Fact-checked by Grok 2 weeks ago

Alternate ending

An alternate ending, also known as an alternative ending, is a variant conclusion to a narrative in film, literature, television, or other media that diverges from the final version presented to audiences, often created during the development process but ultimately discarded or revised in favor of another resolution.^[1]^[2] These endings serve to explore different thematic outcomes, character arcs, or emotional impacts, providing creators with flexibility to refine the story based on test audience reactions, studio input, or artistic intent.^[1]^[3] In film production, alternate endings are commonly filmed alongside the primary conclusion to allow for adjustments post-shooting, particularly in response to preview screenings or concerns over market reception.^[1]^[4] For instance, Ridley Scott's Blade Runner (1982) features multiple endings across its various cuts, including a more optimistic "happy ending" in the original theatrical release that was later replaced by an ambiguous director's cut to better align with the film's noir themes.^[1] Similarly, Jordan Peele's Get Out (2017) originally concluded with the protagonist's arrest in a darker twist, but this was altered to a heroic escape following test audience feedback, emphasizing empowerment over despair.^[1] Such variations highlight tensions between directors' visions and commercial demands, often resurfacing in home video releases or special editions to offer viewers expanded narrative possibilities.^[1] In literature, alternate endings extend beyond discarded drafts to deliberate structural choices that challenge conventional closure and engage readers with multiple interpretive paths.^[2] John Fowles's The French Lieutenant's Woman (1969) exemplifies this by presenting two distinct conclusions, allowing the audience to select between a tragic or redemptive resolution, thereby redefining narrative expectations and sustaining engagement through informational gaps and suspense.^[2] This approach draws from postmodern influences, where endings manipulate reader curiosity and surprise rather than providing singular resolution, as seen in adaptations like the 1981 film version that incorporates similar dualities.^[2]^[5] Overall, alternate endings underscore the iterative nature of storytelling, fostering deeper thematic exploration and audience interaction while reflecting broader cultural shifts in how narratives are constructed and consumed.^[1]^[2] They appear in various forms, from fan edits and novel sequels to interactive media, demonstrating their enduring role in enhancing a work's complexity and replay value.^[1]

Conceptual Foundations

Definition

An alternate ending is a variant conclusion to a narrative in literature, film, or other media that diverges from the canonical or officially released version, typically developed during the creation process or afterward to offer an alternative resolution to the plot.^[2] This divergence fundamentally alters the story's closure by changing key elements such as character fates, thematic outcomes, or emotional impacts, thereby redefining the narrative's overall resonance without extending the story into new events.^[2] Unlike a standard ending that provides definitive resolution, an alternate ending introduces variability, often arising from production decisions, audience feedback, or creative revisions, and it maintains the core plot while shifting its interpretive possibilities.^[2] Key characteristics of alternate endings include their capacity to destabilize expected closure and engage audiences with counterfactual scenarios, such as "what if" resolutions that highlight suppressed narrative paths inherent in the story's structure. These endings can range from substantial rewrites that transform the narrative's tone to subtler adjustments, like reshot scenes, but they must resolve the plot in a meaningfully different manner to qualify as alternatives rather than mere extensions.^[1] In theoretical terms, alternate endings create informational gaps that prolong reader or viewer curiosity, distinguishing them from canonical conclusions that fully resolve narrative interest.^[2] Alternate endings differ from sequels, which continue the narrative into additional installments, and from fan fiction, which represents unofficial, reader-generated reinterpretations; instead, they consist of sanctioned variations produced by the original authors or creators within the bounds of the primary work.^[2] This authorial endorsement ensures that alternate endings remain integral to the official narrative ecosystem, often serving as supplementary material that enriches but does not supplant the established canon. Common types of alternate endings encompass fully scripted alternatives published alongside the main text in literary editions, repurposed deleted scenes in film releases, and supplementary variants included as extras on home media formats like DVDs, which may involve minor edits or entirely reconceived conclusions. These forms allow creators to explore rejected possibilities without disrupting the primary storyline, often reflecting the iterative nature of narrative production.^[2]

Purposes and Motivations

Alternate endings serve several production motivations, primarily to gauge and respond to audience preferences during the filmmaking process. Filmmakers often shoot multiple versions to test reactions in focus groups, enabling adjustments that align with viewer expectations without compromising core narrative elements.^[1] This practice also accommodates studio demands for commercially viable conclusions or hedges against regulatory constraints, such as creating variant cuts for international markets with differing censorship standards.^[6] From an artistic standpoint, alternate endings allow creators to probe thematic ambiguities and offer diverse closure options, enriching the interpretive depth of a work. In literature, they facilitate exploration of complex character arcs by illustrating how varied decisions yield contrasting consequences, thereby underscoring themes like free will and moral ambiguity.^[7] Within interactive media, such as video games, multiple endings boost replay value by tying outcomes to player agency, encouraging repeated engagement to uncover all narrative paths and enhancing the overall experiential complexity.^[8] Commercially, alternate endings provide incentives for home media consumption, as studios package them as exclusive extras on DVDs and digital releases to drive sales. These features satisfy audience curiosity about unrealized possibilities, adding perceived value and differentiating products in a competitive market.^[9]^[10] On a psychological level, alternate endings empower audiences to engage with preferred resolutions, promoting active interpretation and emotional investment in the story's implications. By presenting "what if" scenarios, they stimulate post-consumption discussions, nostalgia for creative choices, and a sense of personal connection to the narrative.^[1]

