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Bricklayer

A bricklayer, also known as a mason or brickmason, is a skilled tradesperson who constructs, extends, and repairs structures such as walls, foundations, chimneys, arches, and pathways by laying bricks, concrete blocks, pre-cut stone, or other masonry units in mortar.^[1]^[2] This hands-on craft requires precision in reading blueprints, measuring and cutting materials, mixing and applying mortar with tools like trowels and levels, and ensuring structural alignment for safety and durability.^[1]^[2] The profession of bricklaying traces its origins to ancient civilizations, with the earliest evidence of bricks—initially sun-dried mud mixed with straw—dating back to approximately 7000 BC in southern Turkey and the ancient city of Jericho in the Middle East.^[3] By around 3500 BC, advancements in Mesopotamia introduced fired bricks baked in kilns, enhancing their strength and weather resistance, which allowed for more sophisticated architecture in regions like the Indus Valley, Egypt, and later the Roman Empire.^[4]^[5] In modern times, bricklayers typically enter the trade through high school education followed by apprenticeships or on-the-job training lasting several years, combining manual dexterity, mathematical skills, and knowledge of building codes.^[1] Bricklaying remains a vital component of the construction industry, valued for producing durable, fire-resistant, and aesthetically versatile buildings, with about 294,300 masonry workers employed in the United States as of 2024 and a projected job growth of 2% through 2034.^[1] The trade emphasizes safety practices, especially when working at heights or in varying weather, and continues to adapt to sustainable materials and innovative techniques while preserving time-honored methods.^[2]

Definition and Role

Definition

A bricklayer is a skilled tradesperson who specializes in constructing walls, buildings, and other structures by laying bricks, concrete blocks, or similar masonry units bound together with mortar.^[1]^[6] This craft requires precision in aligning materials to ensure structural integrity, durability, and aesthetic appeal in construction projects.^[7] Bricklayers are distinct from masons, who focus on working with natural stone materials like marble, granite, or limestone, often involving more intricate cutting and shaping techniques.^[8] In contrast to general construction laborers, who handle unskilled tasks such as material handling, site cleanup, and basic tool assistance, bricklayers possess specialized training to perform the technical aspects of masonry assembly.^[9] Bricklayers operate in diverse work environments, including residential sites for home building, commercial developments for office or retail structures, and restoration projects involving historical or decorative brickwork.^[10] The term "bricklayer" emerged in late 15th-century Middle English, deriving from "brick" (a baked clay block borrowed from Middle Dutch "bricke") and "layer" (from Old English "leger" or "lecgan," meaning to place or lay), underscoring the trade's ancient influences within broader masonry practices rooted in Old English building traditions.^[11]^[12]

Responsibilities

Bricklayers begin their workflow by reading blueprints and drawings to calculate materials required and lay out patterns, forms, or foundations according to project plans.^[1] They prepare surfaces by breaking or cutting materials to size and ensuring level foundations through precise measurements.^[1] Site preparation also involves erecting scaffolding to access elevated work areas and constructing forms for concrete integration where necessary.^[13] A core responsibility is mixing mortar or grout in proper proportions and spreading it onto slabs or foundations as a base for masonry units.^[1] Bricklayers then lay bricks or blocks in specified patterns, such as running bond—where stretchers overlap by half a brick for stability—or Flemish bond, which alternates headers and stretchers for both structural and aesthetic purposes.^[14] They position and tap units into place, embedding them in mortar while maintaining uniform joint thickness.^[15] Quality control is maintained throughout by aligning structures using levels, plumb bobs, and gaugelines to ensure vertical and horizontal accuracy.^[1] Excess mortar is cleaned with trowels, and joints are finished with pointing tools for a smooth, durable surface.^[15] Bricklayers also fill expansion joints with caulking and polish surfaces as needed to meet structural and aesthetic standards.^[1] On job sites, bricklayers collaborate with other trades, such as coordinating with carpenters for the integration of wooden structural elements like lintels or frames into masonry walls.^[13] As lead workers, they may assign and review tasks for helpers or related crafts to synchronize workflow and achieve seamless project execution.^[13]

