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Patrick Manning

Patrick Augustus Mervyn Manning (17 August 1946 – 2 July 2016) was a Trinidadian politician and geologist who served as the fourth Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago from 1991 to 1995 and from 2001 to 2010.^[1] A member of the People's National Movement (PNM), he entered politics in 1971, rising to become energy minister in 1981 and party leader in 1986, succeeding George Chambers.^[1] Manning's leadership capitalized on Trinidad and Tobago's natural gas reserves during a petrochemical boom, implementing policies to stabilize the currency and expand the energy sector, which drove economic growth and positioned the nation as a regional exporter of liquefied natural gas.^[1] His governments pursued infrastructure development, including the construction of over 20,000 housing units and social welfare expansions that reduced poverty from approximately 36 percent in 2001.^[2] However, his terms were challenged by escalating violent crime and public corruption allegations, contributing to the PNM's unexpected defeat in the 2010 general election.^[1]

Early Life and Education

Childhood and Family Background

Patrick Augustus Mervyn Manning was born on August 17, 1946, in San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago, to Elaine Manning and Arnold Manning.^[3] ^[4] As the third child and only son in a family of modest means, Manning grew up in a working-class household in the industrial city of San Fernando during the post-World War II era, a period marked by economic challenges and anticipation of Trinidad and Tobago's independence from Britain in 1962.^[5] ^[6] His father, Arnold Manning, was an early supporter of the People's National Movement (PNM), the political party founded by Eric Williams that would later dominate Trinidadian politics and shape Manning's career.^[3] The family included at least two daughters: an older sister, Patricia Alecia Grace Manning, who died at age 17 as the firstborn child, and another sister, Pansetta Estephanie Marie Gayle.^[7] ^[4] Limited details exist on his mother's background, but the family's socioeconomic constraints underscored a childhood rooted in South Trinidad's urban environment, where Manning attended primary school locally before advancing to secondary education in the region.^[8]

Academic and Professional Beginnings

Manning completed his secondary education at Presentation College in San Fernando.^[9] He subsequently attended the University of the West Indies at its Mona campus in Jamaica, earning a Bachelor of Science degree with special honours in geology.^[10]^[8] Upon returning to Trinidad and Tobago, Manning entered the workforce in the energy sector, initially employed by Texaco Trinidad Incorporated as a refinery operator from 1965 to 1966.^[11] He later rejoined the company in its Geology Department from October 1969 to May 1971, where he became the first Black geologist employed by Texaco in Trinidad.^[12] This role leveraged his academic training amid the country's burgeoning petroleum industry, which was dominated by multinational firms like Texaco.^[13] Manning's professional experience in geological analysis and operations provided foundational expertise in resource exploration before his transition to politics in 1971.^[1]

Entry into Politics

Election to Parliament and Initial Roles

Manning entered politics in the 1971 Trinidad and Tobago general election, contesting the San Fernando East constituency as the People's National Movement (PNM) candidate. At age 24, he secured victory and became the youngest member of the House of Representatives.^[14]^[9] Upon election, Manning was appointed Parliamentary Secretary in the Ministry of Petroleum and Mines, serving from 1971 to 1973.^[12] In 1973, he transitioned to the role of Parliamentary Secretary to the Prime Minister under Eric Williams.^[12] These positions marked his initial involvement in government administration, focusing on energy sector oversight and executive support amid Trinidad and Tobago's oil boom era.^[14] Between 1973 and 1978, Manning held additional parliamentary secretary roles across ministries including Works and Transport, Industry, and others, gaining experience in infrastructure and economic development portfolios.^[14] He retained the San Fernando East seat in subsequent elections, maintaining continuous parliamentary service until 2015.^[14]

Rise Within the People's National Movement

Following the People's National Movement's (PNM) landslide defeat in the December 15, 1986, general election, where the party secured only three seats out of 36 amid widespread dissatisfaction with economic policies and leadership under Prime Minister George Chambers, Manning emerged as a key survivor, retaining his San Fernando East constituency.^[14]^[15] Chambers resigned as party leader shortly thereafter, prompting Manning's appointment as Leader of the Opposition in the House of Representatives due to his status as one of the few remaining PNM MPs.^[14]^[9] In early 1987, Manning was elected as the political leader of the PNM, marking a rapid ascent from a mid-level figure known primarily for his ministerial roles under Eric Williams and Chambers to the head of the party at age 40.^[14]^[15] This transition reflected internal party dynamics favoring younger, technically proficient leaders amid the PNM's need for renewal after over two decades in power, with Manning's background as a geologist and energy minister positioning him to address economic diversification challenges.^[16] Under Manning's leadership, the PNM underwent reorganization, focusing on grassroots revitalization and policy recalibration to regain public trust eroded by the 1986 rout, setting the stage for the party's return to government in 1991.^[16]^[17] His tenure as party leader, spanning from 1987 until 2010 with interruptions, underscored his consolidation of influence within the PNM's predominantly Afro-Trinidadian base and urban strongholds.^[14]

Ministerial Career

Positions Under Eric Williams

Following his election to Parliament as the Member for San Fernando East in the 1971 general election, Patrick Manning began his governmental roles under Prime Minister Eric Williams as a Parliamentary Secretary in multiple ministries between 1971 and 1978.^[14]^[18] These early appointments included responsibilities in areas such as works, transport, and related infrastructure development, reflecting Williams' emphasis on post-independence modernization projects.^[8] In 1976, Manning was specifically assigned as Parliamentary Secretary in the Ministry of Works, Transport, and Communications, a role he held until 1978, where he contributed to policy implementation in public infrastructure and connectivity amid Trinidad and Tobago's oil-driven economic growth. By 1978, he transitioned to a junior ministerial position in the Ministry of Finance, initially overseeing the maintenance portfolio before taking on responsibilities for the public service division, aiding in fiscal administration and civil service reforms during a period of expanding state bureaucracy.^[18]^[12] In 1979, Manning received an additional appointment as junior Minister in the Office of the Prime Minister, broadening his involvement in executive coordination under Williams' leadership until the latter's death in March 1981.^[12] These positions established Manning as a rising figure within the People's National Movement (PNM), groomed through hands-on administrative experience in key economic and operational sectors, though he remained outside full Cabinet rank during Williams' era.^[1]

Roles Under A.N.R. Robinson

During A.N.R. Robinson's tenure as Prime Minister from 1986 to 1991, Patrick Manning did not hold any ministerial or governmental roles, as the People's National Movement (PNM) had lost the 1986 general election to Robinson's National Alliance for Reconstruction (NAR). Instead, Manning served as Leader of the Opposition from 1986 to 1990, criticizing the NAR administration's policies amid economic challenges and internal divisions that led to the coalition's collapse in 1990.^[8] Robinson's presidency from 1997 to 2003 coincided with Manning's return to power. Following the December 10, 2001, general election, which resulted in an 18-18 seat tie between the PNM and United National Congress (UNC), President Robinson exercised his constitutional discretion to appoint Manning as Prime Minister on December 24, 2001, rather than the incumbent UNC leader Basdeo Panday. Robinson justified the decision on the basis of "moral and spiritual values," arguing that Manning demonstrated greater integrity and leadership suitability despite the electoral deadlock.^[19] ^[14] This appointment allowed Manning to form a minority government, which he stabilized through subsequent by-elections and the 2002 general election victory, serving as Prime Minister under Robinson until the president's term concluded on March 18, 2003.^[3]

