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Running board

A running board is a narrow ledge, step, or footboard located along the side of a , typically beneath the doors, designed to assist passengers in entering and exiting. Running boards originated in horse-drawn carriages in the early , where they served as practical aids for mounting and dismounting. They also appeared on early rail vehicles as steps for passengers and . With the advent of automobiles in the early , they became a standard feature on nearly all vehicles, necessitated by the high and large wheels that resulted in elevated ride heights. As evolved in , running boards began to disappear from passenger cars, with pioneering models like the 1936 Cord eliminating them entirely to achieve sleeker, lower profiles. By the 1940s, most sedans and coupes had abandoned them in favor of streamlined bodies, though they persisted on trucks and commercial vehicles for functional reasons. In modern applications, running boards have experienced a resurgence, particularly on SUVs, trucks, and crossovers, where they facilitate to higher seating positions and offer side against rocks, , and minor impacts. Available in materials like steel, aluminum, and rubberized coatings, they now blend utility with aesthetic appeal, often customized for style and durability.

Overview

Definition

A running board is a narrow, or step fitted along the lower side of a , such as an automobile, truck, or rail car, typically positioned beneath the doors to facilitate entry and exit. The term "running board" originated in the early , with the earliest recorded use dating to 1816, formed by "running" (referring to motion or operation) and "board" (a plank or flat surface). In contexts, it specifically denotes a narrow footway or walkway along the sides of locomotives or cars, predating its automotive application. Key characteristics of a running board include a flat or slightly curved surface for footing, often spanning the length between the front and rear wheel wells on automobiles, and positioned approximately 10 to 20 inches above the ground to bridge the height difference for users. Running boards were a standard feature on nearly all automobiles in the early .

Functions and Benefits

Running boards primarily serve as auxiliary steps on high-clearance vehicles such as trucks and SUVs, providing passengers with a foothold to facilitate entry and , thereby reducing the physical effort required to climb into elevated cabs. This function is particularly valuable for shorter individuals, children, or those carrying loads, as it minimizes the risk of slips or falls during boarding. In , they similarly offer safe access points for workers on railcars. A key protective benefit of running boards is their role in shielding the vehicle's lower body and doors from , including rocks, mud, and chips, which can cause dents or scratches during on-road or off-road travel. By acting as a barrier along the rocker panels, they help preserve the vehicle's structural integrity and cosmetic appearance, especially in rugged conditions. Beyond core utilities, running boards can function as mounting points for accessories such as auxiliary lights or grab handles, enhancing vehicle customization without compromising primary access. They also contribute to by concealing underbody gaps and providing a streamlined profile that complements the vehicle's design. Ergonomically, running boards lower the effective step height into the by 3 to 12 inches, depending on the model and installation, which benefits users with challenges, the elderly, or families by easing strain on joints and improving overall accessibility.

Historical Development

Origins in

Early rail s adapted step and platform designs from horse-drawn carriages for access, with footboards or running boards appearing on and freight cars in the 1830s and 1840s in and the to aid boarding and . These features facilitated on locomotives, such as side walkways for firemen and engineers to monitor equipment. Passenger cars, resembling stagecoaches, primarily used steps at doors and open end platforms for boarding, rather than continuous side running boards. In the U.S., lines like the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad introduced such four-wheeled cars around 1830, but access was via end platforms rather than side boards. By the 1850s, as rail networks expanded rapidly—particularly in the U.S., where track mileage more than tripled from about 9,000 miles in 1850 to over 30,000 miles by 1860—footboards became standard on locomotives and freight cars for crew use, including brakemen who ran alongside to apply manual brakes before air brakes in the 1870s. Early streetcars and trams, proliferating from the 1830s as horse-drawn vehicles, used end steps for passenger entry; side running boards for standing passengers emerged later with open electric trolleys in the late 19th century. Running boards gained prominence in luxury rail travel with Pullman sleeping cars in the , featuring elevated end platforms with steps for boarding upper berths and moving between cars. George Pullman's , launched in 1865, included reinforced steps on these platforms. Late 19th-century engineering diagrams show fixed walkways on sides for crew (#168) and tread boards (#378) with folding extension steps (#382) on passenger car platforms. The utility of external running boards and footboards waned after the with enclosed , all-steel construction, and safety improvements. Pullman's vestibule system, introduced in the and widely adopted by the early , eliminated open platforms. U.S. regulations under 49 CFR Part 231 mandated removal of roof walks and side running boards from freight cars by April 1, 1974, to reduce injuries, as air brakes, end-of-train devices, and radios made manual running obsolete by the .

