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Low five

The low five is a celebratory hand gesture involving two individuals slapping the palms of their hands together at or around waist level, typically as a form of greeting, congratulations, or mutual support. This gesture, also known as "giving skin" or "slapping five," originated in African American communities and gained prominence during the Jazz Age of the 1920s as a response to phrases like "slap me some skin."^[1] It predates and is considered a precursor to the more widely recognized high five, which elevates the motion overhead and originated in the late 1970s.^[2] The low five remains a casual, inclusive expression in social and athletic contexts, emphasizing camaraderie without the exuberance of its elevated counterpart.^[3]

Overview

Definition

The low five is a hand gesture in which two participants slap their open palms together at approximately waist level.^[4] This action typically involves one person extending their open palm facing upward near hip or waist height, while the other person swings their open palm downward to strike it, creating a clean slapping sound.^[5] The palms are held flat with fingers extended to ensure proper contact, and the gesture occurs in a horizontal plane at a low elevation, distinguishing it from elevated or vertically oriented slaps.^[6] The low five is brief in duration, emphasizing the non-verbal physical interaction over prolonged contact. It is often initiated or acknowledged with verbal prompts such as "low five" or "slap me five," though the core of the gesture lies in the synchronized palm slap itself. As a precursor to the high five, the low five maintains a similar celebratory intent but at a grounded height.^[6]

Etymology

The primary modern term "low five" emerged in the late 20th century, with early documented usage in sports writing by 1981, as a direct contrast to the "high five," a celebratory gesture that gained widespread popularity in American sports starting in the 1970s.^[7]^[8] This naming convention highlighted the downward orientation of the palm slap at waist level, distinguishing it from the upward high five while retaining the numerical reference to the five fingers involved in the contact. Earlier iterations of the gesture appeared in African-American vernacular under terms like "giving skin" or "slapping skin," documented as early as the 1920s during the Jazz Age, where the phrase evoked the intimate physical contact symbolizing solidarity and shared rhythm in social interactions.^[3]^[2] The gesture was a fixture in African-American culture by World War II, with slang evolving to include "gimme five," often used in hipster and jazz subcultures to affirm camaraderie.^[6]^[7] The linguistic progression of these terms mirrors broader cultural shifts, from the symbolic emphasis on "skin" as a marker of racial and communal bonding in early 20th-century Black communities to more universalized expressions of enthusiasm by mid-century. Additional historical variants, such as "soul shake," a related stylized handshake, persisted into later decades (1960s-1970s) in informal greetings within sports and social settings.^[8]

History

Origins in African-American Culture

The low five gesture, known in African-American vernacular as "giving skin" or "slapping skin," emerged in the 1920s during the Jazz Age as a subtle expression of solidarity among Black communities navigating segregation and systemic oppression.^[2] This non-verbal cue allowed individuals to affirm mutual support and shared identity without attracting undue attention from authorities or outsiders, reflecting broader patterns of coded communication in marginalized groups.^[9] One of the earliest documented depictions appears in the 1927 film The Jazz Singer, where performer Al Jolson executes a low five in celebration of a Broadway audition success, drawing from contemporary African-American jazz culture.^[10] By the late 1920s and into the 1930s, the gesture had become embedded in Harlem Renaissance social circles, particularly among jazz musicians and performers who used it to foster unity in an era of racial exclusion. Cab Calloway, a prominent Harlem-based bandleader, referenced the phrase "gimme some skin" in his 1938 Hepster's Dictionary: Language of Jive, defining it as a form of handshake that captured the era's vibrant, insider slang.^[11] This documentation underscores its pre-World War II presence in African-American subcultures, where it served as an organic extension of oral traditions and communal rituals, predating its wider adoption beyond Black communities.^[9] The gesture's development lacked a singular inventor, instead evolving organically from longstanding hand-clasping customs in African-American social organizations, including Black churches and fraternities, which employed secret salutations to reinforce bonds amid persecution.^[9] These practices, influenced by West African greeting traditions adapted through the diaspora, emphasized tactile affirmation as a means of resilience and subtle resistance in segregated society.^[9]

