Fact-checked by Grok 2 weeks ago

Leon Spinks

Leon Spinks (July 11, 1953 – February 5, 2021) was an American professional boxer renowned for his upset victory over to win the undisputed heavyweight world championship in only his eighth professional fight on February 15, 1978, marking one of the greatest surprises in history. Born in , , to a poor family as the eldest of seven children, Spinks dropped out of high school and joined the U.S. Marine Corps, where he discovered and joined the All-Marine boxing team in 1973. As an amateur, Spinks compiled an exceptional record of 178 wins and 7 losses, including 133 knockouts, and captured three consecutive U.S. national championships from 1974 to 1976. He earned a at the 1974 World Amateur Boxing Championships in , , and a silver at the 1975 before securing the gold medal in the division at the in , where he defeated 's Sixto in the final by knockout. Spinks turned professional in January 1977 and, after going 7-0-1, challenged for the title as a heavy , winning a controversial 15-round in to become the lineal, , and WBA champion. His reign proved the shortest in history at 212 days; he was stripped of the title for declining a mandatory defense against and lost the WBA and lineal titles to in a rematch on September 15, 1978, in New Orleans. He fought sporadically thereafter, retiring in 1988 before brief comebacks in 1991 and 1995, ending his career with a record of 26 wins (14 by ), 17 losses, and 3 draws. In retirement, Spinks encountered financial hardships, including periods of homelessness and working as a , and battled health issues stemming from his career, such as , before being diagnosed with advanced in 2019. He married three times—first to in 1974, then to (divorced 2004), and finally to in 2011—and fathered three sons, all professional boxers: (a two-division world champion), the late Leon Calvin (killed in 1990), and Daryl. With his younger brother , another and champion, they formed the only sibling pair to both hold world titles. Spinks was inducted into the Boxing Hall of Fame in 2017 and featured in the 2009 documentary Facing Ali.

Early life

Childhood in St. Louis

Leon Spinks was born on July 11, 1953, in , , as the eldest of seven children to parents Leon and Kay Spinks. His parents separated shortly after his birth, leaving his mother to raise the family alone amid financial struggles. The Spinks family resided in the Pruitt-Igoe housing projects, a sprawling public housing complex in north plagued by , rampant , and deteriorating conditions that prompted federal intervention, including the deployment of Army paratroopers in the late 1960s to quell violence. These urban hardships—marked by gang activity, drug issues, and limited access to quality education and jobs—shaped a challenging environment where opportunities for advancement were scarce, fostering a sense of survival amid constant adversity. Spinks shared a particularly close bond with his younger brother , about three years his junior, as they navigated the project's dangers together, often protecting each other from street threats; would later follow into , winning an Olympic gold medal in 1976 and becoming a multi-division world champion. Their shared experiences in the impoverished setting instilled resilience that influenced both brothers' paths. As a youth, Spinks suffered from , which left him frail and vulnerable to in the rough neighborhood, exacerbating his sense of isolation. He dropped out of during the 10th grade, engaging in and minor run-ins with the law that reflected the broader turmoil of his in a community rife with delinquency. These early struggles, compounded by his estranged father's dismissive attitude toward his potential, marked a troubled period that Spinks later credited as motivating his search for structure.

Military service and introduction to boxing

Spinks enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in July 1973 at the age of 19, seeking structure after dropping out of high school amid a challenging upbringing in . His initial training at the Marine Corps Recruit Depot in was extended from the standard 13 weeks to six months due to difficulties adjusting to military discipline, including conflicts with drill instructors. He ultimately graduated in December 1973 and was honorably discharged in 1976, having risen to the rank of corporal while stationed primarily at in . While in the , Spinks discovered through the 's organized athletic programs, which provided an outlet for his energy and helped instill the discipline he initially struggled with. He joined the All-Marine team, where he trained under assistant coach J.C. Davis, the first African American to lead the Marine Corps program since 1967. Davis immediately recognized Spinks' raw talent and ferocity after his debut session at Camp Lejeune, in which Spinks his opponent in just 15 seconds, marking the start of his foundational training in technique, stamina, and ring strategy. These early bouts during his , often against fellow , honed his aggressive style and built the physical and mental resilience essential to his future success. The Marine Corps environment played a pivotal role in transforming Spinks' unpolished potential into disciplined pugilistic skill, emphasizing rigorous conditioning and competitive sparring that contrasted with his pre-enlistment street-fighting experiences. During this period, he earned the nickname "Neon Leon" for his vibrant personality and electrifying, high-energy fighting approach that lit up the ring.

Amateur career

Early amateur competitions

After honing his boxing skills in the U.S. Marine Corps, where he served until his discharge in 1976 and won All-Marine championships through service competitions, Leon Spinks rapidly established himself in the ranks as a with an aggressive, brawling style. His overall stood at 178 wins, 7 losses, and 133 knockouts, reflecting his power-punching approach that often overwhelmed opponents early. In 1974, Spinks captured the National AAU light heavyweight title before competing at the inaugural World Amateur Boxing Championships in , , where he earned a . There, he advanced by knocking out Jacob Odonga of in the first round and receiving a in the quarterfinals, but was stopped in the third round by Soviet boxer Oleg Karatayev in the semifinals. This performance marked his emergence on the international stage as a formidable contender. Spinks continued his ascent in 1975 by winning another AAU light heavyweight championship. At the in , he secured a , defeating Terrence Bristol of by second-round in the quarterfinals and João Batista of by points in the semifinals, before losing a close points decision to Cuba's Orestes Pedroso in the final. These victories against regional rivals highlighted his knockout prowess and resilience in longer bouts. Building momentum, Spinks claimed his third consecutive National AAU light heavyweight title in 1976. He qualified for the U.S. Olympic team by winning the Olympic trials in , where his aggressive forward pressure shone through in a narrow decision victory over John Davis in the final. This success positioned him as a top American prospect heading into the Games.

