his father, Gregory Hemingway, who died in 2001, and the ways in which the father's often bizarre ...Missing: upbringing | Show results with:upbringing
  33. [33]
    Hemingway, the Sensualist | The New Yorker
    Jun 26, 2017 · At one point, Hemingway came upon the boy, whom he called Giggy, trying on his mother's stockings and dress in a family bedroom in Cuba, and ...
  34. [34]
    Did being dressed as a girl leave Hemingway confused? - Daily Mail
    May 20, 2017 · But did being dressed as a girl by his mother leave Hemingway confused about his sexuality? ... 'Gigi, we come from a strange tribe, you and I,' ...
  35. [35]
    Surviving as a Hemingway - Wednesday Journal
    Feb 23, 2010 · Gregory Hemingway, a doctor, had been married four times and was the ... Since childhood, he's struggled to understand unhealthy family dynamics.
  36. [36]
    Gloria Hemingway's Tragic Life As The Transgender Child Of Ernest ...
    Jun 7, 2021 · Gregory Hancock Hemingway was born on Nov. 12, 1931, in Kansas City, Missouri, to Ernest Hemingway and his second wife, Pauline, née Pfieffer.
  37. [37]
    Hemingway's Transgender Daughter Dishonored in Death |
    Apr 8, 2021 · Having married her pre-transition and again two years post transition, the two stayed united until Gloria's passing. She said of Gloria after ...
  38. [38]
    Ernest Hemingway's transgender son - Eilers Pizza - WordPress.com
    Feb 16, 2017 · Gregory Hemingway never lived full time as Gloria or Vanessa, his ... He was arrested for an improper public display while presenting as a woman.
  39. [39]
    Gender at heart of Hemingway family feud - The Globe and Mail
    Aug 20, 2003 · Late son's will challenged by fourth wife, who alleges he underwent sex change.Missing: reassignment details
  40. [40]
    Tragic Details About The Hemingway Family - Grunge
    May 4, 2022 · His father committed suicide · He hated his mother · He was injured in the First World War · Hemingway was in two plane crashes that seriously ...
  41. [41]
    Gloria Hemingway | Military Wiki | Fandom
    Gloria Hemingway (born Gregory Hancock Hemingway, November 12, 1931 – October 1, 2001) was the third and youngest child of author Ernest Hemingway.
  42. [42]
    Transsexual son haunts Hemingway clan | The Independent
    Sep 28, 2003 · Just as he had two genders, Gregory Hemingway (or Gloria, as he also called himself) wrote two wills. The first left the bulk of his inherited ...
  43. [43]
    Papa : a personal memoir : Hemingway, Gregory H., 1931
    Aug 28, 2021 · Papa : a personal memoir ; Publication date: 1976 ; Topics: Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961 -- Family, Hemingway, Gregory H., 1931-, Authors, ...
  44. [44]
    Papa: A Personal Memoir by Gregory H. Hemingway (1976-06-01)
    Rating 4.5 (31) Excellent insight into Ernest Hemingway and the intense dynamics of his family. A well written page turner. Helpful. Share. Report this review. Optional: Why ...
  45. [45]
    Papa Personal Memoir by Gregory Hemingway, First Edition
    1st Edition. Preface by Norman Mailer. Signed and inscribed to prior Fort Benton, MT., owners by author Gregory Hemingway, M.D. While the inscription itself is ...Missing: Memory | Show results with:Memory
  46. [46]
  47. [47]
    Books by Gregory H. Hemingway (Author of The Complete Short ...
    Gregory H. Hemingway has 5 books on Goodreads with 90839 ratings. Gregory H. Hemingway's most popular book is The Complete Short Stories of Ernest Heming...
  48. [48]
    "Dear Papa," New Book of Letters by Ernest and Patrick Hemingway
    Jul 16, 2022 · Gregory was 10 when Ernest walked in on him trying on his stepmother Martha Gellhorn's silk stockings. Ernest wrote Pauline that their youngest ...
  49. [49]
    Papa: A Personal Memoir by Gregory H. Hemingway | Goodreads
    Rating 3.5 (142) “Papa- A Personal Memoir” is a book written by Gregory H.Hemingway, Ernets Hemingways's youngest son. It is entertaining and heart touching.Missing: early | Show results with:early
  50. [50]
    Hemingway son, 69, dies in Miami jail
    Oct 5, 2001 · He was in jail awaiting a court appearance on charges of indecent exposure and resisting arrest without violence. ... In Gregory Hemingway's 1976 ...Missing: incidents | Show results with:incidents
  51. [51]
    Hemingways settle battle over estate - Chicago Tribune
    Oct 4, 2003 · Eight grandchildren of Ernest Hemingway have settled a dispute over the $7.5 million estate of the writer's transsexual child, Gloria.
  52. [52]
    Hemingway family settles estate feud - Telegraph India
    Oct 4, 2003 · Miami, Oct. 3 (Reuters): Eight grandchildren of Ernest Hemingway have settled a bitter feud with the widow of the writer's transsexual son ...Missing: disputes | Show results with:disputes
  53. [53]
    Hemingway estate dispute settled - Sarasota Herald-Tribune
    Oct 4, 2003 · MIAMI -- Eight grandchildren of Ernest Hemingway have settled a legal dispute with the widow of the writer's transgendered child, Gloria, ...
  54. [54]
    Entertainment | Hemingway legacy feud 'resolved' - BBC NEWS
    Oct 3, 2003 · Gregory Hemingway was arrested in 2001 in Key Biscayne, Miami. He died in his cell four days later. Gregory's eight children - Patrick ...Missing: incidents | Show results with:incidents
  55. [55]
    Gender-bending Hemingway lawsuit settled - UPI.com
    Oct 3, 2003 · Gregory Hemingway died Oct. 1, 2001, at the Women's Annex of the Miami-Dade County Jail. He was arrested a month earlier on indecent exposure ...Missing: incidents | Show results with:incidents