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BIA

The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) is a federal agency within the U.S. Department of the Interior established in 1824 to administer federal policies toward Native American tribes, manage trust lands and resources, and provide services to approximately 574 federally recognized tribes and 2.5 million American Indians and Alaska Natives.^[1]^[2] Its core mission involves enhancing quality of life, promoting economic opportunities, and fulfilling treaty and statutory trust responsibilities, including oversight of 55 million acres of surface lands and 57 million acres of subsurface minerals held in trust for tribes.^[1]^[3] Over its history, the BIA has shifted from enforcing assimilationist policies—such as land allotment under the Dawes Act and termination of tribal status in the mid-20th century, which diminished tribal sovereignty and resources—to supporting self-determination through legislation like the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975, enabling tribes to contract for services and governance.^[4]^[5] Key functions today encompass education for about 46,000 students across 183 schools, public safety through law enforcement, and economic development initiatives like broadband expansion, though delivery often occurs via tribal compacts to foster autonomy.^[6] The agency has managed vast trust assets but faced persistent criticism for fiduciary failures, exemplified by the Cobell v. Salazar class-action lawsuit alleging decades of mismanagement of individual Indian trust accounts, resulting in a $3.4 billion settlement in 2009 to compensate beneficiaries for lost revenues from oil, gas, and timber.^[7]^[8] Notable events include the 1972 occupation of BIA headquarters during the Trail of Broken Treaties caravan, which highlighted grievances over broken treaties and bureaucratic paternalism, prompting reforms toward greater tribal control.^[9] Despite progress in self-governance, ongoing audits reveal accounting deficiencies and delays in trust reforms, underscoring tensions between federal oversight and tribal self-reliance.^[10]^[11]

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Government and Legal Entities

The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) is an agency within the United States Department of the Interior, administratively established on March 11, 1824, by Secretary of War John C. Calhoun to oversee federal relations with Native American tribes.^[12] The BIA implements federal laws and policies while administering trust responsibilities for American Indian and Alaska Native individuals and tribes, encompassing programs in land management, natural resources, and economic development.^[13] For fiscal year 2025, the BIA's proposed budget totals $2.9 billion, supporting these initiatives amid ongoing federal appropriations.^[14] In U.S. military doctrine, Behavioral Influences Analysis (BIA) refers to the assessment of psychological, cultural, and social factors to inform operational planning and influence activities, as defined in Department of Defense terminology.^[15] This analysis supports military information support operations by integrating all-source intelligence on behavioral dynamics within target populations. The Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (BIA) serves as Canada's primary federal statute governing bankruptcy and insolvency proceedings, with its modern framework consolidated under R.S.C. 1985, c. B-3, and proclaimed in force on November 30, 1992, succeeding the Bankruptcy Act of 1919.^[16] The Act outlines processes for debtor rehabilitation, creditor rights, and asset distribution, with amendments such as those in 2009 strengthening protections for unsecured creditors through enhanced recovery mechanisms and trustee oversight.^[17]

Business and Technical Terms

Business Impact Analysis (BIA) is a systematic methodology employed in business continuity and disaster recovery planning to identify critical business functions and evaluate the potential impacts of disruptions, such as financial losses, operational downtime, and regulatory non-compliance. The process quantifies recovery time objectives (RTOs) and recovery point objectives (RPOs) by assessing how interruptions affect organizational objectives, enabling prioritization of resources for resilience strategies. Originating in the late 20th century alongside the expansion of information technology dependencies, BIA has become a cornerstone of standards like NIST SP 800-34, which outlines its role in contingency planning for federal systems, emphasizing empirical assessment of disruption effects since at least the early 2000s.^[18]^[19] In the financial sector, Basic Indicator Approach (BIA) constitutes the foundational regulatory technique under the Basel II framework for determining operational risk capital requirements in banking institutions. Published by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in June 2004, this approach calculates the required capital as 15% of a bank's average annual gross income over the preceding three years, applying a fixed multiplier (alpha = 0.15) to proxy for potential losses from operational failures like internal processes or external events. Intended as a conservative, data-light method for institutions without sophisticated internal models, it was integrated into Basel III revisions for ongoing use alongside more advanced alternatives, promoting standardized global risk weighting post-2004 adoption by major economies.^[20] Bus Interface Adapter (BIA) refers to a hardware module in legacy networking systems, particularly IBM's token-ring architectures prevalent from the mid-1980s to the 1990s, designed to bridge a host computer's bus (such as ISA or PCI) with token-ring protocol requirements for data transmission and protocol conversion. These adapters handled functions like token passing and media access control, supporting speeds up to 16 Mbps in enterprise environments before Ethernet dominance, and were critical for integrating token-ring into IBM PC-compatible setups during that era's distributed computing shift.^[21]