History

Origins

The practice of bricklaying emerged in ancient Mesopotamia around 7000 BCE, with the invention of sun-dried mud bricks marking a pivotal advancement in construction techniques for early settled communities. These bricks, formed from clay mixed with organic materials like straw or dung and dried in the sun, allowed for the erection of durable, large-scale structures in a region lacking abundant stone. By the mid-6th millennium BCE during the Ubaid period, molded sun-dried bricks had become widespread, enabling the construction of foundational buildings at sites like Tell el-Oueili.^[16]^[16] This innovation reached its zenith in Mesopotamian monumental architecture, particularly with ziggurats—stepped pyramidal temples that symbolized religious and civic power. The earliest ziggurats appeared during the Uruk period (c. 4000–3100 BCE), constructed primarily from sun-baked bricks for the core and sometimes faced with fired bricks for added durability, as seen in structures at Eridu and Uruk. Ziggurats like the Great Ziggurat of Ur, built around 2100 BCE, required sophisticated bricklaying to achieve their massive scale, with layers of bricks laid in patterns to support tiers rising toward a temple platform. These edifices not only served religious purposes but also demonstrated the labor-intensive craft of bricklaying, involving community-organized production near construction sites.^[17]^[16]^[17] Bricklaying techniques were adopted and refined in ancient Egypt, where the fertile Nile mud provided an ideal material for sun-dried bricks used in a wide array of structures from prehistoric times onward. By the Old Kingdom (c. 2686–2181 BCE), these bricks—typically measuring about 34x18x10 cm and bound with straw—formed the basis for non-monumental buildings, while stone dominated pyramids; however, mud bricks played a key role in subsidiary pyramid structures, ramps, and Middle Kingdom pyramids (c. 2055–1650 BCE), such as those at Lisht. In temple architecture, like the Karnak complex during the New Kingdom (c. 1550–1070 BCE), mud bricks were employed for storage magazines, temenos walls, and early phases of construction, often layered with mortar of similar Nile sediment to ensure stability in the annual flood-prone environment.^[18]^[18]^[18] Bricklaying also flourished in the Indus Valley Civilization (c. 3300–1300 BCE), where standardized fired bricks were produced on a large scale for urban infrastructure. Cities like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa featured advanced drainage systems and multi-story buildings constructed with uniform bricks measuring approximately 28x14x7 cm, laid in precise mortar joints, showcasing early mastery of modular construction techniques.^[19] The spread of bricklaying to the Roman Empire introduced fired bricks around the 1st century BCE, enhancing durability and enabling architectural innovations such as the arch and vault. Prior to this, Romans had used sun-dried bricks, but kiln-firing techniques, refined from earlier Mediterranean practices, produced standardized, weather-resistant bricks that supported expansive concrete structures. These advancements facilitated iconic designs like the segmental arch in aqueducts and the vast vaults of the Baths of Caracalla, where bricks were laid in curved patterns to distribute weight efficiently, transforming urban infrastructure across the empire.^[20]^[20]^[20] By the medieval period in Europe, bricklaying evolved into a formalized trade through the establishment of craft guilds around the 12th century, particularly in France and Italy, where associations of master builders regulated standards, training, and competition. These guilds, emerging amid urban growth, encompassed masons and bricklayers who specialized in fired brick construction for cathedrals, town walls, and civic buildings, such as the brickwork in early Gothic structures like the Basilica of Saint-Denis. Guild formation ensured quality control and professional apprenticeship, solidifying bricklaying as a respected craft essential to medieval society.^[21]^[21]

