Planetary hours
Planetary hours constitute an astrological system that partitions the diurnal and nocturnal cycles into twelve unequal segments each, totaling twenty-four hours per day, with each segment presided over by one of the seven traditional planets—Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, the Sun, Venus, Mercury, and the Moon—in the Chaldean sequence derived from their perceived orbital speeds.[1] These hours vary in duration seasonally, equaling sixty minutes only at the equinoxes, and serve to identify astrologically favorable intervals for undertakings aligned with the qualities of the ruling planet, such as Mercury for communication or Venus for harmony.[2] The practice traces its roots to Mesopotamian and Egyptian astronomical traditions, where planetary influences on time were first systematized, before being refined in Hellenistic astrology around the second century BCE amid the synthesis of Babylonian, Greek, and Egyptian knowledge.[1] Key ancient texts, including Ptolemy's Almagest (second century CE), outline methods for computing these hours based on sunrise and sunset, while Vettius Valens's Anthologies (second century CE) emphasizes their application in horoscopic timing and predictive techniques like profections.[3][4] This framework not only informed electional astrology for optimal action but also underpinned the planetary week, as the repeating cycle of seven planetary rulers across twenty-four hours naturally extended to naming successive days after the planet governing the first hour after sunrise.[5] In later periods, planetary hours persisted in medieval European, Islamic, and Renaissance astrological practices, influencing rituals, medicine, and magic, though their calculation shifted with advancements in timekeeping from sundials to mechanical clocks.[2] Modern interpretations often adapt the system to equal hours for convenience, yet preserve its core principle of planetary governance to guide contemporary esoteric and timing decisions.[6]Fundamentals
Definition and Origins
Planetary hours constitute an astrological system that divides each day into 24 unequal segments, consisting of 12 daytime hours spanning from sunrise to sunset and 12 nighttime hours from sunset to the following sunrise, with each hour governed by one of the seven classical planets: Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, the Sun, Venus, Mercury, and the Moon.[7][8] This division reflects the traditional view of the day as a complete cycle tied to natural light patterns rather than fixed clock time. The foundational premise of the system is that the first planetary hour of the day, beginning at sunrise, is ruled by the planet associated with that day—such as the Sun for Sunday or the Moon for Monday—with subsequent hours following a repeating sequence known as the Chaldean order.[7][9] This order cycles through the seven planets, assigning influence to each hour in turn, thereby linking temporal segments to specific celestial rulers. Unlike contemporary equal hours of 60 minutes each, planetary hours vary in duration depending on the length of daylight and darkness at a given location and season, resulting in longer daytime hours during summer and shorter ones in winter, except at the equinoxes where they align with clock hours.[7][8] At its core, the system is grounded in astrological principles positing that the planets exert distinct influences on human activities and events during their respective hours, enabling practitioners to align endeavors with favorable celestial energies for enhanced efficacy.[7][9]Chaldean Planetary Order
