Sikkim University
Sikkim University is a central research university in India, established by an Act of Parliament on January 10, 2007, and headquartered in Gangtok, the capital of Sikkim, with its permanent campus under development in Yangang, South Sikkim.[1][2] It serves as a key institution for higher education in the Eastern Himalayas, offering integrated undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral programs across humanities, natural and physical sciences, social sciences, forestry, and allied disciplines, with a focus on interdisciplinary studies and regional development.[1][3] The university's establishment was driven by the need to advance knowledge dissemination, research, and manpower training tailored to Sikkim's socio-economic and cultural context, under the oversight of India's Ministry of Education.[1][2] Its motto, "Quest Knowledge Wisdom," reflects a commitment to intellectual and cultural growth in the region, while its vision emphasizes the holistic development of the Eastern Himalayas through quality education and innovation.[2] Accredited by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) in 2015, the university operates from multiple hired buildings in Gangtok and Tadong, including administrative offices at 6th Mile, Samdur, pending the completion of its 300-acre permanent site.[2] Academically, Sikkim University is structured into six schools: Human Sciences, Language and Literature, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences, Professional Studies, and Social Sciences, encompassing over 20 departments that deliver programs such as BA/BSc, MA/MSc, MBA, MCA, MEd, LLM, MTTM, MLIS, MPhil, and PhD degrees, alongside certificate courses and a semester-based Choice-Based Credit System (CBCS).[3] Notable offerings include specialized programs in regional languages like Bhutia, Lepcha, and Limbu; environmental sciences; and tourism management, promoting international collaborations and sustainable development initiatives.[3][2] Governed by the President of India as Visitor, a Chancellor, and a Vice-Chancellor, it fosters research, mentoring, and community welfare to enhance Sikkim's social, economic, and cultural landscape.[1][2]History
Establishment
Sikkim University was established in 2007 as a central university through the Sikkim University Act, 2006 (Act No. 10 of 2007), enacted by the Parliament of India on January 10, 2007, and brought into force on July 2, 2007.[4] The legislation provided for the incorporation of a teaching and affiliating university with its headquarters in Gangtok, Sikkim, to serve as a body corporate with perpetual succession and a common seal.[4] The primary purpose of the university, as outlined in the Act, is to disseminate and advance knowledge through instruction and research facilities in diverse branches of learning, including integrated courses in humanities, natural and physical sciences, social sciences, forestry, and allied disciplines.[4] It emphasizes promoting innovations in teaching, interdisciplinary studies, and research while educating and training manpower to support the development of Sikkim, with special attention to improving the social, economic, and cultural conditions of its people.[4] This aligns with providing higher education tailored to the Himalayan region's local needs, such as ethnic history, mountain studies, and sustainable development, contributing to socio-economic progress, sustainability, and cultural preservation.[5] The initial leadership included M. S. Swaminathan as the first Chancellor, appointed for a five-year term, and Mahendra P. Lama as the first Vice-Chancellor, serving from July 2, 2007, to October 13, 2012.[6][7] Operations commenced in 2008 with the launch of postgraduate programs in four initial departments—Microbiology, Sociology, International Relations/Politics, and Peace and Conflict Studies—at temporary sites in Gangtok, including premises shared with local government colleges.[7]Growth and development
Following its initial operations in 2008 with four academic departments, Sikkim University underwent substantial expansion, growing to 33 departments organized under six schools of studies by 2022. This development encompassed the establishment of specialized research centers, including the Centre for Endangered Languages, the Bio-Informatics Centre, and the Maulana Azad Centre for North East Studies, reflecting a commitment to interdisciplinary and region-specific studies.[8] Key milestones marked the university's academic maturation, including the introduction of PhD programs in 2010 through the adoption of UGC regulations for MPhil and PhD degrees, enabling advanced research across disciplines. In 2015, the university received NAAC accreditation with a 'B' grade and a CGPA of 2.60, affirming its quality standards in teaching, research, and infrastructure. In 2025, the second cycle of NAAC accreditation is under process.[9] More recently, Sikkim University aligned its curriculum with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, implementing a Learning Outcomes-based Curriculum Framework (LOCF) that emphasizes flexibility, skill development, and multidisciplinary approaches in postgraduate and PhD programs starting from 2024.[10][11][12] Enrollment and staffing have scaled correspondingly, evolving from modest initial cohorts to 1,667 students and 173 permanent faculty members by the 2023-24 academic year, supporting a diverse range of undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral offerings. This growth has enhanced research output and community engagement, with faculty contributing to regional studies on Himalayan ecology and indigenous languages.[13] Despite these advances, the university faces ongoing challenges, particularly delays in transitioning to its permanent campus at Yangang due to land acquisition disputes, incomplete compensation for displaced families, and bureaucratic hurdles in approvals, exacerbated by the region's challenging terrain. As a result, operations continue from temporary hired buildings along NH-10 in Gangtok, limiting large-scale infrastructure development and full departmental relocation, though some non-laboratory departments began shifting to Yangang by 2024.[14][15][16]Location and campus
