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Red Hulk

Red Hulk is the gamma-mutated alter ego of General Thaddeus E. "Thunderbolt" Ross, a prominent character in Marvel Comics who transforms into a massive, red-skinned humanoid with immense physical power, serving as both a former supervillain and a redeemed anti-hero.^[1] Debuting in Hulk #1 (March 2008), the character was created by writer Jeph Loeb and artist Ed McGuinness as a direct counterpart to the Hulk, embodying Ross's long-standing obsession with capturing Bruce Banner's monstrous alter ego.^[2]^[3] Ross, a United States Army general first introduced in The Incredible Hulk #1 (1962) by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, became Red Hulk after allying with the Intelligencia—a cabal led by the Leader and M.O.D.O.K.—who exposed him to concentrated gamma radiation derived from the Hulk himself, granting him enhanced abilities in a bid to defeat his nemesis and resurrect his deceased daughter, Betty Ross.^[3] In this form, Red Hulk exhibits superhuman strength capable of lifting over 100 tons, near-limitless stamina, exceptional durability against physical and energy-based attacks, and rapid regeneration that heals serious injuries within minutes.^[1] He also generates intense body heat proportional to his anger—capable of melting substances like Spider-Man's webbing—and can absorb gamma radiation along with other energies such as the Power Cosmic, redirecting them as blasts or enhancing his power further.^[1] Retaining his military expertise as a skilled tactician and marksman, Red Hulk initially operated as a ruthless antagonist, clashing with heroes like the Hulk, Thor, and the Silver Surfer while eliminating foes such as the Abomination.^[1]^[3] Over time, he betrayed the Intelligencia, lost his powers temporarily in 2014, regained them, and transitioned to a heroic role, joining teams including the Avengers and the Thunderbolts under the leadership of figures like Captain America.^[3] In 2025, Red Hulk featured prominently in recent narratives, including his self-titled limited series Red Hulk (February–November 2025) and the Sam Wilson, Captain America (2025) series tie-ins to the film Captain America: Brave New World, portraying him as a complex figure grappling with his past as a war criminal and his drive for redemption.^[4]^[5]

Publication history

Creation and development

The Red Hulk character was introduced in Hulk (vol. 2) #1 in March 2008, created by writer Jeph Loeb and artist Ed McGuinness as part of a new ongoing series relaunching the Hulk franchise.^[3] Designed as a mysterious antagonist, the Red Hulk emerged as a direct counterpart to the Green Hulk, inverting key aspects of the original character's lore: while Bruce Banner's Hulk grows stronger with increasing anger, the Red Hulk's rage causes his body temperature to rise dramatically, generating intense heat and radiation that can melt surroundings or empower him through energy absorption.^[3] This conceptual twist drew from established gamma radiation themes in Hulk stories, positioning the Red Hulk as a volatile military figure obsessed with capturing or destroying the Green Hulk, evolving from pure villainy toward anti-heroic complexity.^[3] The character's identity was initially shrouded in secrecy to build suspense across the early issues, with clues and misdirections teasing connections to Hulk's rogues gallery. This mystery culminated in the reveal that General Thaddeus "Thunderbolt" Ross—longtime Hulk pursuer and Bruce Banner's nemesis—was the primary Red Hulk, empowered through a gamma-infused deal with the Intelligencia to revive his wife Betty Ross, as detailed in Hulk (vol. 2) #22-23 in 2010.^[3] Loeb's narrative emphasized Ross's transformation as a tragic escalation of his gamma-fueled vendetta, blending personal obsession with broader Hulk mythology. To expand the Red Hulk mantle beyond Ross, subsequent stories introduced additional bearers, reflecting Marvel's pattern of evolving gamma-irradiated identities. General Robert L. Maverick, a U.S. Army operative in Project: Troubleshooter, briefly became a new Red Hulk using enhanced S.H.I.E.L.D. Hulk plug-in technology, serving as a government asset in U.S.Avengers #1 (2017) before the power's time limit proved fatal.^[3] Later, in Immortal Hulk #45 (2021), the Hulk's Joe Fixit personality—a cunning, gray-skinned alter ego from Banner's psyche—manifested as a Red Hulk variant in the Below-Place, absorbing cosmic energies to gain red-hued strength and heat powers amid a horror-infused exploration of Banner's fragmented mind.^[6] These developments reinforced the Red Hulk as a multifaceted concept, shifting from singular antagonist to a symbol of gamma's corrupting influence on military and psychological extremes.

