Fact-checked by Grok 2 weeks ago

Rachel Robinson

Rachel Isum Robinson (born July 19, 1922) is an American , professor, and civil rights activist best known as the widow of Major League Baseball pioneer , with whom she shared a marriage from 1946 until his death in 1972. Following her husband's legacy in advancing opportunities for minorities, Robinson earned a degree in psychiatric from in 1959 and advanced to roles including director of at the Mental Health Center and assistant professor of at School of . In 1973, she founded the , which has provided scholarships and support to thousands of underserved students pursuing , reflecting her commitment to education and . Her contributions have been recognized with awards such as the 2009 UCLA Medal, the 2017 Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Baseball Hall of Fame, and the .

Early Life and Education

Childhood and Family Background

Rachel Annetta Isum was born on July 19, 1922, in , , to Charles Raymond Isum and Zellee Jones Isum. Her father, a second-generation Californian and U.S. Army veteran of , sustained injuries from a gas attack that led to early retirement; he worked as a bookbinder for the . Her mother, originally from , operated as a self-employed caterer and gourmet cook, providing services to affluent clients in Beverly Hills and . The family resided at 1588 36th Place in an integrated, middle-class neighborhood, where Rachel grew up alongside her two brothers, Charles ("Chuck") and Raymond. Zellee Isum emphasized cultural enrichment, arranging lessons for her children, visits to museums, and outings to the Exposition Park Rose Garden, fostering an appreciation for art amid opportunities uncommon for Black families at the time. Both brothers later served in , with Chuck piloting aircraft and going over . A notable family milestone occurred when Rachel was 10 years old: her father conducted a ceremonial burning of the home's paid-off on the front porch, marking achieved through diligent effort. Following Charles Isum's retirement due to declining health, Zellee assumed primary household responsibilities, securing employment while maintaining family meals and operations; she instilled in Rachel the principles of collective and mutual support, declaring they would "work together, and we'll have a wonderful life." Charles Isum died on March 6, 1941. The Isums prioritized education and communal responsibility, values that shaped Rachel's early development and later pursuits; she attended in .

Academic Training and Influences

Rachel Robinson completed her undergraduate studies at the (UCLA), earning a degree in in 1945. Her time at UCLA, where she pursued as a student, introduced her to , though her coursework emphasized practical healthcare training amid the demands of II-era education. Following Jackie Robinson's retirement from in 1956, she advanced her specialization by enrolling in the Graduate School of Nursing at (NYU), from which she graduated with a degree in psychiatric nursing in 1961. This postgraduate focus on psychiatric care reflected her interest in research and clinical practice, building directly on her foundational education to prepare for roles in hospital administration and academia. Her academic path was shaped by a commitment to nursing as a profession offering stability and service, particularly in underserved communities, though specific mentors or pivotal influences from her UCLA or NYU tenures are not prominently documented in primary accounts. The rigorous clinical and research-oriented curricula at both institutions equipped her for subsequent positions, including research at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and professorships in .

Marriage to Jackie Robinson

Courtship and Early Relationship

Rachel Isum, a student, first encountered on the UCLA on September 1, 1940, during his senior year as a multi-sport athlete excelling in , , , and . She was initially wary of his campus fame, expecting a large ego, but their interactions at Kerckhoff Hall, a hub for Black students, led to mutual respect as she observed his character beyond his athletic prowess. Their courtship began shortly after, with Robinson inviting Isum to a football dinner as their first date, marking the start of a relationship that blended personal affection with shared ambitions amid racial barriers on campus and beyond. By 1941, Robinson proposed , presenting Isum with an , though she prioritized completing her nursing studies while he faced uncertain post-collegiate prospects in and . The relationship endured separations, including Robinson's U.S. Army service from 1942 to 1944, sustained by correspondence that deepened their bond despite external pressures like societal and career instability. Isum's determination to graduate and Robinson's transition to professional baseball with the in 1945 tested their commitment, yet they proceeded with wedding plans, culminating in their marriage on February 10, 1946, at the Independent Church of Christ in , just before his integration of . This early phase highlighted Isum's steady influence, providing emotional support that Robinson later credited for bolstering his resilience against discrimination.