The Chaldean order of the planets, originating in ancient Babylonian astronomy and later adopted in Hellenistic traditions, arranges the seven classical celestial bodies—Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury, and Moon—in sequence based on their apparent orbital speeds from a geocentric perspective, from slowest to fastest. Saturn, with its lengthy sidereal period of approximately 29.42 years, leads the order, followed by Jupiter (11.86 years), Mars (1.88 years), the Sun (1 year), Venus (0.62 years), Mercury (0.24 years), and the Moon (0.074 years). This arrangement reflects observations of planetary motions relative to the fixed stars, where slower-moving outer planets appear to traverse the sky more gradually than the inner ones.[10][11] In ancient Babylonian cosmology, these planets were conceptualized as divine entities residing in heavenly realms, exerting influence over earthly events through celestial omens and divine will, rather than through a rigid geometrical model of spheres. The visible sky served as the boundary between the human world and the gods' domain, with planetary positions interpreted as messages that could foretell or affect terrestrial affairs, such as royal fates or natural phenomena, often mitigated by rituals. This philosophical framework positioned the repeating Chaldean cycle as a cosmic rhythm governing time and human endeavors, integrating astronomy with divination.[12][11] The mathematical structure of the planetary hours relies on this seven-planet cycle applied to 24 hours per day, resulting in a daily shift of three positions (since 24 mod 7 = 3), which ensures that each new day begins with the hour ruled by its designated planet. Starting from Saturn for the first hour of Saturday, the sequence advances such that Sunday's first hour falls to the Sun, Monday's to the Moon, Tuesday's to Mars, Wednesday's to Mercury, Thursday's to Jupiter, and Friday's to Venus. This derivation underpins the planetary correspondences for weekdays, influencing nomenclature across languages: in Latin, dies Saturni (Saturday), dies Solis (Sunday), and so on; in English, adaptations like Sunday (Sun) and Monday (Moon) retain direct ties, while Tuesday (from Tiw, equated to Mars), Wednesday (Woden/Mercury), Thursday (Thor/Jupiter), and Friday (Freya/Venus) reflect Germanic overlays on the planetary system; similarly, French terms such as mardi (Mars) and jeudi (Jupiter) preserve Roman planetary roots.[10][11]Historical Development
Ancient Roots
The concept of planetary hours emerged from the intersection of Babylonian astronomical traditions and Hellenistic astrological practices. In Babylonian astronomy, systematic observations of celestial bodies, including planets, began around the 8th century BCE, laying the groundwork for dividing the day into 24 parts based on the varying lengths of daylight and night. These divisions, known as seasonal hours, reflected practical timekeeping tied to solar and lunar cycles, though without explicit planetary rulership assignments. By the 2nd century BCE, Hellenistic astrologers in the Greco-Roman world adapted these temporal structures, integrating the seven classical planets—Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury, and Moon—into a system where each governed specific hours, possibly extending from earlier planetary week ideas.[6] Key documentation of this system appears in ancient texts from the 2nd and 3rd centuries CE. The astrologer Vettius Valens, in his Anthology (Book I, chapters 9 and 10), outlines planetary hours as part of chronocratorships, assigning planetary influences to segments of the day and night based on the Chaldean order, with examples tying hours to nativities and daily rulers.[13] Similarly, the historian Dio Cassius, writing in the early 3rd century CE, describes the planetary rulership of days and hours, explaining how the sequence arises from a 168-hour cycle where planets govern in descending order of perceived speed, resulting in each day's first hour determining its planetary name.[11] Ptolemy's astrological framework in the Tetrabiblos (second century CE) further reinforced this by attributing temporal influences to planetary positions, providing a basis for their role in dividing time in astrological contexts.[1] Archaeological evidence supports the early adoption of planetary day associations. A graffito from Pompeii, inscribed around 50 CE on a wall featuring Third Style paintings (CIL IV 5202), lists the "Days of the Gods" (Θεῶν ἡμέραι) with planetary deities in genitive form—Kronos for Saturday, Helios for Sunday, Selene for Monday, and so on—demonstrating the system's circulation in Roman Italy by the mid-1st century CE.[14] This artifact aligns with the initial convention of reckoning the day from sunset to sunset, a practice inherited from Babylonian and Greek traditions where the evening marked the transition of celestial influences.[15]Medieval and Renaissance Adoption