Modern Developments

The Industrial Revolution profoundly transformed bricklaying by enabling mass production of bricks through mechanized processes in the 19th century. Prior to this era, bricks were handmade, limiting output to small scales, but innovations like steam-powered presses and extrusion machines allowed for the rapid manufacture of uniform bricks, meeting the demands of expanding urban infrastructure such as factories and railways.^[22] By the late 1800s, continuous kilns and mechanical molding had become widespread in Britain and the United States, increasing production efficiency and standardizing brick quality, which in turn supported larger-scale bricklaying projects.^[23]^[24] In the 20th century, bricklaying evolved with the rise of prefabricated components and strengthened labor organization in the United States and Europe. The introduction of prefabricated brick panels and veneer systems, particularly post-World War II, accelerated construction timelines by allowing off-site assembly of modular masonry units, reducing on-site labor while maintaining aesthetic and structural integrity.^[25] Concurrently, unionization advanced worker protections; the International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers, founded in 1865, expanded its influence throughout the century, advocating for fair wages, safer conditions, and benefits amid industrialization's demands, representing over 75,000 members by the late 20th century across North America.^[26] In Europe, similar craft unions, such as those in Britain, pushed for standardized training and regulations during the interwar and postwar reconstruction periods, aligning bricklaying with broader labor movements.^[27] The 21st century has seen bricklaying adapt to sustainability imperatives and digital integration, emphasizing eco-friendly materials and precise design tools. Sustainable practices, including the reuse of recycled bricks, have gained prominence to minimize environmental impact; for instance, companies like Kenoteq produce bricks from construction waste and fly ash, reducing carbon emissions by up to 90% compared to traditional clay firing while preserving strength for modern builds.^[28] The Brick Industry Association highlights that such recycled bricks divert landfill waste and lower energy use in production, aligning with global green building standards like LEED.^[29] Additionally, digital tools such as Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) have revolutionized bricklaying planning, enabling parametric modeling of complex masonry layouts and automation in robotic placement, as seen in systems that convert CAD models into precise brick metadata for efficient on-site execution.^[30]^[31] Globally, rapid urbanization in Asia has driven innovations in high-rise bricklaying techniques to accommodate dense populations. In countries like China and Vietnam, where urban growth has surged, brick masonry is increasingly used in facades and infill walls of skyscrapers, supported by automated laying machines and slip-form methods that enhance speed and safety in vertical construction.^[32] For example, in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, escalating demand from urbanization has spurred efficient brick production and modular techniques for mid- to high-rise structures, balancing traditional masonry with modern scalability.^[33] These adaptations reflect a fusion of labor-intensive heritage skills with technology to meet the needs of megacities.

Skills and Techniques

Core Skills

Bricklayers require a high degree of manual dexterity to achieve precise brick placement and consistent mortar application, enabling them to handle tools like trowels and levels while maintaining accuracy in repetitive tasks that demand fine motor control and hand-eye coordination.^[34]^[35] This proficiency ensures joints are uniform, typically 3/8 to 1/2 inch thick, preventing structural weaknesses from uneven bedding or pointing.^[36] An understanding of geometry is essential for constructing bond patterns that enhance structural stability, such as running bonds where bricks overlap by half their length to distribute loads evenly across courses.^[37] Bricklayers must ensure even coursing by aligning bricks to nominal dimensions, accounting for mortar joints, which requires calculating offsets and using patterns like English or Flemish bonds to interlock units and resist shear forces.^[34]^[37] Measurement and estimation skills are fundamental for determining wall dimensions and material needs, involving accurate taping of areas and computation of brick quantities per square foot based on modular sizes (e.g., 675 modular bricks covering 100 square feet in a running bond).^[36] Bricklayers calculate mortar volumes similarly, multiplying net wall area by established rates (e.g., 5.5 cubic feet per 100 square feet), while adding 5% for breakage and 10-15% for waste to avoid shortages.^[36]^[34] Basic knowledge of physics principles, particularly load-bearing and stress distribution, guides bricklayers in building walls that safely transfer vertical loads to foundations while limiting compressive stresses to allowable levels (typically 100-300 psi depending on mortar type).^[38]^[39] This involves recognizing how even load distribution prevents eccentric stresses, which could exceed design resistances if slenderness ratios exceed limits set by applicable building codes (e.g., 18-20 for U.S. empirical designs of bearing walls), ensuring overall wall integrity without reinforcement in empirical designs.^[38]^[39]