Family Dynamics and Challenges

Rachel Robinson provided essential emotional support to Jackie during his baseball career, managing responsibilities and shielding the family from external hostility, including intercepting threatening mail directed at them due to efforts. The couple's partnership emphasized mutual resilience, with Rachel balancing her studies and early career alongside raising their three children—Jackie Jr. (born November 18, 1946), (born January 13, 1950), and (born May 1952)—amid frequent relocations from to , , and eventually , in 1954. Housing posed ongoing barriers, as Rachel encountered rejections from white agents in before securing a home at 103 Cascade Road with assistance from neighbor Andrea Simon. Family dynamics reflected traditional gender roles influenced by Rachel's upbringing, where she tended to pamper the sons while encouraging independence in daughter , fostering a oriented toward and social awareness but strained by the intense public scrutiny of Jackie's legacy. Jackie's demanding schedule and health deterioration—exacerbated by and heart issues—placed additional burdens on Rachel, who graduated from NYU nursing school in and advanced to psychiatric specialization while maintaining family stability. Post-retirement in , tensions arose from Jackie's business ventures and activism, though Rachel's counsel helped navigate these transitions. The most profound challenges emerged with the children's struggles, particularly Jackie Jr., who returned from Vietnam service injured and developed a heroin addiction, leading to an arrest in March 1968 and entry into the Daytop rehabilitation program. Despite progress in recovery, Jackie Jr. died at age 24 in a car crash on June 17, 1971, shortly after leaving rehab, an event that intensified family grief under the shadow of his father's fame. Jackie's own death from a heart attack on October 24, 1972, at age 53 compounded these losses, leaving Rachel to rebuild amid emotional collapse before resuming leadership in family and legacy preservation. Sharon and David faced legacy pressures but drew on Rachel's resilience, with the family proceeding with a planned jazz concert tribute just two weeks after Jackie Jr.'s funeral to honor commitments. Rachel's role as anchor persisted, guiding the remaining family through isolation and public expectations without succumbing to prolonged despair.

Professional Career

Nursing Practice and Psychiatric Specialization

Rachel Robinson pursued specialization in psychiatric nursing after earning a degree in the field from . This advanced training equipped her for clinical and research roles focused on care, building on her foundational from the , obtained on June 1, 1945. In May 1961, following her graduate studies, Robinson began psychiatric practice as a clinical nurse at a hospital in , . She advanced to head of psychiatric at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, where she worked as both a and researcher in the department of for several years. In these capacities, she engaged directly in patient care and investigative work related to psychiatric disorders, emphasizing evidence-based approaches to treatment. Her psychiatric specialization distinguished her practice amid a period of evolving methodologies, including increased focus on therapeutic interventions and institutional reforms in the . Robinson's roles underscored a commitment to hands-on clinical expertise, informing her later contributions to administration.

Academic and Administrative Roles

Rachel Robinson pursued advanced roles in psychiatric nursing following her master's degree from New York University. From 1960 to 1965, she served as a nurse-therapist and researcher at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in , focusing on care practices. In 1965, she joined School of as an , a position she held until , where she contributed to education and in psychiatric specialties. Concurrently, from 1969 to , Robinson held the administrative role of director of at the Connecticut Center in New Haven, overseeing clinical operations and staff training in psychiatric care. Her tenure at Yale elevated her status as a distinguished educator in , emphasizing evidence-based approaches to treatment amid evolving standards in the field during the late 1960s and early 1970s. These roles underscored her expertise in bridging clinical practice with academic instruction, though she transitioned from full-time academia after 1972 to focus on following her husband's death.

