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Meridian

A meridian is an imaginary north-south line on the Earth's surface that connects the and the , serving as a reference for measuring . These lines, also known as lines of , form half of great circles that divide the globe and are essential for establishing geographic coordinates. Unlike latitude lines, which are parallel, meridians converge at the poles and are widest at the . The concept of meridians dates back to ancient civilizations, but their modern use stems from the need for precise and , with the defined as the line of 0° passing through the Royal Observatory in , . All other meridians are measured in degrees east or west from this reference, ranging up to 180° on either side, where the approximates the 180th meridian. In and , principal meridians are established as initial north-south lines from which township grids are laid out in regions like the . Meridians play a critical role in global positioning systems (GPS), time zones, and international boundaries, as locations along the same meridian share identical values. For instance, the roughly delineates the boundary between the more humid and the arid . In astronomy and , meridians also refer to the celestial meridian, an imaginary line passing through the and of an observer's location, aiding in stellar observations.

Scientific Concepts

Geography and Navigation

In geography, a meridian is defined as a on Earth's surface that passes through the North and South Poles, connecting all points of equal . These imaginary lines run from pole to pole and converge at the poles, forming half of a that divides the globe into eastern and western halves. is measured in degrees east or west from a reference meridian, typically ranging from 0° to 180°, with the antimeridian serving as the line exactly 180° opposite the , often approximating the . The concept of meridians traces back to ancient cartography, where Ptolemy in his second-century Geography utilized lines of longitude to systematically map known locations, assigning coordinates relative to a prime meridian positioned at the Fortunate Isles (modern Canary Islands). This approach laid foundational principles for positional geography, though early measurements were approximate. In modern usage, the Greenwich Prime Meridian (0° longitude) was internationally adopted at the 1884 International Meridian Conference in Washington, D.C., where 41 delegates from 25 nations selected it due to its widespread use in nautical almanacs and British naval influence. This decision standardized global mapping and facilitated the establishment of time zones, as Earth's rotation divides the 360° circumference into 24 hours, yielding 15° per hour of longitude. Meridians play a crucial role in , forming the longitudinal grid on nautical charts, where Mercator projections depict them as straight vertical lines for plotting courses. In and GPS systems, coordinates based on meridians enable precise positioning, with satellites referencing the for latitude- fixes. A key navigational calculation derives longitude differences from local time disparities using the formula: \Delta \lambda = (t_2 - t_1) \times 15^\circ where \Delta \lambda is the difference in degrees, and t_1, t_2 are local times at two points, reflecting 's 15° hourly . The full meridional circumference of measures approximately 40,008 km, underscoring the scale of these lines from pole to pole. The itself passes through the (at ), , , , , , , and .

Astronomy and Timekeeping

In astronomy, the is defined as an imaginary on the that passes through the north and south poles, as well as the and relative to an observer's location on . This line serves as a fundamental reference for and coordinate systems, dividing the sky into eastern and western hemispheres from the observer's perspective. The astronomical meridian refers to the points where the celestial meridian intersects the observer's horizon, typically at the north and south cardinal points, and it plays a role in determining by marking the path of celestial objects across the sky. When a or transits this meridian—reaching its highest point above the horizon—it defines the moment of local , which historically and conceptually anchors timekeeping observations. Solar noon occurs when the Sun crosses the celestial meridian, establishing apparent solar time based on the 's position rather than a uniform clock. To reconcile apparent solar time with the more consistent mean solar time used in calendars, astronomers apply the equation of time, defined as the difference between apparent solar time and mean solar time, which varies annually from about -14 minutes to +16 minutes due to Earth's elliptical orbit and . This correction ensures accurate synchronization between solar observations and standards. Historically, meridian instruments like transit circles were essential for precise astronomical measurements and time standardization. The Paris Observatory's meridian was established in 1667 by mathematicians of the , aligning the facility's axis for systematic stellar observations. In 1850, , the at , designed and installed a transit circle that redefined the Greenwich meridian and facilitated global timekeeping by enabling exact determinations of and . These instruments revolutionized and by providing reliable transits of stars across the meridian, contributing to the adoption of as an international reference. In modern observatories, the meridian remains crucial for astrometric work, where it aids in calibrating coordinates and measuring precise positions of bodies using equatorial systems. For astronomers, aligning telescopes to the local meridian is a standard practice during of equatorial mounts, ensuring stable tracking of objects as they arc across the sky and maximizing observational accuracy.