Prime Ministerial Terms

First Term (1991–1995)

Patrick Manning led the People's National Movement (PNM) to victory in the Trinidad and Tobago general election held on December 16, 1991, securing 21 of the 36 seats in the House of Representatives.^[20] He was sworn in as prime minister the following day, December 17, 1991, succeeding A. N. R. Robinson's National Alliance for Reconstruction administration.^[21] The PNM's platform emphasized economic recovery through a shift toward pro-investment policies, presenting a slate of new candidates to distance from prior governance challenges.^[22] The administration prioritized economic liberalization, deregulating key sectors and floating the national currency to stabilize finances amid inherited fiscal pressures from low oil prices and post-1990 coup instability.^[22] ^[23] Efforts focused on attracting foreign direct investment and revitalizing the energy sector, particularly natural gas, under figures like Energy Minister Ken Julien, which laid groundwork for export growth.^[23] ^[6] These reforms contributed to macroeconomic stabilization, with unemployment declining from around 35% inherited from the previous regime and notable poverty reduction through expanded welfare programs.^[23] Urban renewal initiatives in Port of Spain included constructing thousands of low-income housing units and government offices, addressing decay in central areas.^[23] By mid-1995, the PNM's parliamentary majority had eroded to a single seat due to by-election losses and internal shifts, prompting Manning to declare a state of public emergency in August amid capital unrest and call snap elections a year early.^[24] On November 6, 1995, the PNM secured 48.8% of the popular vote but only 15 seats, as the United National Congress captured 17 seats and formed the government under Basdeo Panday; two seats went to the NAR.^[25] ^[24] Manning's term ended on November 9, 1995, marking a narrow defeat attributed in part to ethnic voting patterns and dissatisfaction with reform pace despite economic gains.^[26]

Opposition Leadership (1995–2001)

Following the 1995 general election, called prematurely by Manning on November 6, 1995—one year ahead of its constitutional due date—the People's National Movement (PNM) secured 17 seats in the 36-member House of Representatives, tying with the United National Congress (UNC) led by Basdeo Panday. President A. N. R. Robinson appointed Panday as Prime Minister on November 9, 1995, citing the UNC's slight edge in popular vote share (45.7% to PNM's 43.3%), enabling the UNC to form a minority government with support from independents. Manning retained his parliamentary seat in San Fernando East and assumed the position of Leader of the Opposition on November 6, 1995, a role he held until December 24, 2001.^[14]^[15] As Leader of the Opposition, Manning directed PNM parliamentary efforts to challenge UNC governance, emphasizing accountability in areas such as economic policy amid oil price fluctuations and public sector fiscal pressures, as well as escalating crime rates that saw homicide figures rise from 111 in 1995 to over 250 by 1998 under Panday's administration. He maintained his position as PNM political leader, steering party reorganization and public outreach to rebuild support eroded by the election setback, including internal elections that reaffirmed his leadership. Manning's opposition tenure involved tabling motions and debates critiquing UNC handling of infrastructure delays and alleged administrative inefficiencies, though specific parliamentary records highlight routine oversight rather than major legislative blocks.^[27]^[28] The period culminated in the December 11, 2000, general election, where the PNM under Manning won 16 seats to the UNC's 19, retaining a strong urban and northern base but failing to dislodge the government. A subsequent 2001 election on December 10 again produced a 18-18 tie (with one NAR seat), prompting President Robinson to reappoint Manning as Prime Minister on December 24, 2001, based on his prior experience and coalition potential, ending Manning's opposition phase.^[14]^[15]

Second Term (2001–2010)

![Patrick Manning in 2008](./assets/Patrick_Manning_2008_cropped Following a disputed general election on December 10, 2001, in which the People's National Movement (PNM) secured 20 seats to the United National Congress's (UNC) 19 and the National Alliance for Reconstruction's 1, the UNC alleged voting irregularities and boycotted Parliament.^[29] The Supreme Court upheld Manning's claim to form a government, leading to his swearing-in as Prime Minister on December 24, 2001.^[20] A subsequent election on October 7, 2002, resulted in an 18-18 tie between PNM and UNC, with three independents. President A.N.R. Robinson appointed Manning as Prime Minister, prompting an UNC walkout and a no-confidence motion. Manning prorogued Parliament in April 2002 amid the deadlock.^[29] By late 2002, defections from UNC members provided Manning with a working majority, stabilizing his administration until the 2007 election, where PNM won 26 seats to UNC's 15.^[9] Manning's government pursued economic diversification beyond petroleum, capitalizing on a natural gas boom that drove real GDP growth averaging approximately 7% annually from 2002 to 2008.^[30] GDP at constant prices increased 74% from TT$53.5 billion in 2001 to TT$93.2 billion in 2010, fueled by expansions in liquefied natural gas (LNG) production and exports, particularly to the United States.^[2] Policies emphasized downstream industries, including petrochemicals and fertilizers, alongside foreign investment incentives.^[31] In 2003, Manning launched Vision 2020, a national strategic plan aiming to transform Trinidad and Tobago into a developed nation by 2020 through investments in human capital, technology, and infrastructure.^[32] The initiative targeted sectors like information technology, tourism, and creative industries to reduce hydrocarbon dependency, though implementation faced criticism for uneven progress and incomplete projects by the term's end.^[33] Significant infrastructure developments included extensions to the Solomon Hochoy Highway, construction of the Port of Spain deep-water port, upgrades to water and electricity utilities, and new hospitals such as the Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex expansions.^[34] Preparations for the 2007 ICC Cricket World Cup involved building or renovating stadiums, including the Queen's Park Oval and new facilities in Tobago, alongside transportation improvements.^[35] These projects, often financed by energy revenues, aimed to enhance connectivity and public services but drew scrutiny for cost overruns and debt accumulation. Crime emerged as a persistent challenge, with homicide rates surging from 151 in 2001 to over 500 by 2009, marking a roughly 300% increase.^[36] Kidnappings for ransom and gang-related violence escalated, exacerbated by deportees from the U.S. and socioeconomic factors.^[37] Manning's responses included establishing special anti-crime units, increasing police funding, and international cooperation with agencies like the FBI and UK Metropolitan Police, though effectiveness was limited amid allegations of police corruption and inadequate intelligence.^[37] On the international stage, Manning hosted the 5th Summit of the Americas in April 2009 in Port of Spain, facilitating U.S.-Cuba dialogue.^[38] His administration advanced Caribbean integration via CARICOM, advocating for economic union and climate resilience, while maintaining strong ties with energy partners like the U.S. and emerging investors from China.^[28] Despite economic gains, rising crime and perceptions of administrative opacity contributed to public discontent by 2010.^[9]

