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BBV

BBV is an acronym with multiple meanings. It may refer to: For more details, see the respective sections below.

Science and medicine

Black beetle virus

The black beetle virus (BBV) was first isolated in 1975 from moribund larvae of the New Zealand black beetle (Heteronychus arator), a coleopteran pest, during a pathogen survey in Wharepapa near Helensville on the North Island of New Zealand, where high mortality rates were observed in affected populations.^[1] This discovery highlighted BBV as a natural entomopathogen contributing to the regulation of black beetle outbreaks in pastoral grasslands.^[2] BBV is classified within the genus Alphanodavirus of the family Nodaviridae, a group of non-enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses primarily infecting insects.^[3] Its genome is bipartite, consisting of two messenger-active RNA segments: RNA1, approximately 3.1 kb in length, which encodes the viral replicase protein responsible for genome replication; and RNA2, about 1.4 kb, which encodes the capsid protein precursor.^[4] The virion is an isometric, icosahedral particle with T=3 symmetry, measuring roughly 30 nm in diameter, and encapsidates both genomic RNAs within a single capsid composed of 180 copies of the processed capsid protein.^[5]^[6] The primary host range of BBV is restricted to coleopterans, particularly H. arator, where infection leads to cytopathic effects and larval mortality, but the virus can be efficiently propagated in insect cell lines such as Schneider's Drosophila line 1 for laboratory studies.^[5] In these systems, BBV demonstrates robust replication in the host cell cytoplasm, forming paracrystalline arrays of virions.^[2] BBV serves as a valuable model organism in virology for investigating RNA virus replication mechanisms, including the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity of its replicase, and for studying cap-independent translation strategies mediated by internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-like elements in its 5'-untranslated regions, which facilitate viral protein synthesis under conditions of cellular stress.^[7]^[8] These features have enabled detailed analyses of nodaviral gene expression and host-virus interactions in insect cells, contributing to broader understanding of positive-strand RNA virus biology.^[4] BBV has no documented impact on human health or agriculture beyond its role in naturally suppressing invasive black beetle populations in New Zealand pastures.^[2]

Blood-borne virus

Blood-borne viruses (BBVs) are a category of pathogens that primarily infect humans through exposure to infected blood or certain bodily fluids, such as semen, vaginal secretions, or breast milk. These viruses include hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the less common hepatitis D virus (HDV), which depends on HBV for replication. Unlike respiratory or food-borne viruses, BBVs do not spread through casual contact like hugging or sharing utensils, but rather via direct routes involving blood exchange.^[9] Transmission of BBVs occurs mainly through percutaneous injuries, such as needlestick accidents in healthcare settings; unsafe medical procedures, including unscreened blood transfusions; sharing of contaminated needles among intravenous drug users; perinatal exposure from mother to child during birth; and sexual contact involving blood or mucosal tears. In healthcare environments, occupational exposures account for a significant risk, with needlestick injuries transmitting HBV in up to 30% of cases without post-exposure prophylaxis, HCV in about 1.8%, and HIV in 0.3%.^[9] Globally, intravenous drug use and unsafe injections in low-resource settings drive much of the spread, though improved screening has reduced transfusion-related cases dramatically since the 1990s.^[9] The public health burden of BBVs is immense, with the World Health Organization estimating 254 million people living with chronic HBV and 50 million with chronic HCV as of 2022, leading to over 1.1 million HBV-related deaths and 242,000 HCV-related deaths annually. HIV, another key BBV, affected approximately 40.8 million people globally as of 2023, with 1.3 million new infections, disproportionately impacting sub-Saharan Africa and key populations like men who have sex with men and people who inject drugs.^[10]^[11] These viruses contribute to substantial morbidity, with chronic infections often asymptomatic for decades before manifesting as severe liver disease or AIDS.^[10]^[11] Prevention strategies for BBVs emphasize barrier methods and prophylaxis: the HBV vaccine, licensed in 1981 and recommended universally since 1982, provides over 95% protection and has averted an estimated 210 million infections worldwide between 2000 and 2019.^[12] Blood products are screened using nucleic acid testing to detect HBV, HCV, and HIV, virtually eliminating transfusion risks in high-income countries. Universal precautions in healthcare—such as glove use, safe needle disposal, and post-exposure prophylaxis with antivirals—further mitigate occupational transmission. For HCV, direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) cure more than 95% of cases in 8-12 weeks, transforming it from a lifelong condition to a curable one since their introduction in 2011. Diagnosis relies on serological assays to detect antibodies or antigens (e.g., HBsAg for HBV) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for quantifying viral load and confirming active infection, enabling early intervention.^[13]

