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Paul-Henri Nargeolet

Paul-Henri Nargeolet (March 2, 1946 – June 18, 2023) was a renowned French deep-sea explorer, submarine pilot, and Titanic specialist, often called "Mr. Titanic" for conducting over 35 dives to the wreck of the RMS Titanic and overseeing the recovery of thousands of artifacts from the site.^[1]^[2] As director of underwater research for RMS Titanic, Inc.—the company holding salvage rights to the wreck—he led multiple expeditions between 1987 and 2010, contributing to global understanding of the 1912 maritime disaster.^[3] Nargeolet perished at age 77 in the catastrophic implosion of the experimental OceanGate Titan submersible while on a research mission to the Titanic wreckage in the North Atlantic.^[4] Born in Chamonix in the French Alps, Nargeolet spent 13 years of his early childhood in Morocco before his family relocated to Paris, where he developed an interest in diving as a young amateur.^[1] At age 18, in 1964, he enlisted in the French Navy, serving for 22 years as a combat swimmer, mine-clearing diver, submarine pilot, and ship captain, gaining expertise in underwater operations.^[3]^[5] Following his military discharge, he joined the French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (Ifremer) in 1986, where he managed deep-sea submersibles and participated in his first Titanic dive in July 1987 using the Nautile minisubmarine.^[1]^[6] Nargeolet's Titanic work extended beyond exploration; he supervised the retrieval of approximately 5,500 artifacts, including personal items like binoculars and letters, which have been exhibited worldwide to educate on the ship's history and the tragedy that claimed over 1,500 lives.^[2]^[6] In 2022, he co-led an OceanGate expedition that documented a vibrant ecosystem of marine life around the wreck, highlighting its ongoing ecological significance.^[3] He authored the book Dans les profondeurs du Titanic (In the Depths of the Titanic), published in 2022, in which he proposed alternative theories to the traditional iceberg collision narrative, suggesting multiple structural failures contributed to the sinking.^[6] His collaborations included friendships with figures like filmmaker James Cameron, with whom he shared a passion for the vessel's legacy.^[1] In his personal life, Nargeolet was married twice, with his first wife predeceasing Michèle Marsh (his second wife, an American journalist who died in 2017); he had two children from his first marriage, and later married Anne Sarraz-Bournet, with whom he resided in Connecticut.^[2] Despite expressing private concerns about the Titan's unconventional carbon-fiber design and lack of certification, Nargeolet joined the fatal 2023 dive out of enduring fascination for the Titanic, describing it as fulfilling a lifelong pursuit.^[7] His death prompted ongoing investigations into OceanGate's operations and renewed debates over deep-sea tourism ethics, while his estate pursued legal action against the company in 2024, seeking $50 million in damages (ongoing as of 2025).^[8]^[9]

Early years

Birth and upbringing

Paul-Henri Nargeolet was born on March 2, 1946, in Chamonix, a mountain town in the French Alps near the border with Italy and Switzerland.^[1] His family relocated to Casablanca, Morocco, during his early childhood, where he spent approximately 13 years immersed in a coastal environment that would profoundly influence his later pursuits.^[1] The family later moved to the Paris area, marking the end of his formative years abroad.^[1] Growing up in Morocco exposed Nargeolet to the sea at a young age, sparking a lifelong interest in underwater exploration. As a child, he frequently snorkeled to watch professional scuba divers working offshore, captivated by their activities from a distance.^[10] On one such occasion, the divers spotted the young observer and invited him to join them for his first dive, an experience that ignited his passion for diving and the mysteries beneath the waves.^[10] Nargeolet's curiosity extended to shipwrecks early on; at age nine, he followed a group of divers and discovered his first underwater wreck, an encounter that deepened his fascination with maritime history and adventure.^[11] These youthful pursuits in science and exploration, free from formal structure, laid the groundwork for his professional trajectory in oceanic endeavors.^[11]

Entry into the military

Paul-Henri Nargeolet enlisted in the French Navy in 1964 at the age of 18, driven by his longstanding interest in diving and underwater operations that had developed during his youth as an amateur diver.^[12]^[1] He began his service as a matelot, or enlisted sailor, and underwent basic training in naval aviation before advancing to specialized instruction as a shipboard diver and subsequently as a mine clearance diver.^[13]^[14] Following his diver training, Nargeolet's early assignments focused on mine clearance operations and shallow-water diving missions, where he honed skills essential for neutralizing underwater hazards.^[3] In 1968, he was admitted to the preparatory course for the Naval Officers School, marking the start of his progression toward commissioned roles.^[13] By 1971, seven years after enlisting, Nargeolet had completed his officer training at the Naval Academy and received his commission as an officer, setting the stage for further advancements in underwater intervention specialties during the early 1970s.^[14]^[13]

Professional career

Service in the French Navy

Paul-Henri Nargeolet joined the French Navy in 1964 at the age of 18, embarking on a 22-year military career that focused on underwater operations.^[7] During this period, he served as an officer specializing in mine clearance, deep-sea diving, and underwater interventions, rising through the ranks to retire in 1986 as a capitaine de frégate (frigate captain).^[15]^[16] Nargeolet's expertise in mine disposal was central to his service, where he commanded mine-sweeping operations aboard specialized vessels, removing explosives from international waters, including remnants from World War II conflicts.^[17] From 1976 to 1978, he led the 1er Groupe de Plongeurs Démineurs (1st Group of Deminer Divers) based in Cherbourg, overseeing teams that conducted deep-water clearance missions to ensure safe naval passages.^[18] His work extended to salvage operations, recovering submerged naval assets and contributing to the development of protocols for advanced submersible technologies, such as those used in the Nautile, which enhanced the Navy's deep-sea intervention capabilities during the 1980s.^[15]^[19] In addition to operational leadership, Nargeolet trained personnel in high-risk underwater environments and piloted submarines, integrating his diving proficiency with command responsibilities to advance French naval underwater tactics.^[2] His promotions reflected growing expertise, culminating in senior roles that bridged mine warfare and emerging submersible operations by the mid-1980s.^[20]