Medicine and Biology

In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), meridians, known as jingluo, are conceptualized as a network of pathways through which qi (vital energy) and blood circulate to nourish organs, tissues, and the overall body. This system forms the foundational framework for diagnosing and treating imbalances, with meridians serving as conduits that connect the body's surface to internal structures. The concept originated in ancient texts, particularly the Huangdi Neijing (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon), compiled around 200 BCE, which describes meridians as essential for maintaining harmony between the human body and the natural world. These pathways integrate with therapeutic practices such as acupuncture, where needles stimulate specific points to regulate qi flow, and moxibustion, which applies heat to meridians to dispel cold or stagnation, both of which remain central to modern TCM applications. The meridian system comprises 12 principal (regular) meridians, each paired and associated with specific organs, exhibiting yin or yang polarity—yin meridians linked to solid zang organs (e.g., heart, liver) and yang to hollow fu organs (e.g., stomach, bladder). For instance, the lung meridian (Hand Taiyin), a yin channel, begins in the chest near the lung organ, descends to the abdomen, ascends along the inner arm, and terminates at the radial side of the thumb, facilitating respiration, immunity, and fluid regulation. Similarly, the heart meridian (Hand Shaoyin), another yin pathway, originates in the heart, travels from the armpit along the inner arm, and ends at the medial side of the little finger, governing blood circulation and emotional well-being. These 12 meridians are supplemented by 8 extraordinary vessels, which act as reservoirs to regulate qi and blood during physiological demands like growth or reproduction, and the system includes 361 classical acupuncture points distributed along these channels for targeted interventions. Each meridian also aligns with the five-element theory (wood, fire, earth, metal, water), influencing organ interactions and seasonal cycles to promote holistic balance. Western biomedical interpretations view meridians not as discrete anatomical structures but potentially as alignments along neural pathways, , or fascial planes that transmit signals influencing pain and , though no definitive gross anatomical correlates have been identified. Studies suggest meridians may correspond to the body's fascial network, a continuous layer that could facilitate qi-like energy propagation through mechanical tension and . Additionally, biophysical has demonstrated lower electrical and impedance along meridian paths compared to surrounding tissues, attributed to higher concentrations of free ions, gap junctions, or nitric oxide-mediated conductivity at acupoints, supporting their role in sensory and regulatory functions. Recent randomized controlled trials (post-2020) have explored meridian-based therapies for , showing promising efficacy in conditions like primary and joint dysfunction. For example, a 2024 network of TCM interventions targeting meridians found along specific channels superior to treatments in reducing intensity, with effects sustained over 12 weeks. Another 2025 trial comparing meridian-focused techniques reported significant reductions in chronic joint scores (VAS scale) versus conventional care, highlighting meridian stimulation's role in modulating neuroinflammatory pathways without adverse effects. These findings underscore meridian therapy's integration into evidence-based relief, though larger trials are needed to confirm mechanisms.

Places

Settlements

Meridian, Mississippi, serves as the county seat of Lauderdale County in eastern , with a population of 35,052 as recorded in the . Founded in 1860 at the junction of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad and the Southern Railway of Mississippi, the city was named Meridian by railroad president William C. Smedes, reflecting its position as a central point—or "meridian"—along the rail lines, which facilitated its early growth as a transportation hub. During the , Meridian's strategic rail importance made it a target for forces; in February 1864, General William T. Sherman led the , destroying much of the city's infrastructure to disrupt Confederate supply lines, an event that devastated but ultimately did not end its rail-centered economy. In the , , stands as the most populous settlement bearing the name, with an estimated population of 134,801 in 2023, making it the largest city in Ada County and a key suburb of Boise. Established in 1891 on the site of the former Hunter settlement, it was renamed Meridian in 1893 after the Boise Meridian, a north-south survey line used by government land officials to divide public lands in the region, highlighting the influence of geographic on place names. The city's rapid expansion since the late 20th century has been driven by its proximity to Boise, transforming it from a rural farming community into a thriving residential and commercial area with significant population growth averaging over 5% annually in recent decades. As of 2025 projections, the population is estimated at 144,801. Smaller U.S. communities named Meridian include the unincorporated in , which had a population of 4,786 in the 2020 Census and functions as a suburban enclave within the . In Oklahoma, the former town of Meridian in Stephens County was originally platted in the early 1900s amid oil boom development; as of the 2020 census, the area is part of the Sunray CDP with a of 100. These settlements, like others named Meridian, typically derive their moniker from 19th-century land surveying practices, where "meridian" denoted principal north-south lines used to establish property boundaries, often coinciding with railroad expansions that spurred their founding.

