Manimal
Manimal is an American action-adventure television series created by Glen A. Larson and Donald R. Boyle that aired on NBC from September 30, 1983, to December 17, 1983.[1][2] The show centers on Jonathan Chase, a wealthy British professor at New York University with the supernatural ability to transform into any animal, who uses his powers to aid in solving crimes alongside NYPD detective Brooke Mackenzie and his friend Tyrone "Ty" C. Earl.[3][1] Only eight episodes were produced, with seven broadcast during its initial run, due to low ratings that led to its quick cancellation.[2][4] Starring Simon MacCorkindale as the enigmatic Jonathan Chase, Melody Anderson as the determined Brooke Mackenzie, Reni Santoni as Lieutenant Nick Rivera, and Michael D. Roberts as Tyrone "Ty" C. Earl, Manimal blended elements of science fiction, mystery, and superhero tropes typical of 1980s network television.[1] The pilot episode, a 90-minute special, introduced Chase's backstory as a man trained in animal transformation by his late father, an explorer who discovered the ability in Africa, and depicted him thwarting a terrorist plot involving toxic gas.[3] Subsequent episodes featured Chase shifting into various animals—such as a dolphin, hawk, or panther—to infiltrate criminal operations, often emphasizing high-stakes action and moral dilemmas about his secretive powers.[5] Produced by Glen A. Larson Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television, the series was part of Larson's portfolio of fantastical shows, including Battlestar Galactica and Knight Rider, but failed to capture a wide audience despite its intriguing premise.[1] Critically, it received mixed to negative reviews, with a 22% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes.[5] Over time, Manimal has gained a cult following for its kitschy charm and has been referenced in pop culture, including a crossover appearance by Chase in the 1998 series Night Man, another Larson creation.[6]Premise
Plot summary
Manimal centers on Dr. Jonathan Chase, a wealthy British zoologist and professor at New York University, who possesses the supernatural ability to shapeshift into any animal form at will. This power, passed down from his father and honed through training in Africa's jungles, enables Chase to battle crime covertly while preserving his secret identity as a suave academic. He employs his transformations strategically to infiltrate restricted areas, pursue suspects, and thwart criminal activities without revealing his true capabilities to the public.[1][7] Chase forms a close-knit team with NYPD detective Brooke Mackenzie, a resourceful officer who becomes privy to his secret, and his steadfast friend Tyrone "Ty" C. Earl, a former U.S. Army intelligence officer and Vietnam War comrade who provides logistical support and comic relief. Operating as unofficial consultants to the police, the trio tackles a range of urban threats, from smuggling rings to kidnappings, blending Chase's animal prowess with Mackenzie's investigative skills and Earl's streetwise expertise. Their partnership underscores themes of trust and collaboration in the face of extraordinary circumstances.[1][8] The series unfolds in an episodic action-adventure format laced with supernatural intrigue, featuring self-contained stories where Chase recurrently assumes forms like the hawk for aerial observation, the black panther for nocturnal stealth, and the dolphin for underwater reconnaissance to advance investigations and execute daring rescues. Adhering to a personal code that eschews lethal force, Chase prioritizes justice through non-violent means, highlighting the ethical boundaries of his abilities in a world of moral ambiguity. The narrative emphasizes the tension of his dual life, as he navigates the risks of exposure while aiding law enforcement.[1][9]Opening narration
The opening narration of Manimal served as a dramatic voiceover that introduced the series' central premise each week, encapsulating the protagonist's enigmatic abilities in a style emblematic of 1980s adventure television. Delivered in a resonant, gravelly baritone, the monologue was as follows: "Dr. Jonathan Chase, wealthy, young, and handsome. A man with the brightest of futures. A man with the darkest of pasts. From Africa's deepest recesses, to the rarefied peaks of Tibet, heir to his father's legacy and the world's darkest mysteries. Dr. Jonathan Chase, master of the secrets that divide man from animal, animal from man. Teacher, protector, defender. Call him... Manimal."[4] This script directly alluded to Chase's shapeshifting power, transforming into animals to aid in crime-fighting.