Civil Rights Engagement

Support During Jackie's Baseball Era

Rachel Robinson accompanied her husband Jackie to with the in February 1946, becoming the only spouse permitted in camp, where they encountered severe under in , including restricted housing and dining options limited to Black establishments. She provided immediate emotional reinforcement by validating his experiences of during travel disruptions, such as being bumped from flights, which solidified their partnership as a bulwark against external pressures. During Jackie's 1947 integration of with the , Rachel attended his debut on April 15 at alongside their infant son, Jackie Jr., born November 18, , and supported him through pervasive racial abuse by attending every home game and joining road trips, positioning herself in the stands to partially obscure him from taunts. She intercepted threatening , forwarding severe ones—particularly those endangering their children—to Dodgers management, while maintaining daily post-game debriefs to process hostility without retaliation, adhering to the non-violence pact imposed on Jackie. Rachel herself defied , such as using a "white women only" restroom in New Orleans in , and cultivated humor amid racist incidents to sustain Jackie's resolve. Throughout Jackie's ten seasons (1947–1956), Rachel managed family stability amid frequent travel, raising three children—Sharon (born 1950) and (born 1952) joining Jackie Jr.—in successive residences before relocating to , in 1954 despite housing discrimination. She upheld their home as a deliberate sanctuary from , later recalling a mutual pledge: "We had a pledge to each other that we were going to try to keep the house a haven," which fortified Jackie's endurance against death threats and isolation from teammates. This relational dynamic, as Rachel described, intensified their unity under pressure rather than fracturing it.

Independent Activism and Housing Efforts

Following Jackie's death on October 24, 1972, Rachel Robinson incorporated the Jackie Robinson Development Corporation to construct and manage for low- and moderate-income families, drawing on her experiences with racial discrimination in housing during their time in , in the 1950s. As president of the corporation for approximately ten years, she partnered with the Halpern Building Corporation to develop over 1,300 units in and , while also overseeing the training of property managers to ensure effective operations. These projects addressed persistent barriers to housing access for underserved communities, reflecting her commitment to economic empowerment independent of her husband's legacy. Robinson's housing efforts extended her broader civil rights activism, which emphasized practical interventions over symbolic gestures, such as her earlier joint hosting of annual fundraisers at their Stamford home starting in to support bail funds for imprisoned activists. Through the Development Corporation, she realized Jackie Robinson's vision for but led the initiative herself, demonstrating business acumen in amid ongoing racial inequities in urban housing markets. The corporation's focus on moderate-income housing contributed to measurable outcomes in family stability and neighborhood integration, though specific long-term occupancy data remains limited in available records.

Jackie Robinson Foundation

Founding and Organizational Development

Rachel Robinson founded the in 1973, one year after her husband Jackie Robinson's death on October 24, 1972, by incorporating the organization as a public nonprofit to perpetuate his legacy through educational support. She gathered a group of family and friends, including key figures such as Charles T. Williams, Franklin Williams, and Martin Edelman, to establish the foundation's initial mission of providing four-year scholarships, mentoring, job placement, and leadership development to motivated, financially needy college students, particularly from minority backgrounds. The foundation's early efforts focused on securing corporate partnerships, beginning with Chesebrough-Ponds in 1973, which offered scholarships of up to $2,000 per recipient. Organizational growth accelerated in the late 1970s and 1980s through geographic expansion and program enhancements. In 1978, the foundation partnered with UCLA to extend its reach to the and opened its first office in Brooklyn, New York. The following year, it launched its first independent awards dinner, introducing the Robie Awards to recognize supporters and raise funds. During the 1980s, additional corporate collaborators such as and Merrill Lynch joined, enabling scholarship grants to increase to $4,000 per student and supporting broader leadership initiatives. By the late and early , the foundation had solidified its financial base with significant , including $1.7 million from the Starr Foundation between 1998 and 2003, which sustained over 100 scholars annually. In 2004, Della Britton Baeza assumed the role of , overseeing to a current cohort of 242 scholars and fellows, alongside the development of specialized programs like the annual Mentoring and Leadership Conference and the "42 Strategies for Success" curriculum. The organization maintained a self-sustaining model reliant on private funding, avoiding government dependence, and by 2022 had disbursed over $95 million in and support to more than 1,700 scholars while launching the Jackie Museum in to enhance educational outreach.