1976 Summer Olympics

Leon Spinks competed in the light heavyweight division (75–81 kg) at the in , , where he entered as a relatively unpolished but aggressive fighter with over 130 amateur bouts under his belt. Having earned a at the , Spinks advanced through the tournament undefeated. Spinks began his Olympic campaign with a first-round knockout victory over Abdel Latif Fatihi of in the round of 32. He followed with unanimous 5–0 decisions against Anatoly Klimanov of the in the round of 16 and Ottomar Sachse of in the quarterfinals. In the semifinals, Spinks secured a unanimous 5–0 points win over Janusz Gortat of , advancing to the gold medal bout. In the final on July 31, Spinks faced reigning world champion Sixto Soria of and delivered a dominant performance, battering his opponent with heavy punches until the referee stopped the contest at 1:09 of , awarding Spinks the by referee-stopped contest. His 5–0 record capped a remarkable run, contributing to the ' most successful performance with five gold medals across the 11 weight classes. Spinks' Olympic triumph brought immediate national recognition, including a meeting with President and widespread media coverage that highlighted his rags-to-riches story as a former Marine from .

Professional boxing career

Debut and rise to contender

Spinks transitioned to following his gold medal win at the , where he competed as a before moving up to the division. His professional debut occurred on January 15, 1977, at the Aladdin Hotel in , , against Bob Smith, whom he defeated by technical knockout in the fifth round after dropping Smith with a left hook. Over the course of his first seven professional bouts in , Spinks compiled a record of 6 wins, 0 losses, and 1 , with 5 knockouts, demonstrating his aggressive, bobbing-and-weaving adapted from amateur rules under the guidance of his initial trainer, Sam Solomon. Notable victories included a first-round knockout of Pedro Agosto on May 7 at in , , and a over Alfio Righetti on November 18 at Hilton Hotel in , , showcasing his ability to outwork opponents with relentless pressure and body punching. His only blemish came in a controversial split against the durable on October 22 in , a fight many observers believed Spinks had won through superior volume and ring generalship. Spinks' rapid progress was bolstered by signing with promoter of in early 1977, who secured television exposure on for six of his initial seven fights, building public interest in the Olympic champion as a prospect. This media platform, combined with Spinks' unorthodox footwork and punching power—honed from military service and amateur pedigree—positioned him as a legitimate contender by late 1977, leading to high-profile matchmaking that tested his transition to 15-round professional bouts.

Upset victory over Muhammad Ali

On February 15, 1978, at the Hilton Hotel in , , Leon Spinks faced for the undisputed (WBA), (WBC), and lineal championships. Entering the bout with a professional record of 6-0-1, it marked only Spinks' eighth professional fight following his gold medal win at the . Ali, aged 36 and returning from a brief retirement after defeating Jimmy Young in May 1977, had selected the relatively untested Spinks as his opponent, viewing him as an accessible challenge to reclaim the spotlight. Pre-fight odds heavily favored Ali at 10-1, reflecting widespread expectations that the former champion's experience would prevail over Spinks' raw athleticism and limited professional seasoning. The 15-round fight showcased Spinks' relentless aggression against Ali's more measured, defensive style. Spinks applied constant pressure, advancing behind a high guard and unleashing combinations that disrupted 's rhythm, while relied on clinches, jabs, and tactics to conserve energy. Unofficial punch statistics indicated Spinks landed 419 blows to 's 254, with Spinks connecting on a significantly higher and outlanding by a margin of roughly five to three overall. , who weighed in at a career-high 224 pounds and appeared underprepared after limited during , absorbed considerable punishment, particularly in the later rounds where Spinks' shone through. arose over 's conditioning and age, with critics noting his sluggish footwork and reliance on fouling tactics, though no fouls warranted disqualification. In a stunning upset, Spinks captured the titles via after 15 rounds. The judges' scorecards read 145-140 and 144-141 for Spinks by Lou Tabat and Harold Buck, respectively, while Art Lurie scored it 143-142 for ; the had it 143-142 for as well. At 24 years old, Spinks became the youngest heavyweight champion since in and the least experienced titleholder in history, having turned just 14 months prior. The victory drew over 70 million viewers worldwide and was hailed as one of boxing's greatest shocks. In the immediate aftermath, Spinks vacated the WBC title on March 18, 1978, opting for a lucrative rematch with rather than facing the organization's mandatory challenger, , which prompted the to recognize Norton as champion and initiated an era of split heavyweight titles between the WBA and . Spinks retained the WBA and Ring magazine belts, cementing his improbable rise to the pinnacle of the .

Rematch with Ali and title defenses

Following his upset victory over on February 15, 1978, Leon Spinks' brief tenure as heavyweight champion was marked by controversy and rapid conclusion. In March 1978, the (WBC) stripped Spinks of its portion of the undisputed title for failing to honor a mandatory defense against top-ranked contender , opting instead for a high-profile rematch with sanctioned only by the (WBA). This decision stemmed from promotional agreements prioritizing financial gain, leading to threats of multimillion-dollar lawsuits against the by Spinks' camp. The rematch occurred on September 15, 1978, at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, drawing a record indoor crowd of 72,000 and generating over $4.8 million in gate receipts. , at 36 years old, dominated the 15-round bout with superior ring generalship, outlanding Spinks in punches and securing a victory with scores of 10-4, 11-4, and 10-4. This triumph made the first boxer to win the title three times, while ending Spinks' reign after just 212 days—the shortest in history. Spinks made no successful title defenses during his championship period, as the rematch served as his sole outing as a titleholder. In the immediate aftermath, Spinks, still viewed as a top contender in the WBA rankings, faced setbacks from ongoing financial disputes with promoters, including a investigation into the rematch purse distribution among eight involved parties. These conflicts, involving entities like Inc., limited his access to mandatory defense opportunities and exacerbated his career instability. Ali's reclamation of the WBA title further fragmented the heavyweight division, prompting subsequent unification efforts that saw eventually consolidate the belts by defeating (WBC champion) in June 1978 and later unifying with IBF recognition in 1983.