Organizations and institutions

Banco Bilbao Vizcaya

Banco Bilbao Vizcaya (BBV) was formed on January 27, 1988, through the merger of Banco de Bilbao, established in 1857 to support industrial development in the Basque region, and Banco de Vizcaya, founded in 1901 to serve merchants in Bilbao and expand commercial lending across Spain.^[14]^[15] This consolidation created Spain's largest bank at the time, with a combined network of over 2,000 branches and a focus on strengthening competitiveness amid European economic integration.^[16] The merger was driven by the need to achieve economies of scale following Spain's banking deregulation in the 1980s, which lifted restrictions on branching and interest rates, enabling greater market liberalization.^[17] BBV's operations centered on commercial and investment banking, with significant emphasis on Spain and Latin America, where it pursued aggressive expansion in the 1990s through acquisitions and joint ventures. By 1998, the bank's total assets reached approximately $155 billion, underscoring its scale as one of Europe's major financial institutions.^[18] It played a pivotal role in Spain's post-Franco financial modernization, financing key infrastructure projects and industrial growth that supported the country's transition to a market-oriented economy after the 1975 death of Francisco Franco.^[16] In Latin America, BBV established a strong presence by acquiring local banks in countries like Mexico, Venezuela, and Colombia, capitalizing on deregulation and cultural ties to build a regional network that accounted for a growing share of its business.^[19] A landmark event occurred in 1999 when BBV merged with Argentaria, a state-owned banking group formed in 1991, to create Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA), a multinational entity headquartered in Bilbao with operations in over 30 countries.^[15] This merger enhanced BBVA's global footprint, particularly in emerging markets, while the BBV brand was gradually phased out in favor of the new identity. Historical records of Banco Bilbao Vizcaya, including documents from its predecessor banks, are preserved in BBVA's Historical Archive, a private repository dating back to 1857 that safeguards over 100,000 items related to the institution's legacy.^[20]

BBV Hagen

BBV Hagen, based in Hagen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, traces its origins to the SSV Hagen multi-sport club, established in 1905, with the basketball section formally created in 1951.^[21]^[22] The team initially competed in regional leagues before joining the Basketball Bundesliga (BBL) in 1966, marking its entry into professional competition. Over the decades, it built a reputation as a competitive force in German basketball, participating consistently in the top tier until the late 1980s. In 1990, the basketball departments of SSV Hagen and TSV Hagen 1860 merged to form Brandt Hagen, which continued the club's legacy in the BBL from 1990 to 2008, achieving promotion back to the elite level after a brief stint in the second division in 1985.^[22]^[23] The club's most notable achievements include winning the DBB Championship in 1974 and securing the German Cup (DBB Pokal) in 1975 and 1994, with a runner-up finish in 2001.^[22] Brandt Hagen participated in the FIBA European Cup in the 1994–95 season, reaching the third round, and in subsequent European competitions, including the Korac Cup in 1995–96 and another European Cup run in 1996–97.^[22] Following financial difficulties and insolvency in 2003, the professional operations split, with the BBL team evolving into Phoenix Hagen, while the original entity rebranded as BBV Hagen and dropped to lower divisions, including ProA in 2008 before further relegations to regional leagues. By 2018, BBV Hagen claimed the German 2. Regionalliga West 2 Group championship, highlighting its resilience at the amateur level.^[22]^[23] BBV Hagen played its home games at the Ischeland-Halle, a multi-purpose venue with a capacity of approximately 3,145 after renovations in 2010, which served as the primary arena during its BBL years.^[22]^[24] The nickname "Die Zwiebäcke" (The Zwiebacks) originated from a sponsorship deal with Brandt Zwieback, a local bakery, during the 1990s.^[23] As of 2025, BBV Hagen operates under the umbrella of the Basketball Akademie Hagen (BBA Hagen), emphasizing youth development and player training through structured academies and regional competitions. The senior team competes in the 2. Regionalliga, focusing on talent nurturing rather than top-tier professional play, with recent signings like Aaron Badibo underscoring its role in bridging amateur and pro pathways in European basketball.^[25]^[26]^[27]