Major story arcs and publications

Red Hulk first appeared in the Hulk (vol. 2) ongoing series, launched in March 2008 and written by Jeph Loeb with art by Ed McGuinness and other collaborators, where the early issues from 2008 to 2009 centered on the character's violent debut, mysterious origins, and escalating confrontations with Bruce Banner's Hulk and associated gamma-powered allies like Rick Jones and Betty Ross.^[7] This arc established Red Hulk as a brutal antagonist who systematically targeted members of the Hulk's extended network, culminating in revelations about his ties to government conspiracies and gamma experimentation. The series' narrative emphasized Red Hulk's rage-fueled rampages across locations like Death Valley and the Savage Land, setting the stage for his role as a disruptive force in the Marvel Universe. In 2010, Red Hulk featured prominently in the "World War Hulks" crossover event, detailed across Incredible Hulks issues #600–605, where he formed a tenuous alliance with gamma-mutated characters including the Hulk, A-Bomb, and Skaar to combat the Intelligencia's plot to unleash powered Hulks on the world, including confrontations with the newly introduced Red She-Hulk.^[8] This storyline, building on prior gamma family dynamics, saw Red Hulk grappling with betrayals from figures like the Leader and MODOK while defending against berserk gamma creations, highlighting his strategic military background amid chaotic battles in Washington, D.C., and beyond. The event underscored Red Hulk's evolving position from lone operative to reluctant team player in the Hulk family's defense against existential threats. Red Hulk's involvement in the 2011 "Fear Itself" event further amplified his prominence, as depicted in Hulk #33–37 tie-ins, where he became one of the Worthy by bonding with the enchanted hammer Nul: Breaker of Worlds, transforming into a fear-empowered juggernaut akin to Thor's Mjolnir wielders. Empowered by the Serpent's influence, Red Hulk clashed with other hammer-bearers like the Thing (as Angrir) in brutal, city-destroying fights, ultimately contributing to the heroes' efforts to shatter the Serpent's hold on Earth. This arc portrayed Red Hulk's internal struggle with fear and power, marking a pivotal shift toward more heroic inclinations while showcasing his immense strength in global-scale conflicts. Following the 2012 relaunch of the Hulk line with Indestructible Hulk #1–20, Red Hulk was integrated into subsequent ongoing series, appearing in key arcs of Hulk (vol. 3, 2014–2015) and especially Immortal Hulk (2018–2021), where he battled cosmic entities including the One Below All, a malevolent force manipulating gamma radiation across realities. In Immortal Hulk issues such as #10 and #25, Red Hulk allied with Banner against the One Below All's avatars and the Hulk's inner demons, engaging in metaphysical and physical confrontations that explored themes of immortality, resurrection, and gamma's dark origins. These stories depicted Red Hulk's redemption arc, positioning him as a protector within the gamma-mutant community against eldritch horrors threatening the multiverse. Notable one-shots and tie-ins further developed Red Hulk's alliances and rivalries, such as the 2011 miniseries Skaar: King of the Savage Land #1–5, where he intervened in Skaar's battles against dinosaur hordes and rival kings in the Savage Land, forging a mentor-like bond with the young Hulk while clashing over leadership philosophies. Similarly, the 2019 Hulkverines #1–3 limited series by Greg Pak placed Red Hulk in a supporting role during the pursuit of Weapon H—a Hulk-Wolverine hybrid—highlighting tense team-ups with Wolverine and Banner against rogue experiments, emphasizing his tactical expertise in containing gamma threats.^[9] These publications illustrated Red Hulk's progression from isolated aggressor to a key player in interconnected Hulk narratives up to 2024.^[10]

Recent developments (2025 series)

In February 2025, Marvel Comics launched an ongoing Red Hulk series, written by Benjamin Percy and illustrated by Geoff Shaw, with the first issue released on February 26.^[4]^[11] The storyline centers on General Thaddeus "Thunderbolt" Ross, imprisoned in a Latverian "think tank" by Doctor Doom, who exploits Ross's military expertise for strategic war games amid Doom's global takeover scheme.^[12] To escape, Ross transforms into Red Hulk, forming uneasy alliances with fellow inmates like Machine Man and Deathlok, forming a ragtag crew to navigate the prison's dangers and challenge Doom's regime.^[13]^[14] Subsequent issues expand the narrative, with Red Hulk's team invading Latveria to confront antagonists including the werewolf-like War-Wolf and military figure General Ryker, who harbors schemes involving Ross's gamma-enhanced abilities, culminating in issue #10 released on November 12, 2025.^[15]^[16]^[17] The series delves into Ross's internal conflicts as an anti-hero, highlighting his rage-fueled redemption amid the chaos of Doom's rule, while testing the limits of his heat-generating powers in high-stakes battles.^[13]^[18] As a key tie-in to Marvel's 2025 "One World Under Doom" event, it integrates with broader crossovers involving heroes like the Avengers and Fantastic Four resisting Doom's worldwide domination.^[11]^[19] The series has seen moderate commercial success, with issues consistently ranking between the top 100 and 200 in monthly comic sales charts through September 2025 (e.g., #171 for #8, #192 for #9).^[20]^[21] Critically, it has received generally positive feedback for its intense action sequences, atmospheric artwork by Shaw and colorist Bryan Valenza, and Percy's exploration of Ross's complex anti-hero arc, earning average scores of around 7.5 to 8 out of 10 across major review outlets, though some critiques highlight ambivalence toward portraying Ross sympathetically.^[22]^[14]^[23]

Fictional character biography

As Thunderbolt Ross

General Thaddeus "Thunderbolt" Ross, a three-star U.S. Air Force general, first appeared in *The Incredible Hulk* #1 (1962), where he oversaw the gamma bomb test at Desert Base that accidentally exposed Bruce Banner to radiation, transforming him into the Hulk.^[24] Ross developed an intense obsession with capturing the Hulk, viewing him as a national security threat and resenting Banner for his romantic involvement with Ross's daughter, Betty Ross.^[3] This vendetta drove decades of military pursuits, including leading Operation: Hulk and the Hulkbuster program to hunt and contain the green behemoth.^[1] In 2008, after faking his death via a Life Model Decoy to infiltrate the villainous Intelligencia undetected, Ross was transformed into the Red Hulk through an experimental gamma serum injection orchestrated by the group's leaders, the Leader and M.O.D.O.K..^[2] Desperate to surpass the Hulk and protect his country, Ross embraced the power in Hulk vol. 2 #1, embarking on brutal hunts that included killing the Abomination and absorbing the Silver Surfer's Power Cosmic.^[3] As Red Hulk, he temporarily absorbed the Leader's enhanced intellect during a confrontation, granting him genius-level strategy but driving him to temporary madness until subdued by the Hulk.^[3] He also assumed leadership of the Intelligencia, directing their schemes to exploit gamma energy and undermine heroes like Banner.^[1] Ross's role evolved from outright villainy to reluctant anti-hero, joining the Avengers in Avengers vol. 4 #7 (2010) and leading the Thunderbolts in Thunderbolts vol. 2 #1 (2012) to redeem his actions.^[25] Ross was subsequently depowered in 2014 when the Hulk injected him with an anti-gamma serum during a confrontation.^[26] He then served as U.S. Secretary of State beginning in 2016, operating without powers while addressing gamma-related national security issues. Ross regained his Red Hulk abilities in 2019 and continued his involvement with superhero teams, though his powers brought ongoing challenges.^[27] However, escalating gamma instability caused uncontrollable overheating and power surges, forcing his exile to avoid endangering allies and the nation.^[3] Throughout these events, Ross's relationships remained fraught with conflict. His bond with Betty, poisoned by gamma exposure during his Hulk hunts and later revived as the Red She-Hulk in Hulk vol. 2 #15 (2009), was marked by betrayal when she opposed his rampages, leading to intense family confrontations.^[3] Similarly, his rivalry with Bruce Banner shifted from pure enmity to uneasy reconciliation, as shared gamma burdens and mutual respect emerged amid battles, though underlying tensions from past vendettas persisted.^[1]