Decline and cruiserweight transition

Following his unanimous decision loss to in their September 1978 rematch, which cost him the undisputed heavyweight title, Leon Spinks struggled to regain his footing in the division. Spinks' next significant opportunity came in June 1981, when he challenged for the WBC heavyweight championship at the in . Holmes, undefeated at 37-0, dominated the fight with his jab and power, stopping Spinks via third-round technical knockout at 2:34 after a series of punishing rights left Spinks unable to continue. Spinks' record became increasingly inconsistent over the next few years, marked by inactivity, losses to contenders, and sporadic wins against . In 1983, he was defeated by after the sixth round (scheduled 10 rounds) by champion at Harrah's Marina Hotel Casino in Atlantic City, a fight that highlighted Spinks' defensive vulnerabilities against aggressive fighters. After a year off in 1984, Spinks returned in 1985 with four victories, including a fourth-round of Lupe Guerra at Cobo Arena in , a second-round of Rick Kellar at Blaisdell Center Arena in , and decisions over Tom Fischer at Cobo Arena in and Tommy Thomas at Sonoma County Fairgrounds in Santa Rosa, though these bouts were against limited opposition and did little to elevate his standing. A fifth win that year came via eighth-round stoppage of Kip Kane at the Felt Forum in , extending his streak but underscoring a pattern of facing non-contenders amid broader career stagnation. Seeking a fresh start, Spinks dropped to the newly recognized division in 1986, weighing in at 190 pounds for his debut against defending WBA champion at Lawlor Events Center in . Qawi, a relentless swarmer at 5-foot-7, overwhelmed Spinks with body work and clinches, securing a sixth-round technical knockout at 2:56 after referee halted the one-sided affair due to Spinks' inability to defend himself effectively. Spinks returned to for sporadic bouts later in the decade, compiling a 1-7-1 record from to against modest competition, but mounting losses, physical toll from years of ring wars, and financial pressures led to prolonged inactivity and thoughts of by the late 1980s, though he would fight intermittently until 1995.

Professional wrestling career

Entry into wrestling

Following his declining career in the mid-1980s, marked by losses and financial difficulties, Leon Spinks began exploring opportunities in to supplement his income and capitalize on his fame as a former champion. By early , Spinks was reportedly broke, with only $5 in his pocket despite prior earnings of $4.5 million from high-profile bouts like those against , and he faced mounting debts including $400,000 in back taxes and multiple lawsuits. This desperation motivated him to consider a crossover into wrestling, including discussions with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) as a potential avenue for steady pay while supporting his family. Spinks made his professional wrestling debut on October 9, 1986, in (NJPW), facing Japanese legend in a highly publicized boxer-versus-wrestler match at the Inoki Toukon Live event. The bout, which Inoki won by pinfall after a series of kicks and holds that highlighted Spinks' inexperience in , drew massive viewership with a 28.9 television rating in , underscoring the crossover appeal of Spinks' and world championship pedigree. Although Spinks was still active in at the time—having fought just months earlier—this wrestling appearance represented an initial foray into the entertainment-oriented spectacle of pro wrestling, akin to the showmanship he had experienced in the ring. His early involvement remained sporadic, with a notable U.S. appearance in 1990 stemming from an angle involving Jerry "The King" Lawler and in the United States Wrestling Association (USWA). After serving as special referee in several Lawler-Snowman matches, Spinks faced Lawler in a boxing match on June 25, 1990, at the in , where Lawler defeated him by disqualification. These initial outings focused on adapting his striking skills to wrestling's theatrical format, though Spinks did not undergo formal training under specific wrestlers and instead relied on his athletic foundation.

Key matches and championships

Spinks entered in 1986, leveraging his boxing fame to participate in high-profile crossover bouts that blended and wrestling styles. Spinks' most prominent wrestling run occurred in Japan's (FMW) promotion during the early 1990s, where he engaged in intense, hardcore-style bouts against wrestlers like The Great Wojo, including matches in April 1989 in , and May 1993 in . In FMW, he also participated in multi-man events, such as an August 22, 1993, show featuring and . Spinks achieved his sole wrestling championship on March 25, 1992, defeating Tarzan Goto at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo to win the FMW Brass Knuckles Heavyweight Championship, a title emblematic of the promotion's brutal, no-holds-barred ethos. He held the belt for 60 days before losing it to FMW founder Atsushi Onita on May 24, 1992, in another house show in Tokyo. These defenses highlighted Spinks' transition to wrestling's extreme environment, where his boxing pedigree added authenticity to his "Neon Leon" persona. Over his sporadic wrestling career spanning 1986 to 1993, Spinks competed in more than 30 matches, primarily in FMW, securing a handful of victories amid a record marked by the challenges of adapting to the ring's scripted athleticism. He retired from wrestling around 1993, shortly before concluding his career in 1995.

Post-boxing life

Employment and financial struggles

Spinks retired from in 1995 following an eighth-round loss to Fred Houpe on December 3 in , ending his career with a record of 26 wins, 17 losses, and three draws. Despite earning at least $5 million during his career—equivalent to significantly more when adjusted for —Spinks faced severe financial difficulties due to poor management and lavish spending in the years following his 1978 upset victory over . In 1986, he filed for protection amid debts totaling approximately $301,000 to creditors, with a court ordering the liquidation of his remaining assets, including a $500 as his only notable possession from prior earnings of about $4.5 million. After retiring, Spinks struggled to maintain financial stability, taking on various low-paying jobs to make ends meet, including working as a greeter at a Chicago restaurant owned by former NFL coach Mike Ditka in the late 1980s and assisting in the establishment of a gym in Detroit during the early 1990s. By 2005, he was living in Columbus, Nebraska, and employed part-time as a janitor at a local YMCA, where he cleaned locker rooms, as well as at a McDonald's restaurant, reflecting the ongoing impact of his limited fight purses and earlier financial losses. He also performed odd jobs in California and other locations to supplement his income during this period. In his later years, Spinks sought greater stability by relocating to Henderson, Nevada, in 2011 with his wife, Brenda, where they resided in a home in the Sun City Anthem community south of Las Vegas. To generate additional revenue, he participated in occasional private autograph signings and public appearances under contract with memorabilia companies, often on weekends, leveraging his legacy as a former heavyweight champion.

Health challenges and death

In 2012, Leon Spinks was diagnosed with , a form of brain shrinkage resulting from repeated head trauma sustained during his career, which contributed to slurred speech that had been evident since his active fighting days and symptoms of . This condition progressively impacted his mobility, eventually requiring the use of a in his later years. Spinks received a of advanced in June 2019, which later spread to his and bones. He underwent and starting shortly after , including three rounds of . Spinks' health continued to decline through 2020 and into 2021, marked by numerous hospitalizations, including a significant admission in December 2019 for cancer-related complications and his final stay leading up to his death. During this period, he required a for and relied on care provided by his wife, Glur Spinks. His financial difficulties from earlier in life further complicated access to consistent medical support. Spinks died on February 5, 2021, at age 67 in a hospital in , after a prolonged battle with and related illnesses. His passing prompted widespread tributes from the community, including statements from organizations like the highlighting his enduring spirit as a champion.

