Systematic Chaos
Systematic Chaos is the ninth studio album by the American progressive metal band Dream Theater, released on June 4, 2007, in the United Kingdom and June 5, 2007, in the United States by Roadrunner Records.[1][2] The album marks the band's first release on the Roadrunner label following their departure from Atlantic Records and features eight tracks, including the 25-minute epic opener "In the Presence of Enemies" divided into two parts.[3] Recorded simultaneously with its composition from September 2006 to February 2007 at Avatar Studios in New York City, it was co-produced by drummer Mike Portnoy and guitarist John Petrucci, emphasizing the band's signature technical proficiency and complex arrangements blending progressive rock and heavy metal elements.[4] Key tracks such as "The Dark Eternal Night," inspired by guitarist John Petrucci's nightmares, and "Repentance," incorporating interviews with individuals affected by addiction, highlight thematic explorations of psychological turmoil, regret, and existential conflict.[3][5] The album received praise for its ambitious songwriting and instrumental virtuosity, though some critics noted its density might overwhelm casual listeners, solidifying Dream Theater's reputation for intricate, boundary-pushing compositions in the progressive metal genre.[6]Background and Production
Conception and Songwriting
Following the Octavarium tour, Dream Theater took their first extended summer break in a decade before reconvening in September 2006 to commence songwriting and recording simultaneously at Avatar Studios in New York City.[1] Drummer Mike Portnoy directed the process toward an unstructured "open palette" devoid of overarching concepts, contrasting prior thematic albums like Octavarium, with the goal of cultivating a cutting, aggressive, and modern tone reflective of the band's dual progressive and metal facets.[1] This shift drew from fan responses favoring heavier tracks during live performances, prompting Portnoy to emphasize more intense, riff-driven structures over melodic expanses.[7] Portnoy's influence extended to song arrangement and lyrical content, including "Repentance," the fourth entry in his Twelve-Step Suite chronicling personal struggles with alcoholism and recovery through Alcoholics Anonymous principles.[8] Guitarist John Petrucci supplied core riffs cultivated at home, forming the harmonic backbone, while bassist John Myung integrated foundational bass lines to reinforce rhythmic complexity and groove.[9] Vocalist James LaBrie contributed during demo phases, prioritizing singable melodies to enhance accessibility within the dense, polyrhythmic frameworks.[1] The album title emerged from lyrical phrases in "The Dark Eternal Night" and "Constant Motion," encapsulating controlled disorder.[1]Recording Sessions
Recording sessions for Systematic Chaos took place at Avatar Studios in New York City from September 2006 to February 2007.[1] Paul Northfield engineered and mixed the album, continuing his role from the band's prior releases Train of Thought (2003) and Octavarium (2005).[10][11] The band selected Northfield for his prior experience with influential progressive rock acts like Rush and Queensrÿche, which aligned with Dream Theater's stylistic roots and contributed to the album's polished, dynamic sound profile.[1] Dream Theater employed their standard integrated process, writing and tracking material concurrently rather than separating composition from performance capture, which facilitated rapid iteration and minimized logistical bottlenecks.[1] Mike Portnoy and John Petrucci co-produced the sessions, overseeing drum and guitar tracking respectively, while emphasizing precision in complex arrangements to maintain technical fidelity.[1] This disciplined approach, honed over years of collaboration, ensured completion within the planned timeframe despite the album's ambitious 77-minute length and multifaceted instrumentation.[10] Assistant engineer Chad Lupo supported Northfield in handling the multi-track demands, including layered percussion and keyboard elements integral to tracks like "In the Presence of Enemies."[10] No significant interpersonal or technical disruptions occurred, reflecting the band's professional cohesion; minor post-tracking adjustments were limited to label-related release timing rather than session overruns.[12] The resulting recordings captured high-fidelity performances, with Northfield's mixing preserving the ensemble's interplay and contributing to the album's clarity and impact upon release.[13]Production Choices