Research at IFREMER

Following a distinguished 22-year career in the French Navy, Paul-Henri Nargeolet transitioned to civilian research in 1986 by joining Genavir, the organization operating vessels for the French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER).^[21] In this capacity, he contributed to IFREMER's deep-sea initiatives, drawing on his naval expertise in underwater operations. By 1989, Nargeolet had risen to head of Genavir's deep intervention submarines, where he directed the deployment of advanced submersibles for scientific exploration.^[21] A cornerstone of Nargeolet's responsibilities involved overseeing the Nautile, IFREMER's manned submersible capable of depths up to 6,000 meters, for a range of oceanographic missions.^[2] He personally piloted the Nautile on multiple dives, including his first in 1987, marking the beginning of his deep-sea leadership at the institute.^[21] This role extended to coordinating operations that advanced submersible capabilities, such as integrating robotic systems for precise underwater interventions.^[22] Nargeolet's tenure at IFREMER through 1996 included a range of projects focused on deep-sea mapping and wreck surveys, alongside his pioneering work on the Titanic. A notable example occurred on May 15, 1993, when, during a Nautile dive near Toulon, he serendipitously discovered the well-preserved wreck of La Lune, a 17th-century French warship that had sunk in 1664.^[22] He also fostered international collaborations, including partnerships with American oceanographer Robert Ballard, to refine submersible technologies for joint scientific endeavors.^[21] These efforts underscored IFREMER's commitment to global ocean research during this period.

Directorship at the Center for Maritime & Underwater Resource Management

In 1994, Paul-Henri Nargeolet was appointed director of the newly established Center for Maritime & Underwater Resource Management (CMURM) at Michigan State University, within the Department of Park, Recreation and Tourism Resources.^[23] His extensive background in deep-sea operations from the French Navy and IFREMer qualified him to lead the center's focus on maritime heritage preservation and underwater resource development.^[21] Nargeolet served in this role until 2000, overseeing the center's core activities in applied archaeological and social research, scientific studies for management and development, and technology transfer related to historic shipwrecks, marine parks, water-based recreation, and coastal heritage tourism.^[23]^[24] Under his leadership, CMURM facilitated public-private partnerships and provided services to clients such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the National Park Service, the State of Michigan, and R.M.S. Titanic, Inc., emphasizing education, training in scientific diving, and policy frameworks for the sustainable use of underwater resources.^[24] During the 1990s, Nargeolet integrated his prior expertise in submersible piloting and marine archaeology from international expeditions into the U.S. academic context, contributing to the launch of initial research and educational programs at CMURM.^[23] A key milestone under his directorship was the center's reorganization in 2000 as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, enabling expanded independence and ongoing support for maritime resource management initiatives.^[24] This tenure marked a pivotal period for advancing curricula and training in marine archaeology and deep-sea exploration within an academic setting.^[24]

Production work at Aqua+

From 1996 to 2003, Paul-Henri Nargeolet worked at Aqua+, a subsidiary of the French pay television channel Canal+, which specialized in the production of underwater films.^[25]^[26] In this role, he transitioned from his prior research positions to focus on media production, leveraging his deep-sea expertise to support cinematic explorations of the ocean environment.^[25] Nargeolet was responsible for overseeing submarine operations at Aqua+, directing deep-sea filming expeditions that utilized the company's two dedicated submersibles.^[25] These missions in the late 1990s and early 2000s emphasized adaptations of filming equipment for high-pressure underwater conditions, enabling the capture of footage on marine ecosystems and shipwrecks for documentary purposes. His leadership facilitated collaborations with filmmakers, contributing to public outreach on underwater worlds through broadcast media.

Leadership at Premier Exhibitions

In 2007, Paul-Henri Nargeolet was appointed director of underwater research at Premier Exhibitions, Inc., for its subsidiary RMS Titanic, Inc., building on his extensive prior experience with deep-sea operations at IFREMER.^[3] In this role, he provided expert oversight for the company's ongoing exploration and recovery efforts at the Titanic wreck site, ensuring the integration of advanced submersible technology and scientific protocols to document and preserve the site's historical integrity.^[27] Nargeolet's leadership contributed to RMS Titanic, Inc.'s collection of approximately 5,500 artifacts overall, with him overseeing recoveries during expeditions from 2010 onward, including personal items like porcelain and clothing, as well as larger structural elements such as hull sections.^[28] These recoveries emphasized non-invasive techniques to minimize disturbance to the wreck while prioritizing the documentation of the site's deterioration over time.^[3] His direction helped amass one of the world's largest collections of Titanic-related materials, which underwent rigorous conservation processes to prevent further degradation from saltwater exposure. Under Nargeolet's management, RMS Titanic, Inc. organized and toured global exhibitions featuring authenticated artifacts, drawing over 35 million visitors to displays in cities across North America, Europe, Asia, and beyond since the late 2000s.^[29] These exhibitions, such as "Titanic: The Artifact Exhibition," incorporated multimedia elements and expert-guided narratives to educate the public on the ship's history, with Nargeolet often contributing to curatorial decisions on artifact selection and interpretive contexts.^[30] The salvage activities operated within a framework of legal and ethical guidelines, including exclusive U.S. court-granted salvage rights affirmed in 1994 and upheld through subsequent rulings, alongside adherence to the 2004 international RMS Titanic Agreement, which promotes the wreck's protection as a memorial site.^[31] Nargeolet advocated for balanced approaches that respected these protocols, focusing on recovery missions—such as those in 2004 (pre-appointment but foundational)—to advance scientific understanding without commercial overexploitation.^[32]