Defeat in the 2010 Election

Prime Minister Patrick Manning dissolved Parliament on April 8, 2010, and called a snap general election for May 24, 2010, despite the PNM's majority government having been elected in 2007 with a term extending into 2011.^[39] The abrupt timing, occurring amid the Uff Commission's inquiry into alleged corruption in public infrastructure projects, was widely viewed as a strategic gamble to leverage economic gains from elevated oil and gas prices, but it instead unified fragmented opposition forces under the People's Partnership coalition led by Kamla Persad-Bissessar.^[40] The election delivered a resounding defeat to the PNM, which secured only 12 of the 41 seats in the House of Representatives, compared to 29 for the People's Partnership; voter turnout reached approximately 67%.^[41] Key factors included widespread public frustration with escalating crime rates—Trinidad and Tobago recorded over 470 murders in 2009—and accusations of mismanagement and graft in handling energy sector revenues, despite GDP growth averaging 7% annually from 2002 to 2008.^[40]^[39] On election night, Manning conceded defeat, assuming full responsibility for the outcome and praising the democratic process, though he later reflected that the call reflected his desire to let voters decide amid mounting pressures.^[42] The loss marked the end of Manning's leadership of the PNM government, with Persad-Bissessar sworn in as Trinidad and Tobago's first female prime minister on May 26, 2010.^[43]

Key Policies and Regional Initiatives

Domestic Economic Diversification and Infrastructure

During his second term as Prime Minister (2001–2010), Patrick Manning prioritized economic diversification to reduce Trinidad and Tobago's heavy reliance on hydrocarbons, which accounted for over 40% of GDP and nearly 80% of exports in the early 2000s.^[44] This was formalized through the Vision 2020 National Strategic Plan, launched in 2003 following consultations involving over 600 stakeholders, which set a goal of achieving developed-nation status by 2020 via five pillars: developing innovative people, nurturing a caring society, enabling competitiveness (emphasizing non-energy sector growth), managing the environment, and investing in public infrastructure and human capital.^[45]^[46] The plan targeted increasing the non-energy sector's share in GDP, employment, and exports through incentives for manufacturing, services, and creative industries.^[47] Key diversification measures included incentives for shipbuilding and marine repair industries, leveraging the country's strategic location and existing port facilities to create labor-intensive jobs and export opportunities.^[48] Manning's administration also promoted information and communications technology (ICT) development, aiming for world-class telecommunications infrastructure to foster a knowledge-based economy, alongside efforts in tourism and agriculture to broaden revenue streams.^[46] However, these initiatives faced challenges from global oil price volatility, which encouraged continued energy investments over non-energy risks, limiting progress in shifting economic risk factors away from commodities.^[49] Infrastructure investments complemented diversification by addressing bottlenecks that hindered non-energy growth, as highlighted by IMF assessments.^[44] Major projects under Manning included extensions to the Solomon Hochoy Highway, upgrades to public utilities such as water treatment plants and power generation (e.g., the 720 MW Trinidad Generation Unlimited plant in La Brea, initiated in the late 2000s), and expansions of key facilities like Piarco International Airport and port infrastructure.^[34]^[13] Additional works encompassed new roads, bridges, hospitals (including the Couva Medical and Multi-Training Facility groundwork), and urban renewal in Port of Spain to support business competitiveness.^[50]^[51] Evaluations of these efforts indicate mixed results; while GDP grew at an average of 7-8% annually from 2003 to 2008, driven partly by energy booms, non-energy diversification remained modest, with the sector's export share stagnating below 20%.^[44] By 2010, only 18.5% of Vision 2020 activities were fully completed, with 51.6% ongoing, reflecting implementation gaps amid fiscal strains from the 2008 global recession and domestic inefficiencies.^[52] Independent analyses, including from the Inter-American Development Bank, noted that while infrastructure laid foundations for potential growth, sustained diversification required deeper reforms in business environment and skills development, which were not fully realized under Manning's tenure.^[53]^[47]

Caribbean Integration Efforts

During his premierships, particularly the second term from 2001 to 2010, Patrick Manning actively championed deeper integration within the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), viewing it as essential for economic resilience and collective bargaining power in global trade. As Chairman of the Conference of Heads of Government in 2005–2006, he emphasized CARICOM's status as the oldest surviving integration movement in the developing world and urged member states to advance beyond economic cooperation toward fuller unity.^[54] A key initiative under Manning's leadership was the formal launch of the CARICOM Single Market (CSM), the first phase of the Caribbean Single Market and Economy (CSME), on February 1, 2006. In a statement delivered in Kingston, Jamaica, on January 31, 2006, Manning highlighted the signing by six founding states—Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago—as a milestone enabling free movement of goods, services, capital, and skilled labor, with plans to expand to other members. He credited prior efforts under the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas (2001) and expressed optimism for the subsequent Single Economy phase, which would include coordinated macroeconomic policies and a shared currency. By June 2006, Manning voiced satisfaction with CSM implementation progress, asserting that the integration movement remained robust and poised for intensification.^[54]^[55]^[56] Manning extended his vision beyond economic measures by proposing a political union in 2008, initially framed as a "coalition of the willing" between Trinidad and Tobago and the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) members, but open to all CARICOM nations. The draft, released by Trinidad and Tobago's Foreign Affairs Ministry, outlined shared sovereignty in foreign policy, defense, and economic planning, including a common external tariff and eventual single citizenship, to counter global economic blocs. From August 2008, Manning toured five CARICOM states to build consensus, securing expressions of interest from OECS leaders and expanding discussions to include economic union elements like joint infrastructure projects. Despite endorsements from figures like Guyana's President Bharrat Jagdeo for Manning's "uncompromising belief" in integration, the proposal encountered resistance over sovereignty concerns and did not advance to formal establishment by the end of his term.^[57]^[58]^[59]^[60] Posthumous tributes from CARICOM officials underscored Manning's role in sharing Trinidad and Tobago's resources—such as energy expertise—to aid smaller states, reinforcing his commitment to practical integration over rhetoric.^[61]^[62]