Administrative Divisions

Meridian administrative divisions in the United States frequently originate from the (PLSS), a framework established in 1785 to systematically divide lands into townships and sections using principal meridians—north-south reference lines—and east-west baselines for equitable and property allocation. This grid-based approach, initiated in the and expanded westward, influenced the naming of numerous townships and districts along these survey lines, emphasizing organized rural governance, land management, and resource distribution. A key example is in , which exemplifies these historical practices. Organized on February 16, 1842, from adjacent Alaiedon Township, it derives its name from the principal meridian marking its eastern boundary, a direct nod to early land efforts in the region. The township's governmental structure supports local services including zoning, public safety, and community planning, while its agricultural heritage shaped its early economy; by 1870, it encompassed 8,440 acres of improved farmland yielding , corn, oats, , and dairy products, with farms valued at over $688,000 and livestock at $102,981. Its proximity to in neighboring East Lansing has driven suburban development, blending rural traditions with educational and residential growth. The 2020 U.S. Census recorded a of 43,916, up nearly 11% from ; as of 2023 estimates, the population is 43,823. In , magisterial districts named Meridian function as nonfunctioning electoral subdivisions within counties, primarily aiding rural administration through voting precincts, land use oversight, and localized policy implementation without independent taxing authority. These districts, remnants of colonial-era divisions, prioritize agricultural , , and community representation in state legislative processes. Demographic shifts in such U.S. rural districts mirror national patterns, with suburban expansion contributing to approximately 10% average in comparable townships between 2010 and 2020. Internationally, administrative units bearing the name Meridian reflect similar geospatial influences, such as historical parishes aligned with astronomical meridians. These entities underscore Meridian's enduring association with longitudinal boundaries in global land administration.

Structures and Landmarks

The Uptown Meridian, located in , serves as a major regional shopping center spanning 750,000 square feet and featuring anchor stores like , , JCPenney, and , along with diverse dining options in its Oasis Food Court. Originally opened as Bonita Lakes Mall on October 15, 1997, it was rebranded and revitalized in recent years to enhance its role as a community hub for retail and entertainment. In , the historic Meridian Star Building at 814 22nd Avenue stands as a key architectural in the downtown area, originally constructed in the early to house the offices of the local newspaper, The Meridian Star. Recognized as part of the city's historic properties, the building exemplifies period commercial and contributes to the preservation of Meridian's journalistic heritage. Naval Air Station Meridian, situated 11 miles northeast of , is a significant installation commissioned in 1961 as a training facility for and Marine Corps aviators, covering approximately 8,000 acres and supporting advanced jet pilot programs. Though not a World War II-era site, it represents a cornerstone of the region's postwar infrastructure and . The Prime Meridian's passage through the Royal Observatory in , , is commemorated by a strip embedded in the courtyard pavement, installed on December 16, 1999, to mark the zero line established in 1884 and serving as the global standard for time zones and . This marker replaced an earlier brass version and is illuminated by a green at night for visibility. Worldwide, similar plaques denote meridian crossings, including a brass-inlaid stone marker in the observatory grounds and commemorative installations in locations such as the sites in , underscoring the line's enduring scientific and cultural significance. Meridian City Hall, at 601 24th Avenue in Meridian, Mississippi, is a three-story neoclassical revival structure designed by architect P.J. Krouse and completed in 1915, featuring a symmetrical facade with terra cotta detailing and columns that reflect early 20th-century civic grandeur. Listed on the in 1979, it remains a focal point of the city's administrative and architectural heritage.

