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Popsicle

A Popsicle is a branded frozen dessert consisting of flavored, colored ice formed around a wooden stick, typically made from fruit juice, , or other sweetened liquids, and designed for handheld consumption without utensils. The treat was accidentally invented in by 11-year-old Epperson in , , when he left a mixture of powdered and water with a stirrer outdoors overnight during a cold spell, resulting in a frozen block that he consumed by holding the stick. Initially calling his creation the "Epsicle," Epperson began selling it at local events and, by 1923, at the Neptune Beach amusement park in Alameda, where it gained popularity among beachgoers seeking relief from the summer heat. In 1924, Epperson patented the invention as the "Popsicle," a name suggested by his children, and granted manufacturing rights to the Joe Lowe Company, which commercialized it nationwide starting in the late . During the , the company introduced the Twin Popsicle—a double treat on two sticks sold for five cents—to allow sharing between siblings, boosting affordability and sales. The brand faced legal challenges in the , including a notable antitrust dispute with competitor over market dominance in the frozen novelty industry. As of November 2025, owned by since 1989 (with the ice cream division, including Popsicle, scheduled for later in the year), the offers more than 30 varieties, including classics like cherry (the top-selling flavor), sugar-free options, and character-themed pops, with annual sales exceeding two billion units (as of 2015) in the United States, , and the . The sticks often feature printed riddles or jokes, enhancing the playful appeal of this enduring summertime icon.

Frozen Dessert

Invention and Early History

Frank Epperson was born on August 11, 1894, in , and raised in the . In 1905, at the age of 11, he accidentally invented the frozen treat now known as the Popsicle while living in . On an extraordinarily cold winter night, Epperson mixed a powdered soda flavoring with water in a glass, stirred it with a wooden stick, and left it on the back porch overnight; the unusually low temperatures caused the mixture to freeze solid around the stick, creating a handle for easy consumption. This serendipitous event, amid record low temperatures for the region, marked the origin of the fruit-flavored ice on a stick, though Epperson did not immediately pursue it commercially. As a in the early , Epperson, then working as a in Oakland, revisited the childhood discovery and began experimenting to refine the treat using various fruit flavors. He initially named his creation the "Epsicle," a portmanteau of his and "," and started producing it in small batches. His children played a key role in its rebranding, suggesting "Popsicle" as a blend of "pop" (referring to ) and "," which Epperson adopted to make it more appealing. Family involvement extended to early promotion efforts, with Epperson sharing samples among relatives and neighbors to gauge interest before wider distribution. Epperson first publicly demonstrated the Popsicle in 1922 at a fireman's ball in the Bay Area, where it proved an instant hit among attendees. By 1923, he expanded sales to local amusement parks and beaches, including Neptune Beach near Oakland, selling the treats for a each from makeshift stands. On June 11, 1924, Epperson filed for a U.S. (No. 1,505,592) describing a "frozen confectionery" as a fruit-flavored ice molded on a stick for portable eating, which was granted on August 19, 1924. This solidified the invention's novelty and paved the way for its commercialization in the mid-1920s.