Historical Context

Early Instances in Literature

The concept of alternate endings in literature traces its roots to antiquity, where textual transmission through manuscripts often resulted in variant readings for works like those of Euripides. In Greek tragedies, such as Euripides' plays, differences in surviving manuscripts arose due to the processes of copying and editing over centuries, leading to discrepancies in wording or emphasis that scholars must reconstruct. For instance, the textual tradition of Euripides' dramas shows variations influenced by ancient performances, scholarly annotations, and medieval copying practices. These variants were not intentional authorial alternatives but products of an evolving manuscript culture that preserved multiple readings.^[11] During the medieval and Renaissance periods, similar variability appeared in major literary collections, exemplified by Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales (late 14th century). Chaucer's unfinished work survives in over 80 manuscripts, many of which feature incomplete tales or differing arrangements of the concluding sections, such as the Retraction or the Parson's Tale, due to scribes' interventions and the lack of a finalized authorial order. This manuscript diversity created de facto alternate conclusions, as readers encountered variable paths to the pilgrimage's end, reflecting the fluid nature of pre-print literary dissemination. Such practices highlighted how incomplete authorship and scribal traditions could yield multiple interpretive closures. Additionally, medieval romances like those in the Arthurian cycle often featured multiple codas or variant resolutions in different manuscripts, providing early examples of deliberate narrative flexibility.^[12] By the 19th century, alternate endings emerged more deliberately through serialization and reader feedback, as seen in Charles Dickens' Great Expectations (1861). Originally published in weekly installments in Dickens' magazine All the Year Round, the novel's ending was revised after input from Dickens' friend Edward Bulwer-Lytton, who suggested a happier resolution; the published version thus unites Pip and Estella ambiguously, contrasting the original draft's bleaker separation. This adjustment, made post-serialization but before book form, illustrates how Victorian publishing responded to audience expectations, producing two distinct endings now preserved in scholarly editions. Similarly, Wilkie Collins' The Woman in White (1859–1860), serialized concurrently in All the Year Round and Harper's Weekly, underwent revisions from serial to book edition, including streamlined recaps and restructured chapters to suit single-volume reading, though without multiple published endings. These practices underscore serialization's role in fostering authorial flexibility and variant conclusions in response to commercial and reader-driven demands.^[13]^[14]

Emergence in Film and Broadcast Media

The emergence of alternate endings in film began during the silent era, where innovative narrative structures allowed for interpretive conclusions rather than linear resolutions. D.W. Griffith's Intolerance (1916) exemplified this approach through its four parallel storylines spanning different historical periods—Babylon in 539 BCE, Jerusalem in 27 AD, France during the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre in 1572, and contemporary America—which interweave to illustrate themes of intolerance and redemption, enabling audiences to derive multiple interpretive endings based on the thematic connections rather than a singular closure. Some versions of the film also include alternate sequences, such as a different resolution to the Fall of Babylon segment. This multi-threaded format marked an early shift from straightforward plots to more complex, viewer-driven interpretations, influenced by literary precedents but adapted to cinema's visual potential.^[15]^[16]^[17] During the Hollywood Golden Age of the 1920s and 1930s, alternate endings became more common due to audience testing and market adaptations, with studios frequently reshooting conclusions based on preview feedback to align with commercial expectations. Test screenings, a practice solidified in this period, often prompted such changes; films were screened to select audiences, and negative responses to endings led to reshoots that softened or altered outcomes to ensure box-office success, as seen in various productions where moral or romantic resolutions were adjusted post-preview.^[18] The introduction of alternate endings extended to broadcast media in the 1940s and 1950s, particularly through radio dramas and early television anthology series that experimented with narrative variations to suit episodic formats. Earlier 1940s-1950s radio anthologies like Suspense and Lights Out featured twist endings and adaptations to sponsor or censorship demands. Rod Serling's The Twilight Zone, debuting in 1959, built on this tradition by featuring self-contained stories with innovative twist endings that provided unexpected resolutions, elevating narrative experimentation in visual television.^[19]^[20] Technological advancements in editing and distribution enabled these developments, with montage techniques pioneered by Griffith allowing seamless integration of multiple threads, and the production of duplicate prints facilitating region-specific versions without reshooting entire films. In The Third Man (1949), for example, the UK release retained the full 104-minute cut with its poignant, ambiguous ending where Anna ignores Holly, while the US version was shortened by 11 minutes after previews, incorporating minor adjustments to narration and pacing for American audiences, though the core conclusion remained intact.^[21] Multiple prints and post-production editing thus became key enablers, permitting studios to customize endings for international markets or test feedback by the mid-20th century, a practice absent in earlier literary forms.^[22]

Literary Examples

Classic Novels and Stories

In Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice (1813), the novel underwent significant revisions from its original draft titled First Impressions, completed around 1796-1797, though the manuscript is lost, making precise comparisons challenging. Austen "lopt & cropt" the text extensively in 1811-1812 to prepare it for publication, shortening it compared to Sense and Sensibility and refining the narrative structure. Due to the lost manuscript, specific changes to plot or character development are unknown.^[23] Edgar Allan Poe's short story "The Fall of the House of Usher" (1839) exhibits minor textual variants across its early editions, such as in Burton's Gentleman's Magazine and later collections like Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque (1840), primarily involving word choices and punctuation rather than major plot alterations. For instance, phrases like "head of the dragon" appeared with potential misprints in some printings, but the core horror resolution—Madeline's return from the tomb, Roderick's death, and the house's collapse—remains consistent, preserving the story's atmospheric terror without substantive changes to the climax. These variants reflect Poe's habit of revising for different publications to enhance rhythm and tone, subtly intensifying the gothic dread in the conclusion.^[24] Victor Hugo's Les Misérables (1862) was composed over nearly two decades, starting in 1845, and published as a complete five-volume work by multiple publishers in Europe. While drafts underwent revisions to emphasize thematic depth, such as redemption and social critique, there were no serialized versions in newspapers; the novel was released in sequential volumes over two months in 1862, with minor adjustments possible between drafts but no documented changes to major resolutions for periodical formats.^[25] These pre-20th-century works illustrate the iterative revision process in classic literature, where discarded drafts often contributed to final resolutions, though specific alternate endings are rarely documented due to lost manuscripts. They influenced Victorian-era interpretations of morality, psychology, and society through their final forms.