Current operations
Sikkim University is primarily located in Gangtok, the capital of Sikkim, India, at coordinates 27°18′32″N 88°35′17″E, where it operates from multiple hired buildings situated along National Highway 10 (NH-10) to ensure accessibility across the urban landscape.[17] The main administrative office is based at 6th Mile, Samdur, Post Office Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102, facilitating centralized coordination of university activities.[18] This dispersed setup across various rented sites accommodates the university's day-to-day functions amid the challenging topography of the region. The temporary urban campus features basic infrastructure tailored to academic needs, including departmental classrooms, faculty offices, and specialized facilities housed in leased buildings. Key amenities encompass the Central Library, which holds 57,086 physical books, 3,252 e-books, 8,954 e-journals, and 1,178 Braille books to support research and learning as of the 2023-24 academic year.[19] Laboratories are available in schools such as Life Sciences and Physical Sciences, equipped with tools like GIS labs in Geography, advanced spectrometers in Physics, and media production facilities in Mass Communication. Additionally, six boys' hostels and six girls' hostels provide accommodation for 398 students, allocated based on merit and reservation policies, with a focus on gender balance (174 male and 224 female occupants) as of the 2023-24 academic year.[19] As of the 2023-24 academic year, the university supports a total enrollment of 1,933 students, broken down into 136 undergraduates, 1,277 postgraduates, and 494 PhD scholars, reflecting a diverse student body with 57.47% female representation.[19] Daily operations include semester-based classes across 33 departments, regular examinations for odd and even semesters, and extracurricular events such as seminars, workshops, and cultural celebrations, all conducted within the Gangtok facilities. These activities adhere to the National Education Policy 2020, in accordance with UGC guidelines allowing up to 40% of courses to be integrated via SWAYAM.[19][20] The university's operations are adapted to the Himalayan terrain, navigating steep slopes and variable weather through strategically located sites that minimize environmental disruption in rented urban spaces.[21] A planned transition to the permanent campus at Yangang is underway in phases.[15]Permanent campus plans
The permanent campus of Sikkim University is planned for Yangang in the Namchi district of South Sikkim, approximately 56 km south of Gangtok, selected for its scenic Himalayan landscape that supports sustainable and eco-friendly development in a biodiversity-rich region.[22][23][19] Spanning about 300 acres, the campus design emphasizes state-of-the-art infrastructure tailored to the Himalayan environment, including academic blocks, student hostels, and specialized research centers dedicated to environmental conservation, Himalayan studies, and cultural heritage preservation.[22][23][19] Construction began after the university's establishment in 2007, with initial phases initiated around 2016, but progress has faced significant delays due to challenging mountainous terrain, land acquisition issues, and funding constraints.[24][25][26] As of November 2025, Phase-I construction is nearing completion but has been slowed by climatic conditions, with university officials inspecting progress and planning for sports facilities; relocation of six non-laboratory departments is anticipated in the coming months, with full transition expected by 2026.[27][15][28][19] The project is primarily funded through central government grants allocated via the University Grants Commission (UGC), with the university being fully supported as a central institution under the Ministry of Education.[27][29]Administration
Governance structure
Sikkim University operates as a central university established under the Sikkim University Act, 2006 (Act No. 10 of 2007), which was enacted by the Parliament of India to incorporate a teaching and affiliating institution in the state of Sikkim.[1] As a central university, it falls under the administrative oversight of the Ministry of Education, Government of India, and is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC) under Section 2(f) and 12(B) of the UGC Act, 1956, enabling it to receive central funding and grants for higher education and research.[30] This status grants the university significant autonomy in academic and administrative matters, governed by the central university statutes framed under the Act.[31] The highest oversight is provided by the Visitor, who is the President of India and holds powers to appoint key officers such as the Chancellor and Vice-Chancellor, conduct inquiries or inspections, and issue directions to ensure compliance with the Act.[1] The Governor of Sikkim serves as the Chief Rector, acting as a ceremonial and advisory head in university proceedings.[1] The overall governance framework is supported by several statutory bodies outlined in the Act and detailed in the university's statutes. The Court functions as the supreme deliberative body, comprising representatives from the government, faculty, and other stakeholders, responsible for reviewing annual reports, financial statements, and progress estimates during its meetings.