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Theodora

Theodora (c. 500 – 28 June 548) was the Byzantine empress consort of Justinian I from 527 until her death, ascending from origins as the daughter of a Constantinople hippodrome bear-keeper and a career in acting and mime—trades entailing public performance and, per contemporary norms, frequent prostitution—to a role of profound political sway over imperial decisions.^[1] Early life and rise: Entering Justinian's orbit circa 522 as his mistress, Theodora prompted legislative changes enabling their 525 marriage despite class barriers; crowned augusta in 527, she shaped policy by advocating laws curtailing forced prostitution, bolstering women's divorce and property rights, and endowing monasteries and orphanages for societal outcasts, reflecting a pragmatic focus on stability amid urban unrest.^[1] Her interventions extended to religious affairs, where she covertly backed Miaphysite doctrines against Justinian's enforcement of Chalcedonian orthodoxy, installing sympathizers in key ecclesiastical posts to mitigate eastern provincial dissent.^[1] Key influence and the Nika crisis: Theodora's counsel proved pivotal during the 532 Nika riots, when elite factions nearly toppled Justinian; rejecting flight, she urged confrontation—"royal purple fits a corpse most nobly," as recalled by eyewitnesses—enabling brutal suppression that claimed 30,000 lives but secured the regime against immediate collapse.^[1] This episode underscored her causal role in regime survival, prioritizing ruthless order over concession. Source challenges and controversies: Biographical details derive chiefly from Procopius of Caesarea, whose public Wars and Buildings extol her shrewdness, yet whose clandestine Secret History—penned post-fall from favor—deploys hyperbolic invective, depicting her as a demonic voluptuary orchestrating orgies and murders, a rhetorical inversion betraying authorial bias over empirical fidelity.^[2] Such dissonance highlights the era's historiographical unreliability, where official panegyric clashes with private grievance, complicating assessments of her agency versus attributed vices. Theodora succumbed to gangrene or dysentery, her death eroding Justinian's vigor and marking the close of Byzantium's most assertive empress.^[1]