Modern and Experimental Works

In the realm of postmodern literature, alternate endings manifest through experimental structures that disrupt linear narratives and engage readers directly in the storytelling process. Italo Calvino's 1979 novel If on a Winter's Night a Traveler exemplifies this approach, consisting of ten distinct story beginnings that are repeatedly interrupted, leaving endings unresolved and inviting the reader to imagine or construct conclusions amid the meta-narrative of pursuit and frustration.^[26] This technique underscores the postmodern emphasis on fragmentation and reader agency, where the absence of closure becomes a deliberate narrative device to challenge traditional resolution.^[27] The 1980s marked a surge in interactive literature with the popularization of choose-your-own-adventure books, which formalized branching paths leading to multiple conclusions based on reader choices. Edward Packard's Choose Your Own Adventure series, launched in 1979 and peaking in the 1980s, pioneered this format by presenting second-person narratives where decisions alter outcomes, often resulting in dozens of possible endings per volume, some triumphant and others fatal.^[28] This innovation not only democratized storytelling but also reflected broader cultural shifts toward individualism and consumer-driven experiences in American youth literature.^[29] Contemporary works continue this evolution by employing nested or interconnected narratives that permit reader-inferred alternate resolutions. David Mitchell's 2004 novel Cloud Atlas weaves six stories across genres and eras, structured in a symmetrical palindrome where the central tale reverses the outer ones, allowing interpretations of cyclical connections and potential divergences in fate among recurring characters.^[30] This layered design fosters ambiguity, enabling readers to envision alternate trajectories for the souls' reincarnations beyond the text's explicit closure.^[31] Digital publishing since the 2010s has further expanded alternate endings through e-books and apps featuring unlockable content and hyperlinked paths. Ryan North's 2013 interactive adaptation To Be or Not to Be: A Chooseable-Path Adventure, a retelling of Shakespeare's Hamlet, offers over 100 illustrated endings unlocked via reader selections, blending humor, puzzles, and canonical fidelity in a digital-friendly format.^[32] Such works signal a trend toward hybrid literary experiences, where technology enables replayability and personalized conclusions, revitalizing print traditions in electronic media.^[33]

Cinematic Examples

Studio-Produced Films

In studio-produced films, alternate endings often arise from test audience feedback, studio mandates for commercial appeal, or post-release revisions to align with a director's vision, particularly in major Hollywood productions where box office performance influences creative decisions. These changes can significantly alter narrative conclusions, character arcs, and thematic resolutions, with alternate versions frequently preserved for special editions to enhance a film's longevity. For instance, Ridley Scott's Blade Runner (1982), distributed by Warner Bros., exemplifies studio interference in its initial theatrical release. The original ending featured a optimistic escape sequence where protagonist Rick Deckard (Harrison Ford) and replicant Rachael drive off into a lush, mountainous landscape, accompanied by Ford's voiceover narration emphasizing hope and Rachael's uncertain future, elements added by the studio using reshot footage and stock shots from The Shining to make the film more accessible.^[34] This version obscured Deckard's potential replicant nature, avoiding the ambiguity of his humanity. In contrast, the 1992 Director's Cut removed the narration and escape scene, ending ambiguously with Deckard discovering a unicorn origami left by his superior, tying back to an earlier dream sequence that implies his memories are implanted, thus revealing him as a replicant and shifting the film's exploration of identity and free will.^[34] The 2007 Final Cut, supervised by Scott, further refined this by restoring violent scenes and enhancing visual effects while retaining the replicant implication, solidifying the film's cult status despite its initial box office underperformance of approximately $33 million against a $28-30 million budget.^[35] Another prominent case is I Am Legend (2007), produced by Warner Bros. and Village Roadshow Pictures, where the alternate ending provided a more nuanced resolution to the virus outbreak central to the plot. In the theatrical release, Dr. Robert Neville (Will Smith) sacrifices himself by detonating a grenade to destroy the infected "Darkseekers" while entrusting a cure to survivors Anna and Ethan, framing him as humanity's heroic savior and conclusively resolving the viral threat through his death.^[36] The DVD special edition's alternate conclusion, however, depicted Neville capturing a female Darkseeker for experimentation, only to witness the alpha male's grief-stricken plea, prompting him to release her and recognize the infected as possessing familial bonds rather than mindless monsters; he then escapes with Anna, Ethan, and the preserved cure, leaving the virus's eradication open-ended and emphasizing themes of empathy over isolation.^[36] This CGI-intensive sequence, featuring enhanced Darkseeker interactions, was the filmmakers' original intent but altered due to test screenings favoring a definitive heroic close, though it has since been widely regarded as superior for deepening Neville's moral complexity.^[36] The version's inclusion on home video contributed to the film's enduring legacy, boosting DVD sales and influencing the announced sequel, which canonizes this outcome.^[36] Studio interference is also evident in Pretty Woman (1990), a Touchstone Pictures (Disney) production directed by Garry Marshall, where test audience reactions prompted a complete overhaul of the conclusion. The original script, titled $3,000, ended bleakly with Vivian Ward (Julia Roberts) and her friend Kit returning to prostitution after their week with Edward Lewis (Richard Gere), boarding a bus to Disneyland in a moment of hollow optimism that underscored the story's gritty commentary on class and exploitation.^[37] However, previews revealed audiences' aversion to this downbeat resolution, leading Disney executives, including Jeffrey Katzenberg, to demand reshoots for a fairy-tale romance; the revised ending has Edward pursuing Vivian, culminating in their joyful reunion on a fire escape with the line "She rescues him right back," transforming the film into an uplifting rom-com.^[37] This studio-driven pivot, influenced by the stars' chemistry and Disney's preference for feel-good narratives, propelled the movie to massive commercial success, grossing $463 million worldwide on a $14 million budget and establishing it as a cultural touchstone for romantic tropes.^[37] Release strategies for alternate endings in studio films often involve bundling them into special editions or director's cuts on home video, which can revitalize interest and extend a project's financial and cultural lifespan. For Blade Runner, the Director's Cut's 1992 theatrical re-release and subsequent VHS/DVD availability shifted public perception from a flop to a sci-fi masterpiece, inspiring sequels like Blade Runner 2049 (2017) and enhancing its influence on cyberpunk aesthetics.^[38] Similarly, I Am Legend's alternate ending on the 2008 two-disc DVD edition fueled fan discussions and debates, contributing to sustained home media sales and paving the way for franchise expansion.^[36] In Pretty Woman, while no alternate footage was publicly released, the reshot ending's role in the film's blockbuster performance—ranking it among the top-grossing rom-coms—demonstrates how such decisions directly impact initial box office trajectories and long-term marketability, often prioritizing broad appeal over artistic intent.^[37]