[31] The Executive Council serves as the principal executive authority, handling policy formulation, management of university revenues and property, creation of academic and administrative posts, staff appointments, and overall administration.[31] Complementing this, the Academic Council acts as the primary academic body, overseeing teaching, research, and examination policies; coordinating departmental activities; recommending curricula and syllabi; and maintaining educational standards across the university.[31] At the departmental level, Boards of Studies, one for each academic department, recommend courses of study, research topics, examiners, and measures to enhance teaching and scholarly activities.[31] Additionally, the Finance Committee advises on budget preparation, expenditure scrutiny, and financial planning to ensure fiscal responsibility.[31] Regarding affiliations, the university possesses the authority to admit colleges and institutions within Sikkim to its privileges, subject to recommendations from the Academic Council and inspections to verify infrastructure, faculty, and academic standards; it may also withdraw such affiliations if standards are not maintained.[1] This power is exercised through the College Development Council, which assesses potential affiliates and monitors ongoing compliance, aligning with the university's role as an affiliating body under central statutes.[31] The governance structure thus ensures a balance between central oversight, institutional autonomy, and accountability in advancing higher education in the region.[1]Leadership and officers
The Chancellor of Sikkim University serves as the ceremonial head of the institution, appointed by the President of India, and holds a largely honorary role overseeing major university events and appointments.[32] The current Chancellor is Lt. Gen. (Dr.) D. B. Shekatkar (Retd.), PVSM, AVSM, VSM, who assumed the position in 2019 for a term of three years, with qualifications including a B.Com., M.Sc. and M.Phil. in Defence Studies, Ph.D. in Management Science, and Ph.D. in Defence and Strategic Studies.[33][32] His extensive background in defense and strategic management, including service as a retired Indian Army lieutenant general and chairmanship of the Shekatkar Committee on military reforms, informs his contributions to the university's advisory framework.[34] The Vice-Chancellor is the chief executive officer, responsible for the overall administration, academic leadership, and implementation of university policies.[35] Prof. Santanu Kumar Swain, appointed by President Droupadi Murmu on August 7, 2025, and assumed office on August 11, 2025, for a five-year term or until attaining the age of 70, whichever is earlier, currently holds this position.[36][37] Previously a professor in the Faculty of Education at Banaras Hindu University since 2007, with over four decades of experience in teaching, research, and academic administration, Swain succeeded the officiating Vice-Chancellor Prof. Abhijit Dutta.[38][39] Other key statutory officers include the Registrar, who manages administrative operations, records, and compliance; Prof. Laxuman Sharma, a professor in the Department of Horticulture and Forestry within the School of Life Sciences, serves as Registrar in-charge since February 1, 2024.[40][41] The Finance Officer oversees budgeting, financial planning, and audits; Prof. Sudhansu Sekhar Mahapatra holds this role in-charge since June 5, 2024.[42][41] Historically, the university's leadership began with Prof. Mahendra P. Lama as its founding Vice-Chancellor, appointed in June 2007 by the President of India to establish the institution under the Sikkim University Act of 2006; Lama, a development economist and former professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University, served until 2010 and later held positions such as Pro-Vice-Chancellor at Indira Gandhi National Open University.[43][44] This succession of leaders has guided the university's growth from its inception as a central university.[45]Academics
Schools and departments
Sikkim University organizes its academic offerings into six schools, encompassing a total of 33 departments that promote interdisciplinary research with a focus on Himalayan studies, sustainability, and cultural preservation.[16] Each school oversees between three and seven departments, fostering collaborative approaches to address regional challenges such as biodiversity conservation and socio-cultural dynamics in the Eastern Himalayas.[46] The School of Human Sciences includes three departments: Anthropology, Geography, and Psychology. These departments emphasize human-environment interactions, cultural anthropology of indigenous communities, and psychological well-being in high-altitude contexts, contributing to sustainable development studies in the Himalayan region.[16] The School of Languages and Literature comprises seven departments: Bhutia, Chinese, English, Hindi, Lepcha, Limbu, and Nepali. This school prioritizes the preservation and promotion of endangered Himalayan languages and literatures, alongside comparative studies that highlight cultural narratives and linguistic diversity.[16] The School of Life Sciences oversees four departments: Botany, Horticulture, Microbiology, and Zoology. These units focus on biodiversity research, sustainable agriculture, and microbial ecology tailored to the unique ecosystems of Sikkim, supporting conservation efforts for endemic species.[16] The School of Physical Sciences includes five departments: Chemistry, Computer Applications, Geology, Mathematics, and Physics. It advances interdisciplinary applications in geosciences and computational modeling for environmental sustainability in mountainous terrains.[16] The School of Professional Studies manages seven departments: Commerce, Education, Management, Mass Communication, Music, Tourism, and Library & Information Science. These departments integrate professional skills with cultural tourism and media studies, emphasizing sustainable economic practices rooted in Sikkimese heritage.[16] The School of Social Sciences encompasses seven departments: Economics, History, International Relations, Law, Peace and Conflict Studies, Political Science, and Sociology. This school promotes research on regional governance, conflict resolution, and socio-economic policies that safeguard Himalayan cultural identities and promote ecological balance.[16]Programs and admissions