[7] The narration was performed by actor William Conrad, renowned for his distinctive voice work in projects like Cannon and various documentaries, lending an authoritative and mysterious tone that heightened the show's supernatural intrigue.[10] Conrad's delivery, with its deliberate pauses and emphatic phrasing—particularly the elongated "Manimal"—established a sense of grandeur and urgency, mirroring the era's penchant for bombastic introductions in action series.[11] It aired consistently at the start of the seven non-pilot episodes, with no documented variations in wording or style across the run.[10] Culturally, the narration has endured as a hallmark of 1980s television camp, often cited for its over-the-top cheesiness that belied the show's modest production values. Its earnest solemnity in voicing an absurd concept has inspired parodies and nostalgic references in pop culture retrospectives, evoking the era's blend of earnest drama and unintentional humor.[11] For instance, discussions of potential remakes have highlighted the intro's quotable flair as a symbol of the original's quirky legacy.[12]Cast and characters
Main cast
Simon MacCorkindale portrayed Dr. Jonathan Chase, the wealthy British professor and shapeshifter who aids law enforcement by transforming into animals to combat crime, appearing in all eight episodes of the series.[1] The British actor brought a suave and sophisticated demeanor to the role, embodying the urbane hero with charm and charisma that anchored the show's fantastical elements.[13] MacCorkindale, who had previously appeared as the opportunistic shark hunter Philip FitzRoyce in Jaws 3-D (1983), drew on his experience in action-oriented projects to deliver a poised performance as Chase.[14] He passed away on October 14, 2010, at age 58 from bowel cancer.[15] Melody Anderson played Detective Brooke Mackenzie, the determined NYPD officer who becomes Chase's ally and learns his secret, also appearing in all eight episodes.[1] As the tough female lead, Anderson's portrayal highlighted Mackenzie's intelligence and resilience, contributing to the series' blend of procedural drama and supernatural adventure.[16] Known for her role as Dale Arden in Flash Gordon (1980), Anderson brought a strong presence to the character, fostering notable on-screen chemistry with MacCorkindale that enhanced the central partnership.[17] Michael D. Roberts depicted Tyrone "Ty" C. Earl, Chase's loyal street-smart associate who provides comic relief and practical support in their investigations, appearing in seven episodes starting from the second; the role was originated by Glynn Turman in the pilot episode.[1] Roberts' performance as the resourceful sidekick added levity and action-oriented dynamics to the trio, balancing the more serious tones of Chase and Mackenzie.[2] With prior experience in roles like the informant Rooster on Baretta (1975–1978), Roberts infused Ty with a vibrant, urban edge that complemented the series' ensemble.[18]Supporting and guest roles
The supporting cast of Manimal featured recurring characters who provided essential ensemble depth, particularly in law enforcement and personal alliances for the protagonists. Reni Santoni portrayed Lieutenant Nick Rivera, a New York Police Department officer who appeared in all eight episodes, serving as a key liaison between the civilian investigators and official authorities.[19] Michael D. Roberts played Tyrone "Ty" C. Earl, Jonathan Chase's loyal associate and confidant, appearing in seven episodes starting from the second; the role was originally played by Glynn Turman in the pilot episode.[19] These performances contributed to the show's procedural elements, with Santoni's Rivera embodying the bureaucratic hurdles often faced by the team and Roberts' Ty offering comic relief and streetwise support. The series showcased diversity in its supporting and guest casting, reflecting modest representation of underrepresented groups in 1980s network television; Santoni, of Puerto Rican descent, and Roberts, an African American actor, brought ethnic variety to roles that grounded the fantastical premise in urban realism.[19] Guest stars frequently depicted antagonists from a range of archetypes, including international operatives, organized crime figures, and otherworldly adversaries, enhancing episodic variety without relying solely on the core team. Notable examples include Ursula Andress as the seductive arms dealer Karen Jade in the pilot, Ed Lauter as the menacing Colonel Hunt in the pilot, Richard Lynch as the illusionist Zoltan Gregory in "Illusion," and Keenan Wynn as the grizzled sailor Clancy "Sea Dog" Morgan in "Scrimshaw."[20] Other established television actors, such as Lloyd Bochner as the corrupt Jordan Silver in the pilot and Christopher Stone in "Illusion," filled out these one-off roles, often amplifying the threats posed by spies, mobsters, or supernatural elements to diversify the action across the short run.[20]Production