Transportation Codes

Bastia–Poretta Airport (IATA: BIA, ICAO: LFKB) serves the city of Bastia on the French island of Corsica, functioning as a primary entry point for northern Corsica. Situated approximately 17 km southeast of Bastia at coordinates 42°33′N 9°29′E, the airport features a single runway of 2,500 meters (8,202 feet) and supports year-round operations with a seasonal peak in summer tourism.^[22]^[23] The facility handles domestic French flights from mainland cities such as Paris, Marseille, and Lyon, alongside international routes primarily from European hubs including the United Kingdom, Belgium, and Switzerland. Cargo and general aviation activities are limited, with the airport prioritizing passenger services via airlines like Air Corsica, easyJet, and Volotea.^[24]^[25] Passenger traffic at Bastia–Poretta has shown recovery post-COVID, with monthly statistics indicating sustained demand; for instance, July 2024 records reflected typical summer volumes exceeding prior-year figures by notable margins.^[26] Annual throughput approximates 1.5 million passengers, driven by Corsica's appeal as a Mediterranean destination.^[27] Historically, BIA served as the ICAO airline code for British Island Airways, a UK regional carrier active from 1970 until its merger into Air UK in 1980, operating short-haul flights within Britain and to Channel Islands. This usage predates modern standardization and is no longer active in current aviation registries. No other active IATA or ICAO airport codes assign BIA to facilities beyond Bastia–Poretta.

Other Acronyms

BIA also denotes the Building Industry Association, comprising regional trade organizations in the United States that advocate for policies supporting the residential and commercial construction sectors. These groups, established since the mid-20th century, focus on promoting ethical standards, workforce development, and regulatory advocacy within the building industry. For instance, the Building Industry Association of Central South Carolina, founded in 1957, operates as a non-profit entity dedicated to upholding professional practices in residential construction.^[28] Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) refers to a non-invasive technique for estimating body composition, including fat mass and fat-free mass, by measuring the body's electrical conductivity to a low-level alternating current passed through electrodes on the skin. The method relies on the principle that lean tissue, with higher water content, conducts electricity better than fat, allowing derivation of body water estimates via impedance values. Widely employed in fitness, nutrition, and clinical assessments since the 1980s, BIA devices range from handheld units to multi-frequency analyzers, but empirical validation studies highlight accuracy constraints, such as overestimations of fat mass in dehydrated individuals or underestimations in athletes, with error rates often exceeding 5% compared to reference methods like dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.^[29]^[30] In Canada, Business Improvement Associations (BIAs) are cooperative entities formed by commercial property owners and businesses within designated urban districts, authorized under provincial statutes to levy self-assessments for funding local enhancements. Established to foster economic vitality, BIAs undertake initiatives including street maintenance, marketing campaigns, security patrols, and event programming to attract consumers and mitigate urban decline. Over 200 such associations operate across provinces like Ontario and British Columbia, contributing to revitalization efforts in main streets and downtowns since the 1970s.^[31]^[32]

Geographical Locations

Settlements and Regions

Bia is a village in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland, situated in a region historically centered on agriculture, including grain and potato cultivation dating back to medieval settlement patterns under the Piast dynasty.^[33] During World War II, the area fell under German occupation as part of the Reichsgau Wartheland, experiencing population displacements, forced labor, and localized resistance activities, though rural villages like Bia saw relatively minor direct combat compared to urban centers. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Bia refers to localities including one in Bas-Uélé Province in the northeast, an area characterized by artisanal mining for gold and diamonds amid broader resource extraction economies.^[33] The province's extractive activities, often informal and linked to alluvial deposits, contribute to local livelihoods but involve environmental degradation and conflict risks.