Controversies and Criticisms

Corruption Allegations in the Administration

During Patrick Manning's second term as Prime Minister (2001–2010), his administration faced multiple allegations of corruption, particularly in large-scale infrastructure and public procurement projects, which contributed to declining public support and his electoral defeat in 2010. Critics, including opposition leaders from the United National Congress (UNC), accused the government of systemic irregularities in contract awards and oversight failures at state entities like the Urban Development Corporation of Trinidad and Tobago (Udecott).^[40]^[63] These claims were amplified amid revelations of cost overruns in projects such as high-rise developments in Port of Spain, where initial budgets ballooned without adequate transparency.^[63] A prominent scandal involved the Piarco International Airport expansion project, initiated under the prior UNC government but investigated extensively during Manning's tenure. In 2002, Manning's administration commissioned American investigator Claude Lindquist, whose interim report highlighted potential fraud, overpricing, and political influence in contract selections worth hundreds of millions of U.S. dollars.^[64] U.S. authorities later pursued charges against involved parties, resulting in convictions for fraud linked to the project, including a 2023 Florida appeals court upholding a jury verdict against Canadian businessman Peter Ferguson for schemes involving inflated contracts from the late 1990s to early 2000s.^[64]^[65] Despite appointing commissions of enquiry—costing taxpayers an estimated TT$10 million—the full Piarco report was not publicly released during Manning's time in office, fueling accusations of a cover-up.^[66] The Uff Commission of Enquiry, established in 2009 into Udecott's operations, uncovered "serious concerns" over procurement processes, including non-competitive bidding and undocumented decisions in projects valued at billions of Trinidad and Tobago dollars.^[67] Chaired by UK engineer John Uff, the commission's March 2010 report—submitted to Manning shortly before the election—recommended reforms to combat corruption in the construction sector, marking the first instance of a Trinidadian government publishing such a full enquiry report.^[67]^[68] However, opposition figures alleged delays in its release and implementation, with Manning accused of shielding allies like Udecott executive chairman Calder Hart from accountability amid whistleblower claims of kickbacks and favoritism.^[69]^[70] Additional incidents included the 2006 resignation of Energy Minister Eric Williams amid bribery charges related to contracts, paralleling scandals that had toppled the previous UNC administration.^[71]^[72] In the Cleaver Heights housing project, questions arose over TT$10 million in expenditures disclosed by Manning in Parliament in September 2009, prompting the Uff Commission to probe potential misuse of funds.^[73] While Manning's government initiated investigations and denied personal involvement, Transparency International's 2003 Corruption Perceptions Index ranked Trinidad and Tobago 43rd out of 133 countries, reflecting ongoing perceptions of graft in public administration under his leadership.^[74] No charges were filed against Manning himself, but these episodes eroded trust, with international outlets like The New York Times noting corruption accusations as a factor in his 2010 ouster.^[1]

Handling of Crime and Security

During Patrick Manning's second term as Prime Minister (2001–2010), Trinidad and Tobago faced a sharp escalation in violent crime, with homicides rising from 142 in 2001 to a peak of 550 in 2008, reflecting a murder rate that climbed from approximately 11 per 100,000 population in 2000 to over 40 per 100,000 by 2008.^[75]^[76] Kidnappings for ransom also surged, reaching 51 reported cases in 2006 amid gang-related turf wars fueled by the drug trade and firearms proliferation.^[77] This spike contrasted with lower rates under the preceding UNC administration, where murders dropped to 93 in 1999, highlighting a failure to reverse post-2000 trends despite economic growth from oil revenues.^[78] The administration responded with measures including the creation of the Special Anti-Crime Unit of Trinidad and Tobago (SAUT) in 2002 to target organized crime, enhanced police-military joint patrols, and legislative pushes for anti-gang laws and witness protection.^[79] In 2005, Manning sought external aid by requesting assistance from Scotland Yard and the FBI to combat the crime wave, leading to training programs and intelligence sharing.^[37] Regionally, Manning advocated for CARICOM's Implementation Agency for Crime and Security (IMPACS) to facilitate cross-border intelligence and mutual assistance against transnational threats like drug trafficking.^[80] Despite these initiatives, homicide numbers remained elevated, with 509 murders in 2009 and 485 in 2010, as seizures of illegal firearms slowed and gang violence persisted in urban hotspots like Laventille and Beetham.^[75] Critics, including opposition figures, pointed to deficiencies in intelligence gathering, alleged police corruption, and over-reliance on reactive policing rather than addressing root causes such as youth unemployment and weak border controls.^[81] Manning defended the record by emphasizing sustained reductions in kidnappings post-2006 and crediting later appointees like National Security Minister Martin Joseph for aggressive enforcement, though public perception of insecurity contributed significantly to the PNM's 2010 electoral loss.^[79]^[82] In his first term (1991–1995), crime pressures were comparatively lower, with murders averaging under 150 annually, allowing focus on foundational policing reforms amid economic deregulation.^[76]

Evaluations of Economic Management

During Patrick Manning's second term as Prime Minister from 2001 to 2010, Trinidad and Tobago experienced robust economic growth driven primarily by surging global oil and natural gas prices, which fueled energy sector revenues and enabled fiscal expansions. Annual GDP growth averaged approximately 6% over the period, peaking at 13.2% in 2003 and 12.4% in 2006, reflecting investments in downstream energy projects such as liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities and petrochemical plants that enhanced export capacity.^[83] Public debt was reduced from over 60% of GDP in 2001 to 28% by 2008, while external debt fell from 17% to 5% of GDP, supported by the establishment and capitalization of the Heritage and Stabilisation Fund (HSF) in 2000, which ring-fenced excess energy revenues for stabilization and intergenerational savings, amassing billions in assets.^[84] ^[85] The International Monetary Fund commended macroeconomic management in 2006 for prudent fiscal policies amid high commodity prices.^[44] Supporters credit Manning's administration with leveraging the energy windfall for infrastructure development, including highways, hospitals, and educational facilities under Vision 2020, which aimed to position Trinidad and Tobago as a developed nation by 2020 through diversification into non-energy sectors.^[31] These efforts contributed to social transformations, such as expanded access to tertiary education and poverty reduction, with per capita GDP rising significantly during the boom years.^[23] Critics, however, argue that the government squandered revenues through extravagant mega-projects marred by cost overruns and opacity, such as developments overseen by state entities like UDeCOTT, contributing to perceptions of fiscal imprudence despite HSF safeguards.^[40] Economic diversification remained limited, leaving the nation vulnerable to the 2008 global downturn, when GDP contracted by 3.2% in 2009 as energy prices plummeted, exposing overreliance on hydrocarbons and inadequate preparation for volatility.^[83] Opposition figures and analysts contended that higher savings rates and broader non-energy investments could have mitigated post-boom deficits, with public discontent over spending fueling Manning's 2010 electoral defeat.^[86] ^[40]

Later Life, Death, and Legacy

Health Decline and Resignation from Parliament

Manning suffered a mild stroke on January 23, 2012, which led to his hospitalization and subsequent medical leave from parliamentary duties.^[87] The incident marked the onset of significant health challenges that curtailed his active participation in politics, with his office describing it as a minor event initially, though it resulted in partial paralysis and required ongoing rehabilitation.^[88] Following the stroke, Manning experienced recurrent complications, including a seizure in August 2012 that necessitated further hospital treatment and physical therapy abroad at Walter Reed Hospital in Washington, D.C., for several weeks.^[89] In February 2013, he collapsed at his San Fernando East constituency office, an episode attributed to long-term effects of the stroke, prompting another rush to the hospital and extended absence from Parliament.^[88] These incidents, combined with prior cardiac procedures—a heart surgery in 1998 and pacemaker installation in 2004—contributed to a pattern of frequent medical leaves granted by Speaker Wade Mark, including multiple 90-day extensions, allowing Manning to retain his seat as MP for San Fernando East while largely absent from sessions.^[90]^[91] By early 2015, amid preparations for the general election, Manning's deteriorating health prevented his participation in the People's National Movement's (PNM) candidate screening process for San Fernando East. On February 11, 2015, he informed PNM political leader Keith Rowley in writing of his decision to quit politics, citing health reasons, thereby vacating his parliamentary role without seeking re-nomination and ending a 44-year tenure as MP that began in 1971.^[92] This step-down was influenced by his inability to fulfill constituency and legislative duties effectively, as noted in contemporary critiques urging resignation to allow representation by a fully active member.^[93] Manning briefly returned to Parliament in January 2014 after a two-year absence but did not sustain regular attendance thereafter.^[94]