The concept of planetary hours, originating in Hellenistic astrology, was transmitted to medieval Europe primarily through Arabic and Byzantine intermediaries. In the 9th century, Ptolemy's Tetrabiblos, which outlined planetary influences on temporal divisions, was translated into Arabic by scholars such as Hunayn ibn Ishaq, facilitating its integration into Islamic astronomical and astrological traditions.[16] This knowledge spread via texts like the 10th-century Arabic Ghāyat al-Ḥakīm (translated into Latin as Picatrix in the 13th century under Alfonso X of Castile), which detailed planetary rulerships over hours for talismanic and magical purposes, influencing European grimoires on astral magic.[17] Byzantine scholars further bridged the gap; for instance, around 790 CE, Stephanus of Alexandria carried astrological compendia, including planetary transit techniques derived from 7th-century Alexandrian works by Rhetorius of Egypt, to Constantinople, where they were epitomized in Greek manuscripts.[18] In Christian contexts, planetary hours and days were adapted during the early medieval period, particularly following Emperor Constantine I's official adoption of the seven-day planetary week in the early 4th century CE, which aligned Sunday (dies Solis) as a day of rest to harmonize Christian observance with solar veneration.[6] This system, rooted in the Chaldean planetary order, influenced monastic timekeeping traditions, where observing stellar positions for dividing the day into unequal hours supported the canonical hours of prayer, though without explicit planetary attributions in surviving Benedictine rules.[19] By the late 4th century in Alexandria, Christian texts referred to weekdays numerically or as "ton theon" (day of the gods) for Wednesday, reflecting a cautious integration of planetary nomenclature into liturgical calendars while avoiding overt paganism.[5] During the Renaissance, planetary hours experienced a revival amid renewed interest in classical astrology. This era also saw the enduring influence of planetary associations on weekday naming in Romance languages, derived from Latin forms like dies Martis (Tuesday, day of Mars) and dies Veneris (Friday, day of Venus), which persisted in French (mardi, vendredi), Italian (martedì, venerdì), and Spanish (martes, viernes), standardizing the seven-day cycle across Europe by the 4th century CE.[20] Planetary hours extended into Jewish and Islamic mysticism, adapting Hellenistic models to monotheistic frameworks. In Jewish Kabbalistic traditions, as described in medieval texts, planets were assigned to hours during creation on the fourth day, with Saturn ruling the first nocturnal hour (6 p.m. Tuesday) and the cycle repeating weekly, influencing daily destinies through angelic intermediaries while subordinating celestial forces to divine will.[21] Similarly, in Islamic Sufi esotericism, texts like the 13th-century Shams al-Ma'arif wa Lata'if al-'Awarif incorporated planetary hours into rituals, associating each with divine names, magic squares, and invocations—such as reciting "Raḥīm" (the Merciful) during Venus's first Friday hour for love talismans—to align human intentions with cosmic benevolence.[22]Calculation and Structure
Dividing the Day