Natural Features

The Bia River is a transboundary waterway originating in western Ghana approximately 40 kilometers west of Sunyani and flowing southward into Côte d'Ivoire, where it joins the Tano River before reaching the Gulf of Guinea.^[34] The river's watershed lies between latitudes 5°30′ and 5°50′ N and longitudes 3° and 3°15′ W, historically traversing dense forest cover that supports moderate soil erosion rates averaging 16 tons per hectare per year.^[34]^[35] Hydrological data indicate an average discharge of 82 cubic meters per second, influenced by regional annual rainfall of about 1,450 millimeters, which sustains ecological roles in sediment transport and floodplain dynamics within the upper Tano basin.^[35]^[35] Phou Bia, the highest mountain in Laos, rises to an elevation of 2,830 meters in the Annamite Range of Xiangkhouang Province.^[36] This peak features steep terrain and persistent cloud cover due to its altitude, contributing to a cooler microclimate amid surrounding forested highlands.^[37] Bia National Park and Resource Reserve in western Ghana encompass remnants of primary rainforest, forming a UNESCO-designated biosphere reserve with transitional zones between moist evergreen forest and semi-deciduous woodland.^[38] The area protects biodiversity hotspots, including endangered species habitats, across approximately 78 square kilometers of core protected terrain, emphasizing conservation of unaltered hydrological and vegetative features in a region prone to deforestation pressures.^[39]^[38]

Individuals

Entertainers and Public Figures

Bianca Miquela Landrau, professionally known as BIA, was born on August 16, 1991, in Medford, Massachusetts, and raised in the Boston area as the daughter of Puerto Rican and Italian parents.^[40] An American rapper, singer, songwriter, and model, she rose to prominence in hip-hop through her appearances on the first two seasons of the Oxygen reality series Sisterhood of Hip-Hop, which premiered on August 12, 2014, and focused on emerging female artists navigating the male-dominated genre.^[41] Following her television exposure, BIA signed with Pharrell Williams' I Am Other label in 2014, releasing her debut single "Chain Swang" later that year and subsequent mixtapes such as SoSo Basic (2016) and EPs including Trap Charts (2018).^[42] BIA's career advanced through high-profile collaborations, including features on Ariana Grande's "NASA" from the 2019 album Thank U, Next, Nicki Minaj's "Whole Lotta Money (Remix)" in 2021, and tracks with artists like JID and Timbaland.^[43] Her independent releases and viral singles, such as "Best on Earth" (2019) with TSS and Nicki Minaj, which peaked at number 58 on the Billboard Hot 100, solidified her presence in trap and hip-hop circles. In 2025, BIA released her debut studio album BIANCA on October 10 via Epic Records, featuring 14 tracks with contributions from Becky G and Key Glock, amid ongoing public discourse on her industry feuds and personal dynamics, including a resolved conflict with Cardi B.^[44] ^[45] While BIA remains the most prominent entertainer using the mononym in hip-hop, the stage name has appeared sporadically among lesser-known performers, though no major figures in other genres or regions, such as emerging Nigerian artists, have achieved comparable visibility under it as of 2025.^[46]

Other Persons

Thomas Lightfoot served as a U.S. Indian Agent in 1869 and appointed the first federal American Indian police force in Nebraska to serve the Iowa and Sac and Fox Tribes, initiating formalized law enforcement under the precursors to the Bureau of Indian Affairs' oversight.^[47] Sam Sixkiller, a Cherokee leader born around 1842, acted as High Sheriff of the Cherokee Nation before becoming Captain of the Indian Police in Muskogee, Oklahoma; his murder on December 24, 1886, prompted Congress to classify the killing of Indian police officers as a federal crime, strengthening BIA-affiliated enforcement structures.^[47]^[48] William E. "Pussyfoot" Johnson was assigned as a special officer in 1908 to enforce prohibition laws in Indian Territory under BIA jurisdiction, later promoted to the first Chief Special Officer for his role in suppressing illegal alcohol activities.^[47] Julia Wades in Water, a member of the Blackfeet Tribe, became the first woman to serve as an Indian Police officer at the Blackfeet Agency, working for 25 years before retiring in the 1930s and exemplifying early female participation in BIA-managed tribal law enforcement.^[47]^[49]

Mythology and Miscellaneous Uses

Deities and Mythological Figures

In Greek mythology, Bia (Ancient Greek: Βία, meaning "force" or "violence") personifies raw physical power, compulsion, and coercive might as a daimōn attendant to Zeus. She is depicted in Hesiod's Theogony (c. 700 BCE) as the daughter of the Titan Pallas and the river goddess Styx, born alongside her siblings Cratos (strength), Zelus (rivalry or emulation), and Nike (victory).^[50] These offspring of Styx were the first to pledge loyalty to Zeus during the Titanomachy, the war against the Titans, prompting Styx to lead them to Olympus in support of the emerging Olympian order.^[51] Zeus rewarded their allegiance by granting Styx preeminence among the rivers and elevating her children to eternal companionship at his throne, where they enforced his decrees without independent dwellings or paths. Bia specifically embodied the unrelenting enforcement of oaths, as Styx's waters formed the basis of the gods' most solemn vows, binding under penalty of divine retribution; Hesiod notes that Zeus appointed Styx as "the great oath of the gods," with her progeny ensuring compliance through irresistible force.^[50] This role underscored Bia's function in upholding cosmic hierarchy via compulsion rather than persuasion, distinguishing her from Nike's triumphant aspect or Cratos's brute strength. Bia appears sparingly in surviving literature beyond Hesiod, notably in Aeschylus's Prometheus Bound (c. 460 BCE), where she accompanies Cratos to chain the Titan Prometheus at Zeus's command, remaining silent to emphasize her role as an instrument of unyielding violence rather than articulate will.^[51] Lacking dedicated cults or temples, Bia's influence persisted in invocations tied to Stygian oaths, symbolizing the causal primacy of force in maintaining Olympian sovereignty against rebellion.^[51]

