Fact-checked by Grok 2 weeks ago

New Court

New Court is a complex of buildings situated on St Swithin's Lane in the , serving as the headquarters of N.M. & Sons since acquired the site in 1809. The location has hosted four successive structures bearing the name New Court, each rebuilt to accommodate the expanding operations of the banking house amid the dense, architecturally layered medieval alleyway. The first New Court, purchased for £750, saw key early events including the founding of the Alliance Assurance Company in 1824 and Nathan's funeral in 1836; it was replaced by a second building in Italian palazzo style designed by Thomas Marsh Nelson between 1860 and 1865, site of the 1875 Suez Canal share purchase and the inaugural London gold fixing in 1919. A third iteration, constructed from 1962 to 1965 by Robinson, introduced modern features like air conditioning and an extensive strongroom, before the current fourth building—designed by OMA led by and completed in 2011—unified staff operations with ten open-plan office floors, a raised central cube, roof garden, and an oak-paneled reading room for the Rothschild Archive. This enduring site underscores the Rothschilds' pivotal role in international finance over two centuries, from government loans and bond issuances to commodity markets, while adapting to contemporary needs without relocating from its historic core.

Site History and Incarnations

Establishment and First Incarnation (1809–1868)

In 1809, Nathan Mayer Rothschild, having built a successful textile trading business in Manchester, relocated to London and acquired the lease for No. 2 New Court in St Swithin's Lane for £750, establishing it as both his family's residence and the operational headquarters for his burgeoning financial interests. The site, a narrow medieval alley in the City of London proximate to the Bank of England and Royal Exchange, featured modest existing structures including a cantilevered cornice, covered colonnade, brick parapet, cock-loft, garrets, flats, and an attached warehouse, reflecting its origins as commercial and residential property rather than a purpose-built banking edifice. Rothschild moved his operations there in March 1809, formalizing N.M. Rothschild & Sons as a merchant bank specializing in bullion trading, foreign exchange, government securities, and loans, which leveraged his family's European network for efficient cross-border finance. The premises initially served dual purposes, housing Rothschild's family alongside clerical and trading activities, but by 1816, after the family relocated to Stamford Hill, New Court transitioned primarily to business use, underscoring its evolution into a dedicated financial hub. Key early transactions from the site included smuggling gold coin to Wellington's Peninsular army in 1814 and facilitating subsidy payments to European allies following Waterloo in 1815, demonstrating the firm's logistical prowess in wartime finance; in 1826, Rothschild's provision of gold reserves averted a liquidity crisis at the Bank of England. A new 21-year lease was secured in 1815 at £175 annually, stabilizing operations amid expansion into foreign government loans, railway financing, and the founding of the Alliance Assurance Company in 1824 within New Court's premises. By the 1850s, New Court employed 30 to 50 staff with annual salaries ranging from £50 to £500, handling a growing volume of , bills of exchange, and investments, though the aging structures prompted modifications such as the addition of an engraved stone to the frontage in 1841 per Surveyor requirements. Following Nathan's death in 1836—his funeral cortege of 75 carriages departing from the site—his son assumed leadership, continuing innovations in international and philanthropy, including organizing the British Relief Association in 1846 from his rooms there to aid Irish victims. The first incarnation concluded with reconstruction commencing in 1860, culminating in 1865 with a new Italian -style building designed by Thomas Marsh Nelson, which supplanted domestic-scale facilities to accommodate the firm's ascendant status while preserving the site's core footprint through 1868.