Personal life

Family background and relationships

Leon Spinks was born into a large family in , , where he grew up alongside several siblings, including his younger brother , who would follow a parallel path in as an Olympic gold medalist and multi-division world champion. The brothers' shared upbringing in the city's challenging neighborhoods fostered a close bond that extended into their professional lives, with both achieving titles and making history as the first siblings to win Olympic gold in at the 1976 Montreal Games. Spinks entered into three marriages over his lifetime. His first marriage was to Nova Spinks in 1974, which lasted until around 1982 and coincided with the early years of his career. He later married Betty Spinks in 1988, a union that ended in divorce in 2004 after 16 years. In 2011, Spinks wed Brenda Glur in a small ceremony in , and she remained his devoted partner until his death in 2021, often accompanying him to events and providing companionship in his later years. Spinks fathered three sons from a longtime relationship with Zadie Mae Calvin, with whom he grew up in : Cory Spinks, Leon Calvin Spinks, and Darrell Spinks. All three pursued professional boxing careers, continuing the family's athletic legacy. , in particular, achieved significant success as a four-time world champion, capturing the undisputed title in 2003 and the IBF junior middleweight title twice. Leon Calvin Spinks turned professional as a with an early 2-0 record, while Darrell Spinks also entered the ring as a . In his later years, Spinks' family played a crucial supportive role, particularly during his health struggles. His wife was constantly by his side, offering emotional and practical care as he battled illness in . Son remained closely involved, honoring his father's legacy through his own achievements and public tributes to the family's tradition. The Spinks brothers' enduring relationship also highlighted familial ties, as occasionally reflected on their shared accomplishments in interviews, underscoring the mutual respect that defined their bond.

Losses and tragedies

One of the most devastating events in Leon Spinks' life was the murder of his son, Leon Calvin Spinks, on July 22, 1990, in , . The 19-year-old aspiring , who had compiled an undefeated 2-0 professional record, was shot multiple times while sitting in a car on the spanning the , shortly after visiting his girlfriend; authorities described the incident as a robbery gone wrong, with no arrests made at the time. Leon Calvin's death compounded longstanding family struggles exacerbated by Spinks' frequent absences due to his career and travels, which had led to estrangement from his during much of his upbringing. Despite these challenges, the two had begun reconciling, with Spinks attending his son's most recent professional victory and promising to support his upcoming bout scheduled for the following Monday. Spinks, who fathered several children including sons and , faced ongoing difficulties in maintaining close family ties amid the demands of his profession, contributing to emotional strain within the household. The loss of Leon Calvin represented a profound tragedy that underscored the personal costs of his athletic pursuits.

Legacy and honors

Impact on boxing

Leon Spinks' victory over on February 15, 1978, stands as one of 's most iconic upsets, marking the shortest reign in history at just seven months while embodying the ultimate narrative and revealing the vulnerabilities of a fading legend in Ali's twilight years. As the only fighter to defeat in a sanctioned bout, Spinks' split-decision win after only eight professional fights underscored the sport's unpredictability and shifted perceptions of dominance away from Ali's invincibility. Spinks' rapid ascension and subsequent loss to in their September 1978 rematch contributed to the instability of the heavyweight division in the late 1970s, accelerating the era of fractured titles as multiple sanctioning bodies vied for control amid a post- power . His brief undisputed highlighted how quick title turnovers could fragment the division, paving the way for rival claimants like and setting the stage for the splintered landscape of the 1980s. Rooted in his amateur background, Spinks employed an aggressive, swarming pressure style characterized by relentless forward movement and high-volume punching, which overwhelmed opponents through sheer activity rather than precision. This brawling approach, honed during his gold-medal run, influenced later by demonstrating how amateur tenacity could translate to professional success, notably echoing in Tyson's peek-a-boo pressure tactics that emphasized constant aggression. Culturally, Spinks symbolized the in , rising from a impoverished upbringing and U.S. Marine service to glory and in under two professional years, though his career peak proved fleeting amid personal challenges. His story of triumph over adversity resonated as a tale of rags-to-riches potential in the sport, briefly elevating narratives and inspiring aspirations among working-class fighters despite his later struggles. This legacy extended through his family, with brother and son also achieving prominence as medalists and champions.

Awards and recognitions

Spinks' most prominent amateur accolade was his in the light heavyweight division at the in , where he defeated Sixto Soria of in the final by knockout in the third round. This victory marked him as part of the successful U.S. team and highlighted his rapid rise from Marine Corps competitions to international prominence. In his professional career, Spinks received recognition from The Ring magazine, which named his February 1978 upset victory over Muhammad Ali as Fight of the Year. He also appeared in The Ring's annual heavyweight rankings during the late 1970s and early 1980s, often placing in the top 10 contenders, reflecting his status as a notable challenger in the division. Spinks was inducted into several halls of fame for his contributions to boxing. In 1999, he entered the Missouri Sports Hall of Fame, honoring his St. Louis roots and Olympic success. He joined the New Jersey Boxing Hall of Fame in 2002. In 2017, Spinks was inducted into the Nevada Boxing Hall of Fame alongside his brother Michael, celebrating their shared achievements as the only siblings to win Olympic gold medals and heavyweight world titles. This induction underscored the lasting impact of their 1976 Olympic triumphs and professional legacies. In 2023, Leon was posthumously inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame along with his brother Michael, recognizing their influence on the city's boxing heritage. Following his death on February 5, 2021, Spinks received widespread tributes from the community, often centered on his historic defeat of , which many viewed as a pivotal moment in heavyweight history. The (WBC) president stated, "The WBC mourns the passing of Leon Spinks, who won the in 1976 and the world heavyweight title against . Neon Leon will be remembered as one of the great champions of history." Similarly, the (IBF) president Daryl Peoples expressed, "We are saddened by the passing of Leon Spinks. He was a great champion and a great man." , a former heavyweight champion, paid homage, saying, "Leon was a champion in the ring and in life. His upset victory over will always be remembered. Rest in peace, champ." Spinks' bouts with were later featured in documentaries such as Facing Ali (2009), where he shared insights as one of Ali's opponents.