The planetary hours system divides the day into 24 unequal temporal hours, with the daytime portion spanning from sunrise to sunset and the nighttime portion from sunset to the following sunrise. To calculate these, the duration from local sunrise to sunset is determined and divided by 12 to yield the length of each daytime hour, while the duration from sunset to the next sunrise is similarly divided by 12 for nighttime hours. This results in variable hour lengths that fluctuate seasonally and geographically, such as longer daytime hours during summer at higher northern latitudes where daylight can extend beyond 15 hours.[7][9] This division relies on local solar time, anchored by precise sunrise and sunset calculations that account for the observer's latitude and the sun's declination—the angular position of the sun relative to the celestial equator, which varies daily due to Earth's axial tilt. The approximate day length H in hours is derived from the formula: H = \frac{2}{15} \cos^{-1} \left( -\tan(\phi) \tan(\delta) \right) where \phi is the latitude in degrees and \delta is the solar declination in degrees; this provides the foundational durations needed before further subdivision into planetary hours.[23] In ancient times, practitioners used sundials to track daytime progress by observing shadow movements, dividing the visible solar arc into 12 parts, while water clocks (clepsydrae) measured nighttime intervals through regulated water flow into marked vessels. Today, sunrise and sunset times are obtained from astronomical ephemerides or software like the U.S. Naval Observatory's data tools, with dedicated mobile applications such as Time Nomad automating the full planetary hour calculations based on GPS location.[24][25] Location significantly influences these divisions: at equatorial latitudes, day and night remain nearly equal at about 12 hours each year-round, yielding consistent planetary hour lengths; in contrast, polar regions experience extreme variations, with continuous daylight or darkness for months beyond the Arctic/Antarctic Circles, compressing or eliminating traditional hour divisions during those periods.[26]Assigning Planetary Rulers
The assignment of planetary rulers to the 24 hours of the day begins with the first hour after sunrise, which is governed by the planet associated with the day of the week—such as the Sun for Sunday, the Moon for Monday, Mars for Tuesday, Mercury for Wednesday, Jupiter for Thursday, Venus for Friday, and Saturn for Saturday. Subsequent hours then follow the Chaldean order of planets, which sequences them as Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury, and Moon, cycling repeatedly through this fixed arrangement for the remaining 23 hours across both daytime and nighttime periods. This process ensures a continuous 24-hour cycle that aligns precisely with the planetary ruler of the following day at its sunrise, maintaining the system's coherence without interruption. The Chaldean order provides the foundational sequence for this cycling, derived from ancient observations of planetary velocities and distances, starting from the slowest (Saturn) to the fastest (Moon) as perceived from Earth. For instance, on Sunday, the sequence begins with the Sun for the first hour, followed by Venus (second), Mercury (third), Moon (fourth), Saturn (fifth), Jupiter (sixth), and Mars (seventh), before repeating with the Sun for the eighth hour and continuing similarly through the full day. This step-by-step progression applies uniformly to all days, adapting only the starting planet based on the day's ruler while preserving the order's repetition to cover the 12 daytime hours (from sunrise to sunset) and 12 nighttime hours (from sunset to sunrise).[7] A key mathematical formula underlies this assignment, enabling systematic computation: assign numerical indices to the planets in the Chaldean order as 0 for Saturn, 1 for Jupiter, 2 for Mars, 3 for the Sun, 4 for Venus, 5 for Mercury, and 6 for the Moon. Each day receives an index corresponding to its ruling planet (e.g., Sunday = 3 for the Sun, Monday = 6 for the Moon). The ruler for the nth hour of the day (where n ranges from 0 to 23, starting at sunrise) is then determined by (d + n) \mod 7, with the resulting value mapping back to the planet index. This formula guarantees the correct wrapping and alignment across days.