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SLS

The Space Launch System (SLS) is a super heavy-lift expendable launch vehicle developed by NASA to support human spaceflight missions beyond low Earth orbit, primarily as the core element of the Artemis program for returning astronauts to the Moon and enabling future Mars exploration.^[1]^[2] Drawing on Space Shuttle-derived components such as RS-25 liquid-fueled engines and five-segment solid rocket boosters, the SLS Block 1 configuration produces 8.8 million pounds of thrust at liftoff—equivalent to about 85% of the Saturn V's power—and can propel over 27 metric tons (95,000 pounds) of payload to translunar injection for lunar missions, or up to 70 metric tons to low Earth orbit.^[3]^[4] The program's development began in 2011 under congressional authorization to repurpose Shuttle hardware for cost efficiency, evolving into an "evolvable" architecture with planned upgrades: Block 1B adding an Exploration Upper Stage for 38+ metric tons to lunar vicinity, and Block 2 incorporating advanced boosters for even greater capacity.^[5]^[6] SLS achieved its inaugural flight, Artemis I, on November 16, 2022, completing a 25-day uncrewed orbital test that validated the rocket's structural integrity, propulsion systems, and integration with the Orion spacecraft, marking NASA's first deep-space launch in over 50 years.^[7] However, the program has encountered substantial challenges, including nearly four years of delays for Artemis I and billions in cost overruns on core elements like boosters and engines, pushing total development costs beyond $23 billion and per-launch estimates to approximately $4.2 billion through Artemis IV due to underestimating refurbishment needs for legacy hardware under fixed-price contracts.^[7]^[8] These issues stem from causal factors such as the mandate to sustain jobs and facilities across multiple states, which prioritized distributed production over streamlined manufacturing, resulting in low flight rates—limited to one every 12-18 months—and vulnerability to supply chain disruptions for obsolete components.^[9]^[10] Future blocks remain uncertain amid budgetary pressures, with NASA Inspector General reports highlighting risks of further overruns that could constrain Artemis timelines and scientific payloads.^[7]

Science and Technology

Space Launch System

The Space Launch System (SLS) is a super heavy-lift expendable launch vehicle developed by NASA to enable human and cargo missions beyond low Earth orbit, serving as the primary launch system for the Artemis program aimed at returning humans to the Moon and preparing for Mars exploration.^[2] It utilizes heritage components from the Space Shuttle program, including RS-25 liquid-fueled engines and five-segment solid rocket boosters, to achieve liftoff thrust exceeding 8.8 million pounds (39 meganewtons), surpassing the Saturn V's capability by approximately 15 percent.^[5] The SLS core stage, manufactured by Boeing, measures 200 feet (61 meters) in length and is powered by four RS-25 engines fueled by liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen.^[6] Development was authorized by the U.S. Congress in 2010 under the NASA Authorization Act, with formal program initiation in 2011, building on canceled Constellation program elements to repurpose existing infrastructure and reduce initial development costs.^[1] The SLS employs an evolvable block upgrade strategy to incrementally increase performance. Block 1, the initial configuration standing 322 feet (98 meters) tall, integrates the Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage (ICPS) derived from the Delta IV upper stage and delivers 95 metric tons to low Earth orbit (LEO) or 27 metric tons to trans-lunar injection (TLI) when configured for crewed missions with the Orion spacecraft.^[3] Block 1B replaces the ICPS with the more powerful Exploration Upper Stage (EUS), enabling 105 metric tons to LEO and up to 38-46 metric tons to TLI for cargo variants, facilitating deployment of large landers or habitats.^[3] Block 2 further enhances capabilities with advanced solid rocket boosters, targeting over 130 metric tons to LEO and more than 46 metric tons to TLI, supporting sustained lunar surface operations and deep space telescopes.^[3] NASA conducted the first SLS launch, Artemis I, on November 16, 2022, as an uncrewed test flight orbiting the Moon to validate the rocket, Orion spacecraft, and ground systems, achieving all objectives including a 25-day mission duration.^[11] As of October 2025, the Block 1 SLS for Artemis II—the first crewed mission, planned to send four astronauts on a lunar flyby—has been fully stacked at Kennedy Space Center, with Orion spacecraft integration scheduled in the coming weeks ahead of a target launch no later than April 2026.^[12] ^[13] Recent upgrades include an enhanced optical targeting system for Orion's manual guidance relative to the upper stage, improving mission flexibility.^[14] The program continues to face congressional scrutiny over per-launch costs estimated at $2-4 billion, though NASA emphasizes its unique single-launch capability for heavy payloads to cislunar space.^[5]