Death and State Funeral

Patrick Manning died on July 2, 2016, at the San Fernando General Hospital in Trinidad and Tobago, at the age of 69.^[95] He had been diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia the previous day and passed away at 8:15 a.m., surrounded by his wife Hazel Manning and immediate family.^[1] ^[96] This followed a period of declining health, including a mild stroke suffered in January 2012.^[97] The government of Trinidad and Tobago declared a state funeral for Manning, scheduled for July 9, 2016, at the Cathedral Church of the Holy Trinity in Port of Spain, commencing at 10:00 a.m.^[98] Public viewing of his body occurred prior to the service at the Southern Academy for the Performing Arts, allowing citizens to pay respects.^[99] The ceremony, presided over as chief celebrant by Bishop Claude Berkley of the Anglican Diocese of Trinidad and Tobago, included eulogies and addresses, notably from then-Prime Minister Keith Rowley.^[100] It drew several hundred attendees, encompassing national political figures, regional leaders from CARICOM states, family members, and friends, reflecting Manning's stature as a two-term prime minister.^[101] ^[102] Following the state funeral, a private burial took place for the family.^[103] Traffic restrictions were implemented in Port of Spain to accommodate the procession and service.^[104]

Assessments of Enduring Impact

Manning's administration capitalized on the global energy boom of the 2000s to expand downstream gas processing, including ammonia, urea, methanol, and LNG facilities, which solidified Trinidad and Tobago's position as the world's largest exporter of certain petrochemicals and contributed to enduring foreign exchange earnings even after the 2014 oil price decline. This shift from oil dominance to a gas-based economy, initiated in his second term (2001–2010), saw GDP rise 74% from TT$53.5 billion to TT$93.2 billion and per capita income double from US$6,800 to US$15,600, with poverty falling from 36% to 21%.^[2]^[105] However, the reliance on energy revenues without broader diversification left the economy exposed to commodity cycles, exacerbating fiscal strains post-boom. In education, the 2004 launch of the Government Assistance for Tuition Expenses (GATE) program provided free tertiary tuition, boosting enrollment from under 10% of the relevant age cohort in 2000 to over 30% by 2010, with the policy enduring under subsequent governments and enabling thousands from lower-income backgrounds to access universities.^[27] The founding of the University of Trinidad and Tobago (UTT) in 2004 further institutionalized technical and vocational training aligned with energy sector needs, producing graduates who sustained industrial growth.^[2] Infrastructure legacies include over 20,000 public housing units constructed, the National Academy for the Performing Arts (opened 2006), and Port of Spain revitalization projects like the waterfront redevelopment, which modernized urban spaces and cultural facilities still in use today.^[23]^[2] Yet, the Vision 2020 strategic plan (adopted 2003), targeting developed-nation status by 2020 through ambitious investments, yielded incomplete results; while it spurred short-term growth, the goal was abandoned in 2011 amid persistent challenges like unemployment above 5% and inequality.^[52]^[106] Critics assess that unchecked public spending—national debt rose from 25% of GDP in 2002 to over 40% by 2010—fueled vanity projects with questionable returns, such as stalled aluminum smelters, while crime rates surged 150% during his tenure (homicides from 172 in 2001 to 473 in 2009), a trend that has not reversed.^[23]^[107] Supporters, including PNM affiliates, emphasize poverty reduction and welfare expansions like subsidized healthcare via the Chronic Disease Assistance Programme, attributing enduring social mobility to these reforms despite implementation flaws.^[2] Overall, Manning's impact is viewed as transformative in energy and education but limited by fiscal imprudence and security lapses, with local media and analysts debating whether boom-era gains justified long-term vulnerabilities.^[23]^[33]