Specialized Techniques

In constructing arches and curves, bricklayers employ temporary formwork known as centering to support the structure until it becomes self-supporting, allowing for the precise placement of wedge-shaped bricks called voussoirs that transfer loads laterally to the abutments.^[40] The process begins with laying out the arch for symmetry, followed by erecting the centering, upon which voussoirs are laid radially with mortar joints ranging from 1/8 to 3/4 inch thick.^[40] Tapered or rectangular bricks serve as voussoirs, starting from the springing line and progressing to the keystone at the crown; after placement, the centering is slightly eased to compress joints, and it remains in place for at least seven days to ensure curing.^[40] This technique ensures structural integrity while accommodating curved geometries in doorways, windows, and vaults.^[41] Restoration of historic brick buildings requires specialized repointing techniques to preserve authenticity, particularly by matching the original mortar's composition through laboratory analysis of unweathered samples to determine ratios of lime, sand, and cement.^[42] Bricklayers remove deteriorated mortar to a depth of 2 to 2.5 times the joint width using hand tools or low-speed grinders, avoiding damage to the brick; new mortar, softer and more permeable than the masonry for vapor transmission, is then applied in layers no thicker than 1/4 inch, compacted, and tooled to replicate the historic profile when thumbprint hard.^[42] This approach prevents further deterioration, as mismatched modern cements can trap moisture and cause spalling, while compatible mixes maintain the building's visual and physical integrity.^[42] For industrial applications demanding fire resistance and insulation, bricklayers install refractory bricks—such as fireclay or high-alumina types—with heat-setting or air-setting mortars to form dense linings in furnaces, kilns, and boilers capable of withstanding temperatures up to 3400°F.^[43] Techniques include masonry laying with staggered joints filled to resist slag penetration, using 250-450 pounds of mortar per 1000 bricks, or dry laying with expansion joints every 18 inches filled by paper or cardboard to accommodate thermal growth; for insulated setups, lightweight bricks like those in the GREENLITE series are anchored at 6x6-inch spacing in walls to minimize heat loss.^[43] Post-installation, linings cure for 24 hours before gradual heat-up at 50°F per hour to avoid spalling, ensuring longevity in high-abrasion environments.^[43] Decorative elements such as corbels and string courses enhance architectural facades through precise corbeling, where successive brick courses project outward to form ledges or brackets, limited to half the wall thickness total and one-third the unit depth per course to maintain stability without reinforcement.^[44] Corbels are built by laying bricks in stepped projections at a minimum 63-degree slope, often using soldier or stretcher orientations for visual depth, as seen in historic examples like Queen Anne corbel tables with cut king closers.^[45] String courses, narrow horizontal bands of brick, are constructed as continuous projecting courses—such as sawtooth patterns at 45-degree angles or soldier courses—to delineate floor levels and direct water runoff, integrated seamlessly into the wall bond for both ornament and function.^[45] These techniques rely on full mortar joints and careful alignment to prevent water infiltration while achieving ornamental effects.^[44]

Tools and Materials

Essential Tools

Bricklayers rely on a core set of hand tools to perform precise masonry work, ensuring structural integrity and aesthetic finish in brick construction. The brick trowel, a flat-bladed tool typically 9 to 12 inches long with a wooden or ergonomic handle, is fundamental for spreading and applying mortar to bricks and blocks.^[46] It allows for controlled scooping from a mortar board and even distribution on building surfaces, requiring skilled wrist action to avoid excess buildup.^[47] Complementing the trowel, the jointer shapes and finishes mortar joints after initial placement, with types such as the long jointer for horizontal concave or V-shaped joints and the short jointer for vertical ones, promoting weather resistance and visual uniformity.^[47] Alignment tools like the spirit level, a sealed glass tube filled with liquid and an air bubble, verify horizontal and vertical plumb during wall erection, while the plumb bob—a weighted string device—provides a simple vertical reference line for checking wall straightness over heights.^[46]^[47] Power tools enhance efficiency in cutting and mixing tasks, reducing manual labor on larger projects. The masonry saw cuts bricks and blocks to precise dimensions.^[48] For mortar preparation, the mortar mixer—a portable drum or paddle-equipped machine—batches cement, sand, and water into a consistent mix, typically handling 3 to 6 cubic feet per load to support continuous laying without interruptions.^[46] These tools must comply with safety standards, including guards and ergonomic designs to mitigate vibration-related strain.^[49] Scaffolding and lifting equipment enable safe access to elevated work areas, critical for multi-story bricklaying. Modular frame scaffolds, constructed from steel end frames connected by cross-braces and platforms, offer adjustable heights.^[50] Supported scaffolds must bear at least four times their intended load, with platforms at least 18 inches wide and guardrails to prevent falls, as mandated for construction sites.^[51] Lifting aids, such as hoist-equipped scaffolds, facilitate material transport, reducing manual handling risks.^[52] Proper maintenance extends tool lifespan and maintains precision, preventing accidents from wear. Hand tools like trowels and jointers should be cleaned daily by scraping off mortar residue and wiping with a dry cloth, followed by light oiling to prevent rust, avoiding water on wooden handles to avert cracking.^[47] Power tools require weekly inspections for intact cords, lubricated moving parts, and secure guards, with batteries stored properly to avoid fire hazards.^[49] Scaffolding frames undergo pre-use checks for stability and damage, with components stored in dry conditions to ensure modular connections remain secure.^[51] Regular upkeep, including lubrication and ergonomic adjustments, not only complies with occupational standards but also sustains work quality.^[49]

