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TR3

TR3 is a three-letter with multiple meanings, including in , automotive, entertainment, and other fields. ==Aviation== ==Automotive==
  • [[Triumph TR3]], a British sports car produced from 1955 to 1962
  • TR3 Racing, an American racing team
==Entertainment== ==Other uses==

Aviation

TR-3 Black Manta

The TR-3 Black Manta is a rumored purportedly developed by the under programs during the 1980s and 1990s. Described in unverified reports as a subsonic designed for tactical and target designation, it allegedly features advanced characteristics to evade detection, with a triangular shape and dimensions approximately 60-65 feet in wingspan. These claims emerged alongside other classified projects, potentially paralleling the development of the F-117 Nighthawk fighter. The aircraft's alleged propulsion system has fueled much speculation, with reports claiming it employs an mechanism powered by highly pressurized mercury accelerated through , generating a that reduces the vehicle's mass by 89 percent. This system, sometimes referred to as the "Magnetic Field Disruptor," is said to enable silent hovering, high-altitude operations, and maneuvers beyond conventional , though no technical blueprints or prototypes have been publicly verified. Origins of the TR-3 Black Manta trace to unverified claims by aviation enthusiasts and alleged eyewitness sightings of triangular craft near in the , including video captures of a bat-like distinct from known . These accounts, amplified in aviation publications, suggested operational testing tied to funding, with allocations exceeding $60 billion from 1986 to 1991 supporting undisclosed reconnaissance platforms. Despite periodic media speculation, including potential use in the 1991 for target designation, the U.S. government has provided no official confirmation, rendering the TR-3 Black Manta an enduring in aviation and UFO circles.

Lyulka TR-3

The Lyulka TR-3 was an experimental Soviet turbojet engine designed by Arkhip Lyulka in 1946-1947 for use in high-altitude as part of early post-war efforts in the USSR. The engine featured a seven-stage axial-flow compressor with an , delivering a thrust of approximately 1,300 kgf. It underwent in 1948 on a modified Pe-2 , but the project was canceled later that year owing to technical difficulties, including reliability issues with the compressor, and a strategic shift toward more advanced indigenous and reverse-engineered designs influenced by Western technology. Despite its cancellation, the TR-3 contributed significantly to Soviet aviation history by serving as a key precursor to Lyulka's subsequent engines, such as the AL-5 qualified in 1950, which built on its axial-flow architecture for operational fighters and bombers. Declassified Soviet archival documents released after the have highlighted the TR-3's role in demonstrating the feasibility of domestic axial turbojet technology amid the competitive race for jet supremacy in the late 1940s.

TR.3

The TR.3 was an experimental engine developed by Turbo Research Ltd., a established in 1944 to advance Canada's technology for . Funded by the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) as part of postwar efforts to foster domestic production and reduce reliance on foreign suppliers, the design study began in 1944-1945. The engine featured a design with a single-stage , inspired by early British Whittle-type turbojets, intended for potential integration into and planned for 3,000 lbf (13 kN) . However, it never advanced beyond initial studies, as the project was abandoned in 1946 following Turbo Research's absorption by in favor of axial-flow designs like the TR.4 . The TR.3 project concluded without further development in 1946, primarily due to shifting priorities toward acquiring licensed engines, such as the , which offered proven reliability and quicker deployment for the Royal Canadian Air Force amid demands. This decision reflected broader economic constraints and the rapid evolution of axial-flow technology, though Turbo Research's absorption by in 1946 laid groundwork for subsequent indigenous successes like the TR.4 Chinook and TR.5 Orenda engines. As Canada's inaugural effort to create a homegrown following , the TR.3 symbolized the nation's push for self-sufficiency and technological sovereignty, aligning with international trends in research during the late 1940s. Components and documentation from the project, including compressor sections and test records, are preserved at institutions such as the in , highlighting early Canadian contributions to aero-engine innovation.