Historical figures known as Theodora

Byzantine empresses

Theodora (c. 500–28 June 548), consort of Emperor Justinian I, rose from origins as the daughter of a bear-keeper at the Hippodrome in Constantinople to become one of the most influential figures in 6th-century Byzantine governance after her marriage to Justinian on 25 April 525, following legislative changes that permitted senators to wed actresses. She exercised significant advisory influence over imperial policy, including support for military reconquests in North Africa and Italy, and contributed to the compilation of the Corpus Juris Civilis, though her role was framed within the autocratic partnership of the imperial couple rather than independent authorship.^[3] During the Nika riots of January 532, which threatened Justinian's overthrow amid unified opposition from Blue and Green factions, Theodora reportedly urged the emperor to remain in the city and suppress the uprising decisively, leading to the execution of approximately 30,000 rebels by loyal forces under Belisarius and Mundus; this action preserved the regime but exemplified the era's reliance on brute force for stability.^[4] She advocated for legal reforms enhancing protections against forced prostitution, easing divorce for abused wives, and punishing rape more severely, as evidenced in Novels 14, 22, 51, and 117, though these measures operated within the patriarchal structure of Roman law and served to consolidate imperial authority.^[5] Theodora's strong sympathies for Monophysitism, a Christological doctrine emphasizing Christ's single nature, led her to patronize miaphysite clergy and establish refuges like the castle of Rhau in Syria, fostering doctrinal tensions with Chalcedonian orthodoxy and contributing to schisms that undermined ecclesiastical unity under Justinian's reign.^[6] Accounts of her personal conduct, such as those in Procopius' Secret History—a polemical text written by a disaffected courtier alleging sexual promiscuity, cruelty, and manipulation—contrast sharply with official panegyrics portraying her as pious; scholarly analysis views the Secret History as inverted hagiography driven by personal animus rather than dispassionate record, prioritizing verifiable legislative and diplomatic actions over unsubstantiated scandals.^[3] Theodora (c. 815–after 867), consort of Emperor Theophilos, was selected via a bride-show and crowned empress on 5 June 830, navigating her husband's Iconoclast policies while privately maintaining iconophile convictions, as inferred from her later actions despite oaths of conformity.^[7] Upon Theophilos' death on 20 January 842, she assumed regency for their underage son Michael III, promptly restoring icon veneration through the "Triumph of Orthodoxy" on 11 March 842 and influencing the Synod of Constantinople in 843 to condemn Iconoclasm definitively, thereby ending the second phase of the controversy that had divided the empire since 726.^[8] As regent until 856, she managed court intrigues, including alliances with relatives like Bardas, and extended patronage to monasteries such as Gastria, which she founded and where she retired after abdicating power to Michael amid pressures from the Caesar Bardas; her governance stabilized the Amorian dynasty temporarily but favored familial networks, contributing to factional rivalries.^[9] Later hagiographic traditions, rooted in Orthodox chronicles, emphasize her role in doctrinal restoration without addressing potential nepotism, reflecting the era's integration of imperial piety with political pragmatism. Theodora Porphyrogenita (c. 981–31 August 1056), youngest daughter of Emperor Constantine VIII, co-ruled briefly with her sister Zoe from 19 April to 21 June 1042 following Zoe's deposition of Michael IV, then entered monastic seclusion until proclaimed sole empress on 11 January 1055 after Zoe's failed marriage to Constantine IX Monomachos weakened the regime.^[10] Her independent eight-month reign addressed Macedonian dynasty decline by appointing competent administrators like John the Eunuch as protovestiarios and restoring Chalcedonian orthodoxy against prior Monophysite leniency under Zoe's consorts, though evaluations of her administrative acumen are mixed with critiques of reliance on court favorites amid fiscal strains and Norman threats in Italy.^[11] Theodora's death without heir marked the effective end of direct Macedonian rule, paving the way for military emperors like Isaac I Komnenos; contemporary accounts in chronicles such as those of Michael Psellos highlight her resistance to dynastic erosion but note limited innovations, attributing stability to procedural continuity rather than transformative policies.^[12]

Trebizondian empresses

Theodora Megale Komnene, daughter of Emperor Manuel I Megas Komnenos and his Georgian consort Rusudan, acceded as empress regnant of Trebizond in 1284 following the death of her brother John II, though some accounts describe her assumption of power as a brief usurpation amid succession disputes.^[13] Her rule, lasting until 1285, is attested by 36 surviving coin specimens bearing her name and titles, providing numismatic evidence of her authority despite sparse narrative records.^[13] The Chronicle of Michael Panaretos, the primary Pontic Greek source for Trebizond's history, records her sudden flight from the capital in 1285, likely due to opposition from her brother George, highlighting the internal Komnenian rivalries that undermined the empire's stability against external pressures from Mongol overlords and neighboring Turkmen groups.^[13] Limited documentation emphasizes defensive consolidation rather than expansive diplomacy during her tenure, with familial ties to Georgia via her mother potentially aiding indirect alliances for survival, though no specific initiatives are credited to her.^[13] Theodora Komnene Kantakouzene, daughter of the Byzantine noble Nikephoros Kantakouzenos, married Alexios III Megas Komnenos on 21 September 1350, becoming empress consort until his abdication in 1390.^[13] As consort during Trebizond's protracted navigation of Mongol Ilkhanate decline and rising Timurid influence, she bore key heirs including Manuel III and facilitated court continuity, though primary agency in policy rested with Alexios III, whose strategies involved tribute to Timur (including a 1392 embassy) and marital diplomacy—such as betrothals of Komnenian daughters to Turkmen emirs—to avert conquest.^[13] Panaretos notes her later tonsure as nun Theodosia post-abdication, underscoring the role of imperial women in preserving Orthodox liturgical and cultural traditions amid isolation from Constantinople, even as dynastic infighting, exemplified by earlier struggles like Theodora Megale's, eroded defenses leading to the empire's 1461 Ottoman fall.^[13] A later Theodora Kantakouzene, daughter of Theodoros Kantakouzenos and consort to Alexios IV from circa 1395 until her death in 1426, founded the Pharos convent, contributing to monastic patronage that sustained Byzantine ecclesiastical forms under intensifying Ottoman encirclement, per Panaretos.^[13] These figures' tenures reflect Trebizond's reliance on kinship networks and cautious realpolitik for autonomy, with alliances yielding temporary respite from Mongol suzerainty and Turkmen raids, yet recurrent palace conflicts—rooted in the Komnenoi's fragmented inheritance—fostered divisions that Laonikos Chalkokondyles later critiqued as hastening subjugation, prioritizing verifiable chronicle and epigraphic data over hagiographic embellishments.^[13]