Second Incarnation (1868–1962)

The second New Court building, constructed between 1860 and 1865, replaced structure to symbolize N.M. Rothschild & Sons' prominence in issuing loans, spearheaded by senior partner . Designed by architect Thomas Marsh Nelson of the firm Nelson & Innes in a grand Italian style, the imposing edifice featured a wood-panelled Partners' Room for family members and shifted from the domestic character of the prior building to a more business-oriented facade. Extensions included a Dividend Office added in 1884, and by 1889, electric lighting was installed at a cost of £1,000 per month. During its tenure, the building hosted pivotal financial transactions, such as the 1875 £4 million loan facilitated by to enable British acquisition of shares, signed via cheque at New Court. Under Nathaniel "Natty" de Rothschild, who succeeded Lionel in 1879 and received a in 1885, the firm expanded into mineral resources; a notable 1889 incident involved Natty accessing the building via a first-floor amid crowds seeking Burma shares. The inaugural occurred there in 1919, establishing a mechanism for daily price setting that bolstered the bank's influence. The structure endured both World Wars, supporting war financing and refugee aid efforts, though operations relocated temporarily to Park in 1941 after bombings; a shelter was constructed by for staff protection. Leadership transitioned to partners including , , and in the mid-20th century, with staff expanding to over 300 by the early 1960s—nearly half women—amid growing business demands. However, the aging proved inadequate for modern workflows, lacking adaptability for expanded operations and contemporary office needs, leading to its complete demolition and rebuilding between 1962 and 1965.

Third Incarnation (1962–2011)

The third New Court was constructed between 1962 and 1965 to replace the aging second incarnation, a Victorian-era structure that had become outdated amid the firm's forward-looking expansion in the early . Initial considerations for vertical extensions were abandoned in favor of a complete rebuild to accommodate growing operational needs in London's financial district. Designed by the architectural firm , the building exemplified mid-20th-century modernist office architecture tailored for banking functions on the constrained site at St Swithin's Lane. It housed N.M. ' headquarters, supporting key activities such as advisory services and market operations during a period of post-war economic recovery and the firm's adaptation to evolving global finance. By the late 2000s, the structure proved inadequate for contemporary requirements, prompting its demolition starting in April 2008 to make way for a successor building completed in November 2011. This replacement addressed limitations in space, technology integration, and that had rendered the design obsolete.

Fourth Incarnation (2011–Present)

The fourth New Court building, completed in 2011, serves as the current headquarters of N.M. Rothschild & Sons Limited at St Swithin's Lane in the . This iteration replaced the third structure from the 1960s, which had become outdated, and was designed to accommodate the entire staff in a modern office environment while honoring the site's historical significance. Construction began prior to 2010, with the topping-out ceremony occurring that year and official completion in 2011. Designed by the Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) under , in collaboration with Allies and Morrison, the building spans approximately 14,492 square meters and integrates contemporary architecture with the medieval alley's context. Key features include an elevated structure that reinstates an 18th-century visual axis from St Swithin's Lane to church, previously obscured by prior developments. The design draws inspiration from the Palazzo Vecchio in , incorporating historical references such as an oak reading room dedicated to The Rothschild Archive. Since its opening, New Court has functioned as the operational base for Rothschild's activities, maintaining the firm's presence on the site occupied since 1809. The building's discreet integration into the dense urban fabric reflects the evolution of the headquarters across four incarnations, balancing functionality with preservation of the area's architectural heritage. No major structural changes have been reported as of 2025, underscoring its role in contemporary banking operations.