Professional record and titles

Boxing record summary

Leon Spinks competed professionally from to , amassing a record of 46 fights with 26 wins (14 by ), 17 losses, and 3 draws. Spinks started his career with 6 wins and 1 draw in his first seven bouts, three of which ended by , including stoppages against Pedro Agosto in the first round and Bruce Scott in the third. In championship contests, he achieved a 1-3 mark, most notably capturing the undisputed with a win over in his eighth professional fight before losing it in the rematch, and later dropping decisions to in a challenge and Carlos De Leon in a challenge. His early professional phase from 1977 to 1978 was marked by strong performance, yielding 7 wins against 1 loss and 1 draw, but his form declined sharply after amid a shift to the division, where he endured 16 losses and 2 draws across his later bouts, including 9 defeats in his final 20 fights overall.

Major titles won

Leon Spinks achieved his most prominent success in the division by defeating via on February 15, 1978, capturing the WBA title in only his eighth professional bout. This victory also earned him recognition as the lineal champion according to The Ring magazine's lineage. Although the win initially made him the undisputed champion holding both WBA and belts, the WBC stripped Spinks of their title shortly thereafter for opting to rematch instead of facing mandatory challenger , resulting in a brief and informally debated undisputed reign. Spinks held the WBA from to 1978, defending it once in the rematch against on September 15, 1978, where he was defeated by unanimous decision, thus losing the belt and ending his world championship tenure. He did not capture any other major world titles during his career. In addition to his world title, Spinks won regional honors, including the NABF cruiserweight title in 1982 after defeating Burnett by unanimous decision on October 31. He also won the WBC Continental Americas twice, in 1985 and 1994.