Independent and International Productions

In independent cinema, alternate endings often serve as a tool for directors to explore thematic depth and audience interpretation without the constraints of major studio interference. A prominent example is Richard Kelly's Donnie Darko (2001), an American indie production that features distinct endings in its theatrical release and director's cut. The theatrical version concludes with greater ambiguity surrounding the protagonist's time-travel sacrifice, leaving viewers to ponder the psychological and supernatural elements, while the director's cut incorporates additional footage—adding nearly 20 minutes—to clarify the time-loop mechanics and Donnie's motivations, thus shifting the narrative toward a more explicit resolution of his fate.^[39]^[40] This variation expanded the film's cult status, allowing fans to engage with multiple layers of the story's ambiguity about destiny and mental health. International productions have long utilized structural innovations akin to alternate endings to challenge linear storytelling, most notably in Akira Kurosawa's Rashomon (1950), a Japanese film that presents the same crime through four contradictory perspectives, effectively offering multiple "endings" to the events of a rape and murder. Each account— from the bandit, wife, samurai, and a woodcutter—alters the perceived truth and moral outcome, emphasizing subjective reality over objective fact and influencing global cinema's approach to unreliable narration.^[41] This technique not only heightened the film's philosophical impact but also contributed to its breakthrough success, winning the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival and introducing Kurosawa to Western audiences.^[42] European independent films frequently adapt endings for cultural or market sensitivities, as seen in Neil Marshall's British horror The Descent (2005), where the UK release ends bleakly with the protagonist Sarah trapped and delusional after a cannibalistic ordeal, underscoring themes of isolation and survival's futility. In contrast, the U.S. version appends a hopeful coda revealing her escape, softening the despair to appeal to broader audiences.^[43] This tweak in romantic—or rather, relational—closure between survivors highlights how indie filmmakers balance artistic intent with commercial viability across borders. Such experimentation with alternate endings in independent and international works often elevates their reception at film festivals, where innovative structures foster critical discourse and awards recognition. For instance, Rashomon's multi-perspective framework was praised for its bold deconstruction of truth, aiding its festival acclaim and paving the way for similar art-house submissions at events like Cannes, where narrative ambiguity can distinguish auteur-driven entries from conventional storytelling.^[44] These variations not only enhance thematic resonance but also encourage repeated viewings, bolstering a film's longevity in arthouse circuits.

Television Examples

Single-Episode Formats

In single-episode television formats, alternate endings often arise from creative experimentation, post-production revisions, or format-specific constraints, allowing writers and directors to test tonal shifts or moral ambiguities within self-contained narratives. Anthology series exemplify this flexibility, where episodes function as standalone stories unbound by ongoing arcs, enabling multiple conclusions to explore thematic depths. Similarly, pilot episodes frequently undergo reshoots or edits to refine series tone before commitment, while holiday specials may incorporate variants for timing or audience sensitivity during broadcast. Streaming platforms have amplified this practice by releasing extras or interactive variants unavailable in traditional network airings. Anthology series like Black Mirror frequently employ alternate endings to heighten moral introspection. In the 2013 episode "White Bear," creator Charlie Brooker originally scripted a straightforward apocalypse narrative concluding with the protagonist's public crucifixion after her crimes are revealed. However, during location scouting at a former U.S. Air Force base, Brooker reconceived the twist, rewriting the script in two days to introduce the White Bear Justice Park—a facility subjecting the amnesiac Victoria Skillane to daily psychological torture for public entertainment. This change, inspired by a fence evoking containment, shifted the episode from simple retribution to a critique of voyeuristic justice and desensitization, better aligning with the series' provocative style. Brooker described the revision as a "Darwinian" evolution, noting the original ending's twist was solid but the new version more ambitiously unsettling.^[45] Pilot episodes often feature unaired or alternate versions to gauge network viability and establish tone. For Freaks and Geeks (1999), the pilot includes a director's cut on DVD extras with additional scenes compared to the broadcast version, allowing examination of early creative choices in establishing the series' tone of teen angst and humor. Such pilots highlight how alternate versions allow creators to experiment without long-term continuity risks.^[46] Holiday specials, particularly in long-running series like Doctor Who, incorporate variants for broadcast adjustments, such as runtime or tonal balance during festive slots. The 2005 Christmas special "The Christmas Invasion" featured deleted scenes on DVD releases that extend the resolution, including additional post-regeneration dialogue. Later specials, like the 2014 "Last Christmas," omitted a dream-sequence coda in final edits, with the scene available in extras. Streaming revivals often restore such variants as extras.^[47] Network television typically limits alternate endings to physical media extras due to linear broadcast demands, whereas streaming services like Netflix enable direct release of variants. In the anthology-style interactive episode Black Mirror: Bandersnatch (2018), viewers select choices leading to over a trillion possible paths and five primary endings, ranging from Stefan's execution to metafictional loops. Netflix marketed this as an experiment in viewer agency, allowing replays of alternate conclusions unavailable in traditional formats, thus expanding single-episode storytelling. This contrasts with network constraints, where similar experiments remain confined to unaired cuts.^[48]