Architectural Evolution

Design Progression Across Buildings

The initial New Court, acquired by in 1809 for £750, featured a modest design typical of early commercial-residential structures, including a cantilevered , a covered on the south side with steps leading to it, a brick parapet, cock-lofts, garrets, and , serving initially as both family residence and business premises until 1816. This incarnation emphasized practicality over grandeur, reflecting the nascent stage of the Rothschild banking operations in a compact urban site on St. Swithin's Lane. The second iteration, completed in 1865 to designs by architect Thomas Marsh Nelson, marked a shift to a more imposing aesthetic in the grand Italian palazzo style, replacing the domestic character of the original with a business-oriented facade of rusticated stone, arched windows, and symmetrical massing suited to the firm's growing prestige during the . This rebuild incorporated modern amenities like electric lighting by 1889 and withstood bombings, underscoring a progression toward durability and symbolic authority amid expanding financial influence. By the third incarnation, rebuilt between 1962 and 1965 under Fitzroy Robinson, the design evolved into a functional modernist office block with seven floors above ground, two below, and an internal , prioritizing with features such as , a secure Chubb strongroom boasting over four billion lock combinations, and retained historic elements like partner room paneling. An additional storey added in 1984 for a new boardroom addressed spatial constraints, reflecting post-war emphases on vertical expansion and technological integration in the City of London's dense financial district, though the structure began showing age and inadequacy for full staff accommodation by the late . The fourth and current New Court, completed in 2011 by OMA under , represents a contemporary synthesis of historical allusion and innovation, drawing inspiration from the Palazzo Vecchio with a ten-storey steel-and-glass cube elevated above street level, unitized curtain walls for load-bearing efficiency, a landscaped roof terrace, and a glazed sky pavilion, while restoring views to the 18th-century church and incorporating an oak-paneled reading room for the Rothschild Archive. This progression—from intimate utility to Victorian monumentality, mid-century pragmatism, and 21st-century contextual —mirrors the site's adaptation to escalating banking demands, , and preservation of amid the architecturally layered environs of St. Swithin's Lane.

Modern Integration and Features

The fourth incarnation of New Court, completed in late 2011 and designed by OMA in collaboration with Allies and Morrison, represents a contemporary steel-and-glass structure elevated above street level to foster urban connectivity. This elevation creates a covered forecourt and recessed ground-level facade featuring a glass-and-aluminum , which widens the pavement along St. Swithin's Lane and establishes a transparent pedestrian passage linking the medieval alley to the adjacent churchyard of . By reinstating visual lines of sight previously obscured by prior buildings, the proportionally aligns its tower with the Wren-designed church's , embedding the modern edifice within the site's historical urban ensemble without dominating it. Internally, the building accommodates ten flexible open-plan office floors optimized for collaborative work, incorporating historical artifacts such as letters and sculptures to evoke the firm's legacy amid contemporary functionality. A rooftop garden provides outdoor amenity space, while the crowning glazed sky pavilion—a double-height housing three event rooms—offers panoramic views of and the City skyline, serving as a versatile executive and client facility. These elements underscore a deliberate fusion of efficiency, transparency, and contextual sensitivity, adapting the to modern banking operations while honoring the layered architectural of the location.

Financial Role and Achievements

Key Transactions and Innovations from New Court

N.M. Rothschild & Sons, operating from New Court in since 1809, facilitated the financing of Wellington's army during the in 1814 by securing a British government to gold coin to the , enabling rapid to troops. In 1825, the firm provided critical backing, including a loan and gold supplies, to avert the collapse of the amid a triggered by speculative overextension in Latin American bonds. By 1852, N.M. Rothschild & Sons acquired the lease to operate the Royal Mint Refinery, innovating in processing by refining and silver on an industrial scale until 1967, which enhanced London's position as a global hub for precious metals trade. The firm pioneered a networked international banking model, establishing agents like in in 1837 to facilitate cross-border information flow and , predating modern telecommunications. In 1871, the London house organized the structured repayment of France's 5 billion franc war indemnity to following the , issuing bonds that stabilized European credit markets through syndicated underwriting. Four years later, in 1875, it arranged a £4 million loan to the British government under Disraeli, enabling the purchase of 44% of the Suez Canal Company's shares from the of , a transaction that secured British strategic interests without immediate fiscal strain. Late 19th-century activities included financing resource extraction, such as investments in diamond mines via the secretive Exploration Company, an early form of specialized venture financing for ventures that diversified from government loans into commodities. The firm acted as fiscal agent for governments including , , and , issuing foreign loans and managing flows, which contributed to the development of standardized international bond issuance practices that reduced sovereign borrowing costs through reputational guarantees and family-wide coordination. These efforts exemplified causal mechanisms in , where trusted intermediaries lowered asymmetries and premiums in nascent global capital markets.

