Art Howe
Arthur Henry Howe, known as Art Howe (born December 15, 1946), is an American former professional baseball infielder and manager who spent twelve seasons as a versatile utility player in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1974 to 1985, primarily with the Houston Astros, and later managed three MLB teams over fourteen seasons, compiling a career record of 1,129 wins and 1,137 losses.[1][2] Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and a graduate of the University of Wyoming, Howe debuted with the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1974 before becoming a key contributor for the Astros, where he played seven seasons and earned recognition for his defensive flexibility across second base, third base, and first base.[3][4] During his playing career, Howe appeared in 891 games, batting .260 with 682 hits, 43 home runs, and 293 runs batted in, highlighted by a career-best .296 average in 1981 and a memorable two-run homer in the 1980 National League West tiebreaker game that helped the Astros advance to the playoffs for the first time in franchise history.[1][5] After retiring as a player following stints with the St. Louis Cardinals in 1983–1985, Howe transitioned to coaching and managing, beginning with the Astros in 1989.[6] His managerial tenure with Houston lasted until 1993, yielding a 392–418 record, before he took over the Oakland Athletics in 1996.[7] Howe's most notable managerial success came with the Athletics, where he led the team to a 600–533 mark over seven seasons, including three consecutive American League West division titles from 2000 to 2002 and a franchise-record 20-game winning streak in 2002 that propelled Oakland to the playoffs amid the "Moneyball" era of analytics-driven roster building.[8][9] He concluded his MLB managing career with the New York Mets from 2003 to 2004, posting a 137–186 record, after which he worked as a scout and coach in various organizations.[7] Howe's legacy also extends to popular culture, as he was portrayed by actor Philip Seymour Hoffman in the 2011 film Moneyball, which depicted his time managing the A's.[10]Early life and amateur career
Childhood and education
Arthur Henry Howe Jr. was born on December 15, 1946, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Arthur Henry Howe Sr., a truck driver, and his homemaker wife.[11] The couple raised six children in a modest working-class home with only one bathroom in the Pittsburgh area.[11] Howe's grandfather worked as a typesetter for the Pittsburgh Press, reflecting the family's blue-collar roots.[11] Growing up in Pittsburgh, Howe developed a strong passion for baseball early in life, becoming a devoted fan of the local Pittsburgh Pirates.[12] He would often stand in front of the television, mimicking the players during games as if he were on the field himself.[12] This enthusiasm for the sport took root amid the city's industrial backdrop and community sandlots, where local youth commonly played pickup games. Howe attended Shaler Area High School in the Pittsburgh suburbs, becoming the first in his family to graduate from high school in 1965.[11][1] His early athletic pursuits centered on football, which earned him a scholarship to the University of Wyoming after graduation. At the University of Wyoming, Howe initially focused on football but also explored baseball, ultimately earning a Bachelor of Science in business administration in 1969.[13][14] This educational foundation provided stability as he transitioned toward a professional path in baseball.College baseball and drafting
Howe enrolled at the University of Wyoming in 1965 on a football scholarship, where he initially played quarterback before a back injury ended his gridiron career and prompted a full-time switch to baseball.[12] As a third baseman for the Wyoming Cowboys under head coach Bud Daniel, Howe demonstrated strong defensive skills at the hot corner during his four seasons with the program.[13][15] He appeared in 109 games overall, earning first-team all-conference honors in 1969 for his slick fielding and consistent play.[13] Despite his college success, Howe went undrafted in the MLB Draft following his graduation in 1969. Born and raised in Pittsburgh, he leveraged his hometown ties by attending an open tryout camp hosted by the Pittsburgh Pirates in the summer of 1970—the only such camp remaining among MLB teams at the time—standing out amid mostly teenage prospects despite being 23 years old.[16][17] Impressed by his performance, the Pirates signed him as an amateur free agent the following spring on June 1, 1971, assigning him to their Class A affiliate in Salem, Oregon, where he began his professional career on a modest minor-league salary without a reported signing bonus.[18][19]Professional playing career
Minor league progression