Multi-Season Series

In multi-season television series, alternate endings often emerge through unaired script variants, production decisions influenced by creative shifts, or revivals that retcon prior conclusions to address fan dissatisfaction or narrative evolution. These approaches allow showrunners to experiment with conclusive arcs across extended narratives, balancing serialized storytelling with audience expectations. Unlike single-episode formats, which resolve within isolated stories, multi-season alternates build on cumulative character developments and plot threads, sometimes incorporating meta-elements or fan feedback to reshape finales. A seminal example is the 1988 series finale of St. Elsewhere, which concluded its six-season run with a meta-ending revealing the entire hospital drama as the imaginary world inside a snow globe held by Tommy Westphall, the autistic son of Dr. Donald Westphall.^[49] This twist, conceived by writer Tom Fontana, posited the events as a figment of Tommy's imagination, emphasizing the show's artificiality and linking it to interconnected TV universes through crossovers.^[50] During development, alternate drafts considered more dramatic closures, such as Dr. Westphall as a second gunman in a historical event or a nuclear bomb destroying the hospital, but these were discarded in favor of the snow globe for its poetic ambiguity.^[50] The unaired ideas stemmed from early fears of cancellation, with writers brainstorming since season one to ensure a cohesive wrap-up.^[50] Showrunner changes and leak prevention tactics also produced notable alternate endings, as seen in Game of Thrones season 8 (2019). To safeguard the finale against spoilers, HBO filmed approximately 15 hours of unused footage, including multiple versions of key scenes with fake deaths, plot reversals, and altered fates for major characters like Daenerys Targaryen and Jon Snow.^[51] Leaked scripts from 2017 and 2019 further revealed variants that diverged from the aired conclusion, such as different assassinations—e.g., Arya Stark killing Cersei Lannister instead of the rubble collapse—and shifts in character survivals, like Sansa Stark's potential death by Nymeria or Qyburn.^[52] These alternates, designed to mislead pirates, highlighted the production's emphasis on narrative flexibility amid creative transitions following George R.R. Martin's source material divergence.^[53] Revival series like Arrested Development (seasons 4 and 5, 2013–2019) incorporated structural innovations resembling branching possibilities, particularly through non-linear storytelling and remix formats. Season 4's initial release featured 15 interconnected episodes with overlapping timelines, allowing viewers to piece together the Bluth family's arcs in varied orders for different emphases on character motivations.^[54] A 2018 remix, Fateful Consequences, recut the season into 22 linear episodes, altering narrative flow and resolutions—such as recontextualizing Lucille Bluth's schemes—to create alternate interpretive paths without fully interactive choices.^[54] This approach extended into season 5's serialized plots, where multiple endings for subplots (e.g., varying outcomes for Buster's legal troubles) emerged from the show's callback-heavy style, fostering fan-driven reconstructions.^[55] Fan-influenced adjustments are exemplified by the 2018 revival of Roseanne (season 10), which directly reconsidered the original 1997 finale's controversial elements, including Dan Conner's death from a heart attack, revealed as Roseanne's fictional writing to cope with real-life loss.^[56] Widespread fan backlash against the finale's dream-like retcon—petitions and discussions highlighted its dissatisfaction with killing off John Goodman's character—prompted ABC to resurrect Dan in the revival, framing the prior ending as an in-universe story draft.^[57] This adjustment not only honored audience loyalty but also addressed serialized continuity, transforming the multi-season narrative into a meta-commentary on grief and creativity.^[56]

Examples in Interactive and Other Media

Video Games

In video games, alternate endings often emerge from branching narratives where player decisions shape the story's conclusion, creating personalized outcomes that enhance replayability and emotional investment. This interactivity distinguishes games from linear media, allowing players to influence character fates, alliances, and world states in real-time. A seminal example is Telltale Games' The Walking Dead (2012), where choices throughout the episodic adventure determine survivor outcomes, such as whether key characters like Kenny or Jane live or die, leading to varied epilogues that reflect the player's moral alignments without altering the core plot's linearity.^[58] Another prominent case is BioWare's Mass Effect 3 (2012), the finale of a trilogy renowned for its choice-driven universe, where endings diverge based on accumulated "war assets"—a metric derived from prior decisions across games, alliances forged, and resources gathered. These assets influence the three primary conclusions (Destroy, Control, or Synthesis), affecting the galaxy's post-war fate, Shepard's survival, and the Reapers' role, though initial ambiguity sparked significant fan backlash for perceived narrative disconnects. In response, BioWare released the free Extended Cut DLC in June 2012, expanding epilogues with clearer explanations, additional scenes, and a fourth "Refusal" ending to address criticisms and provide more closure tied to player history.^[59]^[60] Achievement systems further incentivize exploration of alternate conclusions, rewarding players for uncovering diverse paths through replays or selective chapter reloading. In Quantic Dream's Detroit: Become Human (2018), over 40 unique endings arise from interconnected choices across three protagonists' stories, with outcomes like android revolution success or failure hinging on public opinion, relationships, and quick-time events; achievements such as "Survivors" (all main characters live) or "I'll Be Back" (Connor dies and revives multiple times) encourage multiple playthroughs to achieve "perfect" or rare variants, turning narrative experimentation into a core mechanic.^[61]^[62] Advancements in virtual reality (VR) technology since 2015 have amplified this evolution, enabling more immersive alternate ending variations through embodied decision-making in 360-degree environments. Titles like ALTDEUS: Beyond Chronos (2020), a mecha action-adventure, feature one of VR's most expansive branching narratives, with 15-20 hours of gameplay yielding multiple endings based on combat choices and dialogue that alter alliances against alien threats, fostering deeper player agency in a fully realized sci-fi world. Similarly, puzzle games such as Please, Don't Touch Anything 3D (VR edition, 2018) offer around 30 distinct endings from experimental interactions with a mysterious console, while Quantum Void (2025) provides suspenseful metroidvania-style exploration with variable conclusions tied to anomaly encounters, highlighting VR's capacity for tactile, consequence-driven storytelling.^[63]^[64]^[65]^[66]