Gold Fixing and Market Influence

N.M. & Sons, headquartered at New Court in St Swithin's Lane, , hosted the inaugural on September 12, 1919, establishing a twice-daily mechanism to determine the global benchmark price for . The process involved five original members—N.M. & Sons as chair, along with & Goldsmid, Pixley & Abell, Montagu & Co., and Sharps Wilkins—meeting in a dedicated room at New Court to negotiate prices via an iterative bidding system until balanced. This fixing, conducted at 10:30 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. time, became the authoritative reference for international transactions, influencing derivatives, outputs, and reserves worldwide due to its role in stabilizing post-World War I markets amid disrupted supply chains from . Rothschild's chairmanship endowed New Court with pivotal market influence, as the firm initially held a near-monopoly on distributing newly mined from South African producers, funneled through its agency role and later reinforced by acquiring the Royal Mint Refinery in , which processed significant portions of global . This position allowed to shape fixing outcomes by controlling inflow volumes, with empirical analyses showing the mechanism's efficiency in converging prices toward equilibrium, even under constraints and wartime hoarding from 1919 to 1968. The firm's expertise extended to advising the on distribution during market reopenings post-1954, underscoring New Court's centrality in London's trade, which handled over 70% of global physical turnover by the late . In April 2004, N.M. Rothschild & Sons announced its withdrawal from commodities trading, including the gold fixing, citing declining profitability in bullion activities; the final fixing at New Court occurred on May 5, 2004, after which assumed the chairmanship and the process shifted to electronic formats under the Bullion Market Association. Despite the exit, Rothschild's historical stewardship at New Court contributed to the fixing's enduring credibility, with archival records confirming its role in maintaining transparent pricing amid volatile geopolitical influences on demand. Post-withdrawal, the mechanism evolved into the LBMA Price auction, preserving the twice-daily cadence but without New Court's physical venue.

Controversies and Alternative Perspectives

Allegations of Excessive Influence

Critics have long alleged that N.M. Rothschild & Sons, headquartered at New Court since 1809, exerted undue influence over British government policy through its advisory roles and personal connections. During the , , founder of the London branch, financed British military efforts with loans totaling millions of pounds, prompting claims that he manipulated bond markets by spreading false rumors of defeat at to buy low before news of victory arrived, though subsequent analyses attribute his profits more to efficient networks than deceit. In the , the bank's loans to governments, including £5 million to in amid a financial panic, fueled accusations of leveraging to sway , such as pressuring toward pro-Confederate stances during the , despite archival evidence showing limited success in altering official positions. These historical ties extended to political patronage, exemplified by Lionel de Rothschild's election to in after barriers to Jewish MPs were lifted, with detractors claiming family wealth bought legislative favor. Under Margaret Thatcher's privatization program in the 1980s, N.M. advised on high-profile deals including British Telecom's 1984 flotation, generating fees estimated in tens of millions while critics, including opponents, argued the firm's proximity to policymakers created insider advantages and skewed asset sales toward elite interests. Similar concerns arose in later government contracts, such as the 2013 advisory on restructuring and Royal Mail's sell-down, where selection of over competitors was questioned for potential conflicts given the firm's extensive networks. More recently, in 2008, Nathaniel Rothschild publicly accused Conservative shadow chancellor of improperly soliciting funds from during a meeting hosted by , allegations that spotlighted the family's role in facilitating high-level political-finance interactions and led to parliamentary scrutiny, though no wrongdoing was proven against Osborne. The 2020 hiring of former UK as a senior advisor drew criticism for exemplifying the "" between government and banking, potentially allowing undue sway over policy through ex-officials' insights. Such appointments, conducted from New Court, underscore persistent claims that the bank's enduring advisory mandate—spanning over two centuries—amplifies elite financial interests in public decision-making beyond competitive norms.