Sikkim University offers a range of undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral programs across its 33 departments, organized under six schools focusing on humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, physical sciences, life sciences, and professional studies. Undergraduate programs include BA degrees in Psychology, Chinese, and Hindi; BSc in Psychology; and BPA in Music, with limited enrollment reflecting the university's emphasis on specialized regional studies. Postgraduate offerings encompass MA programs in disciplines such as Anthropology, Economics, History, Political Science, Sociology, Education, Mass Communication, Tourism, and regional languages including Nepali, Bhutia, Lepcha, and Limbu; MSc in Botany, Chemistry, Environmental Science, Geology, Mathematics, Microbiology, Physics, and Zoology; MCom in Commerce; MBA in Management; MCA in Computer Applications; MEd in Education; LLM in Law; MLIS in Library and Information Science; MPA in Music; and MTTM in Tourism. The university also provides PhD programs in all departments, alongside certificate courses and a semester-based Choice-Based Credit System (CBCS). Additionally, a Certificate Course in Chinese is available.[3] Admissions to undergraduate and postgraduate programs are conducted through the Common University Entrance Test (CUET) administered by the National Testing Agency, ensuring a merit-based selection process aligned with national standards. For PhD admissions, candidates must qualify via the National Eligibility Test (NET) or Junior Research Fellowship (JRF), followed by an interview; the university follows Government of India guidelines for reservations, including 15% for Scheduled Castes, 7.5% for Scheduled Tribes, 27% for Other Backward Classes, 10% for Economically Weaker Sections, and supernumerary seats for persons with disabilities. A significant 50% reservation is allocated for local Sikkimese students under the Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in Admission) Act, promoting access for the state's indigenous communities such as Bhutia, Lepcha, and Limboo..pdf)[47] The curriculum across programs is aligned with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, incorporating multidisciplinary approaches, flexible electives, and a focus on sustainable development, particularly relevant to Sikkim's Himalayan ecology and cultural heritage. Unique aspects include dedicated courses and electives in regional languages like Lepcha and Bhutia, fostering preservation of indigenous knowledge systems. As of the 2023-24 academic year, total enrollment stood at 1,933 students, with 136 in undergraduate programs, 1,277 in postgraduate programs (including MPhil), and 494 in PhD programs, reflecting a student body predominantly from eastern India and beyond.[19]Affiliated institutions
Affiliated colleges
Sikkim University maintains affiliations with colleges across the state to extend access to higher education in undergraduate and postgraduate programs, conducting periodic inspections to uphold academic and infrastructural standards. These institutions deliver courses aligned with the university's prescribed syllabus, and upon completion, degrees are awarded directly by Sikkim University. Affiliated colleges primarily focus on non-technical disciplines.[48] Representative programs offered include Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (BSc), Bachelor of Commerce (BCom), Bachelor of Education (BEd), Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm), and nursing qualifications, catering to diverse fields such as humanities, sciences, commerce, education, law, and health sciences.[49] The university currently affiliates 18 colleges, distributed across Sikkim's districts. Key examples include Sikkim Government College in Namchi, Government College in Burtuk, and Himalayan Pharmacy Institute in Tadong, among others. A comprehensive list is as follows:| College Name | Location |
|---|---|
| Nar Bahadur Bhandari Degree College | Tadong, East Sikkim - 737102 |
| Sikkim Government College | Namchi, South Sikkim - 737126 |
| Sikkim Government B.Ed College | Soreng, West Sikkim - 737121 |
| Sikkim Government College | Burtuk, Gangtok, East Sikkim - 737101 |
| Damber Singh College | 6th Mile, Samdur, Tadong - 737102 |
| Harkamaya College of Education | 6th Mile Tadong - 737102 |
| Sikkim Government Law College | Burtuk, Gangtok, East Sikkim - 737102 |
| Sikkim Government College Rhenock | Rungdung, East Sikkim |
| Sanchaman Limboo Government Degree College | Gyalshing, West Sikkim - 737102 |
| Loyola College of Education | Namchi, South Sikkim - 737126 |
| Himalayan Pharmacy Institute | Majitar, Rangpo, East Sikkim - 737136 |
| Sikkim Government Science College | Chakung, West Sikkim |
| Sikkim Government Vocational College | Dentam, West Sikkim |
| Namgyal Institute of Tibetology | Deorali, Gangtok, East Sikkim |
| Sikkim Government Institute of Science and Technology | Chisopani, South Sikkim |
| Government Pharmacy College | Sajong, Rumtek, East Sikkim |
| Sikkim Government College of Nursing | Sochakgang, Gangtok, East Sikkim |
| Sikkim Government College | Mangshila, North Sikkim |