Art Howe signed with the Pittsburgh Pirates as a non-drafted free agent in June 1971 at age 24, following his college career at the University of Wyoming.[20] He began his professional career that summer in the Appalachian League with the Class A Salem Pirates (also known as the Rebels), where he hit .348 with 79 RBIs in 114 games, showcasing strong contact skills as a third baseman.[21][22] In 1972, Howe advanced to Double-A with the Charleston Charlies in the Eastern League, playing 109 games and posting a .271 batting average with solid defense at third base.[23][22] The following year, 1973, he reached Triple-A with the Charlies, now in the International League, where he appeared in 119 games, batting .228 while demonstrating power potential with 8 home runs and 20 doubles in 119 games.[24][25][22] These performances highlighted his versatility across the infield, including shifts to second base, and contributed to an overall minor league batting average of .304 over his four seasons in the Pirates' system.[22] After brief major league stints with Pittsburgh in 1974 and 1975, Howe was traded to the Houston Astros on January 6, 1976, for second baseman Tommy Helms and cash.[20] He spent the early part of the 1976 season at Triple-A with the Astros' Memphis Blues in the International League, hitting 12 home runs in 74 games before joining the major league roster later that year.[26][27][22] Throughout his minor league tenure, Howe increasingly played first base to accommodate his growing power profile.[22] To further develop his skills and gain managerial experience, Howe participated in winter leagues in Puerto Rico, playing for four seasons and managing for four more, which helped prepare him for future coaching roles.[28]Major League Baseball tenure
Art Howe made his Major League Baseball debut on July 10, 1974, with the Pittsburgh Pirates, entering as a pinch hitter against the Atlanta Braves and recording a single in his only at-bat.[1] Over the next two seasons with the Pirates, he appeared in 92 games primarily as a utility infielder at third base and second base, batting .195 with 2 home runs and 15 RBI in 220 at-bats.[1] His early MLB role drew on the positional versatility he developed in the minors, allowing him to fill multiple infield spots as needed.[6] Howe joined the Houston Astros in 1976 via a trade and spent the next seven seasons with the team, establishing himself as a reliable infielder who transitioned increasingly to first base amid recurring injuries, including a fractured jaw suffered on May 7, 1980. During this period, he played in 706 games, batting .268 with 39 home runs and 266 RBI, showcasing steady contact hitting and on-base skills in the pitcher-friendly Astrodome.[1] His standout performance came in the strike-shortened 1981 season, when he batted .296 with 107 hits, 3 home runs, and 36 RBI in 103 games, highlighted by a 23-game hitting streak from May 1 to May 25 that set a franchise record at the time.[29] In 1980, despite missing time due to the jaw injury, he contributed .283 with 10 home runs and 46 RBI in 110 games, helping the Astros reach the postseason.[30] After sitting out the 1983 season due to injuries, Howe signed with the St. Louis Cardinals as a veteran utility player and pinch hitter.[31] In 1984, he appeared in 89 games, batting .216 with 2 home runs and 12 RBI in 139 at-bats, mostly off the bench.[1] His career concluded in 1985 at age 38, limited to 4 games with the Cardinals where he went hitless in 3 at-bats before being released in late April.[1] Over 11 MLB seasons, Howe played in 891 games, compiling a .260 batting average, 43 home runs, and 293 RBI, retiring as a respected journeyman infielder known for his adaptability and consistency.[3]Coaching and managerial career
Early coaching with Texas Rangers
Following his retirement as a player after the 1984 season, Art Howe was hired as the hitting coach for the Texas Rangers in 1985.[12] Howe served in that role through the 1988 season, initially under manager Doug Rader before the latter's dismissal in May 1985, after which Bobby Valentine took over and retained Howe on the staff.[12][32] During Howe's tenure, the Rangers' offense showed mixed results, as the team's batting average was .261 in 1985 and .255 in 1988.[33][34] This progress reflected Howe's emphasis on situational hitting and power development, contributing to the growth of young players like outfielder Ruben Sierra, who posted a .263 average with 30 home runs in 1987.[35]Managerial tenure with Houston Astros