Selective Laser Sintering

Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing process that employs a high-powered carbon dioxide laser to fuse powdered materials, typically polymers such as nylon, into solid three-dimensional objects layer by layer, guided by a digital model.^[15] The technique belongs to the powder bed fusion category of 3D printing, where a thin layer of powder is spread across a build platform, and the laser selectively sinters—binding particles through heat without full melting—regions corresponding to the cross-section of the part at that layer.^[16] Unsintered powder remains in place, providing inherent support for overhangs and complex geometries, eliminating the need for dedicated support structures common in other additive methods.^[17] The process begins with the preparation of a CAD file, which is sliced into layers typically 0.1 millimeters thick. A recoating blade or roller evenly distributes fresh powder over the previous sintered layer, and the laser, often operating at wavelengths around 10.6 micrometers for polymer absorption, traces the pattern with speeds up to several meters per second, achieving resolutions down to 0.1 millimeters in the XY plane.^[15] After each layer, the build platform lowers by the layer thickness, and the cycle repeats until the part is complete; post-processing involves cooling, powder removal via sieving or blasting, and optional surface finishing like bead blasting or coating to reduce porosity and improve aesthetics.^[18] Build chambers are maintained in a controlled inert atmosphere, such as nitrogen, to prevent oxidation, with temperatures elevated to near the material's sintering point to minimize thermal stresses.^[19] SLS was invented in the mid-1980s by Carl Deckard, then a mechanical engineering student at the University of Texas at Austin, who conceived the concept by the end of his senior year in 1984 as an alternative to stereo-lithography for broader material compatibility.^[20] Deckard filed a patent application in 1986 under the guidance of advisor Joe Beaman, with the technology patented in 1989 and commercialized through Deckard's company, DTM Corporation, later acquired by 3D Systems in 2001.^[21] Early development focused on producing molds and prototypes from CAD data, addressing limitations in traditional manufacturing for complex, low-volume parts.^[15] Common materials include polyamides like nylon 12 and nylon 11, which offer durability and chemical resistance, as well as filled variants with glass or carbon for enhanced stiffness; metal powders such as stainless steel or titanium alloys are used in variants like direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), though true SLS emphasizes polymer sintering to distinguish from full melting processes.^[15] Ceramics and composites expand capabilities for high-temperature applications.^[22] Parts exhibit isotropic mechanical properties comparable to injection-molded equivalents, with tensile strengths for nylon parts often exceeding 40 megapascals and elongation at break around 20-30%.^[18] Applications span rapid prototyping for functional testing in automotive and consumer goods, end-use production of lightweight components in aerospace—such as ducting or brackets—and medical devices including surgical guides and orthopedic implants due to biocompatibility and precision.^[23] In aerospace, SLS enables consolidated designs reducing part count by up to 50% compared to machined assemblies, while in tooling, it produces durable inserts for injection molding.^[24] The process supports batch production, with build volumes up to 750 by 550 by 750 millimeters in industrial machines, yielding throughputs of several parts per day.^[25] Key advantages include support-free fabrication enabling intricate internal channels and lattices impossible with subtractive methods, high material efficiency with recyclability of up to 95% of unsintered powder, and scalability for small-series manufacturing without tooling costs.^[17] However, surface roughness averaging 10-15 micrometers necessitates post-machining for precision fits, and powder handling poses inhalation risks requiring enclosed systems, while material costs remain higher than filaments in extrusion printing, at approximately $50-100 per kilogram for nylons.^[26] Despite these, SLS's ability to produce functional, heat-resistant parts positions it as a cornerstone of industrial additive manufacturing, with ongoing advancements in multi-laser systems boosting speeds by factors of 10.^[18]