As Robert Maverick

General Robert L. Maverick is a four-star general in the United States Army who served as a successor to Thunderbolt Ross in military operations involving gamma-enhanced threats.^[28] He was selected for his compatible genetic profile to undergo an experimental procedure as part of Project: Troubleshooter, a covert U.S. government initiative focused on developing human superweapons.^[29] Maverick's transformation into Red Hulk occurred through the implantation of an advanced "Hulk Plug-In" device, a S.H.I.E.L.D.-derived nanite injection system that granted him Hulk-like abilities on a timed basis, typically limited to one hour per use with a 24-hour recharge period.^[30] This more controlled variant of Red Hulk emphasized tactical discipline over uncontrolled rage, allowing Maverick to retain his distinctive mustache and aviator sunglasses even in his hulked-out form, symbolizing his pragmatic military mindset.^[31] As Red Hulk, Maverick clashed with gamma entities during black-ops missions and contributed to gamma containment efforts under government directives, often operating as a loaned asset to superhero teams.^[28] His key involvements included joining the U.S. Avengers, a patriotic squad assembled by A.I.M. (Avengers Idea Mechanics), where he battled threats like HYDRA while grappling with the limitations of his power source, which sometimes forced untimely reversions to human form mid-combat.^[31] During this period, he temporarily allied with other heroes against broader Hulk-related crises, sharing comparable strength levels to the original Red Hulk but with enhanced stability at the cost of duration.^[30] Maverick's tenure as Red Hulk ended with his depowerment when the Hulk Plug-In was deactivated with assistance from Iron Patriot (Toni Ho), rendering the device inoperable after prolonged use and intense battles.^[32] Following this, he transitioned to a civilian role as head of security for the tech firm Eaglestar, shifting his focus away from gamma experimentation back to conventional military strategy.^[32]

As Joe Fixit

Joe Fixit originated as the cunning, gray-skinned alter ego of Bruce Banner, emerging in The Incredible Hulk #324 when Banner's fragmented psyche manifested this more intelligent and manipulative persona during a nocturnal transformation. Unlike the rage-fueled Savage Hulk, Fixit possessed street smarts and a mercenary mindset, establishing himself as a Las Vegas enforcer known as "Mr. Fixit," where he handled security for casinos and engaged in opportunistic schemes for personal gain. This persona typically surfaced at night, reflecting Banner's dissociated identity struggles, and Fixit often prioritized self-preservation and profit over heroism. In the 2021 Immortal Hulk series, during issues #44-46, Joe Fixit underwent a dramatic transformation into a red-skinned variant after the U-Foes attempted to eradicate the Hulk using anti-gamma energy combined with cosmic radiation from member X-Ray. The procedure backfired, causing Fixit to absorb the radiation and adopt red skin along with heat-generation abilities, while retaining his sly, calculating personality. This red form amplified his physical prowess, allowing him to emit intense thermal energy and manipulate absorbed power sources, contrasting the standard Hulk's gamma-based strength. As Red Hulk, Fixit engaged in key exploits that highlighted his scheming nature, including battling demonic entities in the Below-Place—a metaphysical realm—and allying temporarily with other gamma mutates to counter existential threats like the One Below All. He manipulated alliances against General Thaddeus "Thunderbolt" Ross's original Red Hulk incarnation, using his heat powers to outmaneuver foes in high-stakes confrontations, such as shattering barriers between Hulk personas. Internal conflicts arose as Fixit's opportunistic tactics clashed with the Savage Hulk's primal fury and Banner's overarching psyche, leading to tense power struggles within the shared body. The red transformation resolved after an energy overload during a climactic battle, reverting Fixit to his gray form but leaving residual cosmic influences that exacerbated Banner's dissociative episodes in subsequent stories. This event underscored Fixit's thematic role as a foil to rage-driven Hulks, emphasizing survivalist cunning over destructive anger in the Hulk's multifaceted psychology.