Other historical figures

Episcopa Theodora (fl. early 9th century) served as the mother of Pope Paschal I (r. 817–824) and wife of the Roman official Bonusus. A mosaic in Rome's Santa Prassede church, commissioned by Paschal I around 822, depicts her with the inscription "Theodora episcopa," a Greek term denoting a female bishop or overseer, which has fueled scholarly debate on early medieval women's ecclesiastical roles amid Carolingian influences on the papacy. While some contemporary analyses propose it signifies an ordained office, primary evidence limits this to possible oversight of monastic or familial pious foundations, as no records confirm women performing episcopal functions like ordination in the Latin West at the time; the title may reflect honorific usage for high-status clergy relatives during a period of papal independence struggles.^[14]^[15] Theodora, known as the Elder or senatrix (c. 875–c. 925), was a Roman aristocrat and wife of Theophylact I, Count of Tusculum, from a family tied to the Crescentii clan. As vestararia (imperial wardrobe overseer) under popes like Formosus and later senatrix, she wielded significant influence in late Carolingian and early Ottonian-era Roman politics, leveraging alliances to secure familial dominance over the papacy through daughters Marozia and Theodora the Younger, who produced multiple popes including John X and John XI. This era's familial control, documented in chronicles like Liutprand of Cremona's Antapodosis, involved documented instances of simony, violence, and serial papal depositions, contributing to the saeculum obscurum (obscure century) of perceived institutional decay, though annals also note Theodora's role in stabilizing local power amid Saracen raids and imperial interventions.^[16]^[17]