Programs, Scholarships, and Measurable Outcomes

The Jackie Robinson Foundation's flagship scholarship program awards up to $35,000 per recipient over four undergraduate years to high-achieving minority students from low-income backgrounds who demonstrate leadership potential and commitment to community service. This financial aid complements institutional support and is paired with mandatory participation in the Mentoring and Leadership Development Program, which includes an annual four-day conference in New York City focused on career guidance, internships, job placement assistance, leadership training, and cultural immersion activities. Scholars must complete community service requirements, accumulating over 4,500 hours annually across the cohort, to foster ongoing civic engagement. Supplementary initiatives expand access beyond undergraduate studies. The Rachel Robinson International Fellowship supports work-study experiences abroad, such as school construction projects in , to build global competencies among select scholars. The Fellowship provides up to $10,000 annually (averaging $7,400) for graduate or professional degrees, having disbursed $1.85 million to 120 fellows since 2006. These programs emphasize a of 42 "Strategies" derived from Jackie Robinson's life principles, delivered through workshops, regional events, and digital platforms to enhance personal and professional development. Outcomes demonstrate sustained impact: as of recent reports, the has supported more than 2,200 scholars and attending 316 colleges and universities, with total grants exceeding $121.5 million since 1973. Scholars achieve a 98% college graduation rate—more than double the national average for American students—attributable to the integrated financial and mentoring support. Among , 62% pursue and complete graduate degrees, 55% attain management-level positions, and 63% remain active in , reflecting long-term professional and civic contributions.

Awards, Honors, and Recognition

Professional Accolades in Nursing and Education

Rachel Robinson was awarded the Florence Nightingale Award for clinical excellence in 1945 upon graduating from the School of , an honor selected by her peers recognizing her as the most outstanding clinical nurse in the class. This accolade highlighted her early proficiency in psychiatric , where she specialized following her . In her academic career, Robinson held positions as an associate and of clinical at the Yale School of Nursing, contributing to psychiatric nursing education and training. Her professional impact in education earned her twelve honorary doctorates from institutions including St. John's College, , and Marymount College, bestowed in recognition of her scholarly and teaching contributions. UCLA conferred its highest honor, the UCLA Medal, upon Robinson in 2009, specifically citing her lifetime dedication to alongside her social activism. These recognitions underscore her dual expertise in advancing practice and academic instruction in fields.

Civic and Philanthropic Honors

Rachel Robinson received the Candace Award for Distinguished Service from the National Coalition of 100 Black Women, recognizing her leadership in civil rights and . She also earned the Equitable Life Black Achievers Award for her contributions to social advancement and the Associated Black Charities Black History Makers Award for exemplary philanthropic impact. In 2013, the Fairfield County Bar Association presented Robinson with its Freedom Award, honoring her lifelong dedication to civil rights advocacy and equality efforts. The following year, in 2014, she was awarded the Keogh Award for Distinguished Public Service by , acknowledging her public contributions as an educator, activist, and foundation leader. Robinson's philanthropic work received further recognition through the 2017 John Jordan Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, which honors individuals for promoting diversity and inclusion beyond the field, aligning with her foundation's mission to support minority education and opportunity. These accolades underscore her role in sustaining civil rights progress and fostering through sustained community involvement.