Bolsa Boliviana de Valores

The Bolsa Boliviana de Valores (BBV), Bolivia's primary stock exchange, was established on April 19, 1979, by the Bolivian Confederation of Private Businessmen (CEPB) under the leadership of Marcelo Pérez Monasterios, with the aim of developing a structured capital market in the country.^[28] Founded as a nonprofit corporation with an initial 71 members each holding one share and a capital stock of B$1.42 million, the BBV did not commence trading operations until 1989, when it began activities in La Paz on October 20 of that year, initially focusing on equities, indexes, gold, and local commodities; it operates as a private, for-profit corporation.^[28]^[29]^[30] The BBV functions as a regulated marketplace overseen by Bolivia's Autoridad de Supervisión del Sistema Financiero (ASFI), which enforces securities market laws including the 1998 Securities Market Law to ensure investor protection and market integrity.^[31]^[32] The exchange lists a variety of securities, including stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and derivatives from over 100 issuers, providing infrastructure for brokerage houses to facilitate public offerings and secondary trading.^[33] Trading occurs Monday through Friday, typically from 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. local time in La Paz, with settlement cycles of T+1 for fixed-rate securities and T+3 for variable-rate ones.^[34] The market remains small yet steadily growing, with a total capitalization of approximately $4.1 billion USD as of 2024. As of 2025, the market capitalization stands at approximately $4.4 billion USD, representing a modest portion of Bolivia's GDP and emphasizing fixed-income instruments over equities.^[35]^[36] Key milestones have shaped the BBV's evolution, including the 1990s wave of privatizations under Bolivia's neoliberal reforms, which boosted listings as state-owned enterprises like those in hydrocarbons and mining transitioned to private hands, increasing market depth and liquidity.^[37] In the 2000s, the introduction of an electronic trading platform, initially through open outcry supplemented by digital systems and later upgraded to the SIBE-SMART platform developed by Bolsas y Mercados Españoles (BME), modernized operations and enhanced efficiency.^[33]^[38] A significant development occurred in 2024, when the BBV signed a collaboration agreement with the Climate Bonds Initiative to promote sustainable finance. This supported Bolivia's first Climate Bonds Certified issuance in March 2025.^[39]^[40] The BBV plays a vital role in Bolivia's economy by enabling capital raising for key sectors such as mining, energy, and agriculture, where it has facilitated bond issuances and equity offerings to fund projects amid the country's resource-dependent growth.^[41] For instance, through instruments like corporate bonds, the exchange has supported financing for extractive industries and agribusiness, contributing to economic diversification despite challenges like low trading volumes and a predominance of government securities. This infrastructure not only aids private sector development but also aligns with broader efforts to strengthen financial intermediation in a market historically focused on informal and bank-based funding.^[42]