The mixing and engineering for Systematic Chaos were conducted by Paul Northfield at Avatar Studios in New York City, where the album was recorded between September 2006 and February 2007. Northfield also served as co-producer for the vocal tracks, with assistance from Chad "Sir Chadwick" Lupo, emphasizing precise capture of the band's intricate instrumentation and dynamic shifts characteristic of progressive metal. Mastering was completed by Vlado Meller at Sony Music Studios, contributing to the album's polished yet aggressive sonic profile.[14][15] Artwork was designed by Hugh Syme, who provided art direction, design, and illustrations depicting surreal, disordered elements to evoke the album's theme of structured turmoil, with regional editions featuring slight variations in cover imagery.[3] Producers John Petrucci and Mike Portnoy opted to incorporate two extended multi-part epics—"In the Presence of Enemies" (totaling 25:08 across Parts 1 and 2, framing the tracklist) and "The Ministry of Lost Souls" (14:57)—to uphold the band's established format of ambitious, narrative-driven compositions exceeding ten minutes.[3][16] The special edition included a bonus DVD with a 5.1 surround sound mix of the full album and the documentary Chaos in Progress: The Making of Systematic Chaos, offering insights into the production process.[7][17]Musical Composition and Style
Overall Structure and Influences
Systematic Chaos comprises eight tracks totaling 78 minutes and 41 seconds in length, yielding an average track duration of approximately 9 minutes and 48 seconds.[18][19] This configuration emphasizes extended forms over concise formats, with the opening suite "In the Presence of Enemies" spanning 25 minutes and 10 seconds as a multi-part epic.[18] Such durations reflect a compositional approach favoring intricate development, including frequent shifts in tempo and meter, which contribute to the album's dense architecture rather than streamlined accessibility.[20] The album's structure relies heavily on odd time signatures, deployed across multiple sections to create rhythmic instability and propulsion, a hallmark of the band's progressive metal framework.[20] Polyrhythms and polymeters further complicate the layering, where overlaid pulse divisions—such as 7/8 against 4/4—generate tension resolved through synchronized peaks.[21] These elements prioritize technical intricacy, verifiable in transcribed scores and live renditions that demand precise ensemble coordination. Influences from classical composition inform transitional motifs and harmonic progressions, while riff-based aggression draws parallels to thrash metal structures, evident in galloping patterns and palm-muted chugs akin to those in Metallica's catalog.[7][22] Relative to prior releases, Systematic Chaos marks a pivot toward intensified heaviness in the mid-2000s progressive metal landscape, blending the metallic edge of 2003's Train of Thought with melodic expanses from 2005's Octavarium.[23] Guitar tones emphasize mid-range bite and rapid scalar solos, supported by emphatic double-bass drumming, fostering a sound denser in distortion and velocity than contemporaneous prog peers.[7] This evolution underscores a causal emphasis on instrumental virtuosity driving form, where rhythmic complexity and dynamic contrasts dictate progression over verse-chorus repetition.[20]Thematic Elements
The lyrics of Systematic Chaos draw from the personal and observational experiences of its primary writers—guitarist John Petrucci for fictional narratives, vocalist James LaBrie for conflict-driven reflections, and drummer Mike Portnoy for autobiographical reckonings—resulting in motifs of turmoil, betrayal, and self-examination rather than unified ideology.[24] These elements manifest as causal responses to real-world pressures, such as geopolitical strife and individual failings, without imposed moralizing or abstraction.[25] In "Prophets of War," LaBrie confronts the orchestration of conflict by self-interested leaders who exploit fear and unquestioned narratives, echoing the band's contemporaneous awareness of events like the 2003 Iraq invasion, where initial justifications unraveled amid escalating casualties—over 4,400 U.S. military deaths by 2007—and revelations of intelligence manipulations.[26][27] The lyrics decry "prophets" profiting from division, with LaBrie's vocal phrasing—marked by escalating intensity and accusatory timbre—conveying unfiltered outrage rooted in observed human cost, including civilian displacements exceeding 4 million in Iraq by mid-decade.[28] Similarly, "Forsaken" delves into abandonment and vengeful reclamation, framed in a supernatural betrayal narrative that mirrors personal ruptures, such as fractured relationships amid touring demands, with LaBrie's emotive shifts from seductive whispers to anguished cries underscoring the raw sting of loss. Portnoy's "Repentance," the fifth installment in his Twelve-Step Suite inspired by Alcoholics Anonymous protocols, adopts a confessional tone to catalog admissions of wrongdoing—encompassing relational harms and addictive patterns he publicly detailed in recovery contexts—without evasion or sentimentality.