Powers and abilities

Core physical attributes

Red Hulk's gamma-enhanced physiology provides him with a suite of superhuman physical attributes shared across its incarnations, mirroring many baseline capabilities of the Hulk while emphasizing raw power and resilience. At its core, Red Hulk exhibits vast superhuman strength, enabling him to lift over 100 tons under normal conditions.^[1] This strength forms the foundation of his combat prowess, allowing him to overpower formidable opponents and manipulate massive structures with relative ease. Complementing this power is exceptional durability, rendering Red Hulk near-invulnerable to conventional weaponry and capable of enduring assaults from gods and monsters without sustaining critical damage.^[1] His body can also withstand extreme environmental conditions, including nuclear-level blasts and harsh extraterrestrial atmospheres, due to the adaptive nature of his gamma-mutated cells.^[1] Superhuman stamina further enhances these traits, permitting sustained high-intensity activity—such as prolonged battles—without signs of fatigue or exhaustion.^[1] Regenerative healing represents another key attribute, with Red Hulk able to recover from severe injuries, including deep tissue damage and bone fractures, in mere minutes through efficient cellular repair.^[1] This process operates at a rapid rate, often exceeding that of standard human limits by orders of magnitude and allowing quick return to peak performance. Enhanced leg musculature grants superior leaping ability, propelling Red Hulk across vast distances in single bounds, such as traversing continents.^[1] These physical enhancements collectively make Red Hulk a relentless force, with occasional heat emission as a byproduct of exertion.^[1]

Unique energy and heat-based powers

The Red Hulk's most distinctive abilities revolve around his capacity for thermal energy generation and manipulation, which intensify in correlation with his level of rage. Unlike the Green Hulk, whose anger primarily augments raw physical strength, the Red Hulk's fury triggers a rapid increase in body heat emission from his skin, reaching levels capable of melting Spider-Man's synthetic webbing or transforming sand into glass upon contact. This heat-based power serves as both an offensive tool and a byproduct of his gamma mutation, allowing him to incinerate surroundings or deter close-quarters combatants without direct physical exertion.^[1] In addition to generating heat internally, the Red Hulk possesses the unique ability to absorb external energy sources, including gamma radiation and cosmic energies such as the Power Cosmic wielded by the Silver Surfer. This siphoning process enables him to draw power directly from adversaries or environmental sources, storing it to temporarily bolster his overall capabilities or redirect it as targeted blasts. A notable example occurred when he absorbed the Leader's gamma-enhanced intellect, effectively depowering the villain and transferring the energy to himself.^[1]^[3] The Red Hulk can expel accumulated heat or absorbed energy through plasma projection, primarily from his eyes in the form of searing beams that deliver concussive force or ignite nearby materials. This projection mechanism allows for versatile applications, such as precision strikes or creating explosive bursts during combat, but it is intrinsically tied to his rage-fueled overheating. Prolonged use or excessive energy intake risks systemic overload, where unchecked heat buildup can lead to uncontrolled eruptions or sudden power depletion.^[1] These thermal powers come with inherent vulnerabilities that demand tactical restraint. Excessive rage or sustained exertion causes rapid dehydration and muscular fatigue, as the Red Hulk's physiology functions like an inefficient reactor lacking proper cooling, leading to temporary weakness if not mitigated. This flaw has been strategically exploited in confrontations, such as battles where opponents like the Hulk prolonged engagements to force overheating and diminish his effectiveness.^[1]^[3]

Other versions

Marvel 2099

In the Marvel 2099 imprint, Red Hulk is reimagined as Ross Romero, an Alchemax employee and astronaut in the dystopian future of Earth-2099, where megacorporations dominate society. Introduced in Annihilation 2099 #3 (2024), Romero's transformation occurs during a mission to investigate a mysterious cosmic signal, leading his team to mine Ego the Living Planet. Exposed to Ego's dying essence, Romero absorbs the Power Primordial, mutating into Red Hulk and gaining immense cosmic strength capable of shattering planetary threats. This version carries forward the legacy of the original Red Hulk through its name and rage-fueled power, but adapts it to a high-tech, corporate-controlled era where such abilities position him as a rogue force amid interstellar dangers.^[33]^[34] Romero's powers are augmented by the Power Primordial, granting him not only superhuman durability and strength but also unique hyperspace jumping abilities that allow instantaneous travel across vast distances by punching through space-time. Unlike earlier iterations, this Red Hulk's energy manipulation draws from Ego's primordial energies, enabling him to battle grotesque, cancerous entities infesting the planet and even harness cosmic awareness for navigation. These adaptations make him a pivotal weapon against existential threats in the 2099 universe, where Alchemax's exploitative ventures into space exacerbate galactic perils. His role evolves from corporate operative to an independent powerhouse, echoing themes of militaristic overreach in a future dominated by unchecked technological ambition.^[35]^[36] In key storylines, Red Hulk allies with Spider-Man 2099 (Miguel O'Hara), a former Alchemax colleague, and Nova to combat cosmic invaders. Featured prominently in Conquest 2099 #3 (2024), Romero uses his hyperspace jumps to transport the team into battle against Dracula 2099 and the monstrous Spidercide 2099, who target Earth as part of a larger conquest. This partnership highlights Red Hulk's role as a defender in the fractured 2099 timeline, leveraging his powers to counter horde-like threats and prevent planetary devastation, while underscoring the imprint's exploration of heroism amid corporate dystopia and interstellar warfare.^[37]^[38]

Secret Wars (2015)

In the 2015 Secret Wars event written by Jonathan Hickman, a variant of Red Hulk known as the Red King rules as the tyrannical Baron of Greenland, the largest domain on Battleworld—a planet assembled by Doctor Doom from the shattered remnants of multiple realities to serve as his new domain after the multiverse's destruction. Greenland is a vast, irradiated wasteland teeming with gamma-mutated inhabitants, including tribal Hulks, Savage Hulk variants, and refugees fleeing Doom's regime, where the Red King maintains brutal order through gladiatorial combats and suppression of uprisings. The Red King, an alternate-universe incarnation of Thaddeus Ross transformed into Red Hulk, enforces Doom's laws with unyielding ferocity while consolidating his own power, absorbing gamma energies from Battleworld's volatile rifts to fuel his campaigns against dissenters. He clashes violently with incursions of gamma refugees and invading forces, notably battling the intelligent Hulk variant Doc Green (Bruce Banner), a barbarian Captain America, Devil Dinosaur, and other champions dispatched by Doom to quell the domain's instability after the Red King seizes control of key prisoners like Bucky Barnes. These conflicts escalate into domain-spanning brawls, with the Red King leveraging his core energy absorption to siphon power from multiversal leaks, briefly overpowering his foes amid collapsing landscapes. Battleworld's chaotic physics enhances the Red King's heat-based abilities, enabling him to generate massive plasma storms that scorch entire regions of Greenland, turning the tide in battles against gamma-enhanced hordes and reinforcing his role as a key enforcer in Doom's fractured empire. As the Secret Wars culminate in issues #1–9, the Red King's domain fractures under the weight of escalating incursions and Doom's faltering rule, leading to his defeat by the assembled heroes in the Planet Hulk tie-in miniseries. Though the Battleworld construct ultimately unravels, fragments of the event—including suppressed memories of gamma anomalies—persist into the restored primary reality, subtly influencing Red Hulk's subsequent activities in the main Marvel continuity.