Conspiracy Narratives and Empirical Rebuttals

Conspiracy theories frequently portray New Court, the London headquarters of N.M. & Sons since 1809, as the epicenter of a shadowy exerting covert over finance, governments, and historical events. Proponents claim the , through operations at this site, manipulates central banks, engineers wars for profit—such as the alleged Waterloo coup by in 1815—and orchestrates modern phenomena like economic crashes or pandemics to consolidate power. These narratives often recycle antisemitic tropes dating to the , depicting Jewish financiers as puppet masters of world affairs, with New Court symbolizing their enduring dominance. Empirical evidence contradicts these assertions, revealing N.M. Rothschild & Sons as a specialized advisory firm rather than a omnipotent entity. The bank's total approximately €110 billion as of 2023, a fraction compared to giants like BlackRock's $10 trillion, underscoring limited scale rather than . Historical claims, such as the myth, lack primary documentation; British records show Nathan Rothschild financed Wellington's campaigns transparently via commissions, not , with no verifiable evidence of . Regarding central bank control, fact-checks confirm the Rothschilds hold no ownership stakes in institutions like the or major modern central banks, which operate under public oversight and national mandates. The family's influence waned post-World War I due to nationalizations, inheritance taxes, and competition from joint-stock banks, reducing N.M. Rothschild to boutique advisory roles in mergers and mining finance by the . Conspiracy persistence often stems from and low-credibility sources like anonymous forums, ignoring audited financial disclosures that demonstrate routine operations at New Court without geopolitical orchestration.

Critiques of Elite Banking Practices

Critics of elite investment banking practices argue that firms like N.M. Rothschild & Sons, operating from New Court, exemplify systemic conflicts of interest in advisory services, where high fees incentivize recommendations that may not align with client or public welfare. For instance, in privatization deals during the 1980s and 1990s, Rothschild advised on major UK asset sales, such as those under the Thatcher government, earning significant commissions—estimated in the tens of millions for transactions like British Telecom—while detractors contend these processes undervalued public assets, transferring wealth to private investors and contributing to infrastructure monopolies with subsequent service failures. Such practices, attributed to sources including economic analyses from institutions like the Institute for Fiscal Studies, highlight causal links between fee-driven incentives and suboptimal outcomes for taxpayers, though proponents counter that competitive bidding mitigated undervaluation risks. Internal scandals underscore critiques of lax oversight in elite . In 1992, Jürg Heer, a senior manager at Rothschild's arm, was arrested for embezzling approximately SFr55 million ($33 million at the time) through unauthorized loans and kickbacks to clients, exposing deficiencies in approval processes and risk controls that allowed personal enrichment at institutional expense. The incident, reported in financial outlets like Swissinfo and , prompted Heer's dismissal and legal proceedings, with the bank disclosing losses; analysts viewed it as symptomatic of elite banks' tolerance for high-risk, high-reward operations in opaque private client segments, potentially eroding trust without robust empirical reforms. Regulatory actions further illustrate ethical lapses in client advisory. In 2021, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission sanctioned Rothschild Investment Corporation, a group affiliate, with a $225,000 penalty for recommending mutual fund share classes carrying 12b-1 fees (averaging 0.25-1% annually) to over 100 clients from 2014 to 2018, despite lower-fee alternatives being available and undisclosed, breaching fiduciary duties under the Investment Advisers Act. This case, detailed in SEC administrative proceedings, exemplifies broader critiques—voiced by investor advocates and peer-reviewed finance literature—of fee-based conflicts in boutique advisory, where banks like Rothschild prioritize revenue streams over cost minimization, with data showing clients overpaid millions collectively; however, the firm's conservative culture has limited systemic exposure compared to larger trading-oriented peers. While mainstream critiques often emanate from left-leaning economic commentaries potentially amplified by institutional biases toward redistributive narratives, empirical data from regulatory filings and court records substantiate isolated but recurrent issues in elite practices, including revolving-door influences where ex-government advisors at firms like shape policy-favoring deals, as evidenced by historical advisory mandates exceeding 100 globally since 2011. These concerns persist despite the bank's focus on M&A and , where deal volumes—over 200 annually in recent years—generate fees averaging 1-2% of transaction values, prompting calls for greater to align incentives with long-term stability rather than short-term extraction.