Arts and entertainment

Literature and historical portrayals

Procopius, a Byzantine official and historian who served under Emperor Justinian I, provided contrasting literary portrayals of Empress Theodora in his works. In his official histories, such as Buildings (c. 550s CE), Procopius praised Theodora's contributions to architectural patronage, including her role in funding churches and public works alongside Justinian, reflecting her documented influence on imperial projects like the reconstruction efforts post-Nika Revolt in 532 CE.^[18] However, in the posthumously circulated Secret History (Anecdota, written c. 550 CE but unpublished until the 17th century), Procopius depicted Theodora as a former actress and courtesan whose early life involved public performances of explicit mimes and alleged promiscuity, rising through seduction and manipulation to wield autocratic power, including orchestrating executions like that of rival prefect John the Cappadocian in 541 CE.^[19] Scholars assess the Secret History's reliability as limited, viewing it as a product of Procopius' personal disillusionment and possible grudges against the imperial couple's policies, such as centralization and religious favoritism toward Monophysitism, rather than dispassionate record; its sensational claims, like Theodora's supposed orchestration of mass abortions or demonic influences on Justinian, lack corroboration from other contemporary sources and align with rhetorical invective traditions rather than empirical evidence.^[3] Later Byzantine chroniclers offered more restrained accounts, often tempering Procopius' extremes. Theophanes the Confessor's Chronicle (c. 810–814 CE), covering events up to 813 CE but drawing on earlier annals, briefly notes Theodora's role in Justinian's reign without the lurid details, emphasizing her advisory influence during crises like the Nika Revolt, where she reportedly urged resistance against rebels, preserving the throne through decisive counsel grounded in pragmatic power retention rather than moral virtue. Hagiographic texts in Oriental Orthodox traditions, such as saints' lives from the 6th–9th centuries, portray Theodora positively as a protector of Monophysite Christians, crediting her with founding convents and intervening against Chalcedonian persecutions, though these accounts reflect sectarian biases favoring her religious patronage over neutral historical analysis and omit her involvement in political purges.^[20] Modern literature frequently draws on Procopius' Secret History for dramatic effect, amplifying Theodora's scandalous origins while critiquing or romanticizing her ambition. Stella Duffy's novel Theodora: Actress, Empress, Whore (2010) fictionalizes her ascent from Hippodrome performer to empress, incorporating details of vice and stagecraft from Procopius but framing her ruthlessness as adaptive survival in a patriarchal autocracy, though this risks over-embellishing unverified anecdotes at the expense of verified causal factors like Justinian's personal attachment enabling her policy sway. Similarly, M.J. Trow's The Secret History: A Novel of Empress Theodora (2012) and James G. Martin's Too Soon the Night (2021) sequel explore her intrigues and patronage, such as legal reforms improving women's divorce rights around 535 CE, but prioritize narrative intrigue over scrutiny of sources, often sanitizing autocratic elements into empowerment tales disconnected from the era's hierarchical realities.^[21] Scholarly biographies, like James Allan Evans' The Empress Theodora: Partner of Justinian (2002), prioritize primary evidence such as legal codes and inscriptions to reconstruct her influence on theology and administration, cautioning against Procopius-derived legends that distort her role as a co-ruler exercising power through marital leverage rather than independent merit.^[22] These portrayals underscore a persistent tension between empirical records of Theodora's tangible impacts—e.g., her 548 CE intervention in Samaritan revolts—and literary distortions favoring moral caricature over causal analysis of imperial dynamics.

Film, television, and music

The 1954 Italian historical drama Theodora, Slave Empress (original title: Teodora, imperatrice di Bisanzio), directed by Riccardo Freda and starring Gianna Maria Canale, depicts Theodora's rise from a courtesan and former slave to empress consort, emphasizing her seduction of Justinian and role in palace intrigues amid the Nika Revolt.^[23] The film sensationalizes her agency in events like the 532 revolt's suppression, portraying her as a decisive force in rallying troops, but historical records, primarily from Procopius, indicate her advisory influence persuaded Justinian to crush the uprising—resulting in an estimated 30,000 deaths—rather than direct command authority limited by her status as consort. This exaggeration aligns with mid-20th-century peplum genre tropes, prioritizing romantic ascent over documented realpolitik, including her patronage of Monophysite Christians that fueled doctrinal schisms despite Justinian's Chalcedonian orthodoxy. An earlier silent film, Teodora (1921), directed by Leopoldo Carlucci, similarly frames Theodora as a former slave marrying Justinian to claim the throne, focusing on her transformative ambition in a Rome-Byzantium hybrid setting.^[24] Such portrayals draw selectively from Procopius' Secret History, which vilifies her as lascivious and power-hungry, yet modern critiques note the films' underemphasis on evidentiary debates over her pre-imperial life—Procopius' prostitution claims lack corroboration from contemporary sources like Justinian's legal codes—and inflate her independent policymaking beyond advisory roles in reforms like anti-rape statutes. While these works popularize her contributions to women's legal protections, such as expanded divorce rights, they often romanticize her as a self-made icon, sidelining causal factors like elite patronage networks that enabled her elevation. Television and documentary treatments remain sparse, reflecting limited Western interest in Byzantine narratives. A 2022 BBC Reel segment, "Justinian and Theodora: The Byzantine power couple," succinctly outlines their joint rule, crediting Theodora's input on religious and social policies but glossing over controversies like her alleged involvement in purges documented by Procopius.^[25] Recent proposals, including unproduced scripts by Gore Vidal for Martin Scorsese, highlight potential for deeper exploration but underscore persistent challenges in balancing her reforms—e.g., prohibiting forced prostitution—with brutal countermeasures that prioritized regime stability over humanitarian consistency.^[26] Modern framings in outlets like academic articles risk anachronistic proto-feminism, attributing outsized progressive intent while academic sources, often institutionally biased toward egalitarian reinterpretations, downplay Monophysite favoritism's role in empire-wide divisions.^[27] Musical depictions of Theodora are negligible, with no major 18th- or 19th-century operas or compositions centering the Byzantine empress, unlike Procopius-inspired textual lore that alternately casts her as tragic consort or villainess. Handel's 1749 oratorio Theodora (HWV 68) features a namesake Christian martyr in Roman Antioch, unrelated to the historical figure despite thematic overlaps in persecution and faith. This absence contrasts with romantic-era enthusiasm for Eastern exotics, suggesting her story's moral ambiguities—blending empowerment with realpolitik excesses—resisted operatic idealization, preserving her legacy more in visual media's selective heroism than auditory romanticism.