Music and Comics

In music, alternate endings often manifest in concept albums and their live or reissued variants, where creators intentionally vary conclusions to enhance thematic cycles or adapt to performance contexts. Pink Floyd's 1979 album The Wall, a rock opera exploring isolation and breakdown, exemplifies this through its finale track "Outside the Wall." The studio recording ends quietly with a clarinet and children's choir, cyclically echoing the opening line "Isn't this where... we came in?" to imply an endless loop of emotional barriers, as described by Roger Waters in a 1982 interview.^[67] In contrast, live performances during the 1980-1981 tour extended the song to over four minutes, featuring an acoustic ensemble—Waters on clarinet, David Gilmour on mandolin—performed after the symbolic wall's demolition, providing a more redemptive, communal resolution amid the audience.^[68] The 1982 film adaptation further alters it with orchestral swells from the National Philharmonic and a male choir, incorporating a snippet of "It's Never Too Late" for a bittersweet orchestral close, diverging from the album's intimacy to suit visual storytelling.^[68] Official reissues of albums frequently introduce alternate endings via bonus tracks or remixed finales, extending or recontextualizing narratives while respecting the original vision. For instance, deluxe editions of Fleetwood Mac's 1977 album Rumours include alternate mixes and outtakes that reshape the closing track "Gold Dust Woman," adding layers of vocal harmonies and instrumentation to emphasize themes of introspection and recovery, as curated in the 2013 expanded release.^[69] These official variants, distinct from unauthorized bootlegs, prioritize artistic intent in remix culture, allowing reinterpretations that deepen conceptual arcs without fan-driven alterations. In comics, alternate endings appear in serialized works where format shifts or sequels modify conclusions, affecting character arcs and thematic closure. Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons' Watchmen (1986-1987), originally a 12-issue DC Comics series, saw its ending refined in the collected graphic novel edition through minor textual clarifications and artwork adjustments for narrative flow, such as tightening the final panels' dialogue to heighten the irony of Ozymandias' plan's fallout.^[70] This version's conclusion—revealing a psychic squid attack as a fabricated apocalypse—establishes a fragile peace, but Moore later expressed dismay at DC's 2017-2019 sequel Doomsday Clock by Geoff Johns and Gary Frank, which integrates Watchmen's characters into the broader DC Universe, retroactively undermining the original's isolated finality by having Doctor Manhattan alter timelines and resurrect elements like Rorschach's journal.^[71] Moore criticized these changes as violating his intent for a self-contained story, arguing they commodify the ending's ambiguity for franchise expansion.^[72] Sequential art like manga often diverges in endings across adaptations, prioritizing character resolutions over unified plots. Yoshiyuki Sadamoto's Neon Genesis Evangelion manga (1994-2013) concludes more optimistically than the 1995 anime series and its 1997 film The End of Evangelion, where Instrumentality—a mass psychological merger—leaves protagonists in existential despair. In the manga, Shinji Ikari rejects total Instrumentality earlier, using an A.T. Field to escape and reunite with Asuka Langley Soryu, who survives her anime dismemberment; their mutual acceptance on a beach symbolizes tentative healing, contrasting the film's ambiguous strangling scene.^[73] Gendo Ikari, Shinji's father, aids the resolution by deploying his own A.T. Field to protect Shinji, fostering redemption absent in the anime's antagonistic portrayal.^[73] Rei Ayanami achieves greater agency, choosing self-sacrifice to restore humanity individually rather than en masse, providing closure to her cloned identity crisis that the anime leaves fragmented.^[74] These divergences emphasize interpersonal growth, offering readers a hopeful reinterpretation of the series' trauma themes.^[75]