Brand Development and Commercialization

In , Frank Epperson sold the rights to his Popsicle to the Popsicle Corporation, a New York-based firm. The Joe Lowe Company, founded in , became its exclusive sales agent in 1925. The partnership enabled using standardized molds, syrups, sticks, and wrappers distributed through a network of regional licensees, leading to initial sales of 6.5 million units in 1924 and rapid expansion. By 1928, national distribution was achieved, with Epperson earning royalties on over 60 million Popsicles sold that year alone. During the of the 1930s, the company introduced the Twin Popsicle, featuring two connected frozen treats on double sticks designed to be split for sharing, allowing two children to enjoy the product for a single nickel to maintain affordability amid economic hardship. This innovation helped sustain sales, which reached 200 million units by 1931, doubling from the previous year, as the treat was marketed as "Depression-proof." However, the era also saw intense disputes; the Popsicle Corporation filed multiple infringement suits against competitors, including a 1930 action to protect the mark from generic use, which resulted in partial genericization where "popsicle" became commonly applied to similar water-based frozen confections, though the brand retained protection for its specific formulations. A key settlement with rival in 1933 delineated market territories, with Popsicle focusing on non-dairy ice pops while Good Humor emphasized cream-based products. World War II brought challenges from sugar rationing, which began in and severely restricted production for sweetened frozen treats like Popsicles, as manufacturers received only 80% of pre-war sugar allocations initially, dropping further over time. Post-war, the marked a sales boom driven by suburban growth and widespread adoption of home freezers, enabling supermarket distribution of multi-packs and boosting annual consumption as families incorporated the treat into everyday routines. In 1989, Unilever acquired the Popsicle brand through its purchase of Gold Bond Ice Cream, integrating it into the Good Humor-Breyers division and leveraging global resources for further expansion. As of November 2025, Unilever plans to demerge its ice cream business, including the Popsicle brand, into The Magnum Ice Cream Company (TMICC), with completion expected in December 2025. By the late 20th century, the brand had become a cornerstone of Unilever's ice cream portfolio, with approximately two billion units sold annually in the United States, Canada, and the Caribbean.

Manufacturing Process and Ingredients

Popsicles are primarily composed of , which constitutes about 90% of the product, along with sugar, , stabilizers such as gums, concentrated fruit flavorings (natural or artificial extracts), colorings, and occasionally for tartness. Unlike ice cream bars, popsicles are dairy-free, relying on a water-based that avoids or to achieve their characteristic icy texture. The manufacturing process begins with mixing the ingredients in sterilized vats at 35-37°F (1.7-2.8°C) to form a flavored . This is then pumped into molds on automated machines, such as the Vita-Line system, where wooden sticks are inserted. The filled molds are submerged in a bath maintained at -25 to -30°F (-32 to -34°C) for rapid freezing, ensuring the product solidifies evenly over a conveyor length of about 20 feet (6 meters). For multi-layered varieties, sequential filling and vacuum drying steps are employed before final freezing. Once frozen, the molds are briefly heated with 180°F (68°C) water to facilitate automated demolding, after which the popsicles are inspected, packaged, and stored at sub-zero temperatures. Quality control measures emphasize preventing large ice crystal formation, which is achieved through rapid freezing and agitation during mixing to promote small, uniform crystals for a smoother texture. Visual and taste tests are conducted at key stages, including filling and extraction, with defective units rejected by operators. Allergen management is critical, as production on shared equipment may introduce traces of peanuts or tree nuts, though many formulations offer nut-free options to accommodate sensitivities. Since the , environmental considerations have driven shifts toward sustainable practices, including the adoption of recyclable multipack wrappers composed of 95% with minimal lining, reducing individual use in popsicle . In modern facilities, production lines operate at speeds of thousands of popsicles per hour, with individual machines capable of 4,320 units and larger setups doubling that output. Typical popsicles contain 40-80 calories each, depending on size and formulation. extends up to 18 months when stored at 0°F (-18°C) or below.