References

  1. [1]
    Boxer Leon Spinks, Who Toppled Muhammad Ali, Dies At 67 - NPR
    Feb 7, 2021 · Spinks married three times, and was the father to three sons, all of whom became boxers. One son, Cory, would become a welterweight champion.Missing: key | Show results with:key
  2. [2]
    Leon Spinks (1953-2021) - BlackPast.org
    Mar 28, 2021 · Leon Spinks was a professional boxer best known for defeating Muhammad Ali for the Undisputed Heavyweight Championship in 1978.Missing: facts | Show results with:facts
  3. [3]
    Leon Spinks - Missouri Sports Hall of Fame
    As an amateur, Spinks won 178 of his 185 bouts, including 133 knockouts. In 1974, Spinks competed in the World Games held in Cuba and won a bronze medal.Missing: key | Show results with:key<|control11|><|separator|>
  4. [4]
    Leonard, Jr. SPINKS - Olympics.com
    Spinks' reign as heavyweight champion was the shortest in history – 212 days. Leon Spinks was small for a heavyweight. In the late 70s a new class was formed ...
  5. [5]
    Leon Spinks, Boxer Who Took Ali's Crown and Lost It, Dies at 67
    Mar 31, 2021 · Leon Spinks Jr. was born on July 11, 1953, in St. Louis, the oldest child of Leon and Kay Spinks, who separated when he was a child.
  6. [6]
    Leon Spinks was a fighter until the end - Andscape
    Feb 11, 2021 · Spinks and his six younger siblings were raised by his single mother Kay. He was an anemic child who was bullied and grew up in the infamous ...
  7. [7]
    SPINKS LEARNS VALUE OF HIS WORK - The New York Times
    Apr 14, 1986 · But Spinks, who grew up in the hard and violent setting of the Pruitt-Igoe housing project in St. Louis and was raised on the family's ...
  8. [8]
    Sport: Leon Spinks Becomes a Somebody - Time Magazine
    Feb 27, 1978 · The eldest of seven children raised in a crumbling St. Louis housing project, Spinks took his first fight lessons from local street toughs, who ...Missing: Carrie poverty
  9. [9]
    Leon Spinks, former world heavyweight champion who upset Ali ...
    Feb 7, 2021 · Spinks was born on 11 July 1953, in St Louis, raised in poverty along with his brother Michael. After discovering boxing both brothers became ...Missing: siblings | Show results with:siblings
  10. [10]
    Celebrating the Life of a Wonderful Husband, Father, Grandfather ...
    Apr 30, 2021 · Celebrating the Life of a Wonderful Husband, Father, Grandfather, Brother and Friend Leon Spinks, Junior. 1976 Olympic Gold Medalist and former ...
  11. [11]
    Famous Veterans: Leon Spinks, the Man Who Dethroned ...
    Aug 18, 2020 · While in the Marines, Leon Spinks earned a bronze medal as a light heavyweight at the inaugural World Amateur Boxing Championships in Havana ...Missing: trainer | Show results with:trainer
  12. [12]
    [PDF] Leon Spinks
    Leon Spinks, the former Camp Lejeune arine who won the Olympic gold medal in ontreal, became the heavyweight boxing lampion of the world last Wednesday.
  13. [13]
    Leon Spinks - Medic in the Green Time
    He gained the reputation of being one of the best amateur boxers in the world, delivering 133 knockouts in three-years. Spinks was honorably discharged from the ...
  14. [14]
    LEON SPINKS - New Jersey Boxing Hall of Fame
    Nov 14, 2002 · Spinks served in the United States Marine Corps from 1973 to 1976. Life After Boxing. Spinks worked as a greeter at Mike Ditka's restaurant in ...Missing: enlistment Willie
  15. [15]
    Sports Heroes Who Served: Former Marine Dethroned Muhammad Ali
    Aug 18, 2020 · When Spinks stepped into the boxing ring at Camp Lejeune for the first time, Marine Corps assistant coach J.C. Davis, who became the first ...Missing: trainer | Show results with:trainer
  16. [16]
    Spinks highlights inaugural USMC Boxing Hall of Fame inductions
    Apr 16, 2016 · “He was a monster,” said Davis, who in 1967 became the first African-American USMC boxing coach. “They called him an animal. He was ferocious.”.Missing: trainer | Show results with:trainer
  17. [17]
    Leon Spinks Remembered - Boxing News
    Feb 9, 2021 · I may have unwittingly contributed to this negativity when I pasted the nickname “Neon Leon” on him due to his nocturnal attraction to sketchy ...
  18. [18]
    Leon Spinks, the Wild Bull who did not know the meaning of quit
    Feb 10, 2021 · The Wild Bull of Camp Lejeune had returned. That was just one of the nicknames. Neon Leon was another. The accidental champion. The greatest ...
  19. [19]
    Leon Spinks - BoxRec
    May 8, 2022 · Name: Leon Spinks ; Alias: Neon Leon ; Hometown: Saint Louis, Missouri, USA ; Birthplace: Saint Louis, Missouri, USA ; Died: 2021-02-05 (Age:67)Missing: siblings | Show results with:siblings
  20. [20]
    Leon Spinks - St Louis Sports Hall of Fame
    Feb 7, 2021 · By 1976, he was arguably the best amateur boxer in the world, winning all but seven of his fights and registering 133 knockouts over a three- ...
  21. [21]
    7.Panamerican Games - Ciudad Mexico, Mexico - October 14-25 1975
    1975-10-19, 81kg, Leon Spinks, USA, Terrence Bristol, GUY, KO 2. 1975-10-19, +81kg, Michael Dokes, USA, Carlos Rivera, VEN, PTS. 1975-10-19, +81kg, Jair de ...<|control11|><|separator|>
  22. [22]
    2 Brothers Win Finals In Boxing - The New York Times
    Jun 6, 1976 · Leon Spinks, a 22‐year‐old Marine champion, struggled to a narrow victory over John Davis of Hempstead, L. I., in the 178‐pound class. Mike, 19, ...
  23. [23]
    Olympic Trials 1976 - Amateur Boxing Results
    US Olympic Trials - Cincinnati - June 2-5 1976. Quarter-Finals. 1976-06-02 ... Leon Spinks, Charles Smith, RSC 2. 1976-06-04, 81kg, John Davis, Rick Jester, PTS.
  24. [24]
    Remembering Leon Spinks | USA Boxing
    Feb 22, 2021 · After dropping out of high school and joining the Marines, Spinks became a prolific amateur fighter, rising to prominence with his powerful, ...
  25. [25]
    1976 U.S. Olympic boxing team to reunite for 40th anniversary - ESPN
    Apr 21, 2016 · The famed 1976 US Olympic boxing team, which won seven medals, including five golds, will reunite for a 40th anniversary celebration.
  26. [26]
  27. [27]
    LEON SPINKS IN SEARCH OF HIMSELF AND TITLE
    Jun 8, 1981 · On Friday night, he goes for sport's most prestigious individual title for the second time in only his 15th professional fight.Missing: Arifa | Show results with:Arifa
  28. [28]
    Leon Spinks - BoxRec
    Leon Spinks ; status, inactive ; bouts, 46 ; rounds, 323 ; KOs, 53.85% ; career, 1977-1995.Missing: amateur | Show results with:amateur
  29. [29]
    Scott LeDoux: The Fighting Frenchman and his shot at the title
    ... LeDoux's weakness. In 1977 he fought Olympic gold medalist Leon Spinks to a hotly disputed draw. Spinks would go on to upset Muhammad Ali and a LeDoux fan ...
  30. [30]
    Remembering Leon Spinks - Boxing Social
    Feb 8, 2021 · Bob Arum lamented that Spinks “wasn't mature enough to accept the ... The CBS TV network signed the Spinks brothers to professional contracts.
  31. [31]
    Muhammad Ali vs. Leon Spinks (1st meeting) - BoxRec
    Jun 22, 2025 · Muhammad Ali vs. Leon Spinks (1st meeting) ; WBA, NR, ~31.05.1977, by 09.06.1977.Notes · Negotiations with Zanon... · Ranking Movements · Fight Details