F-35 Technology Refresh 3

The F-35 Technology Refresh 3 (TR-3) is a hardware and software upgrade package for the multirole fighter jet, designed to enhance its computational infrastructure and support future mission system advancements. Development of TR-3 began in the early 2020s to address limitations in the prior Technology Refresh 2 (TR-2) configuration, which struggled with insufficient processing capacity for evolving software demands. The upgrade achieved its first flight on an F-35A test aircraft on January 6, 2023, over the in , marking a key milestone in . Deliveries of TR-3-equipped F-35s faced delays, with production paused in late 2024 due to hardware-software integration issues; resumed deliveries to the U.S. military in mid-2025. As of November 2025, final government certification remains pending to enable full combat operations, with operational capability delayed beyond initial 2025-2026 targets. Central to TR-3 is the Integrated Core (ICP), a multi-function unit developed by that provides up to 37 times the computing power and significantly expanded memory compared to previous systems—enabling robust data handling from the aircraft's , distributed aperture system, and other sensors. This , combined with a new processing unit and increased capacity, forms the backbone for Block 4 modernization efforts, allowing the F-35 to process complex algorithms more efficiently. Lockheed led the overall integration, while focused on the ICP's design to ensure and future-proofing against emerging threats. These enhancements directly remedy TR-2's computational bottlenecks, which had delayed software upgrades and limited data throughput. The Block 4 upgrades enabled by TR-3 are now projected for completion no earlier than 2031 due to ongoing delays. TR-3 enables a range of advanced capabilities, including integration of next-generation suites for improved threat detection and countermeasures, support for long-range precision munitions such as the , and enhanced through advanced that correlates inputs from multiple onboard systems in . For instance, the upgraded processing allows for faster fusion of electro-optical, , and data, providing pilots with a more comprehensive picture. These features are integral to Block 4, which will incrementally roll out over the coming years to boost lethality and interoperability. The upgrade applies uniformly across all F-35 variants—the conventional takeoff and landing F-35A, short takeoff and vertical-landing F-35B, and carrier-based F-35C—as well as international partner fleets, ensuring standardized performance enhancements without variant-specific redesigns. Program costs for TR-3 are estimated at $1.9 billion, covering hardware production, , and testing, though delays have resulted in approximately $1 billion in overruns primarily due to software maturation challenges. As of November 2025, the core TR-3 hardware and software development is complete, but delays persist.

Automotive

Triumph TR3

The is a classic open-top two-seater British manufactured by the Standard-Triumph Motor Company in , , from 1955 to 1962. As part of the broader series, it succeeded the TR2 and was designed primarily for the export market, particularly the , emphasizing lightweight construction and spirited performance. The model featured a body crafted by Mulliners Ltd. mounted on a separate ladder-type , with drum brakes (upgraded to front disc brakes from late 1956) and an independent front suspension using coil springs. Powered by a 1,991 overhead-valve inline-four derived from the Vanguard, the initially produced 95 horsepower at 5,000 rpm, delivering a top speed of approximately 109 mph and 0-60 mph acceleration in 10.7 seconds. It was equipped with a four-speed , with optional on early models. Introduced at the 1955 London Motor Show, the base TR3 (1955–1957) accounted for over 13,000 units produced, while the facelifted TR3A variant (1957–1962), distinguished by a wider grille, exterior door handles, and standard , saw around 58,000 units built. A short-run TR3B model in 1962, featuring a larger 2,138 engine and updated , added about 3,300 units primarily for the North American market. Production ceased in 1962 with the introduction of the more modern TR4. The TR3 gained renown for its racing pedigree, with works and privateer entries achieving class victories and strong finishes at endurance events like the and the , as well as rallies such as the . As of 2025, well-restored examples command collector values typically ranging from $25,000 to $45,000, reflecting their enduring appeal among enthusiasts of postwar British sports cars.

TR3 Racing

TR3 Racing is an American professional sports car racing team founded in 2015 by brothers Arthur, Oliver, and Gregory Romanelli as the motorsports arm of TR3 Performance, which was established in 2012 in . The team specializes in GT3-class endurance racing, fielding competitive entries in series such as the and the , with a focus on driver development programs that support both gentleman drivers and professionals transitioning to higher levels of competition. Led by CEO Gregory Romanelli, TR3 Racing emphasizes comprehensive team packages, including mechanical support, logistics, and performance coaching to foster talent growth. The team entered a partnership with in 2023, campaigning the in the , where drivers such as and Axel Kowalczyk have secured strong results, including podium finishes such as at in August 2025. Prior to this, TR3 Racing competed with Ferrari and machinery, building a reputation for reliability in endurance events like the Rolex 24 at . Sponsorships from partners like have supported the team's multi-car efforts, enabling expansions and consistent podium contention. In the , TR3 Racing claimed the 2024 Pro class championship and expanded to a six-car lineup for 2025, featuring a mix of Pro, Pro-Am, and Am entries. Notable drivers include Will Bamber and Elias De La Torre IV, who delivered double podiums at the season-opening Sebring round in March 2025 and swept both races with overall at Watkins Glen in June 2025, propelling the team to the Pro class points lead. Other contributors, such as Conrad Geis and Jason Hart, added Pro-Am podiums at Sebring. In the season finale at Misano in November 2025, Geis and Hart secured the Pro-Am class championship, while Bamber and De La Torre achieved a in Race 1 of the Pro class. These results underscore TR3 Racing's commitment to high-impact performances in GT endurance events.