Evolution in Automobiles

Running boards were introduced on early automobiles in the as a practical adaptation from horse-drawn carriage designs, similar to those used in for access. The 1907 Ford Model R, priced at $750, featured fenders and running boards, improving on the simpler mudguards of the Model N. These protected passengers from mud while aiding entry to high-chassis vehicles. The , launched in 1908, included them as standard. By the 1920s and , running boards were standard on automobiles, evolving from utility to stylistic elements, often chrome-plated. In the , they integrated into and designs for , as in the 1934 Hudson Eight Special with contoured lines. Their decline began in the late , with lower profiles and integrated bodies. Cadillac's 1938 Sixty Special eliminated them for wider bodies and more space. Post-World War II unibody construction, as in 1950s sedans, replaced them with seamless sills for modern silhouettes. By the early , they were obsolete in production cars.

Design and Variations

Materials and Construction

Running boards in their traditional form, prevalent on automobiles before the , were typically constructed with frames supporting wooden or rubber treads for durability and traction. These early designs often featured pressed bases, sometimes reinforced with wooden elements and covered in or vulcanized rubber mats to provide a non-slip surface. By the mid-20th century, emerged as a preferred material for frames due to its superior and longevity, replacing milder steels in vehicles to withstand environmental exposure. In modern , running boards predominantly utilize extruded aluminum alloys for their lightweight yet robust properties, allowing for efficient load distribution without adding significant . Other common materials include , , and composites for added durability and resistance. These are often finished with powder-coated layers—such as textured black or matte titanium coatings—to enhance resistance to , UV damage, and chipping, while inserts made of rubber or diamond-plate aluminum provide slip-resistant treads. Manufacturers like Dee Zee and TrailFX employ heavy-duty aluminum with diamond-patterned surfaces or alternatives, ensuring a balance of strength and in contemporary designs. Attachment methods for running boards generally involve bolting or directly to the vehicle's rails, with adjustable brackets enabling custom fits for different heights and models. Rocker integration is common, where boards mount flush using pre-existing body bolts or no-drill to protect the underbody while maintaining ground clearance. standards emphasize a load-bearing capacity of 300-500 pounds per side under ideal conditions, with widths typically ranging from 6 to 8 inches to accommodate secure foot placement.

Types and Styles

Running boards are available in several distinct types and styles, primarily differentiated by their structural shape, protective capabilities, and visual appeal. These variations cater to different needs while maintaining core functionality as entry aids. Traditional running boards consist of flat, rectangular platforms that span the length of the 's side, typically measuring 4 to 6 inches in width to provide a stable, straightforward stepping surface. This design, emblematic of aesthetics, emphasizes simplicity and full-length coverage for passenger access. Nerf bars, in contrast, employ tubular, round constructions—often 3 inches in diameter—engineered for off-road protection against rock and debris impacts, with integrated hoop steps for targeted footing. These bars became particularly favored on trucks during the and due to their robust, cylindrical form that doubles as a defensive barrier. Side steps represent a more contemporary evolution, featuring angled or drop-step configurations that lower the platform closer to the ground for SUVs, with wider treads spanning 8 to 10 inches to accommodate broader and improve ease of entry. This style prioritizes accessibility by angling the steps outward and downward, creating a more intuitive climbing path. Aesthetic variations further customize running boards to align with vehicle themes, such as polished finishes that impart a luxurious, reflective sheen suitable for premium models. Black powder-coat applications deliver a , rugged exterior resistant to , ideal for utilitarian or off-road setups. Additionally, illuminated LED-integrated versions enhance nighttime visibility by embedding low-profile lighting along the edges or treads.