Later Life and Legacy

Post-Retirement Activities and Health

Following the death of her husband, , on October 24, 1972, Rachel Robinson assumed the presidency of the Jackie Robinson Construction Corporation just weeks later, renaming it the Jackie Robinson Development Corporation to focus on initiatives; under her , the firm constructed 1,600 units of low-income housing in the years immediately afterward. In 1973, she established the to provide college scholarships, internships, and training to minority students, an organization she chaired for decades while overseeing its growth into a major educational philanthropy. Concurrently, she advanced her career, serving as director of for the Connecticut Mental Health Center in New Haven and as an assistant professor of at , roles she held into the late before transitioning to status. In her later decades, Robinson contributed to cultural preservation efforts, including advocacy for the Museum and Stewart Uhuru Park in , which opened in 2024 after years of fundraising under her guidance; she participated in its planning and ceremonial events despite advancing age. She has also engaged in public commemorations of her husband's legacy, such as attending events and foundation milestones, while residing in . As of July 19, 2025, Robinson turned 103 years old, marking her as the enduring steward of her family's civil rights and philanthropic endeavors amid advanced age; public tributes from institutions like and the Players Association highlight her continued symbolic influence, with no reported major health impairments detailed in recent accounts. Her longevity has been noted in profiles emphasizing resilience, though she has largely delegated day-to-day foundation operations to successors while retaining honorary chair status.

Enduring Impact and Empirical Contributions

Rachel Robinson's establishment of the in 1973 has produced measurable outcomes in access for minority youth, with the organization awarding over $121.5 million in grants to more than 2,200 attending 316 and universities. These scholars have achieved a consistent 98% college graduation rate, exceeding double the national average for African American students and reflecting the foundation's intensive mentoring and support model. This success metric underscores the foundation's efficacy in addressing achievement gaps identified by Robinson, who drew from her and educational background to prioritize structured guidance alongside financial aid. Beyond scholarships, the foundation's alumni network has contributed to professional fields, with graduates entering sectors such as , , , and , thereby extending Robinson's emphasis on and . Empirical data from the organization's reports indicate sustained high retention and completion rates, attributing these to comprehensive programming including internships, career counseling, and , which have yielded nearly 100% graduation in select cohorts. Robinson's oversight until her later years ensured alignment with evidence-based interventions, countering broader systemic barriers in minority education without reliance on unsubstantiated narratives. Her broader legacy includes advancing housing equity through early activism, such as challenging discriminatory practices in , during the 1960s, though quantifiable impacts like units developed or policies influenced remain less documented in primary records compared to the foundation's metrics. Overall, Robinson's contributions emphasize causal links between targeted support and outcomes, prioritizing empirical persistence over symbolic gestures in perpetuating interracial progress.

Cultural Portrayals

Depictions in Film, Literature, and Media

Rachel Robinson has been portrayed in biographical films centered on her husband Jackie Robinson's integration of Major League Baseball. In the 1950 semiautobiographical film The Jackie Robinson Story, directed by Alfred E. Green, she was depicted by actress Ruby Dee as a steadfast partner enduring racial hostility alongside Jackie during his time with the Brooklyn Dodgers and earlier in the Negro Leagues. The portrayal emphasized her emotional support and resilience, drawing from real events such as their courtship at UCLA and relocation to Montreal for Jackie's minor league stint in 1946. The 2013 production , directed by and starring as Jackie, featured as Rachel, showcasing her as a calming influence amid threats and isolation faced by the couple in 1947. Beharie's performance highlighted specific incidents, including Rachel's advocacy for Jackie's mental fortitude against taunts from players like Ben Chapman, reflecting documented accounts of her role in preventing his resignation from the Dodgers. In documentary media, Rachel has appeared as herself in ' four-hour PBS production (2016), where she provides narration and interviews detailing their marriage from 1946 until Jackie's death in 1972, underscoring her advocacy for civil rights and education post-retirement. The film uses archival footage and her testimony to depict her as an active participant in Jackie's activism, including their joint opposition to housing discrimination in during the 1950s. Earlier documentaries, such as segments in specials, similarly feature her recollections, though these prioritize factual testimony over dramatization. Literature on Rachel is primarily nonfictional, with her character woven into biographies of Jackie rather than standalone fictional depictions. In works like Arnold Rampersad's Jackie Robinson: A Biography (1997), she is described through letters and interviews as the strategic thinker behind family decisions, such as relocating to Stamford, Connecticut, in 1955 to escape urban tensions. Yohuru Williams and David Checkoway's Call Him Jack: The Story of Jackie Robinson, Black Freedom Fighter (2023) portrays her as a nurse-educator influencing Jackie's shift to business and politics, based on her archived correspondences. These accounts avoid romanticization, grounding her role in verifiable contributions like founding the Jackie Robinson Foundation in 1973.