Additional explorations and ventures

Beyond his institutional roles, Nargeolet pursued independent expeditions that expanded knowledge of underwater wrecks and deep-sea environments. In May 1993, while leading a diving operation for the French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER), he discovered the wreck of the French ship Lune, which had sunk in 1664 off the coast of Toulon during the reign of Louis XIV; this find provided valuable insights into 17th-century naval architecture and maritime history.^[22]^[19] In 2007, Nargeolet directed an expedition to the wreck of the RMS Carpathia, the vessel that rescued survivors from the 1912 Titanic disaster before being torpedoed by a German U-boat in 1918; the mission recovered artifacts such as a porcelain cup, contributing to the preservation of World War I-era maritime relics from the North Atlantic seabed at a depth of approximately 500 feet.^[33] Following the June 2009 crash of Air France Flight 447 into the Atlantic Ocean, which claimed 228 lives, Nargeolet participated in the 2010 search for the aircraft's flight recorders using submersible technology; although his efforts were part of an initial phase that did not locate the black boxes until later that year, the operation advanced techniques for deep-water wreckage recovery in challenging currents.^[22]^[19] Nargeolet's ventures extended to broader oceanographic surveys and submersible operations throughout the 2000s and 2010s, including wreck assessments and testing of deep-sea vehicles under his oversight at IFREMER and later independent projects; these efforts encompassed more than 35 manned deep dives in total, emphasizing safe navigation and data collection in extreme pressures.^[3] From 2018 to 2019, he collaborated on the Five Deeps Expedition, an international initiative backed by explorer Victor Vescovo, which mapped and explored the deepest points in all five oceans using the Limiting Factor submersible; Nargeolet's piloting expertise supported dives to sites like the Molloy Deep in the Arctic Ocean (5,550 meters) and the South Sandwich Trench in the Southern Ocean (7,433 meters), yielding geological samples and biodiversity data that informed global seafloor understanding.^[22]^[19] He also engaged in speculative surveys, such as a hunt for the mythical Lost City of Atlantis among submerged formations near Gibraltar, highlighting his interest in integrating historical lore with modern hydrographic mapping.^[19] In addition to fieldwork, Nargeolet provided consultancies to deep-sea technology firms on submersible design and operational protocols, drawing from his experience managing Genavir's oceanographic fleet since 1989; these advisory roles facilitated advancements in remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) for commercial and research applications.^[34] He delivered guest lectures at institutions like the Cité de la Mer in Cherbourg, sharing insights on deep-sea challenges, and participated in international collaborations, such as joint French-American projects on abyssal ecosystems, which enhanced cross-border protocols for underwater resource management.^[34]^[3] His contributions to oceanography were recognized for pioneering non-destructive survey methods that preserved wreck integrity while gathering scientific data on corrosion and marine life adaptation.^[22]

Titanic expeditions

Initial manned dives

Paul-Henri Nargeolet led a manned expedition to the RMS Titanic wreck in 1987 as commander and pilot of the Nautile submersible, operated by the French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER). The expedition, spanning July 25 to September 10, 1987, was the first to recover artifacts from the site, which had been located in 1985 by unmanned vehicles during a joint French-American mission and first visited by manned submersibles in 1986. On his inaugural dive in July, Nargeolet, accompanied by a crew of three including a co-pilot and observer, descended to approximately 3,800 meters, achieving direct visual confirmation of the wreck and spending about 100 minutes on the seafloor to conduct initial observations.^[1]^[35]^[3] The 1987 dives encountered significant challenges inherent to extreme-depth operations, including hydrostatic pressures exceeding 380 atmospheres that demanded the Nautile's titanium pressure hull withstand immense forces without failure. Technical issues arose from poor visibility caused by stirred sediments, limited illumination from the submersible's lights, and constraints on maneuverability and battery duration, which restricted bottom time and required precise navigation to avoid damaging the fragile structure. Despite these obstacles, the expedition completed 32 manned dives, enabling the capture of additional photographs that further documented the wreck's bow and stern sections, laying foundational visual records of its decay.^[36]^[1]^[37] Building on this success, Nargeolet directed subsequent IFREMER expeditions in 1993 and 1994, prioritizing comprehensive site mapping and advanced photography to delineate the debris field and structural layout. The 1993 mission, which began in April, utilized the Nautile for targeted dives that produced detailed sketches and images enhancing understanding of the wreck's orientation and environmental impacts. In 1994, during the summer operations, further photographic surveys refined these maps, highlighting progressive deterioration while overcoming similar depth-related pressures and submersible limitations through improved instrumentation. These early ventures, facilitated by Nargeolet's expertise at IFREMER, solidified his reputation as a preeminent Titanic explorer.^[17]^[38]