Additional variants

In the Ultimate Universe (Earth-1610), Red Hulk does not appear as a distinct character, though militarized gamma-enhanced figures like the Hulk are featured in events such as Ultimatum (2009), where anti-mutant operations involve Weapon X technology.^[39] A prominent gender-swapped variant is Red She-Hulk, the alter ego of Betty Ross, who gains powers through exposure to gamma radiation mixed with other energies, distinguishing her from the male Red Hulk by retaining full intelligence and control during transformation, as well as the ability to absorb radiation to enhance her strength without overheating.^[40] This version first appears in Hulk #15 (September 2009), where she aids in crossovers but remains limited to supporting roles rather than a prolonged solo narrative.^[41] In the Marvel Zombies alternate universe (Earth-2149), a zombified Red Hulk emerges during the 2008 events of Marvel Zombies 3, where he retains his signature heat-generation abilities to aid in consuming undead victims, though driven by insatiable hunger rather than strategic intent.^[42] Alternate origins for Red Hulk appear in hypothetical "What If?" scenarios, but no verified 2023 tie-in issue depicts him as a heroic figure from inception; instead, such explorations remain speculative within broader multiverse tales.

In other media

Television

Red Hulk first appeared in animated television in the episode "Nightmare in Red" from the second season of The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes, which aired on October 20, 2012.^[43] In this story, General Thaddeus "Thunderbolt" Ross transforms into Red Hulk after exposure to gamma radiation manipulated by the Leader, leading to a confrontation with the Avengers and the Hulk; the character was voiced by Fred Tatasciore, whose deep, authoritative delivery emphasized Ross's military background. This debut adapted elements of Red Hulk's comic origins, portraying him as a vengeful counterpart to the Hulk with enhanced strength and heat generation abilities. Red Hulk received a more prominent recurring role in Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H., an animated series that ran from 2013 to 2015 on Disney XD. Introduced in the first-season episode "Red Rover" as an antagonist hunting the Hulk, Ross as Red Hulk eventually joins the team of gamma-powered heroes, shifting from foe to ally in story arcs that highlight his tactical expertise and heat-based powers, such as in the season finale "Planet Leader," where he aids in battling the Leader on the planet Sakaar.^[44] Clancy Brown provided the voice for Red Hulk throughout the series, employing a gravelly, commanding tone that consistently captured Ross's stern, no-nonsense personality across episodes.^[45] The character also featured in Ultimate Spider-Man, appearing across multiple episodes from seasons 3 and 4 between 2014 and 2016. In arcs like "Contest of Champions," Red Hulk teams up with Spider-Man and other heroes against cosmic threats, showcasing his role as a reluctant ally in gamma-related conflicts while demonstrating abilities like absorbing radiation to amplify his strength.^[46] Brown reprised his role here, maintaining the gravelly military inflection to align with Ross's authoritative demeanor.^[47] Red Hulk appeared in Avengers Assemble during its third season in 2016–2017, with key episodes including "Building the Perfect Weapon," where he assists the Avengers against the Leader's schemes, and "World War Hulk," depicting an out-of-control rampage that requires team intervention.^[48] These portrayals emphasized his heat powers in dynamic team battles, again voiced by Brown to ensure vocal consistency with prior series.^[49] Across these animated adaptations, Red Hulk's depictions toned down the intense violence and personal vendettas from the comics to suit younger audiences, instead focusing on themes of redemption, teamwork, and controlled use of his exothermic abilities within ensemble hero dynamics.^[50] Brown's frequent casting reinforced a unified portrayal of Ross's transformation, prioritizing gravelly tones that evoke military discipline over raw aggression.^[51]

Film

Thaddeus "Thunderbolt" Ross, originally portrayed by William Hurt in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), first appeared as a U.S. Army General pursuing Bruce Banner in The Incredible Hulk (2008), where he authorized the experiment that created the Hulk.^[52] Hurt reprised the role in Captain America: Civil War (2016) as Secretary of State enforcing the Sokovia Accords, Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and Avengers: Endgame (2019) as a key government figure during global crises, and a post-credits cameo in Black Widow (2021) from prison.^[52] Following Hurt's passing in 2022, Harrison Ford assumed the role as President Ross in Captain America: Brave New World (2025), building on this foundation to culminate in Ross's transformation into Red Hulk.^[52] In Captain America: Brave New World, directed by Julius Onah, Ross transforms into Red Hulk during a gamma incident orchestrated by the villainous Leader (Tim Blake Nelson), who manipulates Ross into ingesting gamma-radiated substances amid revelations of Ross's unethical past actions.^[53] This debut marks Red Hulk's live-action introduction in the MCU, with Ford's performance capturing the character's rage-fueled intensity as Ross rampages through Washington, D.C., causing widespread destruction in a climactic sequence.^[53] Key scenes include Red Hulk's brutal confrontation with Sam Wilson/Captain America (Anthony Mackie), where Wilson deploys his vibranium wings and shield in an aerial battle emphasizing themes of restraint versus unchecked military power.^[54] The transformation ties into Ross's broader arc, revealing his initiation of a secret Hulk-based Thunderbolts program to assemble anti-heroes for government operations.^[54] Visual effects for Red Hulk, handled by Wētā FX, highlight a distinctive red skin texture with subsurface scattering to convey muscular depth, complemented by a subtle heat haze aura that distorts the air around him.^[55] His powers manifest through environmental interactions, such as melting metal structures and igniting surroundings during the D.C. rampage, underscoring the heat-generation abilities akin to those in the comics but adapted for cinematic spectacle.^[55] The film's post-credits scene teases Red Hulk's future involvement in the upcoming Thunderbolts* (2026), where a captured Ross, post-transformation, is recruited into the team by Valentina Allegra de Fontaine (Julia Louis-Dreyfus), hinting at alliances among anti-heroes and further exploration of his dual role as a monstrous force and strategic asset.^[56] This setup positions Red Hulk as a pivotal figure in the MCU's evolving narrative of government oversight and superhuman control.^[56]