References

  1. [1]
    The history of New Court - The Rothschild Archive
    New Court has been the home of the London house of Rothschild for over 200 years. There have been four buildings called New Court on the site.
  2. [2]
    New Court Rothschild Bank - OMA
    OMA's design for New Court is the fourth iteration of Rothschild's London headquarters, all of them built on the increasingly dense and architecturally rich ...
  3. [3]
    Rothschild Bank Headquarters / OMA | ArchDaily
    Dec 9, 2011 · New Court comprises a central cube of ten efficient and flexible open-plan office floors, which facilitate views over St. Stephen's and the ...<|separator|>
  4. [4]
    New Court | Projects - Stanhope PLC
    New Court is the fourth iteration of Rothschild's London headquarters, all of them built on the mediaeval alley of St. Swithin's Lane.
  5. [5]
    The Business ‹ London banking house - The Rothschild Archive
    In 1809, he establshed N M Rothschild at New Court in the City of London. [2] After the death of his brother Nathan in 1836, James took over the reins of ...
  6. [6]
    [PDF] Architecture & Finance
    Nov 2, 2021 · Carl Mayer Rothschild (1788-1855) set up business in Naples in 1821, leaving Amschel Mayer Roth- schild (1773-1855), to head the Frankfurt bank.
  7. [7]
    New Court, Rothschild Bank headquarters, London, by OMA
    Feb 2, 2012 · OMA's New Court, which replaces a 1960s Fitzroy Robinson design no longer fit for purpose, has been forged with this in mind. The great trick it ...
  8. [8]
    New Court Rothschild Bank - 20th-CENTURY ARCHITECTURE
    Swithin's Lane, a narrow medieval alley in the heart of the City. Nathan Rothschild established residence at New Court in 1809. In 1865 the first of two ...
  9. [9]
    New Court Rothschild Bank | Allies and Morrison
    We worked jointly with OMA to deliver a new home for Rothschild Bank on St Swithin's Lane in the hear of London's Square Mile.
  10. [10]
    The New Court Shield, c.1865 - The Rothschild Archive
    Nathan Mayer Rothschild, (1777-1836), first moved to New Court in 1809 from Manchester where he had established a branch of his father's Frankfurt merchant ...
  11. [11]
    Rothschild Bank headquarters by OMA with Allies and Morrison
    Jul 23, 2012 · OMA's design of New Court, lead by Partners-in-charge Ellen van Loon and Rem Koolhaas, reinstates a visual connection between St. Swithin's Lane ...Missing: reconstruction | Show results with:reconstruction
  12. [12]
    A Rothschild Building in London - The New York Times
    Jan 9, 2013 · At New Court, the London headquarters for Rothschild Bank designed by Ellen van Loon and Rem Koolhaas of OMA, St. Stephen Walbrook church appears beyond the ...
  13. [13]
    New Court Rothschild Bank | 2012-06-16 - Architectural Record
    The Rothschild family has occupied this discreet plot, called New Court, since 1809, and its new headquarters is the fourth building the private bank has ...
  14. [14]
    New Court Rothschild Bank OMA - To sample studio TextielLab
    In contrast to the modern building of steel and glass, OMA focused for the interior on the history of the banking family. Encompassing letters, sculptures and ...
  15. [15]
    New Court, Rothschild London HQ, by OMA - Wallpaper* Magazine
    Aug 16, 2022 · Taken in from Wallpaper* HQ, OMA's new home for Rothschild (the practice's first London building) seems the most exciting addition to the ...
  16. [16]
    N M Rothschild & Sons Limited - Company-Histories.com
    The following year, N M Rothschild opened at its New Court location, which remained the firm's home into the 20th century. By 1811, Rothschild sold off his ...<|control11|><|separator|>
  17. [17]
    Rothschild and gold