Popularization in Media and Subcultures

The low five entered broader public awareness through early cinematic depictions in jazz and entertainment contexts during the late 1920s and 1940s. An early example appears in the 1927 film The Jazz Singer, where actor Al Jolson performs the gesture in celebration during a jazz-related scene, marking one of its first documented appearances on screen.^[10] The gesture continued to feature in subsequent films, such as the 1941 comedy In the Navy, where the Andrews Sisters perform the song "Gimme Some Skin, My Friend" and choreograph low fives as part of the routine, embedding it within popular musical entertainment.^[12] Similarly, the 1943 all-Black musical Stormy Weather highlights the low five's role in Black entertainment troupes. Linguistic documentation further facilitated the low five's crossover into mainstream slang. In Cab Calloway's 1938 Hepster's Dictionary, the phrase "gimme some skin" is defined as a request to shake hands or perform the palm-slapping gesture, reflecting its integration into jive talk and serving as an early printed reference that bridged Black vernacular with broader usage.^[13] This dictionary, distributed among jazz enthusiasts, contributed to the gesture's visibility in urban nightlife scenes. By the 1940s, the low five gained traction within the emerging hipster subculture, primarily through jazz musicians and early beatnik influences, as white audiences adopted elements of Black jazz slang and customs. This spread occurred via shared performance spaces and recordings, where the gesture became part of the performative lexicon in clubs and among "hep cats," transitioning it from insular communities to a marker of cool in mixed subcultural circles.^[14]

Performance and Technique

How to Perform a Low Five

The low five involves two people facing each other and slapping their open palms together at waist level.^[1]

Common Contexts

The low five is frequently employed in casual greetings and celebrations among friends, family, or teammates within informal social groups, serving as a relaxed form of physical affirmation.^[15]^[9] This gesture often accompanies moments of camaraderie or minor achievements, where participants extend palms at waist level for a mutual slap, fostering a sense of connection without high intensity. In children's play, schoolyards, and youth sports, the low five functions as a low-energy alternative to the high five, promoting social interaction and encouragement in playful or competitive environments.^[16] It is commonly observed during games or team activities, where it helps build rapport among young participants without requiring vigorous motion.^[17] For instance, in developmental assessments and interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder, the gesture is used to gauge joint attention and nonverbal communication skills.^[16] The low five also appears in relaxed professional settings, such as team huddles or following mild successes, where it conveys approval while avoiding the exuberance associated with more animated gestures.^[18] In sports contexts, it has historically been a staple for teammates to slap palms in celebration.^[6] Regionally, the low five is more prevalent in U.S. urban and Southern contexts, particularly within African American communities where it has roots as a traditional expressive gesture, and is less common in formal or international settings.^[6]^[9]

Specific Variations

One notable variation of the low five, known as "five on the black hand side," involves participants slapping the outer edges of their hands—the darker, non-palm side—rather than the palms themselves, adding a stylistic flair often associated with African American Vernacular English expressions of camaraderie. This adaptation emphasizes the hand's lateral surface for a more dynamic, edge-to-edge contact, typically performed at waist or knee height to maintain the gesture's low profile.^[19] Another modification is the "five on the sly," executed discreetly by extending the hand behind the back or to the side, allowing for a surprise palm slap that conveys secretive approval or shared understanding without drawing attention. This behind-the-back approach heightens the playful or covert element, making it suitable for informal group settings where subtlety enhances the interaction. Originating in African American communities during the mid-20th century, it builds on the standard low five's knee-level slap but incorporates evasion for added intrigue.^[20] Some low five practices incorporate elements from the traditional "soul shake," a multi-step ritual in Black cultural practices that includes an initial palm slap followed by handclasps and finger interlocks, extending the gesture into a more elaborate affirmation of connection. Such adaptations blend the low five's casualness with the soul shake's rhythmic sequence.^[21]^[8] The dap is a related complex handshake that evolved from low five and skin-slapping traditions, often involving sequential slaps, grips, and snaps, symbolizing solidarity and originating in African American communities during the 1960s and 1970s, particularly among Vietnam War soldiers.^[9]