References

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Patrick Manning, Former Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago ...
Jul 3, 2016 · Patrick Manning, a geologist who led the resource-rich Caribbean nation of Trinidad and Tobago as prime minister through a boom in its petrochemical industry.Missing: biography | Show results with:biography<|separator|>
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Successes, legacies of the Hon Patrick Manning - Trinidad Guardian
He opened up housing to thousands of citizens by building over 20,000 dwelling units. He decreased the poverty rate from approximately 36 per cent in 2001 to ...Missing: controversies | Show results with:controversies
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Manning, Patrick | Encyclopedia.com
Manning, Patrick August 17, 1946 Patrick Mervyn Augustus Manning, the third child and only son of Elaine and Arnold Manning, was born in Trinidad.
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Patrick Augustus Mervyn Manning (1946 - 2016) - Genealogy - Geni
Apr 26, 2022 · Patrick Augustus Mervyn Manning (1946 - 2016). Birthdate: August 17, 1946. Birthplace: San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago.
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Former Trinidad & Tobago prime minster Manning dies at 69
Jul 2, 2016 · Born to poor parents in 1946 in San Fernando, the country's industrial capital, Manning was a child when Trinidad and Tobago moved toward ...
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Jul 7, 2016 · Born to poor parents in 1946 in San Fernando, he was a child when Trinidad and Tobago moved toward independence from Britain in 1962. He ...<|separator|>
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Historian wants Manning buried in Sando - Trinidad Guardian
His sister, Patricia Alecia Grace Manning, died when she was only 17. She was the Mannings' first born. Manning (Patrick) was their first son and second child.
[8]
Patrick Manning - TT Parliament
Born in San Fernando in 1946, Mr. Manning attained his primary and secondary education in South Trinidad, followed by his B.Sc. Degree (Special Honours) in ...
[9]
Four decades of service to T&T - Trinidad Guardian
Patrick Augustus Mervyn Manning was born in San Fernando on August 17, 1946. He received his secondary education at Presentation College, San Fernando, and ...
[10]
Patrick Manning biography to be launched on June 9
Jun 2, 2024 · The Parliament's website says Manning, who was born and raised in San Fernando, had a degree in geology from UWI, Mona, in Jamaica. It adds he ...
[11]
Early Life – Life of Patrick Manning
Degree in Geology in which he graduated with honours. Mr. Manning worked with Texaco Trinidad Incorporated from 1965 to 1966, where he was a refinery operator ...
[12]
[PDF] Patrick Manning | TT Parliament
By the general elections of 1991 the PNM had presented a slate of new candidates with a major policy shift, focusing on encouraging foreign investment,.
[13]
The Manning legacy in energy - Trinidad Guardian
Patrick Manning casts a long shadow over the political landscape of T&T. Prior to his entry into politics he worked as a geologist at Texaco. Among the ...
[14]
Mr. Patrick Manning - TT Parliament
In 1991 Mr. Manning was appointed Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago. He would again be appointed Prime Minister in 2001, 2002 and 2007. Mr.
[15]
Patrick Manning...39 years in active politics - Trinidad Guardian
1. 1946 - Born in San Fernando · 2. Married to Hazel Manning. · 3. Attained his primary and secondary education in south Trinidad, followed by his BSc Degree ( ...
[16]
The contrasting leadership styles of Rowley and Manning
May 6, 2025 · Ford said Manning was tasked with rebuilding the PNM after its 33-3 defeat to the National Alliance for Reconstruction in 1986. He pointed ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[17]
Patrick Manning's long road to redemption - Caribbean Life
Feb 26, 2015 · Manning is known to have been proud of the work he did after first assuming leadership of the PNM. It was in 1986, in wake of the party ...
[18]
'The Patrick Manning we know' - Trinidad Guardian
Patrick Manning is a polemical political figure. He inspires ... After graduation he returned to Trinidad where he worked as a geologist for Texaco ...
[19]
Why Robinson picked Manning as PM - Trinidad Guardian
Former president Arthur NR Robinson has explained his reasons for appointing Patrick Manning as prime minister in December 2001 after the PNM/UNC 18/18 tie at ...Missing: roles | Show results with:roles
[20]
Freedom in the World 2002 - Trinidad and Tobago - Refworld
Dec 18, 2001 · Overview. At the end of 2001, Trinidad and Tobago was plunged into a major political crisis after Prime Minister Basdeo Panday of the United ...
[21]
[PDF] TRINIDAD & TOBAGO - Systemic Peace
The NAR was soundly defeated by the PNM in the general election held on December 16, 1991;. Patrick Manning was sworn in as Prime Minister on December 17.Missing: victory | Show results with:victory
[22]
Freedom in the World 1999 - Trinidad and Tobago - Refworld
In December 1991 Patrick Manning led the PNM to victory by taking 21 of 36 parliamentary seats. Manning's government deregulated the economy and floated the ...
[23]
Revisiting Mr Manning's legacy | Opinion | trinidadexpress.com
Jul 8, 2016 · Manning was indeed responsible for much of the economic and social transformation of Trinidad and Tobago. This was particularly so in the 1991- ...
[24]
parliamentary elections House of Representatives, 1995
Background and outcome of elections: In August 1995, the Government of Prime Minister Patrick Manning (People's National Movement - PNM) declared a state of ...
[25]
Manning tempts fate once more - Trinidad Guardian
Prime Minister Patrick Manning would surely remember November 6, 1995. Manning's People's National Movement (PNM) polled 48.8 per cent of the votes cast.
[26]
[PDF] Ethnicity and Elections in the Caribbean
Politics in Trinidad, like the economy, developed in terms of the underlying ethnic delineations in the state. When democratic politics brought mass ...
[27]
1995 Trinidad and Tobago general election - Wikipedia
Early general elections were held in Trinidad and Tobago on 6 November 1995, after the ruling People's National Movement had seen its majority reduced to a ...
[28]
[PDF] Tribute to Former Prime Minister Patrick Manning August 17, 1946 ...
Jul 2, 2016 · Manning was born on August 17th, 1946 and, but for the times when he served this country as Prime Minister and resided in Port of. Spain, ...
[29]
Patrick Manning: For T&T and as Caribbean man
Manning was a geologist by training, but a politician by choice. He once said he had forgotten most of what he learnt as a geology student at Mona, Jamaica's ...Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
[30]
Trinidad and Tobago profile - Timeline - BBC News
Oct 17, 2022 · 1991 - Patrick Manning becomes prime minister after his PNM party wins general election. 1995 - Indian-based United National Congress (UNC) and ...
[31]
Trinidad and Tobago (06/03/11) - State.gov
Jun 3, 2011 · Trinidad and Tobago experienced 16 consecutive years of real GDP growth through 2008 as a result of economic reforms adopted in the early 1990s ...
[32]
Examining Manning's legacy - Trinidad Guardian
The objective of Prime Minister Manning was for downstream industrial production to be achieved through the fabrication of a number of semi-finished products.
[33]
A man of vision - Trinidad Guardian
His vision for the future was that T&T should become a developed country by the year 2020 and that vision was synchronised with a recommendation emanating from ...
[34]
The Seed Planted by Mr Manning - UWI Today
The Vision2020 plan was quite reminiscent of the Malaysia Vision2020 plan, of which Mr Manning must have been aware. Like the Malaysian initiative the Vision ...
[35]
Who is Patrick Augustus Mervyn Manning? Discover Their Role as ...
He was also the Political Leader of the People's National Movement (PNM) from 1987 to 2010. A geologist by training, Manning dedicated most of his life to ...
[36]
Manning the consummate politician | Local News - Trinidad Express