Bill & Ben Video

BBV Productions, originally known as Bill & Ben Video, is a British independent media company founded in 1991 by filmmaker Bill Baggs, focusing on science fiction video and audio content closely tied to the Doctor Who universe.^[43]^[44] The name "Ben" referred to the nickname of Baggs's then-wife, Helen, reflecting the company's roots in fan-driven creativity during the hiatus of the BBC series from 1989 to 2005.^[45] Initially producing low-budget direct-to-video releases, BBV expanded into audio dramas in the mid-1990s, capitalizing on the absence of official Doctor Who productions to explore adjacent stories and characters. Under arrangements with the BBC, BBV secured licenses to use non-Doctor elements such as monsters, organizations like UNIT, and former cast members, allowing it to create semi-official spin-offs without featuring the Doctor or TARDIS.^[43] Notable video productions include the The Stranger series (1991–1997), a five-part anthology starring Colin Baker—known for playing the Sixth Doctor—as an enigmatic time traveler aiding those in peril, alongside actors like Nicholas Courtney reprising his role as Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart.^[43] The company also released the Autons trilogy (1997–1999), written and voiced by Nicholas Briggs, which extended the Nestene Consciousness storyline from classic Doctor Who serials Spearhead from Space (1970) and Terror of the Autons (1971), blending live-action with early CGI effects.^[46] Other video efforts encompassed P.R.O.B.E. (1994–1996), a four-part series following UNIT scientific advisor Liz Shaw (Caroline John) in supernatural investigations, and standalone releases like Do You Have a Licence to Save This Planet? (1996), featuring Sylvester McCoy in a non-Doctor role.^[47] In the audio domain, BBV's output from the late 1990s to early 2000s included over two dozen titles under its "Audio Adventures in Time & Space" banner, such as Cyberon (1997), The Harvest (1999), and The Blue Tooth (2000), often narrated by actors from Doctor Who like Michael Troughton or John Leeson.^[48] These works emphasized horror-tinged sci-fi narratives, with some receiving BBC approval for specific elements, though most operated in a gray area of canon adjacency.^[43] By the late 2000s, BBV scaled back major new releases around 2008–2010, as the BBC revived Doctor Who on television and granted exclusive audio licenses to Big Finish Productions, which built on BBV's model of character-driven spin-offs.^[48] The company's pioneering efforts in fan-accessible extended media helped legitimize the Doctor Who expanded universe, influencing the professionalization of tie-in content.^[43] As of 2025, BBV maintains a limited operation, with its full catalog of videos, audios, and related merchandise available digitally via downloads and physical media through its official website, alongside occasional reprints and archival releases.^[49]

Other uses

Body by Victoria

Body by Victoria is a lingerie sub-brand launched by Victoria's Secret in 2000, focusing on everyday essentials such as bras, panties, and sleepwear designed for comfort and accessibility.^[50] This collection emerged as a response to consumer demand for practical yet stylish intimates, quickly becoming a cornerstone of the brand's offerings.^[51] The line emphasizes comfort through features like seamless construction, light padding for natural shaping, and inclusive sizing ranging from 30A to 44G, accommodating cup sizes up to DD and beyond.^[52] Popular items include lightly lined smooth bras and wireless options that prioritize all-day wear without sacrificing support.^[53] Positioned as accessible luxury, Body by Victoria targets everyday consumers with affordable pricing starting around $16.95, contributing significantly to Victoria's Secret's overall revenue, which exceeded $6 billion in 2023.^[54] The collection has driven substantial sales impact, with reports indicating one bra sold every five seconds at its peak popularity. Marketing efforts include collaborations with celebrities and influencers through content creator programs to promote its versatile, body-flattering designs.^[55]^[56] In July 2025, Victoria's Secret launched the FlexFactor Lightly Lined Plunge Demi Bra as part of the collection, featuring innovative stretch technology for enhanced comfort.^[57] By the 2010s, the sub-brand evolved to incorporate activewear elements like sports bras and leggings, alongside loungewear such as sweat sets and foldover pants, expanding beyond traditional intimates.^[58]^[59] These additions catered to a growing athleisure market while maintaining the core focus on comfort. The collection is now available globally through Victoria's Secret stores, e-commerce platforms, and international retailers.^[60] Culturally, Body by Victoria has helped popularize inclusive sizing in the intimates category, offering options for diverse body types and promoting everyday confidence.^[61] However, it has faced criticism alongside the broader Victoria's Secret brand for perpetuating narrow beauty standards in marketing, despite efforts toward inclusivity.^[62]^[63]