References

  1. [1]
    At 103, Rachel Robinson's Legacy as a Nurse and Civil Rights ...
    Oct 17, 2025 · Her achievements as a psychiatric nursing leader and educator helped expand opportunities for others in the field, paving the way for future ...
  2. [2]
    #Shortstops: Rachel's legacy | Baseball Hall of Fame
    Rachel Robinson has been a researcher, activist, professor and registered nurse – as well as the recipient of the Commissioner's Historic Achievement Award.
  3. [3]
    2017 Buck O'Neil Award Winner Rachel Robinson
    She became the director of nursing for the Connecticut Mental Health Center and an assistant professor of nursing ...
  4. [4]
    Rachel Robinson selected as 2019 SABR Dorothy Seymour Mills ...
    May 29, 2019 · She is the recipient of many awards over her long and distinguished career, including the Candace Award for Distinguished Service from the ...<|separator|>
  5. [5]
    Rachel Robinson - Society for American Baseball Research
    Apr 14, 2021 · Rachel Annetta Isum took her first breath on July 19, 1922, in Los Angeles, to parents Zellee and Charles Raymond Isum. Zellee Jones was born in ...
  6. [6]
    Rachel Robinson
    Born July 19, 1922, Rachel Isum grew up in Los Angeles with her parents, Zellee and Charles Raymond Isum, and two brothers, Charles and Raymond.
  7. [7]
    Rachel Robinson: The Survivor - The New York Times Web Archive
    When she was 10, her father held a solemn front-porch ceremony to burn the mortgage after his final payment. When failing health forced him to retire, her ...Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
  8. [8]
    Happy 103rd birthday to Rachel Robinson, who remains a driving ...
    Jul 19, 2025 · Rachel Isum Robinson (1922-) was the wife of baseball player Jackie Robinson. She was a nurse, educator, activist, and civil rights leader ...
  9. [9]
    Rachel Robinson: A Trailblazer in Her Own Right - Black Mail
    Feb 9, 2025 · After excelling academically, she attended the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where she met Jackie Robinson. At UCLA, Rachel ...<|separator|>
  10. [10]
    Jackie's Story | Jackie Robinson Training Complex - MLB.com
    On Feb. 10, 1946, Robinson married Rachel Isum in Los Angeles, six years after meeting as students at UCLA. In November of that year, the couple's first ...
  11. [11]
    Jackie Robinson's widow and her impact beyond the game - ESPN
    Jul 19, 2022 · In 1961, Rachel graduated from New York University with a master's degree in psychiatric nursing. She was later the director of nursing for ...
  12. [12]
    Rachel Robinson Named Buck O'Neil Award Winner
    May 25, 2017 · Following Jackie's retirement from the playing field in 1956, Rachel earned a master's degree in psychiatric nursing from New York University.<|control11|><|separator|>
  13. [13]
    Jackie Robinson Foundation
    Jackie & Rachel meet. Los Angeles, CA. September 1, 1940. Jackie Robinson meets Rachel Isum on the UCLA campus. ... first African-American player in modern ...
  14. [14]
    Jackie and Rachel Robinson, A Love Story
    She got more than a kiss from him that year – she got an engagement ring. But Rachel wanted to finish school and Jackie had uncertain job prospects.
  15. [15]
    Rachel Robinson's Homecoming : She Recalls a Legend and Her ...
    Sep 2, 1987 · As her impressions became clearer, Rachel Isum's respect for Jackie Robinson grew, but she doubted that the two would ever become friends “ ...
  16. [16]
    Rachel Robinson, First Lady of Baseball, Turns 100