    The history of gold trading would be incomplete without the Rothschilds; and the history of the Rothschilds would be very different without gold.
  18. [18]
    The First Gold Fixing - LBMA
    This page from the Bank of England's daily prices book records the first London gold price fixing on Friday, 12th September 1919.
  19. [19]
    The New Court Vitrine: Mementoes of the Daily Gold Price Fixing c ...
    In April 2004, N M Rothschild & Sons Limited announced its withdrawal from commodities trading, including gold; in consequence of this decision the firm ...
  20. [20]
    The efficiency of the London Gold Fixing: from gold standard to ...
    Feb 20, 2025 · At 11:00am on 12 September 1919, the first London Gold Fixing auction took place at N. M. Rothschild & Son bank in St Swithin's Lane in the City ...<|separator|>
  21. [21]
    N M Rothschild & Sons: The Royal Mint Refinery, a golden opportunity
    Strengthened by its operation of the refinery, and later its role as Chair of the London gold fixing, Rothschild secured its relationship to bullion, which ...
  22. [22]
    [PDF] The Efficiency of the London Gold Fixing
    The members participating at the Gold Fixing auctions were the four bullion brokers and. Rothschilds. In the beginning Rothschilds were the sellers of all the ...<|separator|>
  23. [23]
    After the War is Over, The London Gold Market Reopens: 1954 – 1968
    Rothschild had the responsibility of picking up the gold from the Bank and distributing it to the other members of the market.” ... In addition to the sale of ...
  24. [24]
    Rothschild vacates golden chair | Business - The Guardian
    Apr 14, 2004 · NM Rothschild & Sons is giving up commodities trading and withdrawing from the twice-daily gold fixing.
  25. [25]
    Rothschild withdraws from gold fixing chair - The Times
    Apr 15, 2004 · NM ROTHSCHILD, the City merchant bank, is withdrawing from the twice-daily London gold fixing which it has chaired for the past 85 years.
  26. [26]
    Flag from the Gold Fixing Room, New Court, 2004
    N M Rothschild & Sons, the sole remaining original member of the London Gold Market decided to withdraw from the Gold Fixing in 2004; the last Fixing in ...
  27. [27]
    The London Gold Fix Guide and Information | BullionVault
    Swithins Lane in the City of London. Rothschild's bank chose to quit the gold market in 2004, explaining that "our income from commodities trading in London has ...
  28. [28]
    The Rothschilds and their 200 years of political influence
    Oct 23, 2008 · Nat Rothschild, the financier at the centre of allegations that threaten to engulf the shadow Chancellor, George Osborne, is no stranger to ...
  29. [29]
    Rothschild Family War of 1812 Conspiracy - Business Insider
    Jan 8, 2013 · Conspiracy theorists argue that Nathan's influence over financial affairs gave him the stature to force the entire nation into war. In England, ...
  30. [30]
    [PDF] “Interfered with by the state of the times” - The Rothschild Archive
    The Rothschilds have often been accused of supporting the Confederate cause and of attempting to influence the British government in their favour. Would the ...
  31. [31]
    Disraeli and the Rothschilds provide a study in the power of political ...
    Feb 3, 2023 · The diaries of Charlotte de Rothschild show, through her relationship with Mary Anne Disraeli, the complex emotional ties between politicians and their ...
  32. [32]
    Restoring The House of Rothschild - The New York Times
    Oct 27, 1996 · N. M. Rothschild & Sons is quartered in New Court, a nondescript office building on St. Swithin's Lane, an alley in London's business district.
  33. [33]
    THE PRIVATEERS OF PRIVATISATION » 15 Oct 1988 »
    Oct 15, 1988 · Insiders believe that one reason why Rothschilds failed to get the job of advising British Steel on its privatisation may have been that Sir ...<|separator|>