[27] The cycle's structure inherently shifts the starting planet each day due to the 24-hour repetition modulo 7, which yields a remainder of 3 (since $24 \div 7 = 3 remainder 3). This +3 shift in the Chaldean order from one day's ruler to the next ensures the progression: for example, from Sunday's Sun (index 3) to Monday's Moon (index 6, or $3 + 3 \mod 7), then to Tuesday's Mars (index 2, or $6 + 3 \mod 7 = 9 \mod 7 = 2), and so on, completing the loop back to Sunday after Saturday. Such modular handling of the 3-hour remainder prevents misalignment and upholds the system's daily reset at sunrise.[27] For practical computation, traditional methods rely on pre-constructed manual tables that list rulers for each hour by day, often adjusted for specific locations via ephemerides or almanacs to account for variable sunrise times. In contrast, modern software and online calculators automate the process by incorporating astronomical data for precise sunrise/sunset times, planetary indices, and modular calculations, while emphasizing the need to input local time zones to accurately reflect geographic variations in daylight onset. These tools convert universal coordinates into clock times, ensuring the hour divisions align with the observer's locale rather than a fixed global standard.[7]Examples and Variations
Standard Daily Tables
Standard daily tables of planetary hours illustrate the assignment of planetary rulers to the 24 hours of a day, based on the Chaldean order: Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury, Moon, repeating cyclically, with the first hour ruled by the planet corresponding to the day of the week.[7] These tables assume equal day and night lengths for simplicity, as occurs at the equinox, dividing the period from sunrise to the next sunrise into 24 equal parts.[28] For a reference example at 40° N latitude during an equinox (e.g., near locations like New York City), sunrise is approximately 6:00 AM, sunset 6:00 PM, and each hour spans one clock hour: daylight hours 1–12 from 6:00 AM to 6:00 PM, nighttime hours 13–24 from 6:00 PM to 6:00 AM the next day.[7] The sequences for each day are as follows, listing the ruling planet for hours 1 through 24: Sunday| Hour | Planet | Approx. Time |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sun | 6:00–7:00 AM |
| 2 | Venus | 7:00–8:00 AM |
| 3 | Mercury | 8:00–9:00 AM |
| 4 | Moon | 9:00–10:00 AM |
| 5 | Saturn | 10:00–11:00 AM |
| 6 | Jupiter | 11:00–12:00 PM |
| 7 | Mars | 12:00–1:00 PM |
| 8 | Sun | 1:00–2:00 PM |
| 9 | Venus | 2:00–3:00 PM |
| 10 | Mercury | 3:00–4:00 PM |
| 11 | Moon | 4:00–5:00 PM |
| 12 | Saturn | 5:00–6:00 PM |
| 13 | Jupiter | 6:00–7:00 PM |
| 14 | Mars | 7:00–8:00 PM |
| 15 | Sun | 8:00–9:00 PM |
| 16 | Venus | 9:00–10:00 PM |
| 17 | Mercury | 10:00–11:00 PM |
| 18 | Moon | 11:00–12:00 AM |
| 19 | Saturn | 12:00–1:00 AM |
| 20 | Jupiter | 1:00–2:00 AM |
| 21 | Mars | 2:00–3:00 AM |
| 22 | Sun | 3:00–4:00 AM |
| 23 | Venus | 4:00–5:00 AM |
| 24 | Mercury | 5:00–6:00 AM |
| [7] |
| Hour | Planet | Approx. Time |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Moon | 6:00–7:00 AM |
| 2 | Saturn | 7:00–8:00 AM |
| 3 | Jupiter | 8:00–9:00 AM |
| 4 | Mars | 9:00–10:00 AM |
| 5 | Sun | 10:00–11:00 AM |
| 6 | Venus | 11:00–12:00 PM |
| 7 | Mercury | 12:00–1:00 PM |
| 8 | Moon | 1:00–2:00 PM |
| 9 | Saturn | 2:00–3:00 PM |
| 10 | Jupiter | 3:00–4:00 PM |
| 11 | Mars | 4:00–5:00 PM |
| 12 | Sun | 5:00–6:00 PM |
| 13 | Venus | 6:00–7:00 PM |
| 14 | Mercury | 7:00–8:00 PM |
| 15 | Moon | 8:00–9:00 PM |
| 16 | Saturn | 9:00–10:00 PM |
| 17 | Jupiter | 10:00–11:00 PM |
| 18 | Mars | 11:00–12:00 AM |
| 19 | Sun | 12:00–1:00 AM |
| 20 | Venus | 1:00–2:00 AM |
| 21 | Mercury | 2:00–3:00 AM |
| 22 | Moon | 3:00–4:00 AM |
| 23 | Saturn | 4:00–5:00 AM |
| 24 | Jupiter | 5:00–6:00 AM |
| [7] |