Video games

Red Hulk first appeared in video games in The Incredible Hulk (2008), serving as an unlockable playable skin for the Hulk in the Xbox 360 edition exclusive to GameStop, where his gameplay emphasizes heat-based attacks including energy blasts and absorption mechanics that tie into his comic abilities, predating his full comic debut but retroactively aligning with his character.^[57] Red Hulk appears as a playable character in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance 2 (2009), utilizing his superhuman strength, heat generation, and energy absorption in team-based missions and battles.^[58] In the fighting game Marvel vs. Capcom 3: Fate of Two Worlds (2011), Red Hulk is featured as an alternate costume for the Hulk, enabling players to utilize his form with signature moves such as the World Breaker hyper combo for massive area damage and special attacks incorporating energy absorption to build power during battles.^[59] Red Hulk appears as an unlockable playable character in Lego Marvel Super Heroes (2013), where he contributes to open-world exploration and combat through super strength for smashing environmental obstacles and interactive elements across levels.^[60] The mobile title Marvel Future Fight (2015) includes Red Hulk as a gamma-powered hero unit, with his ultimate skill "Gamma Rage" unleashing an area-of-effect assault that inflicts burns and fire damage, enhancing team strategies focused on sustained heat-based offense.^[61] In Marvel Contest of Champions (2014 onward), Red Hulk operates as a science-class champion with an overheating meter mechanic, accumulating heat charges to boost damage output and apply incinerate effects, particularly effective against mystic foes and energy-reliant opponents in alliance wars and quests.^[62]