  34. [34]
    UK asks Rothschild to advise on possible RBS break-up | Reuters
    Jul 3, 2013 · The Treasury said on Wednesday Rothschild would provide financial advice on the case for transferring RBS's remaining toxic loans into a so- ...
  35. [35]
    UK turns to Rothschild for Royal Mail exit
    The UK government, which sold a 70% stake in the company in a highly controversial initial public offering in October 2013, issued a statement on Thursday ...
  36. [36]
    Rothschild & Co hires former top UK civil servant Mark Sedwill
    Dec 9, 2020 · Rothschild & Co said Sedwill would be advising the investment bank on its “strategic ambitions” as well as helping to advise clients across its ...Missing: controversy | Show results with:controversy
  37. [37]
    Advice Letter: Mark Sedwill, Supervisory Board Member, Rothschild ...
    May 4, 2022 · Lord Sedwill, former Cabinet Secretary and National Security Adviser, sought advice from the Advisory Committee on Business Appointments.Missing: controversy | Show results with:controversy
  38. [38]
    Rothschild conspiracy theory resurfaces, but family doesn't control ...
    Mar 1, 2024 · We rate the claim that the Rothschilds were behind the Federal Reserve, and they now control the global financial system, Pants on Fire!
  39. [39]
    False claims the Rothschild family owns central banks resurface online
    Jan 2, 2025 · Renewed claims that all but nine countries worldwide have a "Rothschild central bank" are false; most central banks are government entities.Missing: advisory controversy
  40. [40]
    Rothschild | #TranslateHate | AJC - American Jewish Committee
    Rothschild, based on the Rothschild family, can be used as an antisemitic trope against Jews.Missing: debunking | Show results with:debunking
  41. [41]
    Our Story and History - Rothschild & Co
    Led by David and Éric de Rothschild, family members and associates worked together across borders to rebuild the French business from the ground up, regaining ...
  42. [42]
    The Rothschild Family: A Legacy of Banking and Influence
    A history of the Rothschilds, a prominent German family that established banking and finance houses in Europe.Missing: innovations | Show results with:innovations
  43. [43]
    A wry look at the absurd origins of Rothschild conspiracy theories
    Sep 19, 2023 · The Rothschild family is not, and has never been, responsible for conspiracy theories. Conspiracy theorists were and are the responsible party.
  44. [44]
    Former Rothschild banker dies - SWI swissinfo.ch
    Feb 28, 2001 · A former Rothschild credit manager, Jürg Heer, who embezzled SFr55 million ($33 million) from the bank has died of an AIDS-related illness at the age of 65.
  45. [45]
    Fall guy or wise guy? Swiss private banker Juerg Heer - NY Press
    Feb 16, 2015 · Rothschild officials accused him of taking what they termed up-front "kickbacks" in exchange for making unsecured and unapproved loans to German ...
  46. [46]
    [PDF] Rothschild Investment Corporation - SEC.gov
    Sep 13, 2021 · From at least January 2014 through May 2018, Rothschild advised clients to purchase or hold4 mutual fund share classes that charged 12b-1 fees ...<|control11|><|separator|>
  47. [47]
    Fitch Upgrades Rothschild & Co Martin Maurel and N.M. Rothschild ...
    Apr 16, 2025 · Conservative Risk Management: The group benefits from a strong corporate culture and a long-term vision, partly driven by its stable family- ...
  48. [48]
    Success and failure in family firm internationalization: The case of ...
    Jun 5, 2025 · ... New Court in the City of London. By 1819, Nathan was focusing ... (NM Rothschild & Sons, 1838a). The Rothschild London and Paris Houses ...