Other uses

Geographical and institutional names

The Church of Saint Theodora in Arta, Greece, is dedicated to Theodora (c. 1225–after 1270), the consort of Despot Michael II Komnenos Doukas of Epirus and a venerated saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church, serving as the city's patronal shrine in its historic Byzantine center.^[28]^[29] This 13th-century structure reflects enduring Orthodox commemorations of imperial figures named Theodora, whose name derives from the Greek Theodōra ("God's gift"). Limited modern institutions bear the name directly tied to Byzantine legacy, though Orthodox naming conventions persist in religious sites honoring these historical women.

Miscellaneous references

In scientific nomenclature, the name "Theodora" appears in several taxa, often as a species epithet honoring historical or personal figures rather than deriving directly from the Byzantine empress. The asteroid (440) Theodora, discovered on October 13, 1898, by Edward F. Coddington at Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, California, was named for Theodora Stone, daughter of benefactor Julius F. Stone of Ohio State University.^[30] The stonefly species Doroneuria theodora, described by Needham and Claassen in 1922, exemplifies entomological usage, with records in North American plecopteran surveys.^[31] Similarly, the catfish synonym Clarias theodora Weber, 1897, reflects ichthyological application in Southeast Asian freshwater classifications.^[32] These instances demonstrate sporadic adoption in taxonomy, persisting through Linnaean conventions without implying causal links to primary historical referents. Nautical references include modern vessels bearing the name, underscoring practical rather than symbolic utility. The bulk carrier Theodora (IMO 9462445), built in 2008 and flagged under Panama, operates in international trade with a deadweight tonnage suited for bulk cargo.^[33] The ferry Agia Theodora, measuring 85 meters in length and accommodating 732 passengers plus 160 vehicles, serves Greek island routes under Kerkyra Lines.^[34] Earlier, the U.S. fishing vessel Theodora sank on February 11, 1983, off Alaska amid severe weather, prompting reforms in Coast Guard rescue protocols due to its rapid flooding and crew disorientation.^[35] Such namings highlight endurance in maritime registries, though they dilute historical specificity amid thousands of active ships. Contemporary commercial uses remain niche, with limited penetration compared to ubiquitous names like biblical derivatives. Theodora AI, founded to detect and mitigate biases in data and decision-making via patented algorithms deployed on Microsoft Azure, emerged around 2025 targeting corporate applications beyond legal sectors.^[36] The Theodora Award, launched by Este Arte and Theodora Experimental, recognizes intersections of ethical AI, technology, and art, emphasizing boundary expansion without mass adoption.^[37] Furniture lines, such as the Theodora collection by various manufacturers featuring ash veneer and pearl finishes, appear in retail but lack dominant market share.^[38] These reflect cultural persistence in branding, yet empirical rarity underscores "Theodora's" confinement to specialized domains over broad symbolic revival.