[29][30] Guest vocalists, including Mikael Åkerfeldt and Ravi Shankar, contribute fragmented apologies, amplifying the track's basis in Portnoy's documented struggles with substance dependency, which he traced to patterns predating the album's April 2006 writing sessions.[31] The title track extends this inward gaze, portraying life's disorder as a clash between personal entropy and imposed structures, culminating in a redemption trajectory where chaos yields to disciplined resolve, as evidenced in its lyrical pivot from fragmentation to integrative clarity. Across these, overt political advocacy is sidelined in favor of individual agency amid systemic disorder, verifiable in lyric sheets prioritizing experiential fallout over partisan calls, as Portnoy emphasized in pre-release discussions framing the album's core as navigable personal anarchy rather than collectivist critique.[32] This restraint aligns with the band's avoidance of didacticism, grounding motifs in verifiable catalysts like Portnoy's sobriety milestones—achieved via AA's empirical stepwise method—and LaBrie's reactions to conflict's tangible tolls, eschewing romanticized heroism for stark accountability.[24]Technical Innovations
Jordan Rudess employed the Haken Continuum fingerboard on several tracks, enabling fluid, continuous pitch variations and microtonal expressions beyond traditional keyboard limitations, as evidenced by its credited use in the album's personnel and audible in the ethereal outro of "In the Presence of Enemies, Pt. 2."[10] This instrument's surface allows for seamless glissandi and bends, distinguishing Rudess's solos—such as in "The Ministry of Lost Souls"—from prior albums reliant on synthesizers and standard MIDI controllers.[19] John Petrucci incorporated seven-string guitars tuned to B standard for enhanced low-end aggression in tracks like "Constant Motion" and "Repentance," facilitating denser riffing and harmonic depth without compromising playability, a technique building on earlier uses but refined here for tighter rhythmic integration with Mike Portnoy's drumming.[33] Isolated guitar stems from live renditions and production breakdowns reveal the extended range's role in maintaining prog-metal intensity, avoiding the muddiness of detuned six-strings employed by contemporaries.[34] The album's arrangements advanced polyrhythmic complexity through layered percussion and bass interlocks, with Portnoy's kit augmented by electronic triggers for precise dynamic shifts, as detailed in the making-of documentary, ensuring prog intricacy amplified metal drive without orchestral overdubs diluting core band interplay.[35] This approach preserved empirical tightness verifiable in multitrack analyses, contrasting dilution in peer productions favoring symphonic additions over instrumental precision.[36]Track Listing and Analysis
Standard Edition Tracks
The standard edition of Systematic Chaos consists of eight tracks, with music composed collectively by Dream Theater's lineup of James LaBrie, John Myung, John Petrucci, Mike Portnoy, and Jordan Rudess.[37] Lyrics were contributed by Petrucci for fictional narratives, Portnoy for personal reflections, and LaBrie for political subjects.[38]- In the Presence of Enemies Pt. 1 (25:08): Bookends the album as a multi-part suite, structured with subsections including an instrumental prelude and resurrection segment, emphasizing progressive complexity through tempo shifts and instrumental interplay.[38][3]
- Forsaken (5:35): A mid-tempo track with melodic verses building to a heavier chorus, featuring LaBrie's layered vocals over Rudess's keyboard accents and Petrucci's rhythmic guitar work.[3]
- Constant Motion (6:55): Driven by aggressive thrash-style riffs and rapid drumming, incorporating double-kick patterns and a standout guitar solo amid shifting time signatures.[25][19]
- The Dark Eternal Night (8:53): Builds narrative momentum through escalating intensity, highlighted by heavy riffing, Portnoy's dynamic percussion, and an extended instrumental break with virtuosic elements.[31][3]
- Repentance (10:43): Features atmospheric intros leading to emotional peaks, structured around introspective builds with orchestral undertones from Rudess and subtle bass lines from Myung.[3]
- Prophets of War (6:04): Anchored by militaristic rhythms and syncopated grooves, including marching drum patterns and harmonized guitar leads over a foundation of odd-meter sections.[3]
- The Ministry of Lost Souls (14:59): A lengthy composition with ballad-like openings evolving into progressive passages, incorporating clean-to-distorted guitar transitions and keyboard solos.[3]
- In the Presence of Enemies Pt. 2 (16:38): Concludes the suite with resolution arcs, featuring climactic instrumental fusions, vocal harmonies, and a return to thematic motifs from Pt. 1.[3]
Special Edition Content