Artifact recovery and scientific contributions

Nargeolet initiated artifact recovery from the Titanic wreck in 1987 during an IFREMER expedition using the manned submersible Nautile, marking the first systematic collection of items from the site. During this expedition, over 1,800 artifacts were recovered.^[19]^[37] By the 1990s and 2000s, in collaboration with RMS Titanic, Inc., the effort expanded significantly, resulting in the recovery of approximately 5,500 artifacts, including personal belongings and structural components. Nargeolet served as director of underwater research for RMS Titanic, Inc. from 2007 onward.^[28] These recoveries continued through major expeditions, such as the 1994 operation that retrieved coal from the ship's bunkers using the Nautile's robotic manipulator arms.^[39] Recovery methods relied on precision submersible technology, with robotic arms equipped on vehicles like the Nautile to gently extract items from the debris field at depths of about 12,500 feet, minimizing disturbance to the fragile wreck.^[37] Post-recovery, preservation techniques were applied to combat corrosion from prolonged seawater exposure, including desalination through soaking in sodium carbonate baths, chloride removal via sacrificial anodes, and protective coatings like microcrystalline wax to stabilize metal and ceramic artifacts.^[40] Notable hauls included a 1996 attempt—thwarted by Hurricane Fran—to lift a large hull section, successfully completed in 1998 when the 17-ton "Big Piece" was raised using specialized rigging and lifting equipment from the support vessel Nadir.^[41] Scientifically, Nargeolet's work facilitated analysis of the wreck's ongoing decay, revealing rusticle formation and structural weakening due to bacterial activity and ocean currents, which he distinguished from human-induced damage in debates with explorers like Robert Ballard.^[7] Artifacts provided historical insights into life aboard the ship; for instance, recovered china pottery from the first-class dining areas illuminated Edwardian culinary practices, while brass instruments from the band offered evidence of the musicians' role during the sinking.^[42] Metallurgical examination of the "Big Piece," including rivets and steel plates, contributed to understanding the hull's material vulnerabilities that factored in the 1912 disaster.^[40] Nargeolet collaborated with historians and institutions like RMS Titanic, Inc. to contextualize these finds, ensuring artifacts informed broader research on maritime history and preservation.^[43]

OceanGate Titan incident

Involvement with OceanGate

Paul-Henri Nargeolet served as a consultant to OceanGate Expeditions, leveraging his extensive experience as a deep-sea explorer and Titanic specialist to provide expertise on navigation around the wreck site and deep-sea safety protocols.^[44] His background included over 35 dives to the Titanic, which positioned him as a key advisor for the company's submersible operations targeting the site.^[3] Nargeolet's collaboration with OceanGate began in earnest around 2021, when he participated in the company's inaugural dives to the Titanic using the Titan submersible, including as part of the initial team alongside CEO Stockton Rush.^[45] In 2021 and 2022, he acted as a mission specialist and advisor during OceanGate's Titanic expeditions, contributing to research and operational planning for future tourist missions to the wreck.^[46] At a 2017 meeting of the Marine Technology Society, industry professionals raised concerns about the Titan's innovative carbon-fiber hull and the risks of experimental designs compared to established titanium or steel constructions, emphasizing the need for rigorous safety testing.^[46] Despite these industry views, Nargeolet continued to support OceanGate's efforts to innovate in deep-sea tourism while drawing on traditional submersible practices for site-specific guidance.^[46]

The 2023 expedition and implosion

The 2023 Titan submersible expedition, operated by OceanGate Expeditions, launched on June 18 from the Canadian support vessel Polar Prince, positioned approximately 370 nautical miles southeast of St. John's, Newfoundland, with the objective of descending to the wreck of the RMS Titanic at a depth of about 3,800 meters in the North Atlantic Ocean.^[47]^[46] The submersible carried five individuals: Stockton Rush, OceanGate's CEO and pilot; Paul-Henri Nargeolet, a renowned Titanic expert serving as mission specialist; British adventurer Hamish Harding; and Pakistani-British businessman Shahzada Dawood along with his 19-year-old son Suleman Dawood, both as mission specialists.^[48]^[49]^[50] The dive commenced around 9:00 a.m. local time (Newfoundland Daylight Time), with Titan detaching from the Polar Prince's launch and recovery system and beginning its descent using acoustic communication for periodic updates on depth and status.^[47]^[46] Approximately 1 hour and 45 minutes into the dive, at roughly 10:47 a.m. and a depth of 3,346 meters, all communication ceased following a final text update from the submersible about its weight and progress.^[48]^[49]^[46] The Titan, featuring a cylindrical pressure hull constructed primarily from carbon fiber composite material bonded to titanium end domes, suffered a catastrophic implosion at this depth due to the sudden loss of structural integrity under extreme pressure exceeding 5,000 psi.^[50]^[47]^[46] On June 22, 2023, a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) named Odysseus, deployed from the support ship Horizon Arctic, discovered a debris field about 500 meters from the Titanic's bow, including the submersible's tail cone, forward and aft titanium domes, and fragmented remnants of the carbon fiber hull, confirming the implosion had occurred instantaneously and fatally for all aboard shortly after the communication loss.^[48]^[49]^[47] The event marked the end of the expedition, with the debris recovery operations highlighting the submersible's failure during what was intended as Dive 88 of the Titanic survey mission.^[46]