Comparison to High Five

The low five differs fundamentally from the high five in its execution, with participants typically extending and slapping open palms at waist or knee level in an underhand motion, as opposed to the high five's overhead, overhand slap above the head. This lower positioning renders the low five more physically accessible and less demanding, allowing it to be performed in closer proximity without requiring participants to reach upward. In contrast, the high five's elevated trajectory demands greater extension and visibility, often amplifying its performative aspect.^[2] While the high five typically signifies high-energy celebration or triumph, such as in sports victories, the low five conveys a more casual affirmation or sense of solidarity, rooted in its origins as a subtle gesture of unity. The high five's exuberant nature fosters broad, public expressions of joy and team bonding, whereas the low five's subdued energy suits informal, grounded interactions that emphasize connection over spectacle.^[22] The low five served as a precursor to the high five, emerging in African-American culture during the 1920s as a common greeting known as "giving skin" or "slapping skin." The high five, by contrast, gained popularity in the 1970s through American sports, notably when Los Angeles Dodgers outfielder Glenn Burke and teammate Dusty Baker performed it on October 2, 1977, after a home run, effectively inverting the low five's downward motion into an upward celebration. This evolution marked a shift from the low five's niche, underground status to the high five's widespread adoption.^[23]^[6] Socially, the low five often carries an intimate or understated tone, persisting in select subcultures as a nod to its historical roots, while the high five embodies enthusiastic, public camaraderie that transcends contexts. The low five's exclusivity in early usage contributed to its ironic or playful revivals in modern niche settings, distinguishing it from the high five's universal, triumphant appeal.^[2]

Cultural Significance

The low five embodies symbolism of solidarity and mutual respect as a casual affirmation of unity, particularly within African American communities since its emergence in the 1920s Jazz Age.^[1] This gesture, akin to variations of the dap, signifies equality and shared identity, reinforcing bonds in social settings.^[24] In social settings, the low five builds rapport among group members by signaling mutual equality, fostering inclusive interactions that emphasize collective support. It often serves as subtle approval, acting as a form of encouragement that strengthens interpersonal ties.^[25] The low five exhibits neutral dynamics across genders compared to the high five, with studies in athletic environments showing females engaging in touching behaviors, such as hand slaps, more frequently than males, particularly after negative events to promote team cohesion.^[26] Among age groups, it is especially favored by children for non-competitive bonding, appearing in early developmental gestures that encourage social reciprocity and play.^[27] Psychologically, the tactile contact of the low five triggers oxytocin release—the "cuddle hormone"—which enhances trust, attachment, and emotional security, distinguishing it from verbal praise by offering immediate, embodied affirmation.^[28]^[29]

Usage in Modern Culture

In contemporary sports, particularly basketball, the low five persists as a subtle celebratory or supportive gesture, frequently observed during games for low-key acknowledgments such as assists or free-throw successes. NBA players like Kyle Lowry have incorporated it into pregame rituals, using a freestyle low-five sequence with teammates to build energy and unity before matches.^[30] Similarly, it appears as a quick encouragement among players after free throws, emphasizing team solidarity without the flashiness of a high five.^[31] In youth basketball leagues, the gesture reinforces positive reinforcement after plays, helping young athletes feel supported in competitive settings.^[32] Occasional NBA instances carry an ironic or playful tone, as seen when Stephen Curry delivered a notably low and dismissive low five to an opposing player in 2016, highlighting its potential for humorous subversion in high-stakes professional play.^[33] While less prominent than the high five in mainstream media, the low five endures in niche modern contexts, often as a nostalgic or understated alternative in team dynamics and informal celebrations, reflecting its roots in communal bonding. As of 2025, it continues to appear in casual social interactions and youth sports, promoting inclusivity.^[6]^[3]