References

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Red Hulk Powers, Enemies, History - Marvel
Red Hulk possesses superhuman strength (lifting 100 tons), stamina and durability and can regenerate from serious injuries within minutes.
[2]
https://www.marvel.com/comics/issue/17623/hulk_2008_1
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How General Thaddeus Ross Became Red Hulk - Marvel.com
Feb 11, 2025 · Follow General Thaddeus 'Thunderbolt' Ross' journey from Hulk's most personal nemesis to gamma-irradiated hero as the Red Hulk.
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Red Hulk (2025) #1 | Comic Issues - Marvel
Feb 26, 2025 · Browse the Marvel Comics issue Red Hulk (2025) #1. Learn where to read it, and check out the comic's cover art, variants, writers, & more!
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https://www.marvel.com/comics/issue/122214/sam_wilson_captain_america_2025_1
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Immortal Hulk Unleashes a Menacing New Red Hulk on the Marvel ...
Apr 8, 2021 · Joe turns into a mammoth version of the Red Hulk, rips the monster apart that's torturing them, and punches his way out through the other side of the Green ...
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Hulk (2008) #1 | Comic Issues - Marvel.com
$$1.99 Free delivery 30-day returnsPublished. January 09, 2008. Writer. Jeph Loeb. Penciller. Ed Mcguinness. Cover Artist. Ed Mcguinness. The First Appearance of Red Hulk!Missing: 2008-2009 | Show results with:2008-2009
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Incredible Hulks (2010) #600 | Comic Issues - Marvel.com
Jul 22, 2009 · WHO IS THE RED HULK?! THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN IS GOING TO TRY AND FIND OUT! GREEN HULK! RED HULK! SPIDEY! SECRETS REVEALED! A STORY SO BIG IT ...
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Hulkverines (2019) #1 | Comic Issues - Marvel
Feb 20, 2019 · It's Weapon H versus his predecessors-Wolverine and the Hulk! Once, the Weapon X program sought to recreate the world's two greatest hunters.Missing: Red | Show results with:Red
[10]
Hulkverines (2019) | Comic Series - Marvel.com
Browse the Marvel comic series Hulkverines (2019). Check out individual issues, and find out how to read them!Missing: Red | Show results with:Red
[11]
Marvel Launch A Red Hulk Ongoing Series In February 2025
Nov 14, 2024 · The series will be written by Benjamin Percy and drawn by Geoff Shaw, following their explosive work together on last year's "Sabretooth War" ...
[12]
Red Hulk Rages into 'One World Under Doom' in New ... - Marvel
Nov 13, 2024 · Benjamin Percy and Geoff Shaw's 'Red Hulk,' a tie-in series to 'One World Under Doom,' launches in February.
[13]
Red Hulk #1 Review - Weird Science Marvel Comics
Feb 26, 2025 · Red Hulk #1, by Marvel on 2/26/25, follows General Thaddeus “Thunderbolt” Ross as he tries to escape Doctor Doom's secret prison before the ...
[14]
Red Hulk Vol. 1: Prisoner of War review - AIPT
Rating 8.1/10 (1) Oct 22, 2025 · 1: Prisoner of War, from writer Benjamin Percy with art by Geoff Shaw and Bryan Valenza. ... With strong storytelling and engaging art, Red Hulk ...
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https://aiptcomics.com/2025/11/07/marvel-preview-red-hulk-10/
[16]
General Ryker Reveals His Plans For Thunderbolt Ross in Red Hulk ...
May 7, 2025 · Written by Benjamin Percy with art by Geoff Shaw, the ongoing series sees Thunderbolt Ross returning to his monstrous form as he tries to ...
[17]
Red Hulk #6 Review - Theron Reads Comics - Substack
Jul 9, 2025 · Red Hulk #6 represents a significant shift in the series as the action moves beyond Latveria and a direct confrontation with Doom's forces.
[18]
One World Under Doom (2025) #1 | Comic Issues - Marvel
Feb 12, 2025 · The world has woken up to a new reality: Doctor Doom, Earth's Sorcerer Supreme, has magically taken over every broadcast medium on the planet and declared ...
[19]
August 2025 Comic Book Sales Rankings
Oct 2, 2025 · The data for the August 2025 comic book sales rankings was ... 115 Red Hulk #7 (Doom) (Marvel Comics). 121 Robin & Batman Jason Todd ...
[20]
September 2025 Comic Book Sales Rankings
Oct 28, 2025 · Red Hulk #9 then fell to the number 192 spot. This title continues to get dreadful sales numbers. Fantastic Four Franchise. 17 One World ...Missing: figures | Show results with:figures
[21]
Red Hulk #1 Reviews (2025) at ComicBookRoundUp.com
Rating 3.9 (9) Writer: Ben Percy Artist: Geoff Shaw Publisher: Marvel Comics Release Date: February 26, 2025 Cover Price: $4.99 Critic Reviews: 9 User Reviews: 10 RED HULK ...Missing: critical reception sales
[22]
Red Hulk #1 Review - Major Spoilers
Rating 6/10 Feb 27, 2025 · BOTTOM LINE: NOT REALLY FEELIN' IT · Red Hulk #1 is going to come in how welcoming you are to the idea of Ross as a protagonist, much less as a ...
[23]
https://majorspoilers.com/2025/02/27/red-hulk-1-review/
[24]
https://www.marvel.com/comics/issue/8906/incredible_hulk_1962_1
[25]
Hulk (2021) #5 | Comic Issues - Marvel
Mar 30, 2022 · “SMASHSTRONAUT” part 5 of 6! As President Thunderbolt Ross rains down gamma-irradiated hell, Bruce Banner's Starship Hulk experiment faces ...
[26]
U.S.Avengers: Performance Review - Marvel.com
Feb 6, 2017 · General Robert L. Maverick, aka Red Hulk “On loan from the United States Government,” reminds Ewing. “General Maverick's last posting was ...
[27]
Robert Maverick (Earth-616) - Marvel Comics
General Robert L. Maverick worked for Project: Troubleshooter, the United States' latest off-the-books facility for the production of human weapons.
[28]
Every Major Marvel Villain That Joined the Avengers
Jan 6, 2025 · General Robert Maverick received an experimental device that allowed him to turn into the Red Hulk for approximately one hour at a time and used ...
[29]
U.S.Avengers: Call it a Comeback - Marvel
May 19, 2017 · He's dead as a doornail.” GEN. ROBERT L. MAVERICK – RED HULK. “The General's been chafing against his limited brand of Hulk powers for a ...
[30]
Robert L. Maverick (Character) - Comic Vine
Sep 9, 2025 · The man that Thunderbolt Ross thought "Was a little much," and a decorated army vet, Robert L. Maverick would become a new Red Hulk, serving as
[31]
https://www.marvel.com/articles/comics/u-s-avengers-call-it-a-comeback
[32]
Annihilation 2099 (2024) #3 | Comic Issues - Marvel
Jul 17, 2024 · Explorer Ross Romero's team ends up mining Ego the Living Planet! What makes Ross transform into an ALL-NEW RED HULK whose cosmic strength and hyperspace jumps ...
[33]
Marvel Officially Debuts a New Red Hulk, with One of Its Most ...
Jul 15, 2024 · Marvel's New Red Hulk 2099 Is A Disturbing Cosmic Twist On Classic Hulk Lore. Ross Romero's Origin Story ...