Aftermath and tributes

Following the catastrophic implosion of the Titan submersible on June 18, 2023, the U.S. Coast Guard led an extensive search and recovery operation in the North Atlantic. On June 22, 2023, a remotely operated vehicle discovered a debris field approximately 490 meters (1,600 feet) from the Titanic's bow, consistent with a "catastrophic loss of the pressure chamber."^[51]^[52] Debris pieces, including the submersible's tail cone and landing frame, were recovered from the ocean floor at a depth of about 3,800 meters, along with presumed human remains, which were transported to a U.S. lab for forensic analysis by June 28, 2023.^[53] The operation involved international assets, including Canadian and French vessels, and concluded that the implosion occurred near the Titanic wreck site. Investigations into the incident focused on the Titan's design and operational flaws, led by the U.S. Coast Guard's Marine Board of Investigation (MBI), convened in June 2023. Public hearings in September 2024 revealed warnings from former OceanGate employees about the carbon-fiber hull's vulnerabilities, including acoustic monitoring that detected cracks during prior dives but was ignored.^[54] The MBI's final report, released on August 5, 2025, identified OceanGate's "inadequate design, certification, maintenance, and inspection processes" as primary causes, exacerbated by a "toxic safety culture" under CEO Stockton Rush that dismissed expert concerns and prioritized cost-cutting over nondestructive testing.^[55] Complementing this, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) issued its report on October 15, 2025, concluding that the hull failed due to faulty engineering and undetected progressive damage from earlier expeditions, failing to meet industry safety standards for deep-sea pressure vessels.^[47] These probes, ongoing into 2025, have prompted calls for new federal regulations on experimental submersibles. Public tributes honored Nargeolet's lifelong dedication to underwater exploration. The French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER), where Nargeolet served as director of underwater research, issued a statement on June 24, 2023, expressing profound grief and saluting his over 35 Titanic dives and contributions to oceanography as an "insatiable explorer."^[21] RMS Titanic Inc., the salvage rights holder affiliated with Premier Exhibitions where Nargeolet was director of research, hosted a virtual memorial service on July 19, 2023, attended by figures like filmmaker James Cameron, who described him as a "giant of a man" who inspired global explorers.^[43]^[56] Nargeolet's family issued statements reflecting on his passion for the sea amid their loss. His stepson, Alan Stein, described the ordeal as a "nightmare" on June 23, 2023, while emphasizing Nargeolet's expertise.^[57] In March 2024, his daughter expressed anger at OceanGate's lack of outreach, stating, "No one contacted us to say we are sorry for your loss."^[58] The family filed a $50 million wrongful death lawsuit in August 2024 against OceanGate, alleging the crew endured "terror and mental anguish" from known defects, and in August 2025, reiterated their pursuit of justice following the MBI report.^[59]^[60] These commemorations underscore Nargeolet's legacy as "Mr. Titanic," with no major new honors reported by late 2025 beyond the investigative acknowledgments of his professional stature.

Personal life and legacy

Family and relationships

Paul-Henri Nargeolet was first married to American television reporter Michèle Marsh, an Emmy Award-winning journalist, with whom he had three children: two daughters, Sidonie and Chloé, and a son, Julien.^[1]^[61] Michèle brought a son, John Paschall (born 1992), from her previous marriage, and Nargeolet became a supportive stepfather to him, meeting during John's high school years and assisting with projects like science fairs.^[62]^[63] After Michèle's death in 2017 from breast cancer at age 63, Nargeolet married Anne Sarraz-Bournet, a childhood friend from France, with whom he relocated within the United States in later years.^[64]^[65] In January 2022, the couple moved from Greenwich, Connecticut, to a lakefront home in Pawling, New York, reflecting shifts tied to his professional commitments and family life.^[61] Nargeolet was also a grandfather to four grandsons, including one born to his stepson John in January 2022, whom he held shortly before his death.^[1]^[62]

Publications and honors

Paul-Henri Nargeolet authored the book Dans les profondeurs du Titanic in 2022, published by HarperCollins, which chronicles his multiple expeditions to the RMS Titanic wreck site and describes the artifacts recovered during those missions. The work draws on his extensive firsthand experience as a deep-sea explorer to provide insights into the ship's history and the challenges of underwater archaeology.^[66] Nargeolet contributed to several documentaries focused on the Titanic, including Titanic: The Legend Lives On in 1994, produced in collaboration with the French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER), where he served as director of underwater research.^[67] He also participated in Deep Inside the Titanic in 1999, a production by RMS Titanic Inc., highlighting interior explorations of the wreck.^[68] These films showcased his expertise in submersible operations and marine archaeology, emphasizing the scientific value of Titanic studies.^[69] Known as "Mr. Titanic" for his unparalleled knowledge of the wreck, Nargeolet earned this moniker through over 35 dives to the site spanning decades.^[1] His 22-year career in the French Navy, where he rose to commander and specialized in mine-clearing and deep-sea diving, laid the foundation for his later achievements at IFREMER, including leading pioneering submarine projects.^[34] He was elected a fellow of The Explorers Club in 2001, recognizing his contributions to submersible expeditions.^[70] Nargeolet made numerous media appearances, including in the 1997 documentary Titanic: Anatomy of a Disaster, where he discussed the ship's structural failures.^[68] He delivered lectures on deep-sea exploration techniques and Titanic research at various institutions, sharing advancements in submersible technology and wreck preservation.^[71] Following his death in 2023, Nargeolet's legacy in Titanic studies was honored through a virtual memorial service hosted by RMS Titanic Inc. in July 2023, which celebrated his role as director of underwater research and his impact on artifact recovery efforts.^[43] In August 2024, during an RMS Titanic expedition, a commemorative plaque was placed near the wreck site to recognize his pioneering work and enduring influence on oceanographic exploration.^[72] By 2025, his contributions continued to shape public understanding of the Titanic, with his book and documentaries serving as key resources for researchers and enthusiasts.^[73]