Common Materials

Bricklayers primarily work with three main varieties of bricks: clay-fired, concrete, and engineered types, each selected based on project requirements for strength, durability, and aesthetics. Clay-fired bricks, produced by molding clay and firing it in kilns at temperatures above 1,000°C, are the most traditional and widely used, offering compressive strengths typically ranging from 8,000 to 10,000 psi, which ensures structural integrity in load-bearing walls. Concrete bricks, manufactured by mixing cement, sand, aggregates, and water then curing in molds, provide a more affordable option with compressive strengths around 2,500 to 3,000 psi, commonly employed in non-load-bearing applications like partitions. Engineered bricks, often high-strength variants of clay or composite materials, achieve compressive strengths up to 20,000 psi or more, designed for demanding environments such as below-ground structures where low water absorption—under 3%—is critical. These properties, including compressive strength measured per ASTM C67 standards, directly influence a brick's suitability for exposure to varying loads and environmental conditions. Mortar, the binding agent essential for joining bricks, is typically composed of cement, lime, sand, and water in specific proportions to achieve workability and bond strength. A common mix, known as Type N mortar per ASTM C270, uses one part Portland cement, one part hydrated lime, and six parts sand, providing a balance of flexibility and compressive strength around 750 psi after 28 days of curing. The curing process involves initial hydration where cement reacts with water to form a rigid matrix, followed by gradual drying that can take 24-48 hours for initial set and up to 28 days for full strength, during which moisture retention is vital to prevent cracking. Lime in the mix enhances workability and allows for slight movement in the structure, reducing the risk of rigid failure over time. To enhance weather resistance, bricklayers incorporate additives into mortar or apply them post-construction, such as hydrophobic sealants that repel water while permitting vapor transmission. Silane- or siloxane-based impregnations, for instance, reduce water absorption by up to 90% without altering the brick's appearance, applied as surface treatments to masonry walls. These additives, including silicone hydrophobic powders mixed into mortar at 0.2-0.5% by weight, minimize freeze-thaw damage by preventing moisture ingress, thereby extending the lifespan of brickwork in harsh climates. Sustainability in bricklaying materials has gained prominence through low-emission bricks incorporating recycled content, reducing the carbon footprint of construction. For example, bricks like Kenoteq's K-BRIQ utilize up to 100% recycled construction waste, emitting 95% less CO2 than traditional clay bricks during production, while maintaining comparable compressive strengths above 3,000 psi. These eco-friendly options, often unfired to conserve energy, promote circular economy principles by diverting landfill waste and lowering embodied carbon, with some formulations achieving net-zero emissions through mineral additives like olivine sand.