[34]
Marvel's New Red Hulk Showcases a Unique Power No Other Hulk ...
Nov 16, 2024 · 2099's Red Hulk has moved beyond mere strength, as his hyperspace jumping ability highlights his cosmic origins, growing power set, and sets him ...
[35]
'Annihilation 2099' Gives Rise to a New Empire That ... - Marvel
Apr 17, 2024 · Explorer Ross Romero's team ends up mining Ego the Living Planet! What makes Ross transform into an all-new Red Hulk whose cosmic strength and ...
[36]
Conquest 2099 (2024) #3 | Comic Issues - Marvel.com
Nov 13, 2024 · To stop DRACULA, SPIDER-MAN must blast into hyperspace with the help of NOVA and the RED HULK of 2099 as EARTH becomes SPIDERCIDE 2099's next target for ...
[37]
Conquest 2099 #3 Preview: Darkhawk's Solar Snack Time
Nov 10, 2024 · In Conquest 2099 #3, Spider-Man teams up with Nova and Red Hulk to stop Dracula, while Darkhawk threatens a star system.
[38]
Ultimatum (2008 - 2009) | Comic Series - Marvel
Browse the Marvel comic series Ultimatum (2008 - 2009). Check out individual issues, and find out how to read them!
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Red She-Hulk (Elizabeth 'Betty' Ross) Powers, Enemies, History
She possesses increased endurance and Hulk-like durability, with a high resistance to injury, extreme temperature variations and radiation, poisons and diseases ...
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Red She-Hulk (2012) #58 | Comic Issues - Marvel.com
Oct 10, 2012 · Browse the Marvel Comics issue Red She-Hulk (2012) #58. Learn where to read it, and check out the comic's cover art, variants, writers, ...<|separator|>
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Marvel Zombies 3 (2008 - 2009) | Comic Series
Browse the Marvel comic series Marvel Zombies 3 (2008 - 2009). Check out individual issues, and find out how to read them!
[42]
Red Hulk (2025 - Present) | Comic Series - Marvel
Browse the Marvel comic series Red Hulk (2025 - Present). Check out individual issues, and find out how to read them!
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Red Hulk | Marvel Database - Fandom
Red Hulk became a national hero (Earth-33124).
[44]
Earth's Mightiest Heroes" Nightmare in Red (TV Episode 2012) - IMDb
Rating 8.1/10 (429) SHIELD is apparently attacked by the Hulk, but Banner is accounted for elsewhere at the same time while this Hulk is red in color.<|control11|><|separator|>
[45]
Thunderbolt Ross - Wikipedia
The 2009 "Code Red" story arc also made allusions to the Red Hulk's real identity, and introduced Red She-Hulk. ... "Jeph Loeb's Red Hulk Interview". IGN. Cenac, ...Betty Ross · Glenn Talbot · Exothermic reaction · Hulkbusters
[46]
"Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H." Planet Leader (TV Episode 2014)
Rating 7/10 (110) Fred Tatasciore · Hulk; (voice) … Clancy Brown · Red Hulk; (voice). Seth Green · A-Bomb; (voice). Eliza Dushku · She-Hulk ...
[47]
Red Hulk Voice - Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. (TV Show)
Clancy Brown is the voice of Red Hulk in Hulk and the Agents of SMASH, and Kenichiro Matsuda is the Japanese voice.
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"Ultimate Spider-Man" Contest of the Champions: Part 2 (TV ... - IMDb
Rating 7.6/10 (184) Spider-Man is partnered with Captain America, Red Hulk and Iron Fist in a game of capture the flag against Sandman, Blastaar and Ymir. Then Spider-Man is ...
[49]
Red Hulk - Ultimate Spider-Man (TV Show) - Behind The Voice Actors
Clancy Brown is the voice of Red Hulk in Ultimate Spider-Man, and Kenichiro Matsuda is the Japanese voice. TV Show: Ultimate Spider-Man Franchise ...
[50]
"Avengers Assemble" Building the Perfect Weapon (TV Episode 2016)
Rating 7.3/10 (140) The Avengers alongside their new teammate, the Red Hulk, must stop the Leader from building and unleashing his secret weapon.
[51]
Red Hulk - Avengers Assemble (TV Show) - Behind The Voice Actors
Clancy Brown is the voice of Red Hulk in Avengers Assemble. TV Show: Avengers Assemble Franchise: Marvel UniverseMissing: animated | Show results with:animated
[52]
Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. (Western Animation) - TV Tropes
Agents of S.M.A.S.H. features the voices of Fred Tatasciore as the Hulk, Clancy Brown as Red Hulk, Eliza Dushku as She-Hulk, Seth Green as A-Bomb, ...
[53]
Red Hulk - Behind The Voice Actors
Voiced most times by Clancy Brown. Images of the Red Hulk voice actors from the Hulk franchise.Missing: animated | Show results with:animated
[54]
Harrison Ford Addresses Replacing William Hurt For Captain America
Dec 18, 2024 · William Hurt played Thaddeus "Thunderbolt" Ross in The Incredible Hulk, Captain America: Civil War, and Black Widow before his passing in 2022.
[55]
CAPTAIN AMERICA: BRAVE NEW WORLD Spoilers: Red Hulk's ...
Feb 13, 2025 · Captain America: Brave New World features the return of The Leader and President Ross' transformation into the rampaging Red Hulk.
[56]
Captain America: Brave New World Post-Credits Scene and Ending ...
Feb 14, 2025 · We'll tell you right here: There is one scene at the very end of the credits. Read on for more on that, but for now... Full spoilers follow!
[57]
Red Rage Unleashed: Designing Red Hulk for the MCU
Dec 8, 2024 · The character's heat emission is another key aspect of his design. Visual effects artists created a subtle heat haze effect around Red Hulk, ...
[58]
'Captain America: Brave New World Ending' and Post Credit Scene ...
Feb 15, 2025 · Captain America: Brave New World Ending, Explained: Who Won the Battle with the Red Hulk and What Did the Post Credit Scene Tease Next?
[59]
Games - Red Hulk - Giant Bomb
Red Hulk is secretly Thunderbolt Ross. He has appeared in The Incredible Hulk (2008) game and in Marvel Ultimate Alliance 2.
[60]
Marvel vs. Capcom 3: Fate of Two Worlds - Review
Feb 27, 2011 · Wolverine has his classic brown and yellow outfit, Hulk and She-Hulk can turn into their Red Hulk counterparts and Captain America can even go ...
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Characters - LEGO Marvel Super Heroes Guide - IGN
Oct 22, 2013 · Complete Juggernauts and Crosses. Red Hulk/General Thunderbolt Ross, Transformation, Super Strength ... Web Swinging, Super Strength, Telekinesis, ...A-Bomb · Aunt May · Taskmaster
[62]
Red Hulk | Future Fight Wiki - Fandom
He is the Red Hulk. MAX HP Recovery 10% (1 Sec.) All Attack +5%, All Speed +5%, Critical Rate +5% (5 Sec.) Enhances effect of skill, Absorb Radiation:
[63]
Red Hulk - Marvel Contest of Champions
Nov 3, 2014 · Red Hulk expects 3 Heat Charges to Incinerate his opponent, dealing 9656 Energy Damage over 8 seconds. This effect also removes Perfect ...