Varieties, Flavors, and Cultural Significance

The Popsicle brand offers a range of classic flavors that originated in the , including , cherry, and , which remain staples due to their simple, fruit-inspired profiles and low calorie count of about 40 per pop. These original flavors were part of the early commercialization efforts following the brand's founding in , emphasizing refreshing, water-based treats. Modern lines have expanded to include seasonal and novelty options, such as pops in red-white-and-blue layers of cherry, lime, and for patriotic themes, and Scribblers, which feature color-changing effects that shift hues upon licking. Sugar-free variants, like Tropicals in , , and fruit punch, cater to health-conscious consumers with only 15 calories per pop and no . Popsicle varieties extend beyond basic single- or twin-stick formats to include rocket-shaped designs, such as the model with mixed berry, lime, and lemon flavors, evoking space adventure themes. Character-themed pops, licensed from and other franchises, feature molds of icons like , from , and , often in berry or tropical flavors to appeal to children. Additionally, some gourmet and artisanal-inspired versions incorporate real fruit purees for more natural textures, aligning with premium frozen treat trends while maintaining the brand's accessible price point. Culturally, Popsicles symbolize summer childhood nostalgia, evoking memories of backyard play and hot-weather relief for generations of North Americans. They have appeared in 1980s films like the Israeli series and its American remake , where the treat underscores youthful innocence and coming-of-age themes. In broader , Popsicles feature in memes and as icons of carefree summers, while health movements since the 2000s have highlighted low-calorie options amid rising awareness. Globally, the Popsicle brand remains primarily North American, with over 30 variations sold mainly in the U.S. and Canada, though similar frozen treats like Mexican paletas—made from fresh fruits or creams—represent cultural adaptations emphasizing natural ingredients in Latin America. Paletas, originating from Michoacán, Mexico, differ by using artisanal methods and exotic flavors like tamarind or chile mango, influencing international frozen dessert trends. Recent trends in the and have seen the frozen pops market respond to dietary shifts with vegan and organic variants, using plant-based ingredients like and fruit purees to meet demand for dairy-free options. While the core Popsicle lineup is not fully vegan-certified, mirroring broader industry growth projected at a 16.1% CAGR through 2030.

Music

Popsicle (Swedish Band)

Popsicle is a indie pop band formed in 1991 in , located in the region. The group emerged as a key player in the early indie pop wave, alongside acts like , Brainpool, and , contributing to a vibrant scene that blended melodic hooks with jangly guitars and influences. Originally hailing from northern , the four founding members relocated to to pursue their music, drawing inspiration from British bands such as and Ride. The band's lineup consisted of Andreas Mattsson on vocals and guitar, serving as the primary songwriter; Fredrik Norberg on guitar and vocals; P-A Wikander on drums; Kenneth Vikström on bass until 1994; and Arvid Lind replacing him on bass from 1995 onward. Their musical style is characterized by and elements, featuring bright, melodic choruses and a rock-infused energy that brought a fresh "rockstar attitude" to indie music. Popsicle's early releases were issued on the independent label A West Side Fabrication from , before transitioning to Telegram Records, an imprint of . Over their initial run, Popsicle released four studio albums: (1992), which peaked at number 34 on the charts and earned a Award for Best New Artist; Abstinence (1994); the self-titled Popsicle (1996); and Stand Up and Testify (1997). Key singles included "Hey Princess" (1993), a breakthrough hit that exemplified their catchy sound, and "Not Forever" () from the self-titled album, which achieved significant chart success in . The band disbanded in 1999 after a final release, but they staged sporadic reunions, including gigs in 2005 and a one-off performance in 2005 for the record store's 25th anniversary, followed by a return from hiatus in 2018. Since their 2018 return, the band has remained active, including a joint mini-tour with Atomic Swing in 2025. Popsicle's influence on the pop scene endures through their role in shaping Sweden's indie guitar movement, often credited as one of the most important acts of the era for introducing experimental soundscapes and mainstream appeal to the . Their work laid groundwork for subsequent bands and remains celebrated for its melodic and cultural ties to phenomena like the "Hannas krog" club scene in .

Songs and Albums Titled "Popsicle"

One notable song titled "Popsicle" is by the American boy band , featured as the third track on their self-titled debut album released on September 2, 1986, by . This playful R&B and pop track, written by , , and , uses the popsicle as a lighthearted metaphor for romantic attraction, with lyrics like "You're my popsicle / From the very first time I met you, girl, you captured me." Though not released as a single, the song contributed to the album's moderate success, which peaked at number 29 on the chart, establishing the group's early summery, teen-oriented sound. In the electronic music scene, LFZ released an upbeat track titled "Popsicle" on August 26, 2017, through (NCS), a label known for music. The instrumental piece, running 4:25 in length, features euphoric synths and quirky rhythms evoking a summery vibe, making it popular for gaming montages, videos, and content creation due to its copyright-free status. Its lighthearted energy aligns with NCS's focus on energetic, accessible electronic tracks for online media. The album Popsicle by the American rock band Diamond Nights, released on September 13, 2005, by Kemado Records, serves as another prominent example in and circles. This 12-track debut, produced by the band and recorded in , blends lo-fi aesthetics with fist-pumping rock anthems, including singles like "The Girl's Attractive," which gained exposure in a 2006 advertisement. The title reflects the album's raw, energetic themes of youth and allure, earning praise for its sing-along qualities despite limited commercial chart performance. Educational children's media has also featured songs titled or incorporating "Popsicle," such as "The Colors Song (with Popsicles)" by , released on September 25, 2018, as part of their nursery rhymes series. This upbeat pop-style tune teaches primary colors through animated characters making rainbow popsicles, with simple, repetitive lyrics like "Red popsicle, yummy in my tummy" to engage young learners in a fun, summery context. Produced by Moonbug Kids, it exemplifies how the term inspires lighthearted, thematic content in , amassing millions of views on platforms like for its interactive appeal.