References

[1]
Low five - Idioms by The Free Dictionary
1. noun An expression of greeting, support, or congratulation by slapping another person's hand with one's own at or around waist level.Missing: gesture | Show results with:gesture
[2]
[PDF] The history of hand gestures - British Council
It is very similar to a 1920s Jazz Age gesture known as the 'low five', or 'giving skin'. This gesture involved people slapping each other's lower hands, also ...
[3]
Diasporic Salutations and the West African Origins of the 'Dap' - AAIHS
Oct 14, 2019 · Slapping five is closely associated with handshake traditions. This can be traced to the bebop era in the 1940s. Slapping five has many spin- ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[4]
The Fascinating Origins Of Six Friendly Gestures - All That's Interesting
Nov 13, 2013 · The low five had long been used between black Americans and became popular during the Jazz Age as a response to “slap me some skin.” However, ...
[5]
Low-five Definition & Meaning - YourDictionary
A gesture of celebration or victory in which two people slap their hands together at waist level. Wiktionary. verb. To do the low five gesture to someone.
[6]
The Humble High Five - A22548747 - h2g2
The other participant then becomes the giver and slaps his palm down against that of the receiver. This original variant is often referred to as the 'low five ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[7]
The wild, mysterious history of sports' most enduring gesture - ESPN
May 22, 2020 · The origin story of the famous palm-slapping move, now known as the high five, is as mysterious as it is timeless.Missing: meaning - | Show results with:meaning -
[8]
Who Invented the High Five? | History, Misconceptions, & Facts
It is the essence of simplicity—a raised hand, traditionally the right, slapped palm to palm by another—and is often used to celebrate accomplishments or to ...Missing: meaning - | Show results with:meaning -
[9]
A Brief History of the High Five - Mental Floss
Apr 17, 2019 · The high five evolved from its sister-in-slappage, the low five. The gesture, also known as “slapping skin,” was made popular in the jazz age.<|separator|>
[10]
Whole Lot of Shakin' Goin' On - Sports Illustrated Vault | SI.com
Feb 16, 1981 · The secret handshake of the camp was exactly like the soul shake in ... While one hand gives the slap coming down, the other accepts a slap coming ...
[11]
[PDF] Cab Calloway's Hepster's Dictionary: Language of Jive
GIMME SOME SKIN (v.): shake hands. GLIMS (n.): the eyes. GOT YOUR BOOTS ON: you know what it is all about, you are a hep cat, you are wise. GOT YOUR GLASSES ...
[12]
The lowdown on the high-five - Star Tribune
a gesture executed the same as a high-five except the participants slapped hands at knee level — surfaced among African ...
[13]
Owl Meat's Tipsy Tuesdays: High Five Day – Baltimore Sun
Movies ... The low five or down low was an optional sequel. ... There is a mind-blowing version of “slap me five” in the Abbott and Costello movie “In the Navy” ( ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[14]
[PDF] The-Hepster's-Dictionary.pdf - Dance Safari -
• Gimme some skin (v.): shake hands. • Glims (n.): the eyes. Page 4. • Got your boots on: you know what it is all about, you are a hep cat, you are wise ...
[15]
Popular Culture Doesn't Adapt Black Culture, It Exploits It | UC Irvine
Mar 19, 2023 · ... low five was a greeting in African American communities. This greeting entered white hipster subculture in the '40s, and made its way to ...Missing: 1940s | Show results with:1940s
[16]
[PDF] Essential Things to Know about Gestures and Body Language
For example, in the world of U.S. sports, the well- known “low five ... Throughout Europe, the gesture that says. “Come here” is done by raising the arm, palm ...
[17]
High-Five: How 1940s Hipsters took it from African-Americans and ...