The special edition of Systematic Chaos, released on June 5, 2007, in the United States alongside the standard edition, incorporated a bonus DVD limited to initial pressings, offering enhanced value through non-audio extras.[39] The DVD contained the approximately 90-minute documentary Chaos in Progress: The Making of Systematic Chaos, which documented the band's recording sessions, creative decisions, and interpersonal dynamics during production at Avatar Studios in New York.[40] [7] Complementing the footage, the disc provided a full 5.1 surround sound mix of the album, enabling listeners to evaluate spatial audio production techniques, such as instrument placement and reverb depth, in contrast to the standard stereo mastering.[14] This format supported empirical comparisons of studio fidelity without introducing new tracks, focusing instead on immersive playback for verifying mixing choices like John Petrucci's guitar layering and Mike Portnoy's drum engineering.[17] No supplementary audio content, such as bonus songs or alternate mixes beyond the surround version, was included, distinguishing the edition's emphasis on visual and auditory production insights over expanded tracklists.[41] Following the 2007 launch, availability of intact special editions with the DVD dwindled as initial stock depleted, though secondary market listings persist; digital reissues of the album omit the video and surround elements, limiting access to these extras.[42]Release and Promotion
Release Details
Systematic Chaos was released on June 4, 2007, in the United Kingdom and June 5, 2007, in the United States by Roadrunner Records, marking the band's first album with the label.[6][43] The album was issued in multiple physical formats, including a standard single-disc CD (catalog number RR 7992-2) and a special edition featuring the CD bundled with a bonus DVD containing making-of footage and additional content.[6][3] A double vinyl LP edition (RRCAR 7992-1) was also available in select markets around the initial launch.[3] Digital distribution accompanied the physical release, aligning with the expanding availability of albums via platforms like iTunes during the mid-2000s transition in music consumption.[44] In its first week, the album sold 36,000 copies in the United States according to Nielsen SoundScan data, reflecting initial shipments and consumer demand.[45][46]Marketing and Initial Promotion
The lead single "Constant Motion" was released on April 27, 2007, several weeks prior to the album's launch, and made available as a free digital download through Roadrunner Records on the same day.[47][48] This strategy aimed to generate early buzz among fans and metal audiences by providing immediate access to a high-energy track featuring complex rhythms and John Petrucci's signature guitar work. The accompanying music video received airplay on MTV2's Headbangers Ball and was later voted the second-best metal video of 2007 by the program's viewers, enhancing visibility on targeted platforms for progressive metal.[49] Mike Portnoy, known for his extensive media engagement within the drumming and prog metal communities, conducted multiple promotional interviews and radio appearances in the lead-up to release. On May 12, 2007, several radio spots were announced, leveraging Portnoy's articulate presence to discuss the album's chaotic themes and production process.[50] These efforts capitalized on his reputation for candid insights, drawing attention from specialized outlets and helping to sustain fan interest amid the band's transition to Roadrunner Records. Visual branding emphasized the "systematic chaos" concept through artwork designed by Hugh Syme, revealed on April 8, 2007, depicting intricate circuit patterns overlaid with ants to symbolize ordered disorder.[51] The standard edition featured this imagery on the cover, while the special edition included a slipcase with embossed elements, reinforcing the thematic motif across physical packaging to appeal to collectors and visually underscore the album's progressive complexity.[52]Supporting Tour
The Chaos in Motion Tour served as the primary live promotion for Systematic Chaos, launching in Europe during June 2007 with initial shows emphasizing the album's complex compositions.[53] Setlists routinely incorporated full renditions of the album's extended epic "In the Presence of Enemies" (Parts I and II), spanning over 25 minutes, alongside rotations of tracks such as "Forsaken" and "The Dark Eternal Night," which highlighted the band's technical precision in live settings.[54][55] The North American leg followed in late July 2007, beginning July 24 in San Diego, California, and extending through August with performances at venues including the Gibson Amphitheatre in Universal City and the Tower Theatre in Upper Darby.[53][56][57] These concerts featured opening support from acts like Redemption on multiple U.S. dates, allowing Dream Theater to deliver marathon sets averaging 15 to 20 songs and exceeding two hours, demonstrating sustained stamina across intricate progressive metal arrangements.[58] Subsequent international extensions maintained the album's integration, with no documented major cancellations or disruptions, underscoring the tour's logistical stability amid demanding performances of Systematic Chaos material like "Constant Motion" as set openers.[59]Commercial Performance