Natural Features

Meridian State Park in , encompasses 505 acres of diverse terrain on the boundary between the and Grand Prairies regions, featuring prominent formations that highlight the area's Cretaceous-era . The park includes a 72-acre lake formed by a constructed from local , surrounded by oak-juniper woodlands and exposed bluffs with embedded fossils, providing habitat for wildlife such as and endangered golden-cheeked warblers. Established in 1935 through land acquisitions from 1933 to 1935, the park preserves these natural elements while offering trails like the 2.2-mile Hiking Trail, which winds through limestone outcroppings and offers scenic overlooks of the aquatic and riparian ecosystems. In Idaho's Custer County, Meridian Creek is a high-elevation stream (approximately 7,051 feet) within the Salmon-Challis National Forest, serving as a in the Yankee Fork drainage of the Salmon River basin. This creek supports critical aquatic habitats for native species, including (Salvelinus confluentus), a threatened char observed spawning and rearing in its waters, with visual surveys confirming presence about 3 kilometers downstream from sampling sites. As part of a larger watershed vital for anadromous fish migrations, the creek contributes to the ecological corridor for (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) returning to Idaho's interior rivers, though populations face challenges from and warming temperatures. Meridian Hills, located in , near , features natural ridges and undulating terrain shaped by glacial moraines from the Wisconsinan glaciation during the Pleistocene . These moraines, composed of deposits including clay, sand, and boulders, form low hills rising up to 900 feet above in the surrounding till plain, contrasting with the flatter expanses created by glacial flattening. The landscape reflects broader influences that deposited moraines across central , influencing local and in areas like this affluent suburb. Internationally, the in Antarctica's , Fallières Coast, is a 9-nautical-mile-long feature flowing southward along the west side of Godfrey Upland, merging with near Behaim Peak. Named for its alignment with a line of longitude in early mapping, this exemplifies the continent's dynamic cryospheric environment, contributing to outlet flow from the Peninsula's ice fields. Such features underscore how geographical naming often ties to meridian lines for navigational reference in polar regions.

Arts and Entertainment

Literature and Print Media

Meridian is a 1976 novel by set primarily in the and in the fictional town of Chicokema, , depicting the protagonist Meridian Hill's involvement in civil rights activism amid the turbulent American South. The narrative follows Hill's evolution from a college student grappling with personal and racial identity to a committed organizer facing violence, disillusionment, and moral dilemmas in the movement. Central themes include , the psychological toll of racial violence, and the tensions between nonviolent protest and revolutionary impulses, as Hill navigates relationships strained by and societal oppression. Walker draws from her own civil rights experiences, including her work with the and voter registration drives in , to portray the era's ideological conflicts and the quest for among black women. In print media, The Meridian Star serves as a key periodical associated with the name, founded in in , and functioning as the region's primary source for local news, opinion, sports, and obituaries. Originally a daily, it shifted to tri-weekly (Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday) in 2020 to adapt to digital trends while maintaining print delivery. Its circulation stands at approximately 10,514 as of recent audits, reflecting its role in covering East communities. Meridian Magazine, an independent online publication for members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, was founded in 1999 by Scot Facer Proctor and Maurine Jensen Proctor, evolving from their prior work on the print magazine This People. It delivers daily articles on doctrine, family life, current events, and inspirational content through a faith-based lens, marking its 25th anniversary in 2024 with a focus on digital accessibility and community engagement.

Film, Television, and Theater

In film, "Meridian" refers to several works where the title plays a central role in the narrative or setting. The 1990 romantic horror film Meridian: Kiss of the Beast, directed and produced by Charles Band, follows Catherine Bomarzini, an American art student played by Sherilyn Fenn, who inherits her family's gothic castle in Italy following her father's death. There, she becomes entangled in a supernatural love triangle involving a charming magician and his cursed twin brother, who transforms into a beast-like creature at night, blending elements of eroticism and Gothic romance with werewolf mythology. The film, released by Full Moon Features, received mixed reviews for its atmospheric visuals and Fenn's performance but was criticized for uneven pacing and low-budget effects. A titled Meridian was released on in as a technical demonstration for the Interoperable Master Format (IMF). Set in 1947 , it follows a (Kevin ) investigating the disappearance of four men, leading to a cavern and an eerie discovery. Starring Reid Scott and Elyse , the 4-minute drama highlights elements and intrigue. In television, "Meridian" is prominently associated with (formerly Meridian Broadcasting), the regional ITV franchise serving , , parts of , , , and since its launch on January 1, 1993. Replacing after the 1991 franchise auction, where it secured the license with a £36.5 million bid, Meridian Broadcasting focused on local news, current affairs, and regional programming, operating studios in , Maidstone, and Newbury. The service rebranded to in 2004 amid broader network consolidation, continuing to deliver award-winning coverage like ITV News Meridian to nearly 8 million potential viewers across its sub-regions. Meridian Broadcasting also produced notable drama series, including the soap opera-style Where the Heart Is (1997–2006), which aired on and depicted family dynamics and community life in the fictional Yorkshire town of Skelthwaite, often highlighting themes of healthcare, relationships, and social change. Co-produced with Anglia Television from 2002 to 2005, the series drew consistent audiences in the millions during its peak in the late 1990s and early 2000s, reflecting Meridian's role in regional storytelling.