The low five has been part of the African-American culture since at least the 1920s. · In the 1927 film The Jazz Singer, actor Al Jolson is seen performing the ...
[18]
The effects of embodied rhythm and robotic interventions on ... - NIH
To balance out the number of verbal and gestural items, we modified the JTAT to add 3 more gestural items of waving bye, giving a low five, and giving a high ...
[19]
[PDF] Embodied Rhythm Interventions for Children with Autism Spectrum ...
Aug 4, 2014 · Low-five. Gives low-five. Wave “bye”. Waves “bye”. Table 4-1: Verbal and gestural prompts of the JTAT. In addition to a standardized test of ...
[20]
Task‐related differences in the gesture production of young autistic ...
Apr 4, 2024 · Open hand held up or extended towards the communication partner as a request for a high five. Other variations (e.g., low five, fist bumps, high ...
[21]
https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/25/style/noticed-a-bump-and-no-shake.html
[22]
https://priceonomics.com/the-inventor-of-the-high-five/
[23]
NOTICED; A Bump and No Shake - The New York Times
Nov 25, 2001 · ''There was the high-five, the low-five, and now it's the fist bump ... soul shake, the newer hip-hop hug (a soul shake followed by a ...Missing: variants | Show results with:variants
[24]
The Inventor of the High Five - Priceonomics
essentially the same as a high five ... But the gesture, also known as “giving skin,” was exclusive and ...
[25]
https://folklife.si.edu/talkstory/2014/five-on-the-black-hand-sideorigins-and-evolutions-of-the-dap
[26]
Five on the Black Hand Side: Origins and Evolutions of the Dap
Sep 22, 2014 · Historically, the dap is both a symbol among African American men that expresses unity, strength, defiance, or resistance and a complex language ...Missing: low | Show results with:low
[27]
Gestures of Solidarity in African American Culture
African Americans often use body language to signal their defiance. These gestures also show solidarity among protestors.
[28]
Five on the Black Hand Side: Origins and Evolutions of the Dap
Oct 27, 2014 · The dap and the black power handshake, which evolved from the dap, were important symbols of black consciousness, identity, and cultural unity ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[29]
Touching Behavior in Sport: Functional Components, Analysis of ...
Aug 5, 2025 · ... gestures (e.g., one fist up, two fists up, thumbs up) and touch behaviors (e.g., low five, high five, touch shoulders) Moesch et al., 2016).
[30]
[PDF] prelinguistic/emerging linguistic gesture use in young
Other variations (e.g., low five, fist bumps, high tens) are also coded as high fives. Hug. An extension of the arms to request a hug. Number. Holding up a ...
[31]
The Power of Touch | Psychology Today
Mar 11, 2013 · At the same time, warm touch stimulates release of the "cuddle hormone," oxytocin, which enhances a sense of trust and attachment. The ...
[32]
Touch and Trust - Positive Psychology News
Jan 17, 2011 · Touch enhances trust, conveys emotion, helps calm stress, and is more effective than words when showing understanding and acceptance.Missing: slapping | Show results with:slapping
[33]
Inside All-Star Kyle Lowry's freestyle pregame low-five intro
Yoga, Snipers and Shooting Dice: Inside All-Star Kyle Lowry's freestyle pregame low-five intro ... NBA. VanVleet said the Lowry ...
[34]
What's the origin of the post free throw handshake? : r/nba - Reddit
Nov 21, 2015 · Does it pretty much go as far back as people can remember? Is it written into the rules of basketball? Edit: low-five, not handshake.
[35]
He Missed a Shot? Give That Man a Hand - The New York Times
Apr 11, 2015 · “You got the two guys behind him giving him a low-five,” Palubinskas said, “and the two guys in front of him saying: 'Hey, it's O.K. Don't be ...
[36]
Steph Curry Gave Out the World's Most Disrespectful Low-Five | GQ
Dec 14, 2016 · Steph Curry Gave Out the World's Most Disrespectful Low-Five. Just leave him hanging next time, guy. By Jay Willis. December 14, 2016. Save ...