  32. [32]
    Ruiz Jr. stuns Joshua in 7th for heavyweight titles - ESPN
    Jun 1, 2019 · Michael Spinks defeated Larry Holmes as a 6-1 underdog 1978. Leon Spinks defeated Muhammad Ali as a 10-1 underdog. "As soon as Andy dropped ...Missing: location | Show results with:location
  33. [33]
    All Couldn't Con Two Judges - The New York Times
    Feb 17, 1978 · On my scorecard, Leon Spinks had eight rounds and Ali six with one even. But one judge, Art Lurie, had been conned by Ali, eight rounds to ...
  34. [34]
    The Greatest Is Gone - Time Magazine
    Feb 27, 1978 · “Judge Art Lurie: 143-142, Ali. Judge Lou Tabat: 145-140, Spinks. Judge Harold Buck: 144-141.” A pause, a breath in that utter stillness and ...Missing: scores | Show results with:scores
  35. [35]
    Today in sports history: Leon Spinks stuns Muhammad Ali for world ...
    Feb 15, 2015 · Judge Lou Tabat scored it 145-140 for Spinks, while Harold Buck had it 144-141. Art Lurie scored it 143-142 for Ali. Once the final scoring ...
  36. [36]
    Spinks Stripped of Crown; W.B.C. Recognizes Norton
    Mar 19, 1978 · Sulaiman said the action was taken because Spinks dealt in bad faith with the W.B.C. in connection with negotiations for a title defense against ...
  37. [37]
    Spinks May Counter In Court if W.B.C. Acts - The New York Times
    Mar 17, 1978 · Top Rank Inc's Bob Arum says Leon Spinks is preparing multi-million suit against World Boxing Council if they withdraw title recognition of ...
  38. [38]
    Muhammad Ali wins world heavyweight championship - History.com
    On February 15, 1978, in Las Vegas, an aging Ali lost the title to Leon Spinks in a 15-round split decision. For Spinks, who was born in 1953 and won a gold ...
  39. [39]
    ESPN Classic - Ali becomes first three-time heavyweight champ
    Muhammad Ali avenges his February loss to Leon Spinks by winning a unanimous 15-round decision in New Orleans to become the first three-time heavyweight ...
  40. [40]
    Ali Fight Pay Split Probed - The Washington Post
    Sep 22, 1978 · Ali Fight Pay Split Probed. Grand Jury Subpoenas 8 Promoters of Ali-Spinks Fight Under Subpoena on Pay Split. September 22, 1978More than 47 ...
  41. [41]
    `They're Trying to Steal Leon' - The New York Times
    Feb 28, 1978 · As a Teamsters official in the St. Louis area, Millard (Mitt) Barnes specializes in grievance cases. And now he has a grievance of his own.Missing: truancy troubles youth
  42. [42]
    Larry Holmes vs. Leon Spinks - BoxRec
    Larry Holmes 213 lbs beat Leon Spinks 200 lbs by TKO at 2:34 in round 3 of 15 · World Boxing Council Heavyweight Title (10th defense by Holmes) · Fight Poster 2, ...
  43. [43]
    Unbeaten Larry Holmes scored a third-round technical knockout of...
    Jun 12, 1981 · It was Holmes' 38th victory without a loss and his 28th knockout. Spinks, whose career may now be at an end, fell to 10-3-2. Holmes must now ...
  44. [44]
    Leon Spinks Stops Kane in Eighth for Fifth Victory in Row
    Dec 14, 1985 · Former heavyweight champion Leon Spinks unloaded a barrage of punches to stop Kevin (Kip) Kane at 1:37 of the eighth round Friday night to ...<|control11|><|separator|>
  45. [45]
    Qawi Pounds Leon Spinks, Retains Cruiserweight Title on TKO in ...
    Mar 23, 1986 · Dwight Muhammad Qawi stalked and taunted Leon Spinks, repeatedly tying him up against the ropes before stopping him in the sixth round to retain the World ...
  46. [46]
    Dark Days For Neon Leon - Sports Illustrated Vault | SI.com
    Mar 31, 1986 · Now Leon flashed that wonderful, toothless smile, the one that had prompted Muhammad Ali to call him The Vampire and was to become the emblem of ...Missing: origin | Show results with:origin
  47. [47]
  48. [48]
    POLLOCK'S NEWS UPDATE: Leon Spinks' pro wrestling history
    Feb 8, 2021 · The match between Inoki and Spinks took place on October 9, 1986, and drew a 28.9 rating. While still actively boxing, Spinks did an angle ...Missing: NWA | Show results with:NWA<|control11|><|separator|>
  49. [49]
  50. [50]
    FMW 1993 08 22 Terry Funk, Sheik, Leon Spinks - YouTube
    Jul 29, 2022 · FMW 1993 08 22 Terry Funk, Sheik, Leon Spinks. 1.9K views · 3 years ago ...more. sceduk. 4.71K. Subscribe. 27. Share.
  51. [51]
    FMW Brass Knuckles History
    Leon Spinks 3/25/92 Tokyo Korakuen Hall Atsushi Onita 5/24/92 Tokyo Ariake Coliseum ... *FMW Brass Knuckles Heavyweight Championship is retired on 8/25/99.
  52. [52]
    FMW Double Championship « Titles Database « - Cagematch
    FMW Brass Knuckles Heavyweight Championship (22.08.1993 - 11.12.1996) WWA ... Leon Spinks 25.03.1992 - 24.05.1992 (60 days) Matches Tokyo, Japan. #6
  53. [53]
    Leon Spinks « Wrestlers Database « - Cagematch
    Leon Spinks ; Roles: Singles Wrestler (1991 - 1993) Tag Team Wrestler (1991 - 1993) ; Beginning of in-ring career: 09.10.1986 ; End of in-ring career: 01.09.1993.
  54. [54]
    Leon Spinks Net Worth
    Spinks joined New Japan Pro-Wrestling in 1986 in an MMA fight against Japanese legend Antonio Inoki. He ended up losing to Inoki by submission. Spinks's next ...
  55. [55]
    SPORTS PEOPLE; Plight of Leon Spinks - The New York Times
    Apr 26, 1986 · Spinks, 32 years old, filed in March for protection from creditors to whom he owes about $301,000. Kelly Potok, the presiding officer at the ...
  56. [56]
    A bankruptcy court ordered liquidation of the... - Los Angeles Times
    Apr 26, 1986 · A bankruptcy court ordered liquidation of the assets of boxer Leon Spinks after he said all he has left from the $4.5 million he made in the ring is a $500 ...
  57. [57]
    Leon Spinks is down, not out - SFGATE
    Dec 25, 2005 · He was a greeter at Mike Ditka's restaurant in Chicago. He says he helped start a gym in Detroit and did odd jobs in California. Advertisement.
  58. [58]
    Leon Spinks, boxing's former heavyweight champion, dead at 67
    Feb 6, 2021 · In 2005 Spinks was living in Columbus, Nebraska, working as a janitor at a YMCA and at a McDonald's. In his 50s he began showing signs that the ...
  59. [59]
    After the spotlight faded, Spinks found compassion in Las Vegas
    Feb 14, 2021 · From the depths of the behemoth Pruitt-Igoe housing project of North St. Louis, he poured his energy and anger into boxing workouts at a local ...
  60. [60]
    Health care: Former heavyweight champ Leon Spinks fights for his life
    Mar 16, 2020 · Brenda, his third wife after they married in 2011, said Spinks has held private autograph sessions -- one scheduled for next month -- that the ...Missing: signings | Show results with:signings
  61. [61]
    Boxer Leon Spinks hospitalized - ESPN
    Oct 13, 2014 · Spinks, who has slurred his words since his active boxing days, was diagnosed in 2012 with shrinkage in his brain, which doctors said was ...Missing: atrophy | Show results with:atrophy
  62. [62]
    Fighting Back - Nebraska Alumni Association
    He already had been suffering from dementia when he was diagnosed with prostate cancer in June 2019. The disease spread to his bladder and bones, and his ...