Music

In music, "Meridian" has inspired various compositions and ensembles, often evoking themes of , direction, or geographic reference points. Electronic duo released the instrumental track "Meridian" on their 2017 album , blending ambient synths and rhythmic percussion to create a sense of expansive journey. Similarly, band featured "Meridian" on their 2019 album , a with The Late Ones that incorporates upbeat horns and exploring personal alignment and cultural roots. group Pinegrove issued the EP Meridian in 2012, containing seven tracks like "" and "" that delve into introspective narratives of place and emotion. The Meridian Arts Ensemble, a New York-based founded in 1987 by Juilliard and students, specializes in , commissioning and premiering over 50 new works for and percussion. The group has released numerous albums, including Prime (1995), which showcases innovative arrangements of modern compositions blending influences with classical structures, and Brink (2009), featuring boundary-pushing pieces by composers like Roberto . Their performances often incorporate humor and stylistic fusion, earning acclaim for expanding the repertoire. In , the local music scene thrives on its historical ties to , jazz, and , as recognized by the marker for "Meridian Blues and Jazz," which highlights the city's role as a hub for early 20th-century musicians seeking opportunities in its vibrant . The annual Music Festival, held since 1953 and the longest-running music festival in the U.S., draws thousands to Meridian each May with performances spanning , , Americana, , and , honoring "Father of Country Music" while showcasing diverse genres. Regional school anthems, such as the of Meridian High School's Wildcats of War , foster community spirit through energetic brass-led renditions performed at football games and parades. Meridian-based or Mississippi-connected artists have achieved national recognition, including Jimmy Buffett, the singer-songwriter born in nearby Pascagoula and honored with a star on the Walk of Fame at Meridian's Mississippi Arts + Entertainment Experience for his contributions to folk rock. Buffett received two Grammy Award nominations during his career, for Best Country Song in 2003 and Best Musical Album for Children in 2010. Country duo Muscadine Bloodline, with ties to the Mississippi music community, released "My Meridian" in 2025, a track celebrating personal connections amid Southern landscapes.

Visual and Performing Arts

Contemporary sculptures further explore meridian themes through architectural and metaphorical lenses. David Griggs' Dual Meridian (1994), installed at Denver International Airport's Concourse A, is a multi-element and structure that evokes the vaulted halls of early 20th-century transportation depots, symbolizing convergence and dual pathways in modern travel. Commissioned as part of the airport's program, the piece spans overhead above the , integrating light and form to highlight themes of connectivity across geographic lines. In painting, Stephanie Armbruster's Meridian series presents luminous works that balance organic with subtle representational elements, drawing on the meridian as a for and energy lines, as exhibited at ZYNKA in 2021. Performing arts incorporating "meridian" often manifest in dance companies that emphasize , , and cultural . The Meridian Dance Company, founded in , , in the early 2010s, specializes in , blending traditional Middle Eastern techniques with contemporary expressions to explore themes of and communal through live performances and workshops. The troupe hosts monthly haflehs—informal shows featuring troupe and guest dancers—and performs at regional events, festivals, and private functions, fostering accessibility in the scene. Similarly, Meridian Ballet in , established as a nonprofit studio, offers classes and productions that delve into themes of balance and progression, with annual recitals drawing local audiences to celebrate disciplined inspired by meridian-like precision.