Development
Manimal was created in 1983 by prolific television producer Glen A. Larson and writer Donald R. Boyle, who had previously worked on the children's series Bigfoot and Wildboy.[21] Larson's extensive history with NBC, including successful genre hits such as the sci-fi action series Knight Rider that debuted in 1982, positioned him to capitalize on the early 1980s surge in science fiction and fantasy programming across networks.[22] This boom, marked by shows blending adventure with supernatural elements, influenced Larson's pitch for Manimal as a crime-solving narrative centered on a shape-shifting protagonist.[21] The concept originated from ideas of mythological shapeshifting abilities, reimagined in a modern context where the lead character, a university professor, uses animal transformations to assist law enforcement—echoing themes from Larson's prior exploratory works in fantastical action, such as the holographic hero series Automan developed concurrently for ABC.[21] Boyle contributed to fleshing out the backstory, including the protagonist's origins tied to African tribal teachings. Script development progressed rapidly from the initial pitch in spring 1983, culminating in a 90-minute pilot that established the core premise of supernatural aid in urban crime-fighting.[22][21] NBC commissioned the series for its Friday 9:00 p.m. ET slot, aiming to attract viewers with accessible, adventure-driven content amid competitive genre programming.[5] However, low ratings led to the series not being renewed after its short run of eight episodes, which aired from September to December 1983, amid the competitive 1983-84 television season.[21]Filming and effects
The principal filming for Manimal took place at 20th Century Fox Studios in Century City, Los Angeles, California, where the production utilized soundstages to construct interior sets depicting New York City environments such as apartments, university offices, and police stations.[23] Exterior shots occasionally incorporated Los Angeles landmarks to stand in for urban New York scenes, reflecting the show's setting at New York University while leveraging the studio's facilities for efficiency.[23] Special effects artist Stan Winston, known for his work on films like The Thing, led the creation of the transformation sequences, employing practical techniques including prosthetics and stop-motion animation to depict Jonathan Chase's shifts into animals such as a black panther or hawk.[24][13] For instance, prosthetic appliances simulated bubbling skin during metamorphoses, achieved by inflating air bladders beneath latex surfaces, while stop-motion was used for limb extensions and full-body changes to convey fluid yet otherworldly motion within the constraints of 1980s television technology.[24] Real animals, handled by professional trainers, provided footage for post-transformation sequences to ground the effects in authenticity, avoiding entirely fabricated creature shots.[4] The pilot episode, titled "Manimal," was directed by Russ Mayberry, who coordinated the integration of live-action performances with these effects-heavy moments, emphasizing quick cuts to mask limitations in the morphing process.[25] Subsequent episodes followed a similar approach under various directors, with Winston's team recycling core transformation templates—such as the hawk flight—to maintain consistency across the short run.[24] However, the production's modest budget, typical of NBC's Friday night lineup, resulted in challenges like visible seams in prosthetics and jerky stop-motion that critics later described as unconvincing and "cheesy," particularly in aerial hawk sequences where optical compositing struggled to blend seamlessly with live footage.[26][27] In post-production, editors at 20th Century Fox focused on layering optical effects over live-action plates, using matte compositing to insert animal forms into scenes and dissolve transitions for smoother shifts.[24] Sound design played a crucial role, with custom effects like growls, wing flaps, and whooshes synchronized to the visuals during transformations, enhancing the auditory illusion despite the era's analog limitations and enhancing the overall dramatic tension in action sequences.[4]Episodes
Aired episodes