  63. [63]
    Ex-Boxing Champ Leon Spinks Diagnosed with Prostate Cancer
    Mar 18, 2020 · Former heavyweight boxing champion Leon Spinks, diagnosed with prostate cancer in June, has undergone three rounds of chemotherapy that failed to prevent the ...Missing: radiation | Show results with:radiation
  64. [64]
    Leon Spinks seriously ill in Las Vegas hospital - ESPN
    Dec 12, 2019 · Former heavyweight world champion Leon Spinks is seriously ill with an undisclosed ailment and is hospitalized in Las Vegas.Missing: 2020-2021 | Show results with:2020-2021
  65. [65]
    Help Brenda Spinks with her finances - GoFundMe
    Feb 7, 2021 · Brenda has just lost the love of her life Leon Spinks. Leon lost his battle with cancer after five years and numerous hospital stays.
  66. [66]
    Former heavyweight champion Leon Spinks dies at 67 after lengthy ...
    Feb 6, 2021 · A resident of Las Vegas, Spinks revealed in 2019 that he was diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer. Three years after Spinks lost to Ali, he ...
  67. [67]
    Leon Spinks obituary | Boxing | The Guardian
    Feb 7, 2021 · It ain't what you know, but who you know.” Born in St Louis, Illinois, Spinks was one of eight children brought up by his mother, Kay, in the ...Missing: siblings | Show results with:siblings
  68. [68]
    Leon Spinks, 67-Years-Old, Passes Away After Long Battle With ...
    Feb 6, 2021 · He married his long-time companion Brenda Glur Spinks in Las Vegas, on October 9, 2011, in a small ceremony, witnessed by Tony Orlando and close ...
  69. [69]
    LEON SPINKS LOOKING FOR BIG COMEBACK IN LIFE - Sun Sentinel
    Mar 7, 1997 · Leon Spinks had three sons with Zadie Mae Calvin, whom he never married. Leon, Darryl and Corey Calvin followed their father into the ring.Missing: Cory | Show results with:Cory
  70. [70]
  71. [71]
    Michael Spinks talks about brothers' legendary boxing careers
    Jul 10, 2023 · What a career! Leon and Michael Spinks were the first brothers to win gold medals at the Olympics and the first brothers to become ...Missing: sons | Show results with:sons
  72. [72]
    Son of Leon Spinks shot to death - UPI Archives
    Jul 23, 1990 · Leon Calvin, 19, of St. Louis was shot to death early Sunday as he sat in a car on a bridge spanning the Mississippi River, investigators said.Missing: truancy legal troubles youth
  73. [73]
    Leon Spinks' Son Dies in Shooting - Los Angeles Times
    Jul 23, 1990 · Leon Calvin, 19, a light-heavyweight boxer who had turned pro in June and had a 2-0 record, was found dead at 5:30 am Sunday in his girlfriend's car.
  74. [74]
    Leon Spinks's Son Is Fatally Shot - The New York Times
    Jul 23, 1990 · The son of the former heavyweight boxing champion Leon Spinks was shot to death as he was driving home early this morning after visiting his ...
  75. [75]
    SON OF LEON SPINKS SHOT TO DEATH - Deseret News
    Jul 23, 1990 · The son of former heavyweight boxing champion Leon Spinks was shot to death early Sunday as he sat in a car on a bridge spanning the ...
  76. [76]
    LEON SPINKS` SON SHOT TO DEATH - Chicago Tribune
    Jul 23, 1990 · The son of former heavyweight boxing champion Leon Spinks was shot to death as he was driving home early Sunday morning after visiting his ...
  77. [77]
    The day Muhammad Ali beat Leon Spinks in a 15-round rematch for ...
    Sep 12, 2018 · On Feb. 15, 1978, seven months before their fight at the Superdome, Ali and Spinks went head-to-head for the undisputed heavyweight championship ...
  78. [78]
    On Leon Spinks - Boxing Mourns The Man Who Defeated A Legend
    Feb 12, 2021 · The death of Leon Spinks caused many boxing fans to reflect on his career and life and to remember anew his amazing win over Muhammad Ali.
  79. [79]
    Leon Spinks, ex-champ who upset Ali, dies at 67 - ESPN
    Feb 6, 2021 · Spinks, who battled in wrestling and mixed martial arts later in his career, dealt with financial and medical problems later in life. "I was ...Missing: disputes | Show results with:disputes
  80. [80]
    Leon Spinks Defeats Ali: February 15, 1978 - Missouri Life
    In a monumental upset in 1978, Leon Spinks faced the legendary Muhammad Ali for the World Heavyweight Championship. To the astonishment of many, Spinks ...
  81. [81]
    Lineal Heavyweight World Champions
    Oct 12, 2021 · ... fight professional novice (1976 Olympic light heavyweight gold medallist), Leon Spinks. ... After two easy KO wins over Jesse Ferguson and ...
  82. [82]
    CONTENTS: PAGE 6 - The New York Times
    Jan 29, 1978 · Spinks had a history of intransigence, with roots that went back to his past: boyhood in St. Louis as a frail child suffering from low blood ...Missing: Projects | Show results with:Projects
  83. [83]
    Leon Spinks | Biography, Brother, Muhammad Ali, & Record
    Oct 27, 2025 · Pro Record. Fights: 46. Wins: 26. Wins by KO: 14. Losses: 17. Draws: 3. Spinks, a light heavyweight, had a successful amateur boxing career.<|control11|><|separator|>
  84. [84]
    Olympic Boxing Champ Leon Spinks, Who Later Upset Muhammad ...
    Feb 8, 2021 · Leon Spinks, a 1976 Olympic gold medalist in boxing who shocked the world when he upset Muhammad Ali a year and a half later, died Friday in Henderson, Nevada.Missing: recognitions | Show results with:recognitions
  85. [85]
    Thomas Hearns, Leon Spinks headline Nevada Boxing Hall of Fame ...
    Feb 16, 2017 · ... Leon Spinks pose for a picture during a news conference where he was inducted into the 2017 Nevada Boxing Hall of Fame on Wednesday, Feb. 15 ...
  86. [86]
    Boxing champs Michael and Leon Spinks inducted into St. Louis ...
    Jun 26, 2023 · The sweet science of boxing was celebrated Monday as the St. Louis Walk of Fame inducted Michael and Leon Spinks, locals who were both heavyweight titleholders.
  87. [87]
    Record-breaking heavyweight champion Leon Spinks, 67, passes ...
    Feb 7, 2021 · LEON SPINKS TRIBUTES ... “Rest In Peace, Leon Spinks. Condolences to the Spinks family.” – respected trainer Freddie Roach. “RIP, Champ. Legend of ...Missing: death organizations<|separator|>
  88. [88]
    Boxers and colleagues react to the death of former champion Leon ...
    Feb 6, 2021 · The boxing world reacts to the death of former undisputed heavyweight champion Leon Spinks at age 67 after a long battle with cancer.Missing: tributes organizations
  89. [89]
    Facing Ali (2009) - IMDb
    Rating 7.9/10 (3,854) The documentary looks at Ali through the eyes of 10 men who fought him, some of whom beat him: George Chuvalo, Henry Cooper, George Foreman, Joe Frazier, Larry ...
  90. [90]
    The heavyweight lineal champions: Tyson Fury and the 37 others ...
    May 15, 2024 · Leon Spinks | 26-17-3, 14 KOs | 1978. A one-hit wonder in the pros ... Mike Tyson, left, dethroned Michael Spinks to become the heavyweight lineal ...<|control11|><|separator|>
  91. [91]
    'U.S. Title' Captured By Spinks - The Washington Post
    Oct 2, 1980 · LAS VEGAS, Oct. 2, 1980 -- Leon Spinks, former world heavyweight champion, stopped Bernardo Mercado at 2:52 of the ninth round for what was ...