Jul 5, 2016 · Behind the veneer of statesmanship Patrick Manning was the consummate politician ... infrastructure projects like roads, bridges ...
[37]
PNM 's intimate relationship with criminals - Trinidad Guardian
May 30, 2020 · Beginning in 2001 the murder rate climbed to 151, then in 2002 it went to 171, in 2003 it rose to a further 229, in 2004 it climbed again to 260 ...
[38]
Trinidad appeals to Met and FBI over crime wave - The Guardian
Sep 29, 2005 · Mr Manning said the task of coping with the crime wave - including an upsurge in murders and kidnappings - was compounded by criminal deportees ...
[39]
Trinidad and Tobago (12/16/11) - State.gov
Dec 16, 2011 · Following the vote, Prime Minister Patrick Manning took his oath of office on November 7 to begin another term. In April 2010, however, the ...
[40]
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO (House of Representatives), ELECTIONS ...
Prior to the 2010 elections, the UNC accused the PNM of corruption and mismanagement of the country's energy wealth. The UNC argued that the PNM government ...Missing: causes defeat
[41]
Trinidad snap election unseats PM Patrick Manning - BBC News
May 25, 2010 · Opposition parties in Trinidad and Tobago have unseated Prime Minister Patrick Manning in a snap election.
[42]
[PDF] Report-of-the-EBC-on-the-Parliamentary-Elections-2010-24th-May ...
May 24, 2010 · Two thousand one hundred and fifty-two (2,152) polling stations were established all told in Trinidad and in Tobago, the total number of polling ...
[43]
Manning takes full responsibility for defeat - Trinidad Express
May 24, 2010 · Political leader of the People's National Movement (PNM), Patrick Manning, last night accepted full responsibility for his party's defeat in the 2010 general ...
[44]
Incumbent party ousted in Trinidad election | Reuters
May 25, 2010 · Prime Minister Patrick Manning was ousted on Monday in Trinidad and Tobago's general election, with a coalition of opposition parties ...
[45]
Press Release: Statement by an IMF Mission to Trinidad and Tobago
Jul 21, 2006 · Addressing infrastructure bottlenecks and improving the business environment would help remove impediments to economic diversification and ...
[46]
[PDF] Contents - Ministry of Finance
Trinidad and Tobago is now well on its way to becoming a developed nation by the year 2020. In. 2002, the Government took the bold step of articulating a vision ...
[47]
[PDF] Chapter 2 - Trinidad and Tobago Computer Society
In presenting “Vision 2020”, Prime Minister Patrick Manning stated that "the vision of Trinidad and Tobago becoming a fully developed country means that all ...
[48]
[PDF] Productive Development Policies in Trinidad and Tobago
More recently, the present Prime Minister, Patrick Manning, created a committee to develop strategies for the country in order to achieve developed status ...
[49]
Manning: It's time to diversify economy - Trinidad Guardian
Manning said he was confident that diversifying into ship building and repair would be beneficial to the economy. "It represents a new direction that is labour ...
[50]
Interview with The Honourable Patrick Manning
First of all, I must tell you that this is my second time as the Prime Minister of Trinidad & Tobago, and in the first occasion between 1991 and 1995, we ...Missing: term | Show results with:term
[51]
Construction industry ready to work with PP Govt
Nov 21, 2010 · The plan ranged from the upgrade of existing bridges, culverts and other basic infrastructure to the construction of new roads, highways, ...
[52]
Improving T&T's capital no quick fix | - Trinidad Express
Nov 22, 2020 · ... Patrick Manning's ambitious, modern vision for Port of Spain. A limited liability company now under the Ministry of Housing and Urban ...
[53]
PNM's failed vision - Trinidad and Tobago Newsday
Jan 23, 2024 · "Secondly, over the period, 18.5 per cent of activities scheduled under the Vision 2020 plan were completed, and 51.6 per cent was ongoing ( ...
[54]
From Growth to Prosperity: Policy Perspectives for Trinidad and ...
... Vision 2020 - an ambitious program that calls for Trinidad and Tobago to achieve developed-country status by the year 2020. As the country sets out to meet ...
[55]
STATEMENT BY HON. PATRICK MANNING, PRIME MINISTER ...
Jan 31, 2006 · We must also be grateful for the efforts of the CARICOM ... CARICOM is the oldest surviving integration movement in the developing world.
[56]
Statement by the Honourable Patrick Manning, Prime Minister of ...
Today, the Single Market component of the CSME comes into force, involving Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago. These States by ...
[57]
CARICOM CHAIRMAN SATISFIED WITH SINGLE MARKET ...
Jun 15, 2006 · Prime Minister Manning said he was satisfied that the integration movement was strong and would intensify with completion of the Single Economy phase.
[58]
Caribbean Political Union Proposed | Bahamas Local News
Manning released the draft proposal for the proposed political union on Tuesday. The Trinidad and Tobago foreign affairs ministry also released a draft proposal ...
[59]
Manning on whirlwind trip to five CARICOM states - Jamaica Gleaner
Aug 26, 2008 · Trinidad and Tobago Prime Minister Patrick Manning Monday embarked ... political and economic union, as he seeks support between his ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[60]
Manning had uncompromising belief in Caribbean integration
Jul 2, 2016 · “I grew to admire his uncompromising belief in Caribbean integration, and supported many of his initiatives in pursuit of closer economic and ...
[61]
Manning reiterates support for political union with OECS - Tuesday
Jun 23, 2009 · Manning said the proposed union was open to all Caribbean countries, noting that economic blocs were being formed all across the world as ...
[62]
Manning a true regionalist – CARICOM Chairman
Jul 3, 2016 · His willingness to share his country's expertise to assist other Member States was just another manifestation of his dedication to integration.
[63]
'A true Champion!' CARICOM pays tribute to the late Patrick Manning
Jul 2, 2016 · The Caribbean Community (CARICOM) has hailed the late former Trinidad and Tobago Prime Minister Mr. Patrick Manning as one of its true Champions.
[64]
Former Prime Minister Feeds the Meme Machine With Rejection of ...
Aug 27, 2014 · Manning's People's National Movement government was accused of corruption via the construction of high-rise buildings that eventually cost ...
[65]
Long road to justice – Miami verdict, first victory in Piarco corruption ...
Apr 2, 2023 · The PNM's Patrick Manning was selected to become prime minister and Lindquist was asked to return and resume his investigation. His report ...
[66]
After nearly two decades of litigation, a Florida appeals court has ...
Sep 11, 2025 · A Miami jury found Ferguson liable for fraud linked to the redevelopment of the Piarco International Airport between the late 1990s and early ...
[67]
$$10M spent on Piarco airport Commission of Enquiry but findings ...
Jul 3, 2022 · Despite past estimations in Parliament that the COE cost taxpayers $10 million (excluding legal fees), the findings of the COE are yet to be published.
[68]
2010 Review – AfraRaymond.net
Dec 26, 2010 · The Uff Report made history in this country, since it is the first time that a government has published the Report of a Commission of Enquiry.
[69]
Uff hands in report on the construction sector to the President
Mar 29, 2010 · Prime Minister Patrick Manning confirmed yesterday that he has received the Uff report of the Commission of Enquiry investigating Udecott and ...
[70]
?Don't bury Uff report - Trinidad Guardian
Hart stressed that Manning failed to keep good on his promise to publish the report of the Commission of Enquiry into the Piarco Airport Development Project. He ...
[71]
UNC to file new motion of no confidence against Manning
Mar 20, 2018 · Prime Minister Patrick Manning has been accused of being the mastermind behind the stalling of the John Uff Commission of Enquiry into the ...
[72]
Energy Minister Accused of Corruption Resigns in Trinidad
Jan 10, 2006 · Trinidad's Prime Minister Patrick Manning has accepted the resignation of Eric Williams, who is facing bribery charges in relation to the ...
[73]
BBCCaribbean.com | Trinidad minister on bribery charges