Sales and Certifications
Systematic Chaos sold 36,000 copies in the United States during its first week of release in June 2007, marking Dream Theater's strongest opening sales week since Awake debuted with 66,000 copies in 1994.[44][46] The album has not attained any certifications from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) or equivalent international bodies, despite achieving respectable figures within the progressive metal genre where such accolades are uncommon for non-mainstream releases.[5] Roadrunner Records, the album's distributor, later supported collector interest through vinyl editions, including limited clear vinyl pressings that enhanced availability for fans seeking physical formats.[60]Chart Positions
Systematic Chaos peaked at number 19 on the US Billboard 200 chart, marking Dream Theater's highest position on that ranking at the time.[44] In its debut week, the album reached number 2 in Italy and the Netherlands, number 3 in Finland and Japan, number 5 in Sweden, and number 7 in Germany.[61] It also entered the UK Albums Chart at number 25, the band's first album to chart there.[62] The following table summarizes select peak positions on national album charts:| Country | Chart | Peak Position |
|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Dutch Album Top 100 | 2 |
| Italy | FIMI Albums | 2 |
| Finland | Suomen virallinen lista | 3 |
| Japan | Oricon Albums | 3 |
| Sweden | Sverigetopplistan | 5 |
| Germany | Offizielle Top 100 | 7 |
| United States | Billboard 200 | 19 |
| United Kingdom | UK Albums Chart | 25 |
Reception and Critical Analysis
Contemporary Reviews
Upon its release in June 2007, Systematic Chaos received generally favorable reviews from progressive metal outlets, which commended its aggressive riffs, intricate compositions, and return to heavier territory after the more symphonic Octavarium. Sea of Tranquility described it as "dark, heavy, and extremely progressive," positioning it as a delight for longtime fans with standout tracks like the epic "In the Presence of Enemies" showcasing the band's virtuosity.[7] Similarly, Metal Express Radio praised the album's "angry" tone and complexity, noting how it balanced ferocity with accessibility across its eight tracks.[64] Critics highlighted the technical strengths in extended pieces such as "The Dark Eternal Night," with its polyrhythmic intensity and soloing, but some observed variability in shorter songs like "Constant Motion," which leaned into straightforward thrash influences without the same depth. Last Rites affirmed the band's sharpness, stating the album delivered "all of the ingredients you'd expect" in polished form, though it adhered closely to established formulas.[65] MetalSucks called it a "solid effort" bolstered by memorable riffs, yet not elevating to the band's elite tier, as certain passages risked repetition amid the prog-metal barrage.[20] Overall assessments in the metal press averaged around 7-8 out of 10, reflecting consistent execution if not innovation, with The Metal Crypt awarding 3 out of 5 for its musicianship despite occasionally obscure song structures.[66] Sputnikmusic echoed this by likening it to a hybrid of early melodic prog and later heaviness, appreciating the energized playing on epics while critiquing occasional cheesiness in transitions.[67]Positive Achievements
Critics commended Systematic Chaos for revitalizing Dream Theater's heavier, more aggressive sound after the relatively upbeat and commercial leanings of Octavarium (2005), emphasizing a return to roots with dark, intense progressive metal structures.[7][65][19] This shift manifested in variable-speed riffs, hard-driving rhythms, and a focus on technical density over accessibility, aligning with the band's earlier metallic edge as on Train of Thought (2003).[19][65] The album's opener and closer, the 25-minute suite "In the Presence of Enemies," stood out for its structural ambition, weaving narrative-driven sections with virtuosic instrumental passages that showcased the band's mastery of epic composition.[7] Reviewers highlighted its seamless integration of melodic hooks, complex time signatures, and thematic cohesion as a high point of progressive metal songcraft.[7][19] Technical interplay among members enhanced the album's merits, particularly the rhythmic precision of drummer Mike Portnoy and keyboardist Jordan Rudess's contributions of heavy riffs, unison lines, and dynamic solos, fostering intricate layers that rewarded repeated listens.[19] Portnoy's awe-inspiring percussion, combined with Rudess's textural depth via the Continuum fingerboard, drove the record's replay value through propulsive, multifaceted grooves.[19] Overall production excellence amplified these elements, delivering mind-boggling musicianship within polished, high-fidelity arrangements.[68][69]Criticisms and Shortcomings