References

[1]
Roman Emperors - DIR Theodora
Jul 25, 1998 · Theodora and Justinian were frequently on opposite sides of the great theological contention about the Trinity. Yet, both sought common ground.
[2]
Empress Theodora, rhetoric, and Byzantine primary sources
The writings of Prokopios of Caesarea, a historian during the reign of Justinian and Theodora, are our main source for their reign. Prokopios wrote several ...
[3]
[PDF] Theodora, a (not so) Holy Harlot: Procopius' Secret History and the ...
Theodora, as is well known, is a saint, commemorated with (and after) Justinian, in the Orthodox tradition—celebrated on 14 November—and her life would fit ...
[4]
Primary Source: Procopius on Justinian and Theodora
Primary Source: Procopius on Justinian and Theodora. This text is available online at the Medieval Sourcebook. Justinian Suppresses the Nika Revolts from ...Missing: credibility scholarly analysis
[5]
[PDF] The Role of the Empress in Sixth Century Imperial Religious Policy
Theodora worked with Justinian to maintain the loyalties of the provinces in the east while he concentrated on returning the west to imperial control. The ...
[6]
Theodora (Empress)
Pazdernik, 'Our most pious consort given us by God: Dissident reactions to the partnership of Justinian and Theodora, AD 525–549', Classical Antiquity 13 (1994) ...
[7]
Theodora - satucket.com
Dec 14, 2024 · Theodora (c. 815 – after 867) was a Byzantine Empress as the spouse of the Byzantine emperor Theophilos, and regent of her son, Michael III
[8]
Righteous Theodora, wife of Emperor Theophilus the Iconoclast
Feb 11, 2025 · Holy Empress Theodora was the wife of the Byzantine emperor Theophilus the Iconoclast (829-842), but she did not share in the heresy of her ...
[9]
Saint Theodora - wife of Theophilus the Iconoclast
Theodora now had supreme power, and her first care was to restore the worship of images, in spite of her heavy oaths to Theophilus. In this she needed diplomacy ...Missing: facts | Show results with:facts
[10]
On this day in 1056 AD, Byzantine Empress Theodora passed away -
Sep 1, 2022 · On this day, August 31, in 1056 AD, Byzantine Empress Theodora Porphyrogenita died. Theodora was the youngest daughter of Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII and ...
[11]
Theodora Porphyrogenita - Emily Kittell-Queller
Oct 20, 2014 · Empress Theodora Porphyrogenita (980-1056 CE) was the younger sister of Zoe Porphyrogenita. In her later life she co-ruled with her sister until Zoe married ...
[12]
Zoë & Theodora Porphyrogenita - How two sisters ruled the ...
Jan 31, 2022 · Her younger sister, Theodora, would become the sole ruler of the Byzantine empire in 1055 C.E.. Princess Zoë was selected to become the wife ...
[13]
TREBIZOND - Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
The Chronicle of Michael Panaretos records "the attack, raid and sudden flight of the lady Theodora Komnene, the first daughter of the lord Manuel the Grand ...
[14]
Santa Prassede and Episcopa Theodora - The Ecumenism Blog
Oct 26, 2009 · Theodora's image is an intriguing one, for it figures strongly in the debate about the role of women in the church, especially regarding ordination and ...
[15]
'Theodora the Bishop': Pope Francis and Women Deacons
Jun 1, 2016 · She was Paschal I's mother, but that isn't why she was called episcopa. Episcopa means woman 'bishop', 'presbyter', or 'elder'. This suggests ...
[16]
Theodora of Rome (c. 875–c. 925) - Encyclopedia.com
Theodora of Rome, probably born in or near Rome around 875, was the wife and political ally of Theophylacte from Tusculum, one of the most prominent Roman ...
[17]
The Woman who Ruled the Papacy - Medievalists.net
Sep 10, 2023 · A woman named Marozia entered the scene. Born between 890 and 892, she was the daughter of the Roman consul Theophylact, Count of Tusculum, and of Theodora.
[18]
Procopius: Secret History