References

[1]
What is an Alternate Ending — Types & Examples Explained
Jan 22, 2020 · An alternate ending is a variant conclusion to the storyline of a film, divergent from what was initially presented or planned.
[2]
(PDF) Ending Twice Over (Or More): Alternate Endings in Narrative
Whereas a basic definition of the alternate endings phenomenon, as offered ... film Blade Runner and its alternate endings. This film has quite an ...
[3]
Filmmaking Glossary: The Language and Terms of Film and Television
Alternate Ending: An ending of a story that was considered, or even written or produced, but ultimately discarded in favour of another resolution. Ambiance ...
[4]
A Glossary of Film | Octane Seating
Jan 20, 2022 · Alternate Ending. This refers to shooting or re-shooting a film's ending for its theatrical release, for any number of reasons, be it test ...Missing: literature | Show results with:literature
[5]
https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-french-lieutenants-woman-1981
[6]
'Fight Club' has a new ending in China. And this time, the authorities ...
and this time, the authorities win.
[7]
Multiple Endings - (Intro to Creative Writing) - Fiveable
Multiple endings refer to a narrative technique where a story concludes in various ways based on the choices made by characters or the direction of the plot.
[8]
[PDF] how choice influences replay value of narrative-driven video games
The most common type of replay value is branching stories with multiple endings. This encourages the player to replay a game numerous times to achieve all.<|control11|><|separator|>
[9]
Alternative Endings Benefit Directors, Studios : NPR
Aug 21, 2006 · Hollywood is looking for new ways to get you to buy more DVDs. One proven incentive is offering bonus features like deleted scenes, director's ...
[10]
DVD; Selling the Alternate (but Not Too Alternate) Ending - The New ...
Dec 15, 2002 · Digital alternate endings have appealed particularly to film buffs who want to learn more about moviemaking. ''It's interesting to see the ...Missing: benefits | Show results with:benefits
[11]
[PDF] Finglass, PJ (2020). The textual transmission of Euripides' dramas.
then, saw reperformances of a play by Euripides; variation among the tragedians, even among the three 'old masters', does not seem to have been a priority ...
[12]
Fragments or Groups of Tales | Harvard's Geoffrey Chaucer Website
Chaucer left The Canterbury Tales incomplete and without final revision. The work survives in ten fragments, labeled with Roman numerals in this edition.
[13]
Discovering Dickens - A Community Reading Project
A Note on the Ending of Great Expectations: There is, famously, more than one ending to Great Expectations. Dickens, on the advice of a friend -- the novelist ...
[14]
Wilkie Collins - The Woman in White. Serialized in All the Year ...
Serialized in All the Year Round, Edited by Charles Dickens. (1859-60) ... Here is the cover and spine of UVIC's Special Collections copy of Volume II of the ...Missing: endings | Show results with:endings
[15]
Yuri Tsivian: Beyond Comparing: The Internal Dynamics of Intolerance
The idea of using multiple narratives to bring home a moral they have in common is not new in literature or film; what was new and unusual about Intolerance was ...
[16]
https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft4779n9q5&chunk.id=d0e1758&doc.view=print
[17]
The iconic Hollywood films transformed by test audiences - BBC
Jan 25, 2022 · Many classic movies could have been so different, had they not been screened to select members of the public first.
[18]
32 Movie Endings That Were Changed by Test Screenings
Jul 8, 2019 · We've collected 32 examples here, ranging from the infamous to the less discussed, and even one very recent film.
[19]
The 10 Best, Most Shocking, WTF Twilight Zone Twist Endings - SYFY
Jul 4, 2024 · Before another marathon begins, we submit to you our ranking of The Twilight Zone's most memorable and shocking endings.
[20]
The Twilight Zone Turns 60 | American Scientist
Oct 3, 2019 · The strange mix of horror, science-fiction, drama, and comedy exposed the hidden aspects of human nature, then and now.
[21]
Behind The Third Man
### Summary of Alternate Versions of *The Third Man* (1949)
[22]
The History of Film Timeline — All Eras of Film History Explained
Jan 1, 2023 · We're going to explore the history of film by looking at the major movements that have defined cinema worldwide.Missing: endings enablers<|control11|><|separator|>
[23]
How 'First Impressions' became 'Pride and Prejudice'...
Since drafting First Impressions, another novel with that name had appeared, by Margaret Holford, published in 1801. Jane's new title, Pride and Prejudice, was ...
[24]
Works - Tales - The Fall of the House of Usher (Text-02b)
Dec 30, 2021 · Text: Edgar Allan Poe, “The Fall of the House of Usher” (Text-02b) ... Neither of the variants indicated actually appear in the Burton's text.<|control11|><|separator|>
[25]
How 'Les Misérables' Was the Biggest Deal in Book History
Mar 23, 2017 · In 1861, Victor Hugo signed with an upstart Belgian house in a record-shattering deal—widely regarded as the publishing coup of all time.
[26]
Pride and Prejudice: Jane Austen's "Patrician Hero" - jstor
At any rate, Pride and Prejudice is something more than a much-improved imitation of the novels Jane Austen knew. It is a work in which she tumbles an ...
[27]
The Fall of the House of Usher - Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore
Jun 4, 2025 · “The Fall of the House of Usher” is probably the most popular of Poe's earlier tales of wonder. Woodberrry says it is unsurpassed for “unity of design” and ...
[28]
BOOKS OF THE TIMES - The New York Times
Nov 9, 1983 · Calvino invents, but he does not persevere. His most popular book in America, ''If on a winter's night a traveler,'' consists of 10 beginnings ...
[29]
[PDF] Italo Calvino's If on a Winter's Night a Traveler: a Conscious Textual ...
Italo Calvino's If on a Winter's Night a Traveler is a conscious textual play with various techniques such as authorial interruption, reader's participation, ...
[30]
The Enduring Allure of Choose Your Own Adventure Books
Sep 12, 2022 · A big black dot signifies an ending. Arrows show choices circling back. Asterisks indicate positive endings. In a 1984 pamphlet titled “How to ...
[31]
Choose Your Own Adventure Books and the Ascent of Free Choice ...
Feb 12, 2020 · This article examines the historical forces behind the meteoric rise of interactive “Choose Your Own Adventure” (CYOA) children's books in the 1980s.Introduction · A Brief History Of ``free... · The Choice Architects
[32]
Spectral Worlding in David Mitchell's Ghostwritten and Cloud Atlas
Oct 1, 2018 · Cloud Atlas accomplishes its embedding largely through form with its six nested narratives. Each story in the novel's first half abruptly ...
[33]
DIGITAL TRANSCENDENTALISM IN DAVID MITCHELL'S CLOUD ...
Near the end of “The First Luisa Rey Mystery,” one of six largely separate stories that make up David Mitchell's 2004 novel Cloud Atlas, an anti- nuclear ...
[34]
Hamlet rewritten as choose-your-own-adventure game book
Nov 27, 2012 · His version of Hamlet will be called To Be Or Not To Be, and will be an illustrated, chooseable-path adventure story. Readers will be able to ...
[35]
Is interactive fiction the future of books? | Games - The Guardian
Sep 22, 2010 · Global design agency IDEO thinks merging the digital novel with playful interactions might lead to a new era of writing...Missing: trends endings
[36]
The Multiple Endings Of Blade Runner Explained - SlashFilm
Oct 15, 2021 · While very similar to the "Director's Cut," Ridley Scott's "Blade Runner: The Final Cut" is the definitive version. Supervised entirely by Scott ...
[37]
I Am Legend's Alternate Ending Explained: What Happens & Why It ...
Oct 5, 2024 · The moral weight of Neville's relentless experiments to find a cure for the virus is the focal point of the I Am Legend alternate ending.Missing: CGI resolution<|separator|>
[38]
The True Story of Pretty Woman’s Original Dark Ending
### Summary of Pretty Woman’s Original Ending and Changes
[39]