Critics have faulted Systematic Chaos for emphasizing technical virtuosity at the expense of emotional resonance, leading to accusations of pretentious excess in song length and structure. A Sputnikmusic reviewer described the album as marred by "unnecessary technical displays" that prioritize instrumental proficiency over substantive feeling, rendering tracks like the 25-minute opener "In the Presence of Enemies" as protracted exercises in complexity rather than evocative storytelling.[70] This sentiment echoes broader complaints of the album's failure to balance the band's prodigious skills with heartfelt expression, with one analysis noting it as a "low point" due to such imbalances.[71] Allegations of repetitive riffs and recycled ideas further underscore perceived creative stagnation. Reviewers pointed to structural similarities with prior albums like Train of Thought and Octavarium, labeling Systematic Chaos a "rehashed" effort devoid of fresh innovation, where motifs in tracks such as "Constant Motion" and "The Dark Eternal Night" echo earlier heaviness without advancement.[72] Prog Archives community discussions highlight this as a key factor in the album's relatively low aggregate rating of 3.48 out of 5, with users citing exhausted riff patterns as evidence of diminishing returns in the band's formulaic approach.[73] James LaBrie's vocal performance drew specific ire for strain in higher registers, exacerbating a longstanding critique of his delivery within Dream Theater's demanding arrangements. On Systematic Chaos, his contributions were deemed "below-par" and lacking emotional conviction, particularly in soaring sections of songs like "Forsaken," where pitch inconsistencies and fatigue undermined the music's intensity.[70] This issue, recurrent across the band's discography post-vocal injury in 1994, manifested here as a disconnect between the instrumentation's power and the vocals' perceived limitations.[74]Long-Term Fan Reception
Over the years, fan discussions on platforms like Reddit and dedicated forums have revealed a polarized reception of Systematic Chaos, with enthusiasts praising its technical complexity and progressive metal intensity while others decry weaker songwriting and filler tracks.[75][76] Admirers often highlight tracks like "In the Presence of Enemies" and "The Dark Eternal Night" for their ambitious structures and virtuosic interplay, viewing the album as a high point of the band's Portnoy-era experimentation that emphasized riff-driven heaviness alongside intricate prog elements.[77][78] In contrast, detractors argue that songs such as "Prophets of War" and "The Ministry of Lost Souls" suffer from repetitive riffs and underdeveloped melodies, positioning the album as symptomatic of a creative plateau before Mike Portnoy's 2010 departure.[79][80] Aggregate fan rankings consistently place Systematic Chaos in the mid-tier of Dream Theater's discography, typically between 6th and 8th out of 15 studio albums, appealing more to technically oriented listeners than to those prioritizing accessibility or innovation.[81][82] In a 2019 poll on Ultimate Metal forums, it ranked 6th, lauded for its balance of aggression and melody but overshadowed by earlier works like Images and Words.[81] Similarly, a 2024 thread on DreamTheaterForums.org averaged it below Awake and Train of Thought but above post-Portnoy releases, with fans noting its "fun" headbanging energy despite inconsistencies.[82][78] Long-term discourse, spanning threads from 2014 to 2025, often frames the album as underrated relative to its era, with some users in 2021 Reddit discussions calling it "criminally underrated" for capturing the band's prog purity amid growing commercial pressures, predating the lineup shift that altered fan expectations.[76][83] Nostalgia plays a role in reevaluations, as evidenced by 2025 posts celebrating its 18th anniversary, where fans who discovered it around 2006-2007 rank it in personal top 5s for its obsessive replay value, though broader consensus views it as neither the endpoint of the classic era nor a standout revival.[84][85] This enduring divide underscores fans' appreciation for its raw energy over polished cohesion, distinguishing it from both earlier masterpieces and later evolutions.[86][87]Personnel and Credits
Band Members
The lineup for Systematic Chaos, recorded and released in 2007, consisted of Dream Theater's core members, unchanged since keyboardist Jordan Rudess joined full-time for the band's 1999 album Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory.[88][6]- James LaBrie – lead vocals[1]
- John Myung – bass guitar[1]
- John Petrucci – guitars, co-producer[1][3]
- Mike Portnoy – drums, co-producer, backing vocals, lyrics (e.g., "Constant Motion")[1][3][89]
- Jordan Rudess – keyboards[1]