    Jul 19, 2022 · Jackie was already a multi-sport campus hero by the time he met Rachel. For their first date, Jackie took Rachel to a Bruin football dinner at ...
  17. [17]
    How Jackie Robinson's Wife Helped Him Break Baseball's Color ...
    Jan 28, 2021 · Jackie and Rachel Isum met at UCLA following her arrival for the fall 1940 semester. Jackie was already the Big Man on Campus, star of the ...
  18. [18]
    Wedding of Jackie Robinson to Rachel (Isum ... - Calisphere
    Jackie Robinson wed Rachel Isum at the Peoples' Independent Church in Los Angeles on February 10, 1946.Missing: engagement marriage
  19. [19]
    Rachel and Jackie Robinson and Housing Discrimination in ...
    Dec 6, 2023 · Rachel and Jackie Robinson and Housing Discrimination in Connecticut · “New Racial Plaint Filed in Stamford,” Bridgeport Herald, November 8, 1953 ...
  20. [20]
    A League of Her Own | Columbia Magazine
    After her brother's death, Sharon had watched her mother crumble and then put herself back together. Rachel Robinson, like her husband, was a fighter, and ...
  21. [21]
    The Sad Story Of Jackie Robinson Jr., The Baseball Great's Eldest Son
    just a year before his legendary father — in a horrific car accident in Connecticut on June 17, ...
  22. [22]
    Rachel Robinson's Legacy
    rr 1922 rr and mother zellee. 1922. Rachel Isum Born. Pasadena, CA. July 19, 1922. Rachel Annetta Isum is born to Charles R. and Zelle Isum in Los Angeles, CA.
  23. [23]
    Rachel Robinson - WIC Biography
    She was a psychiatric nurse at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Director of Nursing at Connecticut Mental Health Center, and Associate and an ...<|separator|>
  24. [24]
    RACHEL ROBINSON - Los Angeles Times
    Mar 31, 1997 · Rachel Isum was born and raised in Los Angeles. Her brother, Raymond ... Nursing while also serving as nursing director at the Connecticut Mental ...
  25. [25]
    https://teambrownapparel.com/blogs/additional-blogs/black-history-month-rachel-robinson-without-rachel-would-there-have-been-a-jackie
  26. [26]
    Robinson, Rachel 1922– | Encyclopedia.com
    She was a student in nursing at the University of California at Los Angeles(UCLA), where in 1941 she met and began dating Jack Roosevelt Robinson, a charming ...Missing: courtship | Show results with:courtship
  27. [27]
    Rachel Robinson - Jackie Robinson Foundation
    A career nurse, Mrs. Robinson earned her master's degree in psychiatric nursing from New York University and worked as a researcher at the Albert Einstein ...Missing: administrative roles
  28. [28]
    How Jackie Robinson's wife, Rachel, helped him break baseball's ...
    Jan 30, 2019 · Rachel Isum met Jackie Robinson at UCLA when she was a freshman and he was a senior. Jackie was a four-letter athlete and “a big man on campus,” as she ...
  29. [29]
    Our History - Jackie Robinson Foundation
    Forty-eight years ago, one year after the untimely death of Jackie Robinson on October 24, 1972, Rachel Robinson gathered a group of family and friends to ...
  30. [30]
    About Us - Jackie Robinson Foundation
    Established in 1973 by Rachel Robinson to perpetuate the memory of her husband, the Jackie Robinson Foundation is a public, nonprofit organization that ...
  31. [31]
    Scholarship Program - Jackie Robinson Foundation
    JRF Scholars receive college scholarships of up to $35000 over four years and are financially sponsored to attend JRF's annual, four-day “Mentoring and ...Apply · Application FAQs · YearbookMissing: measurable outcomes