Entertainment

Tomb Raider III

Tomb Raider III: Adventures of Lara Croft is an action-adventure developed by and published by . It was released in November 1998 for Microsoft Windows and in on November 20 and in on November 24, with subsequent ports to Macintosh later that year and to , , and in 2009 and 2012. The game has sold over 5.94 million copies worldwide across its platforms. The plot centers on protagonist Lara Croft's global quest to recover four artifacts—fragments of an ancient meteorite believed to possess life-giving powers—scattered across diverse locations including the jungles of India (Infada Stone), the South Pacific islands (Element 115), the streets of London (Ora Dagger), the Nevada desert (Hand of Rathmore), and the icy expanses of Antarctica. Lara's pursuit draws her into conflict with Dr. Mark Willard, a biotech researcher seeking the artifacts for his experiments on immortality and mutation, culminating in a confrontation aboard his Antarctic facility. Gameplay builds on the series' core mechanics of , puzzle-solving, and , introducing innovations such as a dive roll (performed by sprinting and rolling) for navigating tight spaces or under closing doors, crawling to access low areas, and monkey swinging on bars for traversal. Fixed camera angles enhance cinematic presentation, while hub-based level designs allow non-linear progression through interconnected areas, emphasizing and environmental interaction. An , Tomb Raider III: The Lost Artifact, released in 2000 exclusively for PC and Mac as a standalone title, adds six levels set in the (including and ) where Lara seeks a fifth meteorite artifact hidden at Willard's estate, introducing new vehicles, weapons, and moves. Critically, the game received a Metacritic score of 76/100 based on 14 reviews, with praise for its intricate puzzles, varied environments, and ambitious scope but criticism for occasionally clunky controls and repetitive combat. In February 2024, Crystal Dynamics released Tomb Raider I-III Remastered, updating the original trilogy with modern graphics options while preserving classic gameplay, earning a score of 75/100 and selling over 100,000 units in its first weeks. As the third main installment in the franchise, it solidified Lara Croft's status as an enduring icon of the era, bridging the original trilogy's classic formula to subsequent sequels while highlighting early adventure gaming's evolution.

TR3 (band)

TR3 is an American instrumental jazz-rock fusion power trio founded in the mid-1980s in , by guitarist and multi-instrumentalist . Known for its improvisational style that fuses elements of , , , and , the band emphasizes extended live performances featuring intricate guitar work, dynamic rhythms, and spontaneous compositions. The current lineup, stable since 2007, consists of on guitar, Mick Vaughn on bass, and Dan Martier on drums. This configuration has defined TR3's modern sound, drawing from Reynolds' broad influences including pioneers, while delivering high-energy sets that often run over two hours with lengthy solos and genre-blending jams. Earlier iterations of the trio in the late and featured different members, such as bassist Houston Ross and drummer Johnny Gilmore, reflecting the band's evolution from roots to its current fusion-oriented approach. TR3's discography spans over a dozen releases, beginning with the self-titled debut album in 1988, followed by key studio efforts like Light Up Ahead (1995), The Sea Versus the Mountain (2019), Wild in the Sky (live, 2022), and Watch It (2024). Issued primarily through independent labels such as TR Music, these albums showcase the band's technical prowess and exploratory ethos, with live recordings capturing their improvisational essence. The band has maintained an active touring schedule across the , with occasional international appearances, often intersecting with Reynolds' commitments to the , including joint performances with DMB members. In 2025, TR3 conducted an East Coast tour in March, featuring dates in cities like ; ; ; and , among others, contributing to their reputation in the broader scene. Fan engagement has grown through independent releases and digital streaming platforms, where TR3's music garners steady listeners alongside Reynolds' solo catalog.