Jan 9, 2006 · The Trinidad energy minister quits the Manning administration to fight corruption charges.Missing: administration | Show results with:administration<|separator|>
[74]
$$10M SCANDAL | Local News | trinidadexpress.com
$$10M SCANDAL. Uff wants to know: Who told Manning Cleaver Heights money was ... Patrick Manning made his disclosure in the Parliament in September last year.
[75]
Freedom in the World 2004 - Trinidad and Tobago - Refworld
Dec 18, 2003 · In July 1991, Jamaat-al-Muslimeen, a small radical Muslim group, staged a coup attempt in the capital, Port-of-Spain. The prime minister and ...
[76]
Trinidad & Tobago Crime Statistics
1994 to Present, Crime Statistics ; 2008. 550. 11. Big increase in the number of murders. A significant drop in kidnappings for ransom ; 2009. 509. 6 ; 2010. 485.<|control11|><|separator|>
[77]
Murder in T&T 1990- 2016: An Analysis | drugtrade - WordPress.com
Jan 10, 2017 · For the period 2000 to 2009 murders increased from 1,064 from 1990 to 1999 to 3,139 murders a jump that is nearly three times that of the 1990 ...
[78]
[PDF] Crime and Violence in Trinidad and Tobago - IDB Publications
This report is part of an IDB Technical Note series on crime and violence in the. Caribbean. The overall aim is to establish a baseline of the crime prevention.
[79]
Feature: Crime stats show murders peaked during Manning PNM ...
Aug 29, 2011 · Murders in Trinidad & Tobago fell dramatically during the Panday UNC regime to a low of 93 in 1999. When Basdeo Panday took office from the ...
[80]
Manning: Martin a real crime fighter - Trinidad Guardian
Former prime minister Patrick Manning says if the People's Partnership Government had continued with some of the security initiatives implemented by former ...
[81]
OPENING STATEMENT BY THE HONOURABLE PATRICK ...
the Sharing of Intelligence among Member States;. • the establishment of the Implementation Agency for Crime and Security;. • mutual assistance among Member ...
[82]
Govt must focus on reducing homicides - Trinidad Guardian
This makes political sense, in that crime was the party's major failure in the 2002-2010 regime led by Patrick Manning. During its eight years in office the ...
[83]
Spike in murders after September 7 - Trinidad Guardian
But the last PNM government's record on crime-fighting was abject–under the Patrick Manning administration from 2001 to 2010, homicides went up by 300 per cent ...
[84]
GDP growth (annual %) - Trinidad and Tobago | Data
This dataset shows Trinidad and Tobago's GDP growth (annual %) from 1961 to 2024, using data from official sources and World Bank estimates.Missing: Manning | Show results with:Manning
[85]
[PDF] Budget Statement 2008 Presented by The Honourable Patrick ...
The vision that emerged – VISION 2020 -- was founded on five developmental pillars: Developing Innovative People; Nurturing a Caring Society; Enabling ...
[86]
The Heritage and Stabilization Fund | IFSWF
The HSF is a long-term fund that has two distinct elements: a stabilization component to insulate fiscal policy from fluctuations in energy sector revenues.
[87]
Greed is killing us not so softly | Trinidad and Tobago News Blog
Oct 16, 2019 · When oil and natural gas prices surged thereafter, Manning increased expenditure to $37 and $39.7 billion in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The ...
[88]
Trinidad's former PM in hospital after stroke - Caribbean Life
Jan 26, 2012 · Patrick Manning's office says the former prime minister was taken to a hospital early Tuesday. A statement says he apparently suffered a “mild” ...<|separator|>
[89]
Former PM collapses at constituency office - Caricom
Feb 22, 2013 · Manning, 66, who suffered a stroke in January last year, was “partly paralysed” from what his office said had been a “minor stroke”. He was ...Missing: resignation | Show results with:resignation
[90]
Former PM flies out for six weeks of therapy - Trinidad Guardian
Yvonne Webb. Former prime minister Patrick Manning is now at the Walter Reed Hospital in Washington where he will undergo four to six weeks of therapy ...
[91]
Manning granted leave | Local News | trinidadexpress.com
Feb 2, 2012 · House Speaker Wade Mark yesterday granted leave of absence to former prime minister Patrick Manning from the Parliament for 90 days.
[92]
Manning showing 'massive' improvement - Stabroek News
Feb 1, 2012 · (Trinidad Express) San Fernando East Member of Parliament Patrick Manning continues to show signs of improvement, as he recovers from a ...
[93]
Trinidad and Tobago's Patrick Manning quits politics
Feb 13, 2015 · Patrick Manning, who failed to show up for screening by his People's National Movement (PNM) on Wednesday, wrote to his political leader Dr ...
[94]
Manning has to resign as MP - Trinidad Guardian
The precedent being set by Patrick Manning refusing to resign as an MP even though he is clearly unable to function in that capacity.
[95]
Manning ends 2-year absence | Local News | trinidadexpress.com
Jan 7, 2014 · Mannings last application for leave, which was made in September last year, expired in late December 2013. Manning is not the only member of ...
[96]
Former Prime Minister Patrick Manning dies - Trinidad Guardian
Former prime minister Patrick Manning died this morning at the San Fernando General hospital, where he was admitted for treatment earlier this week.
[97]
Hazel: 2 years after Patrick's death, it just gets harder
Jun 8, 2018 · Her husband died on July 2, 2016 of acute myeloid leukaemia. He had suffered a stroke in 2012. “The feeling now is worse than when he first ...
[98]
Patrick Manning Has Died | Trinidad and Tobago News Blog
Jul 3, 2016 · Mr Manning was Prime Minister by electoral victory three times in our history – 1995, 2002 and 2007. He is also our longest serving ...
[99]
Manning's Funeral Scheduled for Saturday (UPDATED)
Former prime minister Patrick Manning's wife Hazel has announced that Manning's state funeral will take place on Saturday. The viewing of the body will take ...
[100]
The body of the former Prime Minister Patrick Manning has arrived at ...
Jul 7, 2016 · The body of the former Prime Minister Patrick Manning has arrived at the Southern Academy for the Performing Arts giving the public the chance to pay their ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[101]
Prime Minister Rowley speaks at the State Funeral in ... - YouTube
Jul 14, 2016 · The Chief Celebrant of the proceedings was the Bishop of Trinidad and Tobago, the Right Reverend Claude Berkley.Missing: attendees | Show results with:attendees
[102]
Patrick Manning dies at 69 - Trinidad Guardian
Local and regional leaders will attend Saturday's state funeral for former prime minister Patrick Augustus Mervyn Manning who breathed his last at 8.15 am ...
[103]
Former Prime Minister Patrick Manning's State Funeral - TriniView.com
A State funeral for former Prime Minister of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, Patrick Augustus Mervyn Manning, took place on Saturday 9th July, 2016, at the ...Missing: cause | Show results with:cause
[104]
Private burial for Manning | Local News | tv6tnt.com
Jul 4, 2016 · * The State Funeral of former Prime Minister, Patrick Manning will take place on Saturday 9th July, 2016 from 10:00 a.m. at the Cathedral ...
[105]
Media Release: Traffic Restrictions - State Funeral of Former Prime ...
Jul 7, 2016 · Addressing the awardees and attendees, Commissioner Guevarro highlighted the significance of recognising officers' dedication and service.Missing: proceedings | Show results with:proceedings
[106]
Manning's legacy | Local News | trinidadexpress.com
Jul 11, 2016 · Patrick Manning was able to leave something of a legacy by the rapid expansion of the downstream energy sector – ammonia, urea, methanol, gas processing.Missing: savings | Show results with:savings
[107]
Govt replaces Vision 2020 | Local News | trinidadexpress.com
Oct 6, 2011 · THE Kamla Persad-Bissessar-led People's Partnership Government has replaced Patrick Manning's 15-year Strategic Plan (Vision 2020).Missing: infrastructure projects
[108]
Assessing Manning's performance | Opinion | trinidadexpress.com
Jul 27, 2016 · A look at the statistics always shows that crime increased under a Patrick Manning PNM administration. In addition, it was under his watch that ...