References

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Paul-Henri Nargeolet, Known as 'Mr. Titanic,' Dies at 77
Jun 23, 2023 · Mr. Nargeolet was born on March 2, 1946, in Chamonix, France, in the French Alps. He moved to Paris after living in Morocco for 13 years ...Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
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Paul-Henri Nargeolet: French diver on missing sub is Titanic expert
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Paul-Henri Nargeolet Has Made More Than 35 Titanic Site Trips
Jun 23, 2023 · Mr. Nargeolet, 77, is the director of underwater research for RMS Titanic, Inc., an American company that owns the salvage rights to the famous ...
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A Titanic expert, an adventurer, a CEO, and a father and son were ...
Jun 22, 2023 · A renowned Titanic expert, a world record-holding adventurer, two members of one of Pakistan's wealthiest families and the CEO of the company leading an ...
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Who were the five passengers inside the missing Titan submersible?
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Jun 22, 2023 · Nicknamed "Mr Titanic", French submarine operator Paul-Henri Nargeolet was one of the vessel's crew. The 77-year-old, who served in the French ...Missing: early life<|separator|>
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Paul-Henri Nargeolet Feared the Titan Sub, but Couldn't Resist ...
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Titanic expert for Georgia company believed dead in lost submersible
Jun 22, 2023 · Titanic,” he was a French kid growing up in Morocco who would snorkel to watch scuba divers from afar. At an April exhibit in Orlando, the 77- ...
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French Navy veteran Paul-Henri Nargeolet among five on missing sub
Jun 22, 2023 · Nargeolet's love of diving and the oceans began at the age of nine when he discovered his 'first wreck' by following divers in Morocco.
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A diver feared the Titan sub, but couldn't resist the Titanic
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Entré dans la Marine en 1964 comme matelot, officier 7 ans plus tard, il y a servi 25 ans, devenant un expert reconnu de la plongée et de l'intervention sous la ...
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Deep-Sea Search Expert Is Aboard Missing Titanic Submersible
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L'océanaute Paul-Henri Nargeolet, « Monsieur Titanic » - Le Monde
Jun 20, 2023 · Commandant de la marine nationale, il a fait ses vingt-deux ans de carrière dans le déminage et l'intervention sous-marine. Voilà pourquoi c'est ...Missing: promotions | Show results with:promotions
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Meet The Titanic's Greatest Explorer (No, It Isn't James Cameron)
Mar 30, 2012 · Nargeolet: I was an officer in the French Navy, a diver. I worked on a mine-sweeping ship. I would remove explosives. Forbes: So how did you ...
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Paul-Henri Nargeolet - La Cité de la Mer
Au cours de sa carrière dans la Marine Nationale, Paul-Henri Nargeolet est de 1976 à 1978, à Cherbourg, Commandant du Premier Groupe de Plongeurs Démineurs. Il ...Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
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Jun 23, 2023 · ... French navy, where he commanded a mine-clearing unit. After 22 years he joined the French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea ...Missing: assignments | Show results with:assignments
[19]
Interview - Paul Henri NARGEOLET : Expédition Titanic 1987
Paul-Henri NARGEOLET a passé 22 ans dans la Marine Nationale comme Officier de Marine spécialisé dans le déminage, la plongée et l'intervention sous–marine ...
[20]
[PDF] Passing of Paul-Henri Nargeolet: Ifremer and Genavir salute a ...
Jun 24, 2023 · Paul-Henri Nargeolet was a deep-sea diving expert with a passion for marine archaeology. After a rich career in the French Navy, he joined ...Missing: biography | Show results with:biography<|separator|>
[21]
Paul-Henri Nargeolet, explorer who in 1987 led the first manned ...
Jun 27, 2023 · He served for 22 years, mainly in mine disposal, before being approached by Ifremer to supervise underwater research on the Titanic. Nargeolet ...
[22]
Directors - cmurm.org
Commander Paul-Henri Nargeolet was the leader of six expeditions to the Titanic wreck ... He discovered and was a member of the first expedition to La Lune (1664) ...
[23]
cmurm.org
CMURM provides services in applied archaeological and social research, scientific studies in management and development, and technology transfer.
[24]
Paul-Henri NARGEOLET - Médiathèque de la Mer
Paul-Henri NARGEOLET est né le 2 mars 1946 à Chamonix-Mont-Blanc (Haute-Savoie). Il entre dans la Marine Nationale en 1964 dans laquelle il passe 22 ans en ...Missing: formation | Show results with:formation
[25]
Conférence : Du Titanic au vol AF447 - Actu-Environnement
Par Paul-Henri Nargeolet ... De 1996 à 2003, il intègre la société Aqua+, une filiale de Canal+ dont l'objectif est de réaliser des films sous-marins.
[26]
Paul-Henri Nargeolet - Wikipédia
Paul-Henri Nargeolet sert dans la marine nationale française comme plongeur démineur de 1964 à 1986. De 1976 à 1978, à Cherbourg, il est commandant du 1er ...Missing: formation | Show results with:formation
[27]
TITANIC 110TH ANNIVERSARY SPEAKER SERIES - PR Newswire
Mar 29, 2022 · Director of Underwater Research, RMS Titanic, Inc. P.H. is considered the leading authority on the wreck site having led several expeditions to ...Missing: Henri | Show results with:Henri