  32. [32]
    [PDF] LEVELING THE PLAYING FIELD IN EDUCATION SINCE 1973
    The Jackie Robinson Foundation (JRF) was founded in. 1973 to address the achievement gap in higher education. Our celebrated scholarship program provides ...
  33. [33]
    Honoree - Rachel A. Robinson - Alumni - NYU
    Robinson is a corporate leader, activist, professor, nurse, wife, and mother. Robinson and her husband, Jackie, were major leaders in the civil rights movement.
  34. [34]
    [PDF] The UCLA Medal: Top Honors for Alumna Rachel Robinson
    The award is the university's highest honor and a tribute to Rachel's lifetime of dedication to education and social activism, especially her work since 1973, ...
  35. [35]
    Rachel Robinson honored in Stamford - CTPost
    May 4, 2013 · Robinson was honored by the Fairfield County Bar Association with the Freedom Award for her many years of work with civil rights. "Thank you so ...Missing: civic philanthropic
  36. [36]
    Rights Pioneers Edith Windsor and Rachel Robinson Are Among ...
    Apr 3, 2014 · Rachel A. Robinson – alumna of the NYU College of Nursing (1961); civil rights leader; creator of foundations in the name of her husband Jackie ...
  37. [37]
    Jackie Robinson's Wife, Rachel Robinson Is A Legend All Her Own
    Oct 6, 2025 · She founded the Jackie Robinson Foundation in 1973, devoted to offering college scholarships and leadership training to underserved young people ...
  38. [38]
    UCLA alum Rachel Robinson turned 103 years old over the weekend
    Jul 22, 2025 · Rachel Robinson, the widow of the late UCLA Bruin and baseball icon Jackie Robinson, turned 103 years old over the weekend.
  39. [39]
    The Jackie Robinson Foundation: A Legacy of Excellence and Impact
    Dec 21, 2021 · The Jackie Robinson Foundation was established to encourage, promote, and fund higher education for African American students.Missing: organizational | Show results with:organizational
  40. [40]
    Jackie Robinson Foundation - BTIG
    The foundation is distinctive for the depth of its mentoring program, which results in a consistent nearly 100% graduation rate among the students it serves.
  41. [41]
    Jackie Robinson's widow and her impact beyond the game - ESPN
    Jul 19, 2022 · Rachel Robinson has preserved the memory and legacy of her husband, Jackie, for 50 years. She is the founder of the Jackie Robinson ...Missing: outcomes | Show results with:outcomes
  42. [42]
    Rachel Robinson, First Lady of Baseball, Turns 99 | Common Dreams
    Jul 21, 2021 · Rachel has received honorary degrees from 12 universities and received numerous awards, including the Candace Award for Distinguished Service ...
  43. [43]
    Watch Jackie Robinson | Documentary Movie | Ken Burns - PBS
    Watch Jackie Robinson | Full Documentary. Jackie Enters the Majors. April ... Rachel Robinson discusses Jackie's stance against violence and the rhetoric ...About · Film Credits · A Conversation with Ken Burns
  44. [44]
    In Ken Burns' New Documentary, Rachel Robinson Finally Gets Her ...
    Apr 8, 2016 · Both films depict Rachel as Jackie's supporter, cheerleader, and helpmate, the person who comforted him when he faced abuse, and encouraged him ...Missing: literature | Show results with:literature
  45. [45]
    The life and legacy of Rachel Robinson, Jackie Robinson's wife
    Feb 27, 2024 · We speak with Yohuru Williams, co-author of the book “Call Him Jack: The Story of Jackie Robinson, Black Freedom Fighter," about the life and legacy of Rachel ...