Organizations and Businesses

Companies and Brands

, established in 1999 through the restructuring of New Zealand's state-owned Electricity Corporation of New Zealand (ECNZ), operates as the country's largest 100% renewable generator and retailer. The company produces approximately 30% of New Zealand's total supply, primarily from seven hydroelectric power stations and eight farms, supplemented by purchase agreements and the nation's first grid-scale storage. In 2013, went public via an that raised NZ$1.88 billion, marking New Zealand's largest IPO at the time and reducing government ownership to 51%. More recently, the company has expanded into sustainable transportation by launching New Zealand's first 100% renewable-powered (EV) charging hub at in 2025, alongside broader community decarbonization initiatives including EV incentives. Meridian Audio, founded in 1977 in Huntingdon, United Kingdom, by engineers Bob Stuart and Allen Boothroyd, is a pioneer in high-end consumer audio and home theater systems. The company gained prominence for developing the world's first active loudspeaker designed for home use, integrating amplification directly into speaker cabinets to enhance sound quality and reduce distortion. Over its history, Meridian has focused on digital audio innovations, including early adoption of high-resolution formats and streaming technologies, with products distributed globally through premium retailers. Its annual revenue is estimated at approximately £12.1 million as of 2024. Other notable companies bearing the Meridian name include Meridian Bioscience, a Cincinnati, Ohio-based firm specializing in molecular diagnostics and life science reagents for infectious disease testing, which was acquired in an all-cash transaction valued at $1.53 billion by South Korean entities SD Biosensor and SJL Partners, completed in January 2023. In the food sector, Meridian Foods, headquartered in , United Kingdom, produces natural and butters, spreads, and cooking oils as a palm oil-free brand; it has been owned by the Belfast-based SHS Group since 2018 and emphasizes ethical sourcing and vegan-friendly condiments.

Educational Institutions

Meridian Community College in , established in 1937 as the 13th and 14th grades at Meridian High School, serves as the state's only public community college dedicated to post-secondary in Lauderdale County. The institution offers associate degrees in fields such as university parallel transfers, career-technical , and development, with a total enrollment of approximately 3,000 students as of 2023. It maintains strong programs in , including the pathway that prepares students for licensure through a 73-credit combining general , clinical experiences, and specialized courses, and , which provides training aligned with industry needs via partnerships in solutions. In response to evolving educational demands in the , has expanded its eLearning offerings, including fully online and courses for and non- programs, enabling flexible access to degrees and certifications. This digital infrastructure supports a variety of disciplines, from healthcare training like and certification to industrial skills, reflecting broader adaptations to remote learning trends. The college's development division further bolsters these efforts by delivering short-term training programs, such as the Career STEP initiative, which subsidizes costs for career-technical to address local needs. Meridian University, an online and hybrid institution based in , was founded in 1993 to promote transformative education in human development. It specializes in graduate programs focused on and studies, offering degrees such as the PsyD in and PhD in that integrate , coaching, depth consultation, and cultural leadership. Accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission (WSCUC), the university delivers its curriculum through a 100% online format for global accessibility, emphasizing emergent and integrated learning models that empower personal and professional transformation. Several high schools across the bear the name Meridian, providing with varying emphases on traditional, , or specialized curricula. Meridian High School in , established in 1904, enrolls approximately 1,800 students in grades 9-12 and operates within the West Ada School District, offering a comprehensive program that includes courses and extracurricular activities. Complementing this, Meridian Academy in , functions as an public high school for grades 9-12, serving around 175 students with a focus on and skill development in a supportive environment. In other locations, such as , , Meridian Academy operates as a private, Cognia-accredited online and hybrid , enabling flexible high school diploma completion tailored to individual learning styles and career goals.

Transportation Entities

The Meridian Speedway is a significant rail corridor in the United States, primarily owned and operated through a joint venture between Kansas City Southern (now part of CPKC) and Norfolk Southern, spanning approximately 320 miles from Meridian, Mississippi, to Shreveport, Louisiana, with extensions toward Dallas, Texas. The line traces its origins to the mid-19th century, with construction beginning in the 1850s on segments like the Alabama and Vicksburg Railroad (from Meridian to Vicksburg) and the Vicksburg, Shreveport and Texas Railroad (extending westward), completing key portions by 1861 amid the onset of the American Civil War. During the Civil War, the route played a crucial role in Confederate logistics, serving as a vital supply line for troops and materials; its strategic importance led to Union General William Tecumseh Sherman's 1864 Meridian Campaign, which destroyed much of the infrastructure to disrupt Southern operations. The modern joint venture, established in 2006, invested over $300 million in upgrades to enhance capacity, signaling, and track conditions, enabling higher-speed freight operations up to 40-50 mph for intermodal and merchandise trains. Passenger service is provided daily by Amtrak's Crescent train, which stops at Meridian Union Station along the corridor, connecting New Orleans to New York City. Recent developments include feasibility studies by the Southern Rail Commission for potential high-speed intercity passenger rail extensions from Meridian to Dallas along the I-20 corridor, supported by federal funding applications in 2023-2024 to assess infrastructure needs and economic viability. Meridian Regional Airport (IATA: MEI), located at Key Field in , functions as a joint civil-military facility and regional hub for , commercial flights, and naval air training. Originally established as Key Field in 1941 as a U.S. Air training base during , it transitioned to Meridian in 1960, hosting advanced jet pilot training for the U.S. Navy and Marine while accommodating civilian operations. Commercial service, operated primarily by to destinations like Nashville and , handled 15,513 enplaned passengers in calendar year 2023, reflecting its role as a small-hub airport serving east-central with about 85,000 annual aircraft operations, including military flights. The airport features 's longest public at 8,500 feet, supporting diverse aviation needs, though passenger volumes remain modest compared to larger hubs. Other transportation entities bearing the name Meridian include the historical Meridian Line in the , an early 19th-century railway alignment influenced by Greenwich Meridian time standardization efforts, which facilitated the adoption of across British networks in the . Additionally, Meridian Shipping Company, a U.S.-based freight and firm founded in 2010, specializes in transportation equipment wholesaling and shipping services, handling distribution primarily in the Northeast.