Modern Applications

In Automobiles and Trucks

Running boards experienced a revival during the and , reintroduced as factory or aftermarket options on pickup trucks such as the (including the F-150) and the rising popularity of SUVs, coinciding with vehicle designs featuring higher ride heights for enhanced ground clearance and safety features. In the contemporary automotive market, running boards are commonly available as standard equipment on higher trims or optional accessories for full-size trucks, exemplified by the 2025 F-150 where they appear in various packages like the 6-inch Black Running Boards. These accessories serve specific applications in modern vehicles, particularly enhancing accessibility for lifted trucks by providing a secure, wide stepping surface that reduces the step-in height and minimizes fall risks during entry and exit. In fleet vehicles, running boards offer protection against urban debris such as rocks and road salt, shielding lower body panels from damage in operations. They are also favored in custom truck builds for automotive shows, where illuminated or stylized variants combine practical utility with visual enhancements to complement personalized aesthetics. Emerging trends include the adaptation of running boards for electric vehicles, where the added weight of battery packs necessitates higher ride heights for optimal performance and range; aftermarket options, such as power-retractable side steps, are available for vehicles like the to aid boarding while preserving ground clearance.

In Rail and Other Vehicles

In contemporary rail applications, running boards continue to be utilized on freight cars, tank cars, and maintenance vehicles to provide safe access for inspections and repairs, particularly where workers need to reach elevated or side-mounted components. These modern designs, often fabricated from galvanized steel or aluminum grating, incorporate anti-slip surfaces such as serrated patterns or diamond perforations to enhance worker safety and comply with federal regulations. For instance, companies like Miner Enterprises supply AAR-approved running boards for hoppers and covered hoppers, ensuring durability under heavy use. Similarly, Eaton's Grip Strut running boards feature skid-resistant serrations for railcar environments, reducing the risk of falls during maintenance operations. On heritage and specialized rail lines, running boards are retained for historical authenticity and practical access, such as on preserved steam-era locomotives or Amtrak's fleets where legacy equipment interfaces with modern tracks. For trams and systems, running boards appear in traditional configurations like San Francisco's cable cars, where open-end sections include exterior platforms for standing passengers during operation, supporting the city's historic fleet amid ongoing infrastructure upgrades in the 2020s. Low-floor vehicles, however, increasingly favor level boarding platforms as alternatives to traditional running boards, promoting without elevated steps. Beyond rail, running boards find applications in buses and shuttles, particularly transfer vehicles, where they serve as stable steps for quick passenger boarding in high-traffic environments; for example, customized steps on or ProMaster shuttle chassis facilitate efficient loading. In transports, tactical aluminum running boards are available for like Humvees, designed to support multiple troops during rapid boarding and capable of bearing the weight of fully equipped personnel without rusting or deforming. Emerging uses include e-bikes and vans for urban delivery, where foldable or fixed running boards provide footholds for passengers or secure attachment on models like the Lectric XP or RadWagon, aiding last-mile in congested cities. Regulatory frameworks emphasize safety enhancements for these components. In the United States, OSHA's 2016 Walking-Working Surfaces standards, stemming from a 2010 proposed rule, mandate that all walking surfaces—including those on rail cars and vehicles—be designed, constructed, and maintained to prevent slips, with requirements for slip-resistant materials where conditions warrant, such as on running boards exposed to weather or oil. These rules apply broadly to general industry, including rail maintenance, to reduce fall-related injuries. In the European Union, while directives like the Railway Safety Directive (2016/798) promote harmonized safety methods across member states, they focus on overall rather than specific phase-outs, encouraging anti-slip innovations in vehicle design for passenger and worker protection.

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