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate

Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), also known as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), is an organic compound and anionic surfactant with the chemical formula CH₃(CH₂)₁₁OSO₃Na.^[27] Its molecular weight is 288.38 g/mol, and it appears as a white to off-white crystalline powder with a faint odor.^[27] SLS is highly soluble in water, forming solutions that exhibit moderate concentrations of hydroxide ions due to its basic salt nature.^[27] The compound's amphiphilic structure, featuring a hydrophobic 12-carbon alkyl chain and a hydrophilic sulfate head group, enables it to reduce surface tension and facilitate emulsification.^[27] SLS is produced industrially by sulfation of lauryl alcohol (dodecanol), derived from coconut or palm kernel oils, using sulfuric acid or sulfur trioxide, followed by neutralization with sodium hydroxide.^[28] This process yields a high-purity product suitable for consumer and industrial applications, with global production emphasizing renewable feedstocks to minimize petroleum dependence.^[28] Purity standards, such as those in the National Formulary (NF), require at least 92% active ingredient, ensuring consistency in performance.^[29] In consumer products, SLS functions primarily as a foaming and cleansing agent in shampoos, toothpastes, soaps, and household cleaners, typically at concentrations of 1-2%.^[30] It denatures proteins in laboratory settings, such as in SDS-PAGE electrophoresis for separating biomolecules by molecular weight.^[27] Pharmaceutical formulations employ it as a solubilizer and wetting agent, classified as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for certain excipient uses.^[30] Its efficacy stems from lowering interfacial tension, allowing removal of oils and dirt from surfaces.^[31] Human health assessments indicate SLS has low systemic toxicity, with an acute oral LD50 of approximately 1,000-2,000 mg/kg in rats, classifying it as moderately toxic upon ingestion.^[32] Dermal exposure at typical cosmetic levels (below 1%) causes minimal irritation, though higher concentrations (10-30%) can induce reversible skin and eye irritation due to disruption of lipid barriers and protein denaturation.^[33] ^[34] Peer-reviewed reviews, including a 2015 analysis in Environmental Health Insights, affirm no evidence of carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or reproductive toxicity in standard use, countering unsubstantiated claims of severe harm from non-peer-reviewed sources.^[33] The Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel deems it safe up to 1% in rinse-off products, with prolonged contact formulations limited to avoid irritation.^[35] Environmentally, SLS is readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions, with primary degradation exceeding 90% within 28 days in standard OECD tests, reducing persistence in wastewater.^[33] However, acute aquatic toxicity affects fish and invertebrates at LC50 values of 4-10 mg/L, attributed to gill damage and membrane disruption, while chronic no-observed-effect concentrations (NOEC) are around 2 mg/L.^[36] ^[37] Regulatory bodies like the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have granted exemptions from pesticide tolerances for food-contact uses, reflecting low bioaccumulation potential (log Kow ≈ 1.6).^[38] Dilution in sewage treatment mitigates risks, though high discharge concentrations warrant monitoring in sensitive ecosystems.^[39]

Education

Student Learning Space

The Singapore Student Learning Space (SLS) is an online educational platform developed by the Ministry of Education (MOE) to serve as the core system for teaching and learning across Singapore's schools, from primary to junior college levels.^[40] It provides curriculum-aligned digital resources designed to support personalized and self-directed learning, enabling students to access materials both in classrooms and at home.^[41] The platform integrates interactive tools such as videos, simulations, educational games, quizzes, and polls to facilitate active engagement and mastery of subjects.^[42] Announced in 2013 by then-Education Minister Heng Swee Keat as part of efforts to leverage technology for educational transformation, SLS underwent progressive rollout starting in select schools before full implementation.^[43] By the end of May 2018, it had been deployed nationwide to all public schools, marking a shift toward blended and home-based learning models that allow students to progress at their own pace.^[44] Subsequent updates have incorporated advanced features, including adaptive learning systems that tailor content to individual needs and student-initiated learning pathways for independent exploration.^[45] Key functionalities include teacher tools for creating customized lessons and assignments, real-time analytics on student progress, and AI-driven enhancements such as content recommendations and automated feedback, with major releases in June and December 2025 introducing further refinements to these capabilities.^[46] SLS supports full curriculum integration across subjects, promoting collaborative activities and simulations that extend beyond traditional textbooks, thereby fostering skills like problem-solving and digital literacy.^[47] During disruptions like the COVID-19 pandemic, it enabled seamless continuity of education through remote access, underscoring its role in resilient learning ecosystems.^[48] Access requires school-issued credentials, ensuring secure, monitored usage aligned with national educational standards.^[49]