Other Uses

Geographical and Natural Features

Popsicle Peak is a prominent natural landmark on , , , rising to an elevation of 1,673 meters (5,489 feet). Located approximately 20 kilometers southeast of Gold River and 4 kilometers southwest of M.S. Mountain, it lies within , part of the . Access to Popsicle Peak involves moderate-difficulty suitable for experienced adventurers, typically as part of broader trails in the park's rugged terrain. Geologically, the region features sedimentary layers from the Buttle Lake Group, including , shaped by ancient glacial activity. While Popsicle Peak is the only major official geographical feature bearing the name, similar striped rock formations in other regions occasionally receive informal nicknames inspired by their popsicle-like patterns.

Transportation and Machinery

In the realm of transportation, the nickname "Popsicle" is most prominently associated with the M-K TE70-4S class of diesel-electric locomotives, rebuilt by Morrison-Knudsen in 1978 for the Southern Pacific Railroad. These four units were created by repowering existing GE U25B locomotives with a Swiss-built Sulzer 12ASV 25/30 V-12 prime mover, producing 2,800 horsepower and enabling a top speed of about 70 mph (113 km/h). The distinctive livery—featuring red and orange hues reminiscent of the Daylight passenger trains—earned the machines their "Popsicle" moniker. Deployed primarily in freight service across Southern Pacific's western U.S. network, the TE70-4S locomotives represented an experimental effort to extend the life of aging U25Bs through European engine technology, though reliability issues with the Sulzer powerplants limited their operational span to roughly a decade. By the late 1980s, all units had been retired. In the 2020s, none remain in preservation, with the locomotives having been scrapped due to maintenance challenges and lack of parts for the specialized Sulzer engines. Beyond this notable rail example, "Popsicle" has appeared as an informal nickname for certain and automobiles featuring vibrant, striped paint schemes that mimic the dessert's layered colors, though such usages are anecdotal and lack widespread adoption in industrial or historical records.

As a Nickname or Alias

Manoel (born January 29, 1956), better known by his nickname Picolé—which translates to "popsicle" in —is a retired professional footballer who primarily played as a forward. Born in Pirajuí, , he began his career with Noroeste de Bauru in 1973, showcasing early promise as an attacker before transferring to major clubs. Picolé's most notable stint came with Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras from 1976 to 1979, where he appeared in 59 matches, contributing 13 goals during a period of competitive success for the team in the Brazilian Série A. He later played for Portuguesa Santista in 1978, Athletico Paranaense in 1983, and spent several years abroad with Puebla FC in starting around 1979, alongside teammate . His career wound down in the late with clubs like in , where he appeared in the 1988 Gauchão, before transitioning to coaching roles in the , including stints with Figueirense and Juventus de . The nickname Picolé, evoking the cool and sweet qualities of the frozen treat, was adopted during his youth and stuck throughout his professional life, reflecting a lighthearted aspect of his persona amid the pressures of competitive . In recent years, Picolé has served as a talent scout and evaluator for , continuing his involvement in the sport. Beyond sports, "Popsicle" appears rarely as a personal alias for other individuals, including in fictional characters like the Captain Popsicle from the Brazilian comic series Monica's Gang, though no widely recognized modern celebrities or public figures bear the nickname prominently.

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