Other Uses

Fictional Elements

In the animated web series MechWest, created by David Gallagher and produced by AnimSchool Studios, Meridian serves as the primary setting—a vast, fictional desert landmass inspired by the American Old West, characterized by steampunk elements and populated by humans who utilize robotic "mechs" as laborers and companions. The region features arid frontiers, towns like Fort West, and tensions with neighboring lands such as Perajh, driving narratives around exploration, hidden secrets, and ethical treatment of intelligent mechs amid bandit threats and personal quests. Episodes often depict Meridian's starry deserts and rugged terrains as backdrops for action-adventure plots involving young protagonist Pearl West and her mech ally Six, emphasizing themes of compassion and rebellion against exploitation. The 2014 real-time strategy video game Meridian: New World, developed by Elder Games and published by , centers on the alien planet Meridian as a mysterious, uninhabited world that harbors unforeseen dangers and conflicting factions. Players assume the role of commander Daniel Hanson, leading an expedition that uncovers distress signals and engages in , base-building, and tactical combat against emergent threats on the planet's varied biomes, blending sci-fi exploration with elements in a single-player . The game's narrative unfolds through missions that reveal Meridian's dark secrets, positioning the planet as a pivotal, enigmatic entity in a futuristic interstellar conflict.

Miscellaneous Applications

In technology, the term "Meridian" appears in several specialized applications beyond mainstream . One notable example is OpenNMS Meridian, a scalable open-source network management platform developed for monitoring and analyzing , including traffic discovery and alerting features; it builds on the core OpenNMS Horizon and was made commercially available in the mid-2010s to support enterprise-scale deployments. Another is Google's Meridian framework, an open-source tool released in the early 2020s for Bayesian causal inference modeling, particularly suited to processing large-scale geospatial data for applications like mapping and location analytics. In geographic information systems (GIS), Meridian Mapping offers solutions for custom data visualization and , emphasizing integration of imagery and vector data for environmental and projects. These tools leverage the conceptual precision of meridians in coordinate systems to enhance data accuracy in digital mapping. Symbolically, "meridian" denotes the or peak, as in the "meridian of ," referring to the prime or most vigorous period of one's existence; this usage derives from the Latin meridianus, meaning "of " or "southern," evoking the sun's highest point, and entered English by the through astronomical and astrological contexts. Its evolution in reflects a metaphorical shift from literal positioning to human vitality, appearing in 18th-century writings like Washington's , where he described those "passed the meridian of " as entering decline, underscoring themes of maturity and transience in Enlightenment-era . In , meridians symbolize exploration and global orientation, often depicted as vertical lines on terrestrial within coats of arms; for instance, augmentations of honor granted to circumnavigators include a with a meridian line passing north-south, signifying navigational mastery, as seen in historical grants by British monarchs. In horology, Meridian Watch Company, established in 2012 in Norfolk, England, produces hand-assembled timepieces using Swiss mechanical movements finished in-house, emphasizing British craftsmanship for durable, everyday wear; models like their classic divers highlight precision timing inspired by maritime meridians. Environmentally, the Prime Meridian Line in Greenwich Park, UK—a brass strip marking 0° longitude since 1884—undergoes ongoing conservation as part of the Royal Observatory's transformation project, launched in the 2020s to preserve its historical role in defining Greenwich Mean Time while integrating it into public education on global timekeeping. These applications illustrate "meridian" as a motif bridging precision, peak achievement, and heritage preservation.

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