[28]
RMS Titanic, Inc. - The Official Home of RMS Titanic
Welcome to the official home of RMS Titanic, Inc., proudly offering comprehensive educational programs, innovative exhibitions, and Titanic collaborations.Titanic Memorials · Titanic's Music · Titanic's Passengers & Crew · ExhibitionsMissing: Paul- Henri management
[29]
Titanic Touring Exhibitions - Discover Titanic - RMS Titanic, Inc.
TITANIC: The Artifact Exhibition has been viewed by more than 35 million individuals and is currently on display worldwide. Its two main permanent locations ...Missing: Paul- Henri Nargeolet management
[30]
EXPLORING TITANIC: The Truth Behind the Legend - Orlando ...
Mar 21, 2023 · Director of Collections, E/M Group. Paul-Henry (PH) Nargeolet Director of Underwater Research, RMST. Rory Golden Diver, Speaker, Explorer.Missing: Henri | Show results with:Henri
[31]
R.M.S Titanic - Salvage - NOAA
Aug 8, 2018 · In 1992, a competing salvor, Marex Inc., sought sole ownership and salvage rights to Titanic in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District ...
[32]
https://www.apnews.com/article/titanic-artifacts-titan-nargeolet-law-grave-30c7316144e1233ded7bf2ad149576dd
[33]
https://www.invaluable.com/auction-lot/cup-recovered-from-wreck-of-rms-carpathia-with-co-185-c-75d4a02be8
[34]
Paul-Henri Nargeolet, France's 'Mr Titanic', hailed after submersible ...
Jun 23, 2023 · Born in 1946, Nargeolet spent more than two decades in the French navy before joining the French Research Institute for Exploitation of the ...Missing: service 1964-1986
[35]
Who is 'Mr Titanic', the French explorer aboard missing sub? - RFI
Jun 20, 2023 · A former commander in the French Navy, Nargeolet was both a deep diver and a mine sweeper. After a 25-year career, in his retirement Nargeolet ...Missing: assignments | Show results with:assignments
[36]
form10k.txt - SEC.gov
... TITANIC wreck site in 1987 through the use of a manned submersible NAUTILE. Approximately 1,800 objects were recovered during the course of the thirty-two ...Missing: details | Show results with:details
[37]
Titanic Exploration and Research
1994 Expedition: Returning with IFREMER, the summer 1994 expedition focused on salvaging personal effects and ship parts. Items like a boot and binoculars ...
[38]
Company cancels Titanic expedition after renowned expert died in ...
Oct 11, 2023 · Nargeolet was supposed to be in charge. The former French navy officer had already completed 37 dives and supervised the recovery of about 5,000 ...
[39]
Titanic coal | Encyclopedia Titanica Message Board
Jul 24, 2002 · There was enough coal recovered in the 1994 dive to make up approximately 400.000 pieces. As the sales of the coal have never been that strong ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[40]
IFREMER - 1987 - Titanic Connections
Commander Paul-Henri Nargeolet was out to preserve the pride of IFREMER on this expedition. The organization had initially been slated to use the submersible ...
[41]
Conservation of the RMS Titanic "Big Piece": A Case Study and ...
Desalination and Chloride Removal: Essential to preserving metal artefacts, methods included passive soaking in sodium carbonate baths, sacrificial anodes, and ...
[42]
The Big Piece - Titanic Connections
A recovery vessel was needed, and through an agent in Canada, the MV Jim Kilabuk was recommended. PH Nargeolet flew to see the ship and it was determined that ...
[43]
13 Artifacts Recovered From The Titanic Wreck - Grunge
Jul 7, 2023 · 13 Artifacts Recovered From The Titanic Wreck · A 15-ton section of the ship · China plates and cups · The ship's last menu · A violin · A bejeweled ...A 15-Ton Section Of The Ship · China Plates And Cups · A Violin
[44]
RMS Titanic Inc. holds virtual memorial for expert who died in sub ...
Jul 19, 2023 · "Many of the artifacts on display were recovered by or recovered under the supervision of Paul-Henri Nargeolet and his dedicated team," RMS ...
[45]
OceanGate sub and crew declared lost after debris found at Titanic
Jun 22, 2023 · PH Nargeolet was a veteran of more than 35 dives to the Titanic and served as a consultant to OceanGate. The other three crew members were ...
[46]
Timeline of OceanGate's Titan Sub: From Patent to Tragedy - TrialLine
Reviewing the Ocean Gate's Titan Sub timeline and how it imploded as it descend to the Titanic wreck on June 18, 2023.Missing: advisory | Show results with:advisory
[47]
None
Below is a merged summary of Paul-Henri Nargeolet's involvement with OceanGate, consolidating all information from the provided segments into a single, comprehensive response. To maximize detail and clarity, I’ve organized the information into a table in CSV format, followed by a narrative summary that integrates additional context and details not easily captured in the table. This approach ensures all data is retained while maintaining readability.
[48]
[PDF] Hull Failure and Implosion of Submersible Titan - NTSB
Oct 2, 2025 · Abstract: This report discusses the June 18, 2023, hull failure and implosion of the submersible Titan, manufactured and operated by ...
[49]
Titan sub timeline: When did it go missing and other key events
Jun 23, 2023 · Sunday, June 18 9:45am ET (13:45 GMT) – Communications between the submersible and the surface vessel are lost an hour and 45 minutes after ...
[50]
Titanic sub timeline: when did it go missing and key events in search
Jun 23, 2023 · 1345 GMT (9.45 a.m. ET) - Communications between the submersible and the surface vessel are lost 1 hour and 45 minutes after starting its ...
[51]
Ship footage captures sound of Titan sub imploding - BBC