Art Howe was hired as manager of the Houston Astros on November 6, 1988, succeeding Hal Lanier following the team's 80-82 finish in 1988.[36] His prior experience as a player with the Astros from 1976 to 1982 helped foster strong relationships with players during his tenure.[6] Howe's five seasons as Astros manager spanned 1989 to 1993, during which the team compiled a 392-418 record for a .484 winning percentage.[37] The 1989 season marked a solid debut with an 86-76 finish and third place in the NL West, but the team regressed to 75-87 in 1990 and a last-place 65-97 mark in 1991 amid a youth movement.[37] By 1992 and 1993, Houston rebounded to 81-81 and 85-77 records, respectively, ending third in the division both years but failing to reach the playoffs.[37] A key aspect of Howe's tenure was his role in developing young talent into core contributors. He oversaw the transition of catcher Craig Biggio to second base in 1992, extending the future Hall of Famer's career and helping solidify the infield. Similarly, third baseman Ken Caminiti emerged as a regular starter under Howe starting in 1989, earning three All-Star selections during the decade and becoming a defensive standout.[38] Howe was fired on October 5, 1993, shortly after the season ended, as new owner Drayton McLane sought a more aggressive approach to push the team toward contention.[39] His laid-back, introspective management style drew criticism for being too conservative, particularly in player motivation and strategic decisions, which some felt hindered the team's potential despite the rebuild progress.[40]Managerial tenure with Oakland Athletics
Art Howe was hired as manager of the Oakland Athletics on November 16, 1995, succeeding Tony La Russa, who had departed for the St. Louis Cardinals after leading the team to a World Series appearance in 1990. His appointment came after serving as a bench coach for the Colorado Rockies in 1995, bringing prior managerial experience from the Houston Astros.[6] During his tenure from 1996 to 2002, Howe compiled a record of 600 wins and 533 losses, achieving a .530 winning percentage over seven seasons.[37] The Athletics under Howe secured three American League West division titles in 2000, 2002, and a wild card berth in 2001, resulting in three consecutive playoff appearances from 2000 to 2002.[41][42][43] Howe's strategies emphasized on-base percentage (OBP) and strong defensive play, aligning with the analytical approach pioneered by general manager Billy Beane starting in 1997; this "Moneyball" philosophy prioritized undervalued players who excelled in getting on base and fielding. Key contributors included first baseman Jason Giambi, who won the AL MVP Award in 2000, shortstop Miguel Tejada, the 2002 AL MVP, and pitcher Barry Zito, the 2002 AL Cy Young Award winner. A highlight of Howe's Oakland era was the Athletics' 20-game winning streak from August 13 to September 4, 2002, the longest in major league history since the 1935 Chicago Cubs and a key factor in clinching the AL West despite a low payroll.[9] The team advanced to the AL Division Series each of those three years but was eliminated without reaching the AL Championship Series, losing to the New York Yankees in 2000 and 2001, and to the Minnesota Twins in 2002. Tensions arose between Howe and Beane over roster decisions and authority, as Beane sought greater control in player acquisitions and lineup choices. Howe departed the Athletics on October 28, 2002, after being released from the final year of his contract amid disputes over a long-term extension, allowing him to accept a four-year offer from the New York Mets. His Oakland tenure built on his earlier divisional success with the Astros, establishing him as a steady hand in leading low-budget teams to contention.[6]Managerial tenure with New York Mets
Art Howe was hired by the New York Mets on October 28, 2002, to serve as their manager on a four-year contract worth approximately $9.4 million, succeeding Bobby Valentine who had been dismissed after the 2002 season.[44] The Mets sought Howe's steady leadership, drawing from his successful tenure with the Oakland Athletics where he guided low-budget teams to three playoff appearances from 2000 to 2002.[6] However, his time in New York proved challenging from the outset, marked by underperformance relative to the team's high expectations and substantial investments. During the 2003 season, Howe's first with the Mets, the team posted a 66-95 record, finishing fifth in the National League East, 34.5 games behind the Atlanta Braves.[45] This marked a significant decline, as the Mets fell 15 games below .500 despite boasting the second-highest payroll in Major League Baseball at $116.3 million.[46] Key issues plagued the campaign, including a midseason collapse after a promising start and persistent injuries to star players such as catcher Mike Piazza, who missed significant time due to a severe right groin strain in May and knee inflammation earlier in the year.[47] Fan and media criticism intensified, with Howe's calm demeanor often portrayed as ill-suited to the high-pressure New York environment, leading to widespread frustration over the team's inability to contend.[48] The 2004 season brought little improvement, as the Mets struggled to a 71-91 finish, again placing fourth in the division.[37] Injuries continued to hamper the roster, with Piazza dealing with a strained elbow that forced him into unconventional positional shifts like first base, while prospects Jose Reyes and Kazuo Matsui also spent time on the disabled list.[49] By late August, with the team at 53-74, rumors of Howe's impending dismissal leaked to the media, amplifying the scrutiny.[50] On September 16, 2004, the Mets officially fired Howe but permitted him to manage the final 15 games of the season as a courtesy.[51] Howe's overall Mets record of 137-186 (.424 winning percentage) stands as the lowest for any full two-season span in franchise history, underscoring a perceived mismatch between his style and the team's dynamics.[37] The tenure's failures, amid high payroll and talent, contributed to organizational upheaval and directly led to the hiring of Willie Randolph as manager for 2005.[52]Post-managerial scouting and advisory roles