Brags, Beats, and Variance

Brags, Beats, and Variance (BBV) originated as a dedicated subforum within the Two Plus Two (2+2) internet forum network, launched in 2004 to serve as a space for poker enthusiasts to share hand histories, recount bad beats, and engage in discussions about variance in poker outcomes.^[64] This forum emerged during the early expansion of online poker communities, providing a platform distinct from strategy-focused sections by emphasizing personal experiences and emotional aspects of the game.^[65] The primary purpose of BBV is to enable players to post "brags," which celebrate significant wins or positive results, "beats," detailing frustrating losses attributed to luck rather than skill deficiencies, and analyses of variance—the statistical short-term fluctuations in poker results that can deviate from long-term expectations.^[65]^[66] By fostering these exchanges, the forum helps players process the psychological impacts of poker's inherent randomness, offering communal support and perspective during downswings or upswings.^[66] At its peak in the 2000s and 2010s, BBV attracted thousands of active users, becoming a cornerstone of online poker culture amid the broader poker boom fueled by televised events and accessible online platforms.^[67] The subforum's vibrancy reflected the era's explosive growth in poker participation, with high-engagement threads drawing widespread interaction from recreational and professional players alike.^[68] Key features of BBV include threaded discussion formats for ongoing conversations, the ability to upload detailed hand histories for community review, and a set of etiquette guidelines designed to curb toxicity, such as discouraging excessive whining or unfounded accusations while encouraging constructive feedback.^[64]^[66] These elements promote a balanced environment where users can vent frustrations or share triumphs without derailing into unproductive arguments, often resulting in humorous or insightful exchanges that highlight poker's human element.^[65] As of November 2025, BBV continues to operate but with reduced activity compared to its heyday, largely due to the 2011 Black Friday indictments that targeted major U.S. online poker sites and curtailed the industry's growth.^[69] Despite this decline, the forum's legacy endures as a foundational influence on modern poker strategy sites and communities, having shaped norms for online discourse and player support in the post-boom era.^[67]

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By Victoria's Secret Activewear for Women for sale - eBay
4.5 3K · Free deliveryGet the best deals on By Victoria's Secret Activewear for Women when you shop the largest online selection at eBay.com. Free shipping on many items | Browse ...
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[PDF] 2023 ANNUAL REPORT - Victoria's Secret & Co.
Mar 22, 2024 · We offer a range of products including signature bras, panties, lingerie, casual sleepwear, athleisure and swim, as well as prestige fragrances ...
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11 Best Strapless Bras That Actually Stay Up, Reviewed - Glamour UK
Jul 24, 2025 · ... IP addresses, unique identifiers, and browsing data stored in ... Best strapless bra, according to a GLAMOUR editor: Body By Victoria Strapless ...
[64]
Victoria's Secret inclusive rebranding faces body-image backlash
Jul 2, 2021 · A Victoria's Secret branding overhaul replacing angel-winged supermodels with women of varying shapes and sizes is a necessary and overdue step towards body ...
[65]
Supermodel Slams Victoria's Secret For Body Shaming And Calls ...
Nov 7, 2018 · Curvy supermodel Robyn Lawley launched a petition to boycott Victoria's Secret for refusing to embrace the diversity of women's sizes on the ...
[66]
Poker Beats, Brags, and Variance - Two Plus Two Forums
Poker Beats, Brags, and Variance - Here's where you put your whines and wins.Your BBV Thread is Crap, and... · House of Blogs · Playing mtts microstakes on...Missing: origin | Show results with:origin
[67]
TwoPlusTwo: News, Views, Gossip, and Beyond - Upswing Poker
Aug 19, 2018 · Among the most popular are the TwoPlusTwo NVG (News, Views and Gossip), BBV (Beats, Brags, and Variance), Marketplace, and Strategy ones.
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TwoPlusTwo NVG Poker Forum: Are You Missing Something Good?
Mar 19, 2024 · The most popular ones being BBV (Brags, Beats, Variance), the Strategy section, and the Marketplace. Of these, the BBV is easily the most ...
[69]
Two Plus Two Forums Sold For an Undisclosed Fee - PokerNews
Jul 19, 2021 · The Two Plus Two poker forums have new owners some 24 years after the website first launched. Co-founder Mason Malmuth announced the sale.
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Top 10 Stories of 2011: #1, Black Friday | PokerNews
Jan 1, 2012 · The popular TwoPlusTwo forum was bum-rushed by over 12,000 users who created a 210-page thread relatively quickly, leading ultimately to the ...
[71]
The Black Friday Timeline: One Year Without Online Poker
Apr 15, 2012 · To help make sense of Black Friday, we've put together a timeline that highlights the important developments from April 15, 2011 to April 15 ...