50 Great Movies That Bombed at the Box Office - IndieWire
Jul 19, 2023 · Six months after the historical epic's initial release, Scott released his director's cut ... Blade Runner 2049” bombed at the U.S. box office.
[40]
Donnie Darko Director's Cut Explained - SlashFilm
Jun 4, 2023 · "The Director's Cut" contains almost 20 minutes of additional footage not found in the first theatrical cut of "Donnie Darko," including new and ...
[41]
The Donnie Darko Director's Cut: Biggest Changes, Explained - SYFY
Dec 4, 2023 · In all, the director's cut adds 20 minutes of additional material to the original film's 113-minute runtime, including less story-altering ...
[42]
What is The Rashomon Effect in Film? Definition & Examples ...
Sep 11, 2022 · Movies with multiple perspectives were unorthodox. However, Kurosawa's use of unreliable narrators in Rashomon did not tell the audience how ...Missing: alternate | Show results with:alternate
[43]
Film Analysis: Rashomon (1950) by Akira Kurosawa
Feb 22, 2024 · As the multiple narrations contradict each other, all of the individuals become untrustworthy, even the one who is already dead, and the ...
[44]
10 Movies With Alternate Endings in Different Countries - Collider
Dec 27, 2023 · 10 'Black Mirror: Bandersnatch' (2018) · 9 'Unfriended: Dark Web' (2018) · 8 '1408' (2007) · 7 'The Descent' (2005) · 6 '28 Days Later' (2002) · 5 ' ...
[45]
Rashomon: Akira Kurosawa's truly daring film is still electrifying
Aug 15, 2023 · Famously telling four contradictory accounts of the same event – a samurai is dead – Kurosawa's unsettling movie influenced countless productions that came ...
[46]
'Black Mirror' Creator Charlie Brooker on 'White Bear' Episode Twist
Oct 19, 2016 · Regarded as one of the most shocking "Black Mirror" twists, Charlie Brooker says the "White Bear" reveal wasn't originally in the script.
[47]
Freaks And Geeks: The Complete Series - DVD Talk
Mar 24, 2016 · The cold open of the pilot episode of Freaks and Geeks is the perfect introduction to the series. As the camera closes in on a high-school ...
[48]
Last Christmas deleted scene - Blogtor Who
Dec 26, 2014 · The latest edition of Doctor Who Extra (watch HERE) included a scene from Last Christmas which was not included in the final version ...
[49]
Netflix to experiment with interactive TV, letting viewers choose an ...
Dec 28, 2018 · Viewers can replay the show and make different decisions to see the other possible endings, in a structure that echoes the “Choose Your Own ...
[50]
The St. Elsewhere Finale at 30 - Vulture
May 25, 2018 · Matt Zoller Seitz breaks down the famous slow globe finale of St. Elsewhere, which he sees as a meta-commentary on the universe of TV ...
[51]
Tom Fontana and the “St. Elsewhere” Snow Globe Series Finale
May 17, 2018 · The ending, positing that the entire six-season run of the series was a figment of the imagination of an autistic boy named Tommy Westphall, was ...
[52]
Game Of Thrones Filmed 15 Hours Of Unused Season 8 Alternate ...
They filmed multiple versions of key scenes, including fake deaths, plot reversals, and even alternate character fates, all to throw off the spoiler-hungry ...
[53]
'Game of Thrones' Leaks Divided Over Spoilers and Deaths, Multiple ...
May 19, 2019 · "Game of Thrones" leakers see multiple possible endings for Episode 6, including different character deaths.<|control11|><|separator|>
[54]
Game of Thrones Filmed An Alternate Ending for Season 8 - ELLE
Nov 21, 2019 · After eight seasons and many, many bloodbaths, Bran was named the King of Westeros, Jon Snow (Kit Harrington) killed his lover/aunt Daenerys ...
[55]
Arrested Development's Season 4 remix is a failed experiment.
May 14, 2018 · Last weekend Netflix dropped the Arrested Development Season 4 remix, Fateful Consequences. Hurwitz recut the original 15-episode season into 22 shorter linear ...
[56]
Arrested Development's Ending Will Make You Rethink This Show's ...
Mar 18, 2019 · Arrested Development would end this way: not with a bang, but a shockingly dark yet insightful whisper, one that illuminates what the series was all along.
[57]
https://www.eonline.com/news/923383/how-roseanne-undid-the-original-series-finale-and-brought-dan-conner-back-to-life
[58]
How Roseanne Undid the Series Finale and Resurrected Dan
Mar 27, 2018 · ABC's revival of the beloved sitcom had to do some heavy lifting in its first episode to erase its much-maligned original ending.Missing: petitions | Show results with:petitions
[59]
A gun to his head: the different endings of Telltale's Walking Dead ...
Jan 7, 2018 · Does Clementine end Lee's life, granting her caretaker a few final moments of dignity and, in turn, stopping herself from becoming zombie chow?
[60]
Extended Cut Endings - Mass Effect 3 Guide - IGN
Jul 1, 2012 · The extended cut endings include "Destruction", "Control", "Synthesis", and a new "Refusal" option, which can be achieved by confronting the ...
[61]
Mass Effect 3: All Possible Endings (& Which You Should Choose)
Sep 7, 2024 · There are five possible endings to Mass Effect 3. If Shepard amassed enough Military Strength, they can choose the fate of the entire ...<|separator|>
[62]
Endings Explained - Detroit: Become Human Guide - IGN
May 25, 2018 · This page will discuss the most positive outcome, or the Good Ending, the Bad Ending, with the most negative moments, and all the possible fates of Markus, ...
[63]
Detroit: Become Human - How Many Endings Are There in Total?
Jun 30, 2019 · Detroit: Become Human has more endings than previous Quantic Dream games. There are a staggering number of permutations to the way this story can conclude.
[64]
ALTDEUS: Beyond Chronos on Steam
Rating 4.5 (369) Your choices and actions branch the story leading to multiple-endings. Features: Mecha Battle Section: Your actions in this section lead to different stories.
[65]
https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=1397785437
[66]
Please Don't Touch Anything 3D - All 30 Endings and Achievements
May 30, 2018 · 1 - Peace Ending + Egrophobia Achievement. Simply just sit and do nothing for one minute. · 2 - Shutdown Ending + Disobedience Achievement · 3 - ...
[67]
https://kdarchive.wordpress.com/2013/02/18/a-roger-waters-interview-september-22-1982/
[68]
https://thewallcomplete.com/2016/05/31/02-13-outside-the-wall/
[69]
Outside The Wall and Other Alternate Endings of The Wall
May 31, 2016 · “Outside The Wall” only appears at the end of the film. The Pink Floyd live shows opened with an audio collage where Vera Lynn's “We'll Meet ...Missing: finale | Show results with:finale
[70]
What deluxe album reissue has the best bonus content? - Quora
Jun 10, 2020 · Fleetwood Mac - Rumours & Tusk. The deluxe versions of both have bonus discs with demos, alternate versions & remixes that illustrate how both ...
[71]
https://www.comicbookherald.com/who-watched-the-watchmen-what-doomsday-clock-gets-wrong/
[72]
What Everyone Misses About the Ending of “Watchmen” - DC Comics
Dec 10, 2024 · Don't get me wrong, the dialogue is almost verbatim from Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons' graphic novel, and there aren't any new scenes. However, ...
[73]
Who Watched the Watchmen? What Doomsday Clock Gets Wrong
Oct 6, 2022 · The obvious note would be that the Johns/Frank work fails to understand the original comic by moving back to the ground in the final panel. This ...
[74]
How angry is Alan Moore with DC Comics concerning the most ...
Feb 27, 2018 · Mostly, he's angry that the deal he had with DC over Watchmen, namely that ownership of the characters he created would revert to him once the ...
[75]
Neon Genesis Evangelion: 10 Differences Between The Anime ...
Oct 15, 2020 · For example, Asuka doesn't die in the manga like she does in the comic. Also, Gendo Ikari, Shinji's father, rescues Shinji using an A-T Field ...
[76]
https://edition.derbytelegraph.co.uk/news/evangelion-manga-vs-anime-plot
[77]
Opinions about the manga and the originals? - EvaGeeks.org Forum
Jan 23, 2025 · The manga, on the other hand, tries to give more closure and a bit more comfort—especially with the characters' developments, and yeah, while ...