The eight aired episodes of Manimal were broadcast on NBC Fridays at 9:00 p.m. ET from September 30 to December 17, 1983, comprising a 90-minute pilot followed by seven 60-minute installments that maintained a consistent format of crime-solving adventures featuring shape-shifting sequences and practical effects for animal transformations.[2] The production emphasized elaborate visual effects for Jonathan Chase's metamorphoses, which drove up costs—estimated at over $1 million per episode due to custom prosthetics and animation—though no major overruns or reshoots were reported for individual episodes beyond standard post-production tweaks for the pilot.[19] Below is a guide to the aired episodes, including key credits and synopses focused on central conflicts and animal forms used.| No. | Title | Air Date | Director | Writer(s) | Synopsis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Manimal (pilot) | Sep 30, 1983 | Russ Mayberry | Glen A. Larson (story), Donald R. Boyle (teleplay) | Jonathan Chase, a shape-shifting professor, reveals his abilities to NYPD detective Brooke McKenzie after terrorists steal a deadly virus from a lab, planning to unleash it on the city. Teaming with Brooke and ally Ty Earl, Chase transforms into a hawk to track the villains, a black panther to fight henchmen, and a dolphin to pursue an underwater escape, ultimately preventing the outbreak. The episode establishes the series' premise of using animal forms to aid law enforcement against extraordinary threats.[25] |
| 2 | Illusion | Oct 14, 1983 | Daniel Haller | Paul Mason | A smuggling ring led by diplomat Andre Devereaux exploits his immunity to traffic diamonds, but the investigation intensifies when illusionist Marco stages a leopard attack that kills his assistant during a magic show. Chase infiltrates the operation by transforming into a leopard to spy on Marco and confront Devereaux, exposing the link between the illusions and the crime. The conflict highlights diplomatic barriers and theatrical deception, resolved through Chase's animal guise.[28] |
| 3 | Night of the Scorpion | Oct 21, 1983 | Daniel Haller | Glen A. Larson | A businessman dies from a scorpion sting on a luxury cruise ship carrying stolen U.S. defense plans to foreign spies amid Cold War tensions. Chase, suspecting foul play beyond the apparent accident, transforms into a scorpion to infiltrate the spy network aboard the vessel and retrieve the documents before they reach enemy hands. The episode centers on espionage and venomous intrigue, with Chase's tiny form enabling covert navigation through tight spaces.[29] |
| 4 | Female of the Species | Oct 28, 1983 | Georg Fenady | Michael Berk & Douglas Schwartz | A cult leader brainwashes young women, including heiress Leslie Woods, to serve his plan to assassinate a mayoral candidate during a public event. Chase rescues Leslie by transforming into an eagle for aerial surveillance and a black panther to disrupt the cult's rituals in a remote compound. The narrative explores manipulation and fanaticism, emphasizing Chase's dual animal forms to counter the leader's predatory control.[30] |
| 5 | High Stakes | Nov 4, 1983 | Sidney Hayers | Michael Berk & Douglas Schwartz | Corrupt gamblers kidnap a jockey's family to force fixed outcomes at a high-profile horse race, rigging bets for profit. Chase enters the fray by transforming into a horse to compete incognito and expose the syndicate during the event, while coordinating with Brooke to free the hostages. The plot revolves around organized crime in sports, with Chase's equine form providing an insider's edge against the stakes.[31] |
| 6 | Scrimshaw | Dec 3, 1983 | Charles Bail | Michael Berk & Douglas Schwartz | An illegal ivory smuggling operation disguised as scrimshaw art threatens endangered species, operating from a cargo ship off the coast. Chase transforms into a dolphin to sabotage the vessel underwater and a hawk to track the smugglers from above, allying with a marine biologist to halt the trade. The episode focuses on wildlife poaching and maritime evasion, underscoring environmental stakes through Chase's aquatic and avian shifts.[32] |
| 7 | Breath of the Dragon | Dec 10, 1983 | Leslie H. Martinson | Joseph Gunn | A violent gang shakes down New York City's Chinatown businesses, enforcing protection rackets tied to a synthetic drug distribution. Chase confronts the leader in a climactic showdown, transforming into a large bird and other forms to dismantle the operation and protect the community. The conflict delves into urban extortion and cultural tensions, resolved via Chase's versatile animal abilities in tight urban settings.[33] |
| 8 | Night of the Beast | Dec 17, 1983 | Russ Mayberry | Sam Egan | While on a well-deserved vacation in the small town of Birch Hollow, Jonathan Chase, Brooke McKenzie, and Ty Earl become involved in thwarting a syndicate boss's attempt to illegally take over the town. Chase is kidnapped by a woman who believes he is responsible for her brother's disappearance, leading to revelations about the syndicate's crimes. Chase uses his shape-shifting abilities, transforming into various animals to expose and stop the plot.[34] |