Following his dismissal from the New York Mets at the end of the 2004 season, Howe spent 2005 and 2006 out of organized baseball before returning in a coaching capacity. In October 2006, he was briefly hired as third base coach by the Philadelphia Phillies but left shortly after to join the Texas Rangers as bench coach under first-year manager Ron Washington from 2007 to 2008. In this capacity, he contributed to the team's strategic preparation and in-game decisions during a period when the Rangers posted a 75-87 record in 2007 and 79-83 in 2008, finishing fourth and second in the AL West, respectively, and narrowly missing the playoffs in 2008.[53][54] His contract was not renewed after the 2008 season amid the team's organizational changes.[55] After concluding his formal coaching duties in 2008, Howe entered a period of semi-retirement from daily baseball operations, spanning roughly 2009 to 2018, during which he pursued personal interests and maintained occasional ties to the sport through broadcasting. He provided color commentary and analysis for Houston Astros games, leveraging his extensive experience as a player and manager with the organization. For instance, in 2016, Howe participated in MLB Network's "Chatting Cage" series as an Astros broadcaster, engaging fans with insights on gameplay and team dynamics.[56] Throughout this hiatus, Howe occasionally reflected on his career in interviews, offering advisory perspectives on baseball strategy. In a September 2016 MLB.com feature, he discussed his seven postseason appearances—three as a player with the Astros, one as a coach, and three as a manager—emphasizing the intensity and unpredictability of playoff baseball. "I never fulfilled that dream [of winning a World Series], but I was in the postseason seven different times," Howe noted, highlighting lessons from those experiences that informed his views on player development and team management.[57] Howe's later involvement extended to informal advisory contributions via media and alumni events, where his Mets managerial background provided context for discussions on roster construction and leadership, though he held no official scouting or front-office positions after 2008.[58] In May 2020, Howe was hospitalized with COVID-19 but recovered after intensive care.[59] He effectively retired from active baseball roles around 2019, focusing on philanthropy and occasional appearances.Managerial record
Regular season statistics
Art Howe's regular season managerial record consists of 1,129 wins, 1,137 losses, and a .498 winning percentage across 2,266 games managed from 1989 to 2004.[37] Howe managed the Houston Astros for five seasons (1989–1993), posting a 392–418 record with a .484 winning percentage.[37] With the Oakland Athletics over seven seasons (1996–2002), he recorded 600 wins and 533 losses for a .530 winning percentage.[37] His tenure with the New York Mets spanned parts of two seasons (2003–2004), yielding 137 wins, 186 losses, and a .424 winning percentage.[37] The following table summarizes Howe's year-by-year regular season performance, including games played (G), wins (W), losses (L), winning percentage (WPct), divisional finish, and games behind the division leader (GB).[37]| Year | Team | League | Regular Season | Finish | GB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1989 | Houston Astros | NL West | 86–76 (.531) | 3rd out of 6 | 6 |
| 1990 | Houston Astros | NL West | 75–87 (.463) | 4th out of 6 | 16 |
| 1991 | Houston Astros | NL West | 65–97 (.401) | 5th out of 6 | 28 |
| 1992 | Houston Astros | NL West | 81–81 (.500) | 4th out of 6 | 17 |
| 1993 | Houston Astros | NL West | 85–77 (.525) | 3rd out of 6 | 19 |
| 1996 | Oakland Athletics | AL West | 78–84 (.481) | 3rd out of 4 | 12 |
| 1997 | Oakland Athletics | AL West | 65–97 (.401) | 4th out of 4 | 25 |
| 1998 | Oakland Athletics | AL West | 74–88 (.457) | 4th out of 4 | 14 |
| 1999 | Oakland Athletics | AL West | 87–75 (.537) | 2nd out of 4 | 8 |
| 2000 | Oakland Athletics | AL West | 91–70 (.565) | 1st out of 4 | — |
| 2001 | Oakland Athletics | AL West | 102–60 (.630) | 2nd out of 4 | 14 |
| 2002 | Oakland Athletics | AL West | 103–59 (.636) | 1st out of 4 | — |
| 2003 | New York Mets | NL East | 66–95 (.410) | 5th out of 5 | 35 |
| 2004 | New York Mets | NL East | 71–91 (.438) | 4th out of 5 | 25 |