Tier 3 (nightclub)

Tier 3, also known as TR3, was an influential yet short-lived in that operated from spring 1979 until December 1980, serving as a key hub for the movement. Founded by 23-year-old Hilary Jaeger, who had grown up in the East Village and initially worked at a of the same name, the venue transformed into a 300-capacity space dedicated to performances blending music, visual art, and film. Located at 225 on the southeast corner of White Street in the neighborhood of , it emerged during a period of economic hardship in the city, where fiscal crisis and created affordable, abandoned industrial spaces ripe for cultural experimentation. The club quickly became an epicenter for no wave alongside venues like CBGB, hosting seminal performances by bands such as DNA, Mars, James Chance and the Contortions, the Lounge Lizards, Bush Tetras, and 8 Eyed Spy, as well as international acts including the Raincoats, the Slits, and Madness on their first U.S. gig. These events emphasized raw, non-commercial energy, with the three-level venue featuring art installations like murals by Jean-Michel Basquiat and Kiki Smith, film screenings, and benefits that crossed punk, jazz, noise, and experimental boundaries. The unpolished, chaotic atmosphere—described by Jaeger as uniquely non-commercial—fostered an interdisciplinary vibe that attracted downtown artists and musicians amid the 1970s East Village and TriBeCa cultural boom, fueled by the city's bankruptcy and deindustrialization. Tier 3 faced challenges from rising competition, such as the opening of , leading to a temporary shutdown in August before permanent closure in December due to owner disputes, financial pressures, and an eviction notice as began shifting from industrial to more commercial uses. Its legacy persists as a pivotal site in history, influencing and through its role in cross-pollinating art and sound; the venue is chronicled in books like Marc Masters' No Wave: Post-Punk. Underground. . 1976–1980 and oral histories of the era's underground scene.

Other uses

TR3 carbine

The TR3 is a semi-automatic civilian rifle developed by Russia's as a civilian adaptation of the platform. It was first unveiled at the Army-2019 international military-technical forum in August 2019. The design incorporates modern ergonomics while maintaining reliability derived from the longstanding AK-series lineage. Available in 5.45×39mm, , and calibers, the TR3 has an unloaded weight of 3.7–3.8 kg, with an overall length of 880–940 mm (folded: 690 mm) and a 415 mm barrel. Key features include a left-folding, adjustable-length stock for compact storage and user fit; integrated Picatinny rails on the top cover, handguard, and forend for and accessories; and an adjustable gas block to optimize performance with suppressors or varying ammunition. The employs a long-stroke gas piston system with a two-lug , and its feature an adjustable diopter rear sight graduated from 100 to 800 meters, supporting an effective firing range of approximately 500 meters depending on caliber. It uses 10-round magazines to meet civilian restrictions, though compatible with 30-round options where permitted. Marketed primarily for sport shooting and , the TR3 emphasizes accuracy, reduced , and modularity for non-military users. Production occurs at the facility in , , with the rifle priced around $1,200 USD on international markets. It complies with international civilian firearm regulations through its semi-automatic operation, limited capacity, and absence of selective-fire capability. Variants and accessories enhance versatility, including a threaded barrel option for attaching suppressors and an ergonomic for improved handling during extended sessions.

NR4A1 (TR3 gene)

The NR4A1 , also known as TR3, is a located on 12q13.13 that encodes the Nur77 protein, an orphan functioning as an immediate-early responsive to various stimuli. This protein belongs to the NR4A family of transcription factors and plays a pivotal role in cellular signaling pathways. Discovered in 1988 by et al. through identification as a nerve growth factor-inducible , NR4A1 has been implicated in T-cell development, where it modulates selection and . Its dysregulation is associated with , evidenced by altered expression in immune cells contributing to chronic , and with various cancers, including pancreatic and tumors, where it promotes proliferation and survival. The receptor's functions include regulation of , , and metabolism; for instance, it induces in response to stress signals and suppresses pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages. In neuronal cells, NR4A1 is activated by stimuli such as (NGF), influencing survival and differentiation pathways. NR4A1 exhibits high expression in the brain, adrenal glands, and immune cells, reflecting its involvement in neuroendocrine and immunological processes. Knockout studies in mice demonstrate that NR4A1-deficient animals are viable and fertile but display immune defects, including spontaneous systemic inflammation, excessive immune cell infiltration in peripheral tissues, and impaired monocyte differentiation. As of 2025, research highlights NR4A1 as a promising therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases, with agonists showing potential to alleviate symptoms in models of , , and by modulating and neuronal survival. These developments build on earlier findings of NR4A1's role in CNS disorders, emphasizing agonist-based interventions to enhance its protective functions.

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