Scientific and Cultural Concepts

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a non-invasive method employed in physiological research to estimate body composition, including fat mass, fat-free mass, and total body water, by passing a low-amplitude alternating current through the body and measuring impedance.^[30] This technique exploits the differential electrical conductivity of tissues, where lean mass with higher water content offers lower resistance than adipose tissue.^[52] Equations derived from empirical data, often incorporating height, weight, age, and sex, convert raw impedance values into composition estimates.^[53] Validation studies indicate BIA yields moderate to strong correlations with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), a reference standard, for body fat percentage in healthy adults, with intraclass correlation coefficients typically ranging from 0.80 to 0.95 across cohorts.^[54]^[55] However, BIA accuracy diminishes under conditions altering fluid distribution, such as dehydration or recent exercise, which can inflate fat mass estimates by 3-5% or more due to increased resistance from reduced extracellular water.^[56] Women exhibit higher measurement variability than men in such scenarios, potentially linked to menstrual cycle fluctuations in hydration.^[56] Multi-frequency BIA devices mitigate some errors by distinguishing intracellular and extracellular fluids, yet systematic underestimation of fat-free mass persists compared to DEXA in obese populations.^[57] Despite these constraints, BIA's portability, speed (under 2 minutes per scan), and cost-effectiveness (devices under $500) render it suitable for longitudinal monitoring in clinical nutrition and sports physiology, provided standardized protocols control for variables like fasting and posture.^[55]^[30] In gaming culture, BIA denotes the "Brothers in Arms" series, a tactical shooter franchise initiated by Gearbox Software in 2005, which simulates World War II combat through squad command mechanics and historical fidelity.^[58] Drawing from veteran accounts and real 101st Airborne Division operations, such as the 1944 Normandy invasion in Road to Hill 30, the games emphasize realistic tactics like suppressing fire and flanking over arcade-style action, fostering player immersion in themes of brotherhood and loss.^[59] This approach influenced subsequent WWII titles by prioritizing squad AI and environmental authenticity, including scanned battlefields for accurate terrain, though later entries faced criticism for deviating toward spectacle.^[60] The series' narrative depth, rooted in military consultant John Antal's expertise, elevated tactical shooters' cultural regard for procedural realism over individual heroism.^[59]

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Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act ( R.S.C. , 1985, c. B-3) · Table of Contents · Related Information · Amendments * · Regulations made under this Act · Section menu ...172.1 · Interpretation · Application for Bankruptcy Order · Amendments Not In Force
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BIA, bus interface adapter ==> バスインタフェースアダプタ; Bial's test ==> 比亚耳氏试验; Bianchi s nodules ==> 比昂基氏小结; bianry image ==> 二值图像; bias ...<|separator|>
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Bastia-Poretta Airport (BIA) is a medium airport in Bastia/Poretta, France, with IATA code BIA and ICAO code LFKB. It has a runway of 8,266 feet.
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Jul 1, 2024 · 2024. Juillet. Trafic pour le mois : Année. Sens. Nb vols. Pax Locaux. Pax transits. Fret en Kg. Pax Totaux. Masse en tonne. Poste en Kg.
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A non-profit professional trade association founded in 1957 for the purpose of maintaining high professional standards in the residential construction industry.<|separator|>
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Elevation: 2830 meters, 9285 feet ; Nation, Laos (Highest Point) ; State/Province, Xaisomboun Province (Highest Point) ; Links
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Also she brought forth Cratos (Strength) and Bia (Force), wonderful children. These have no house apart from Zeus, nor any dwelling nor path except that ...
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No differences in the body fat after violating core bioelectrical ...
Mar 12, 2021 · In general, women appear to have more variability in their BIA measures than men, particularly with dehydration using the hand-to-foot device.
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