Organizations

Surf Life Saving

Surf Life Saving Australia (SLSA) is the national governing body for surf lifesaving in Australia, coordinating volunteer efforts to prevent drownings and promote beach safety through patrols, education, and competitive surf sports. Established as a not-for-profit organization, SLSA oversees approximately 316 affiliated clubs that patrol beaches during the summer season, with members providing rescue services, first aid, and public awareness campaigns. The organization claims to rescue an average of 30 people daily and has contributed to over 550,000 total rescues since its early days, alongside training millions in resuscitation techniques.^[50]^[51] The origins of surf lifesaving trace to early 20th-century challenges with unregulated beach bathing. In September 1902, businessman William Gocher publicly defied bans on daytime ocean bathing at Manly Beach in New South Wales, highlighting the need for organized safety measures amid rising popularity of surfing. This led to the formation of the first surf bathing club at Bondi Beach in February 1907, followed by the New South Wales Surf Bathing Association on 18 October 1907, which standardized lifesaving practices and patrols. By the 1920s, the movement expanded nationally, evolving into SLSA to unify state-level operations across Australia.^[52] Today, SLSA boasts over 198,000 members, including patrolling volunteers, youth programs like Nippers for children aged 5-13, and competitors in events such as The Aussies, an annual national carnival featuring over 480 beach and ocean disciplines. State branches, such as Surf Life Saving New South Wales with 75,000 members across 129 clubs patrolling 1,500 km of coastline, deliver around 650,000 voluntary hours annually from September to April. SLSA's mission emphasizes reducing coastal drownings to zero by 2030 through evidence-based strategies, including inflatable rescue boat (IRB) operations, radio communications, and community education on hazards like rips and unpatrolled areas.^[53]^[52]^[54] Achievements include pioneering voluntary beach patrols that have minimized fatalities in supervised zones, with data showing drownings predominantly occur outside flagged areas. SLSA also engages in international collaborations via bodies like International Life Saving Federation, exporting training models while adapting to modern risks such as climate-influenced erosion and overcrowding. Membership demographics span all ages and genders, with women historically performing mass rescues in the 1940s during wartime labor shortages, though formal integration accelerated post-1960s.^[50]^[55]

Places

Hospitality and Entertainment Venues

The SLS brand, launched in 2006 by sbe founder Sam Nazarian, represents a portfolio of lifestyle hotels emphasizing immersive entertainment, innovative design, and culinary experiences across global properties.^[56] These venues integrate theatrical interiors by designers like Philippe Starck with dynamic programming, including DJ-led pool parties, live performances, and high-profile dining to attract a youthful, affluent demographic seeking experiential luxury.^[57]^[58] Key entertainment features at SLS properties include expansive event spaces tailored for private gatherings, weddings, and corporate functions, often exceeding 13,000 square feet with customizable layouts and bespoke catering. For instance, SLS South Beach in Miami offers over 25,000 square feet of flexible venues, including penthouse suites, complemented by nightlife options like weekend DJ sets and themed poolside events.^[59]^[60] Similarly, SLS Beverly Hills provides meeting rooms and party venues with full-service support, focusing on Los Angeles' entertainment ecosystem through collaborations with local talent and visual arts installations.^[61] Hospitality at SLS venues prioritizes subversive luxury, with amenities like award-winning restaurants helmed by celebrity chefs—such as those at SLS Hotel's dining outlets—and wellness facilities integrated into entertainment hubs.^[58] In Las Vegas, the former SLS Las Vegas (operational from 2014 until its 2020 rebranding to Sahara Las Vegas) exemplified this model with a state-of-the-art theater for live shows, casino gaming, and a poolside lounge hosting sophisticated nightlife, though it faced financial challenges post-opening due to market saturation.^[62]^[63] International outposts, including SLS Barcelona and SLS Punta Cana, extend this formula with beachfront entertainment districts featuring bars, lounges, and cultural events tied to local scenes.^[57] Following sbe's 2020 divestiture of its hotel platform to Accor, which assumed full ownership of SLS alongside brands like Mondrian and Delano, the properties continue to operate under a model prioritizing asset-light management and experiential revenue streams from entertainment.^[64] This evolution underscores SLS's role in pioneering "smart lifestyle" hospitality, blending hospitality with entertainment to drive occupancy through non-traditional amenities like pop-up collaborations and immersive activations.^[65]

Politics

Political and Legal Entities

The acronym SLS refers to Samostalna Liberalna Stranka, a liberal political party in Kosovo established to promote independent liberal values and participate in national elections. Registered with the Central Election Commission of Kosovo, the party has submitted financial reports under Law No. 03/L-174 on Financing of Political Entities, with Slobodan Petrović serving as council chairman in documented filings from 2018 and 2020.^[66] In the United Kingdom, SLS designates the Society of Legal Scholars, a professional association representing legal academics and serving as the primary liaison between legal education, professional bodies, and government on matters of scholarship and policy. Founded to advance legal research and teaching, the society organizes an annual conference and influences regulatory discussions on legal training standards.^[67] Other uses include student-led political groups, such as Social Liberal Students (SLS), a junior college organization in Malta advocating a balance between individual liberty and social justice through campus activism.^[68]