| Hour | Planet | Approx. Time |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mars | 6:00–7:00 AM |
| 2 | Sun | 7:00–8:00 AM |
| 3 | Venus | 8:00–9:00 AM |
| 4 | Mercury | 9:00–10:00 AM |
| 5 | Moon | 10:00–11:00 AM |
| 6 | Saturn | 11:00–12:00 PM |
| 7 | Jupiter | 12:00–1:00 PM |
| 8 | Mars | 1:00–2:00 PM |
| 9 | Sun | 2:00–3:00 PM |
| 10 | Venus | 3:00–4:00 PM |
| 11 | Mercury | 4:00–5:00 PM |
| 12 | Moon | 5:00–6:00 PM |
| 13 | Saturn | 6:00–7:00 PM |
| 14 | Jupiter | 7:00–8:00 PM |
| 15 | Mars | 8:00–9:00 PM |
| 16 | Sun | 9:00–10:00 PM |
| 17 | Venus | 10:00–11:00 PM |
| 18 | Mercury | 11:00–12:00 AM |
| 19 | Moon | 12:00–1:00 AM |
| 20 | Saturn | 1:00–2:00 AM |
| 21 | Jupiter | 2:00–3:00 AM |
| 22 | Mars | 3:00–4:00 AM |
| 23 | Sun | 4:00–5:00 AM |
| 24 | Venus | 5:00–6:00 AM |
| [7] |
| Hour | Planet | Approx. Time |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mercury | 6:00–7:00 AM |
| 2 | Moon | 7:00–8:00 AM |
| 3 | Saturn | 8:00–9:00 AM |
| 4 | Jupiter | 9:00–10:00 AM |
| 5 | Mars | 10:00–11:00 AM |
| 6 | Sun | 11:00–12:00 PM |
| 7 | Venus | 12:00–1:00 PM |
| 8 | Mercury | 1:00–2:00 PM |
| 9 | Moon | 2:00–3:00 PM |
| 10 | Saturn | 3:00–4:00 PM |
| 11 | Jupiter | 4:00–5:00 PM |
| 12 | Mars | 5:00–6:00 PM |
| 13 | Sun | 6:00–7:00 PM |
| 14 | Venus | 7:00–8:00 PM |
| 15 | Mercury | 8:00–9:00 PM |
| 16 | Moon | 9:00–10:00 PM |
| 17 | Saturn | 10:00–11:00 PM |
| 18 | Jupiter | 11:00–12:00 AM |
| 19 | Mars | 12:00–1:00 AM |
| 20 | Sun | 1:00–2:00 AM |
| 21 | Venus | 2:00–3:00 AM |
| 22 | Mercury | 3:00–4:00 AM |
| 23 | Moon | 4:00–5:00 AM |
| 24 | Saturn | 5:00–6:00 AM |
| [7] |
| Hour | Planet | Approx. Time |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jupiter | 6:00–7:00 AM |
| 2 | Mars | 7:00–8:00 AM |
| 3 | Sun | 8:00–9:00 AM |
| 4 | Venus | 9:00–10:00 AM |
| 5 | Mercury | 10:00–11:00 AM |
| 6 | Moon | 11:00–12:00 PM |
| 7 | Saturn | 12:00–1:00 PM |
| 8 | Jupiter | 1:00–2:00 PM |
| 9 | Mars | 2:00–3:00 PM |
| 10 | Sun | 3:00–4:00 PM |
| 11 | Venus | 4:00–5:00 PM |
| 12 | Mercury | 5:00–6:00 PM |
| 13 | Moon | 6:00–7:00 PM |
| 14 | Saturn | 7:00–8:00 PM |
| 15 | Jupiter | 8:00–9:00 PM |
| 16 | Mars | 9:00–10:00 PM |
| 17 | Sun | 10:00–11:00 PM |
| 18 | Venus | 11:00–12:00 AM |
| 19 | Mercury | 12:00–1:00 AM |
| 20 | Moon | 1:00–2:00 AM |
| 21 | Saturn | 2:00–3:00 AM |
| 22 | Jupiter | 3:00–4:00 AM |
| 23 | Mars | 4:00–5:00 AM |
| 24 | Sun | 5:00–6:00 AM |
| [7] |
| Hour | Planet | Approx. Time |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Venus | 6:00–7:00 AM |
| 2 | Mercury | 7:00–8:00 AM |
| 3 | Moon | 8:00–9:00 AM |
| 4 | Saturn | 9:00–10:00 AM |
| 5 | Jupiter | 10:00–11:00 AM |
| 6 | Mars | 11:00–12:00 PM |
| 7 | Sun | 12:00–1:00 PM |
| 8 | Venus | 1:00–2:00 PM |
| 9 | Mercury | 2:00–3:00 PM |
| 10 | Moon | 3:00–4:00 PM |
| 11 | Saturn | 4:00–5:00 PM |
| 12 | Jupiter | 5:00–6:00 PM |
| 13 | Mars | 6:00–7:00 PM |
| 14 | Sun | 7:00–8:00 PM |
| 15 | Venus | 8:00–9:00 PM |
| 16 | Mercury | 9:00–10:00 PM |
| 17 | Moon | 10:00–11:00 PM |
| 18 | Saturn | 11:00–12:00 AM |
| 19 | Jupiter | 12:00–1:00 AM |
| 20 | Mars | 1:00–2:00 AM |
| 21 | Sun | 2:00–3:00 AM |
| 22 | Venus | 3:00–4:00 AM |
| 23 | Mercury | 4:00–5:00 AM |
| 24 | Moon | 5:00–6:00 AM |
| [7] |
| Hour | Planet | Approx. Time |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Saturn | 6:00–7:00 AM |
| 2 | Jupiter | 7:00–8:00 AM |
| 3 | Mars | 8:00–9:00 AM |
| 4 | Sun | 9:00–10:00 AM |
| 5 | Venus | 10:00–11:00 AM |
| 6 | Mercury | 11:00–12:00 PM |
| 7 | Moon | 12:00–1:00 PM |
| 8 | Saturn | 1:00–2:00 PM |
| 9 | Jupiter | 2:00–3:00 PM |
| 10 | Mars | 3:00–4:00 PM |
| 11 | Sun | 4:00–5:00 PM |
| 12 | Venus | 5:00–6:00 PM |
| 13 | Mercury | 6:00–7:00 PM |
| 14 | Moon | 7:00–8:00 PM |
| 15 | Saturn | 8:00–9:00 PM |
| 16 | Jupiter | 9:00–10:00 PM |
| 17 | Mars | 10:00–11:00 PM |
| 18 | Sun | 11:00–12:00 AM |
| 19 | Venus | 12:00–1:00 AM |
| 20 | Mercury | 1:00–2:00 AM |
| 21 | Moon | 2:00–3:00 AM |
| 22 | Saturn | 3:00–4:00 AM |
| 23 | Jupiter | 4:00–5:00 AM |
| 24 | Mars | 5:00–6:00 AM |
| [7] |