For Theodora hated her, and had already shown her teeth. But when that Queen became involved in difficulties, she won her friendship by helping her, first to ...<|separator|>
[19]
What Was Procopius' “Secret History”? (& Why You Shouldn't Trust It)
Oct 18, 2024 · According to Procopius, Theodora was a former actress and courtesan who used her seductive talents and beauty to manipulate men and climb the ...
[20]
[PDF] Empress Theodora of Byzantium Through the Lens of Ancient ...
This paper evaluates the historical reception of Byzantine Empress Theodora through the lens of her contempo- raries and societal expectations.
[21]
The Secret History: A Novel of Empress Theodora - Amazon.com
30-day returnsA clever, resilient woman rises from poverty to become the most powerful empress of the Byzantine Empire.
[22]
The Empress Theodora - University of Texas Press
In this book, James Allan Evans provides a scholarly, yet highly accessible account of the life and times of the Empress Theodora.
[23]
Theodora, Slave Empress (1954) - IMDb
Rating 5.8/10 (298) Teodora, a Roman courtesan and former slave girl, marries the Roman emperor Justinian and assumes the throne as Empress of Rome.
[24]
Theodora (1921) - IMDb
Rating 7.4/10 (24) A Roman courtesan and former slave girl marries the Roman emperor Justinian and assumes the throne as Empress of Rome.
[25]
Justinian and Theodora: The Byzantine power couple - BBC
Nov 23, 2022 · Emperor Justinian I and Empress Theodora were the 6th Century golden couple of the Byzantine Empire. ... Film & TV · Ichigo Ichie: the Japanese ...
[26]
https://brightlightsfilm.com/political-filmmaking-and-americas-poisoned-chalice-the-banned-gore-vidal-interview
[27]
Empress Theodora: A feminist at the dawn of the Middle Ages
May 15, 2018 · This article, however, shows that ancient empress Theodora of Byzanthium was one of the precursors of modern-day feminism.
[28]
The main church of Saint Theodora, empress and patron saint of Arta.
The main church of Saint Theodora, empress and patron saint of Arta. The church of Saint Theodora is built in the historic center of Byzantine and modern Arta.
[29]
Theodora of Arta - OrthodoxWiki
Mar 11, 2025 · Theodora of Arta was the wife of Michael II Komnenos Doukas who was the ruler (Emperor) of Epiros in the thirteenth century.
[30]
Catalogue of Minor Planet Names and Discovery Circumstances
... Theodora. Discovered 1898 Oct. 13 by E. F. Coddington at Mount. Hamilton. Named in honor of the daughter of Mr. Julius. F. Stone who was a benefactor and long ...
[31]
Doroneuria theodora (Needham & Claassen, 1922)
Doroneuria theodora (Needham & Claassen, 1922) in Dosdall & Giberson, 2014: 221. Nomenclature references (11). Dosdall, L.M. & Giberson, ...
[32]
Scientific Name - Search Result - FishBase
Scientific Name - Search Result. More info ... Scientific Names where Genus Equals Clarias ... Clarias theodora, Weber, 1897, Clarias ...
[33]
THEODORA - Bulk Carrier (IMO: 9462445, MMSI: 372359000)
The vessel THEODORA (IMO: 9462445, MMSI: 372359000) is a Bulk Carrier that was built in 2008 ( 17 years old ). It's sailing under the flag of [PA] Panama.
[34]
Ferry Agia Theodora | KerkyraLines
F/B Agia Theodora. Dimensions: 85,00 m. length and 15,20 m. width. Capacity: 732 passengers and 160 vehicles.
[35]
Written in Blood: The Catastrophic Shipwreck that Prompted the ...
Jul 26, 2022 · The crew of the 65-foot fishing vessel Theodora was disoriented, and the ship was taking on water fast. It was Feb. 11, 1983, and a record ...
[36]
Theodora AI's patented technology on Azure helps companies fight ...
May 2, 2025 · As Theodora AI expanded its research, it discovered that bias extends far beyond the legal system – it shapes human behavior, brand perception, ...<|separator|>
[37]
Theodora Ethical AI - Mobile
The Theodora Award by Este Arte is a joint initiative by ESTE ARTE and Theodora Experimental, created to expand the boundaries of technology, ethics, and art.
[38]
https://www.bigsonline.com/products/theodora-night-stand