May 22, 2025 · Titan imploded about 90 minutes into a descent to see the wreck of the Titanic in June 2023, killing all five people on board.Missing: expedition | Show results with:expedition
[52]
UPDATED: Titan Submersible Debris Found Near Titanic Wreck
Jun 22, 2023 · The remains of the Titan submersible were found 1,600 feet away ... The Coast Guard will continue to map the debris field, Paul Hankins ...
[53]
Titanic submarine debris field confirmed: Maps take you inside search
Jun 22, 2023 · Where is the Titan debris field? The debris was located on the ocean floor, roughly 500 meters (about a third of a mile) off of the bow ...
[54]
Coast Guard Recovers Titan Debris, Including Potential Human ...
Jun 28, 2023 · The Coast Guard has potentially recovered the remains of the five passengers who died aboard the Titan submersible after it imploded while attempting to visit ...Missing: aftermath | Show results with:aftermath
[55]
Doomed Titan submersible's hull had many flaws, expert testifies
Sep 29, 2024 · The findings of a two-week US Coast Guard hearing into last year's implosion that killed five people in the Titan submersible on a North Atlantic dive to the ...
[56]
Coast Guard Marine Board of Investigation releases report on Titan ...
Aug 5, 2025 · Investigators determined the Titan's real-time monitoring system generated data that should have been analyzed and acted on during the 2022 ...Missing: aftermath recovery debris
[57]
James Cameron, others honor Paul-Henri Nargeolet killed in Titan ...
Jul 19, 2023 · “Many of the artifacts on display were recovered by or recovered under the supervision of Paul-Henri Nargeolet and his dedicated team. An ...
[58]
Stepson of Titan passenger Paul-Henri Nargeolet mourns his death
Jun 23, 2023 · Nargeolet, who was 77, was a seasoned ocean explorer, with more than 35 dives to the Titanic. Paschall said he began hearing from the Coast ...Missing: childhood | Show results with:childhood
[59]
Paul-Henri Nargeolet's daughter slams OceanGate over Titan tragedy
Mar 11, 2024 · “My anger is mostly because no one from OceanGate contacted us to say we are sorry for your loss,” Nargeolet told Pen News. “At least I think ...
[60]
Family of explorer who died in Titan submersible sues Oceangate ...
Aug 7, 2024 · The family of a French explorer who died in a submersible implosion has filed a more than $50 million lawsuit, saying the crew experienced terror and mental ...
[61]
Voices call for justice, change after release of Titan implosion report
Aug 7, 2025 · 'There were really no checks and balances'. The family of renowned French explorer Paul-Henri Nargeolet also expressed their desire for justice ...
[62]
New York Home of Paul-Henri Nargeolet lists for $1.7M
Mar 4, 2024 · The deep-sea explorer leaves behind his wife, Anne Sarraz-Bournet; two daughters, Chloé and Sidonie; a son, Julien; and a stepson, John ...
[63]
Missing French diver Paul-Henri Nargeolet is a world expert on Titanic
Jun 22, 2023 · Titanic expert Paul-Henri Nargeolet is one of five people who went missing aboard a submersible on a trip to see the wreck of ...
[64]
Exclusive: Stepson shares memories of Paul-Henri Nargeolet, lost in ...
Jun 23, 2023 · Nargeolet leaves behind a wife and three other children. Paschall said it was rewarding to have his stepfather be part of his young son's ...
[65]
Who was Paul-Henri Nargeolet's wife Michele Marsh? - The US Sun
Jun 22, 2023 · She is survived by her son from her first marriage, John Paschall, who was born in 1992. Advertisement. He works NBC Sports and has also won an ...
[66]
Lakefront home of deep-sea explorer dubbed 'Mr Titanic' PH ...
Mar 6, 2024 · In later life, Nargeoet remarried to a childhood friend named Anne Sarraz-Bournet. He had been living Pawling, New York, since 2022. 'He and his ...
[67]
Dans les profondeurs du Titanic by Paul-Henri Nargeolet - Goodreads
Dans les profondeurs du Titanic. Paul-Henri Nargeolet. 4.41. 103 ratings15 reviews ... Create a free account to discover what your friends think of this book!
[68]
Paul-Henri Nargeolet, a.k.a. Mr. Titanic, Leaves Behind a Legacy
Jun 22, 2023 · He spent more than two decades serving with the French Navy, where he worked as a mine-clearing diver, a deep sea diver and a submarine pilot.
[69]
Paul-Henri Nargeolet(1946-2023) - IMDb
He is known for Deep Inside the Titanic (1999), Titanic: Anatomy of a Disaster (1997) and Titanic: Answers from the Abyss (1999). He was married to Michele ...Missing: Aqua+ | Show results with:Aqua+
[70]
Les trésors du paquebot de légende par l'homme qui l'a exploré
In stock 30-day returnsDans les profondeurs du Titanic: Les trésors du paquebot de légende par l'homme qui l'a exploré ... September 1, 1985. The Titanic, missing since April 15, 1912, ...
[71]
With Deepest Condolences - Loss of the Titan - The Explorers Club
Jun 22, 2023 · Paul-Henri was elected to the Club in 2001 and was one of the foremost experts on submersible expeditions to the Titanic. They were both drawn ...
[72]
The Secrets of the Titanic - Paul-Henri Nargeolet - Google Books
Dec 26, 2023 · Paul-Henri Nargeolet ... He then joined the French Institute for Sea Exploration (IFREMER) where he specialized in deep-sea exploration in 1986.<|separator|>
[73]
Titan submersible victim honored with plaque at Titanic wreck site
Aug 5, 2024 · The plaque honors Paul-Henri Nargeolet, who worked for RMS Titanic Inc. · The Titan submersible lost contact with the surface in June 2023 · Four ...
[74]
In Memory of PH Nargeolet - RMS Titanic, Inc.
Paul-Henri Nargeolet's passing leaves an unfillable void in the world of oceanography and exploration. His unwavering passion for the deep and dedication to ...