Other Uses

Miscellaneous Acronyms and Slang

"Shit life syndrome" (SLS) is an informal term employed by some physicians in the United Kingdom and United States to characterize patients whose physical and mental health complaints arise from chronic exposure to adverse socioeconomic conditions, including poverty, unemployment, abuse, and social isolation, often manifesting as a cycle of despair and repeated medical consultations without identifiable organic pathology.^[69] The phrase highlights causal links between structural societal failures and health outcomes, as noted in discussions among general practitioners in deprived areas like Blackpool, England, where such cases predominate.^[70] In Korean drama fandom, SLS refers to "second lead syndrome," the emotional attachment viewers form toward the secondary romantic lead—typically more sympathetic or underdeveloped—over the primary protagonist, leading to frustration with the canonical pairing.^[71] This trope is prevalent in romantic K-dramas, where narrative structures prioritize the main couple while marginalizing appealing alternatives, as analyzed in fan communities and media critiques.^[72] SLS also abbreviates "Swing Life Style," a term for the swinging subculture involving consensual non-monogamy and partner exchange among couples, popularized through dedicated online platforms since the early 2000s.^[73] Participants often use it to denote community events, forums, and lifestyle practices emphasizing mutual consent and discretion.^[74]

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With sets from exciting DJs, over-the-top pool parties, specialty dining events and more, SLS LUX Brickell is the place to see and be seen in Miami.
[61]
Wedding Venues Near Beverly Hills | SLS Hotel, a Luxury Collection
Discover alluring party venues, distinct décor, a full-service business center and Los Angeles meeting rooms, with custom catering. SLS Hotel, a Luxury ...
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Entertainment - SLS Las Vegas
Feb 10, 2025 · With a sweeping poolside lounge, exceptional bars and lounges and a state-of-the-art live entertainment venue, SLS Las Vegas curates sophisticated and ...
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SLS Las Vegas Hotel & Casino
Feb 10, 2025 · SLS Las Vegas offers a casino, spa, 1600+ guestrooms in three towers, award-winning restaurants, and live entertainment venues.
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[PDF] Accor takes full ownership of sbe hotel brands
Nov 24, 2020 · Under the terms of these agreements, Accor is taking full ownership of sbe's Hotel asset light business including the Delano, Mondrian, SLS, and ...
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Pioneering Hospitality and Entertainment Worldwide - sbe
... brands around the world including SLS Hotels, Hyde Lounge and Mondrian Hotels. ... In 2020, Nazarian sold the remaining 50% stake of sbe's hotel platform ...
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[PDF] samostalna liberalna stranka (sls) - KQZ
03/L-174 on Financing of Political Entities and Law 04/L-212 on amending and ... Acronym: SLS. Council: Slobodan Petrovic (Chairman). Finance ...
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What is the SLS? - Society of Legal Scholars
The Society is legal education's principal representative body to the professional bodies and the Government. The SLS holds an annual conference each year, ...
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SLS - Facebook
SLS (Social Liberal Students) is a student organisation that will seek to find a balance between liberty and social justice in the Junior College. 󱙶. Follow.
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and it's all down to 'shit-life syndrome' | Will Hutton | The Guardian
Aug 19, 2018 · US doctors coined a phrase for this condition: “shit-life syndrome”. Poor working-age Americans of all races are locked in a cycle of ...Missing: physicians | Show results with:physicians
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"Shit Life Syndrome": the criminalisation of poverty - The AIM Network
Jan 21, 2024 · The author Jonathan Kennedy refers to the phrase 'Shit Life Syndrome' being coined by local doctors in Blackpool, one of the poorest areas in the UK.Missing: physicians | Show results with:physicians
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SLS - Slang/Internet Slang - Acronym Finder
What does SLS stand for? ; SLS, Swing Life Style ; SLS, Suelta la Sopa (Mexican TV show) ; SLS, Second Lead Syndrome (Korean drama) ; SLS, Samurai Longsword (gaming ...
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5 K-Drama Second Lead Characters That Had Us Rooting For Them
Dec 9, 2022 · Here's a list of the shows that had us feeling the second lead syndrome. We have a compiled list of our favourite K-drama second-leads who deserved better.
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SLS - Swing Life Style | AcronymFinder
How is Swing Life Style abbreviated? SLS stands for Swing Life Style. SLS is defined as Swing Life Style very frequently.
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Swing Life Style - Acronyms and Abbreviations
SLS - Swing Life Style. Looking for abbreviations of SLS? It is Swing Life Style. Swing Life Style listed as SLS.