Training and Certification

Educational Pathways

Aspiring bricklayers most commonly enter the profession through structured apprenticeship programs offered by trade unions such as the International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers (BAC), which typically last 3 to 4 years and combine approximately 6,000 hours of on-the-job training with 144 to 200 hours of annual classroom instruction covering topics like blueprint reading, mortar mixing, and safety protocols.^[1]^[53] These programs, registered with the U.S. Department of Labor, provide paid work experience under experienced mentors while ensuring progressive skill development from basic laying techniques to advanced structural work.^[54] Vocational training at community colleges offers a shorter alternative, with certificate programs in masonry generally spanning 6 to 12 months and focusing on hands-on skills through 100 to 300 clock hours of coursework, including material handling, tool use, and basic construction principles.^[55]^[56] Institutions like Craven Community College and Metropolitan Community College deliver these programs, often aligned with National Center for Construction Education and Research (NCCER) standards, preparing graduates for entry-level roles or apprenticeships.^[55] High school trade programs introduce foundational concepts to students, typically over 2 to 4 years, emphasizing basics such as blueprint reading, site layout, and introductory brick and block laying through vocational courses integrated into the curriculum.^[57]^[58] Schools like Lehigh Career & Technical Institute and Buckeye Career Center provide these pathways, allowing juniors and seniors to earn credits toward postsecondary training while gaining practical experience in constructing simple structures.^[57]^[58] While less common due to the technical complexity requiring precise measurement and structural knowledge, self-taught paths exist through informal mentorship, where individuals start as laborers or helpers on construction sites to learn under experienced bricklayers via on-the-job guidance.^[1]^[59] This approach demands self-motivation and may lead to formal apprenticeships, though it often takes longer to achieve proficiency without structured instruction.^[59] Completion of these pathways frequently positions individuals to obtain professional certifications validating their skills.^[1]

Professional Certifications

In the United States, the Mason Contractors Association of America (MCAA) administers the National Mason Contractor Certification program, which recognizes proficiency in masonry practices, including bricklaying, through rigorous examinations covering construction techniques, safety, and project management.^[60] This credential is attainable by passing up to three exams in core disciplines such as masonry construction and requires an initial fee of $600 for members or $850 for non-members, inclusive of exam and tracking services.^[60] Internationally, the United Kingdom's National Vocational Qualification (NVQ) framework provides Levels 2 and 3 diplomas in trowel occupations, specifically bricklaying, to certify work-based competence in laying bricks, blocks, and stone while adhering to construction standards. Level 2 focuses on foundational skills like basic wall construction and mortar mixing, assessed through on-site observations and portfolios, whereas Level 3 advances to complex structures, including cavity walls and decorative features, typically requiring prior experience or Level 2 attainment. These qualifications, overseen by bodies like the Construction Industry Training Board (CITB), align with national occupational standards and facilitate access to the Construction Skills Certification Scheme (CSCS) cards essential for site work.^[61] Renewal of these certifications ensures ongoing adherence to evolving regulations, generally occurring every three to five years and mandating continuing education units (CEUs) on topics such as the International Building Code (IBC), which governs masonry design and installation requirements.^[60] For the MCAA certification, renewal demands 45 CEUs accumulated over three years from approved providers, including IBC updates on structural integrity and seismic provisions.^[60] In the UK, while NVQs do not expire, linked CSCS cards require renewal every five years, incorporating a CITB health and safety test valid for two years to maintain site eligibility.^[62] These credentials offer substantial benefits, including eligibility for state licensing as an independent contractor, which is often prerequisite for bidding on commercial projects, and improved access to liability insurance with reduced premiums due to verified expertise.^[63] Additionally, certified bricklayers experience enhanced professional recognition, higher employment prospects, and compliance validation that reassures clients and employers of quality workmanship.^[64]

Health and Safety

Occupational Hazards

Bricklayers face significant physical strains due to the repetitive nature of their work, which often involves bending, twisting, and lifting heavy materials throughout the day. Low back disorders are prevalent, with studies indicating that bricklayers spend approximately 93% of their work time in postures involving bending, twisting, or repetitive motions, leading to increased risk of lumbar disc disease and chronic back strain.^[65] Lifting standard bricks, which typically weigh 4 to 5 pounds each, exacerbates these issues, as workers may handle up to 1,000 bricks daily, contributing to overexertion and musculoskeletal injuries primarily affecting the lower back, shoulders, and arms.^[66]^[67] Additionally, prolonged use of vibrating tools for cutting and grinding can result in hand-arm vibration syndrome, characterized by neurological, vascular, and musculoskeletal symptoms such as numbness, pain, and reduced grip strength in the hands and arms.^[68] Exposure to hazardous dust and chemicals is another major risk in bricklaying. Cutting bricks and masonry materials generates respirable crystalline silica dust, which, when inhaled, can cause silicosis—a progressive lung disease leading to scarring and fibrosis of lung tissue.^[69] The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) identifies construction tasks like using masonry saws to cut bricks as particularly high-risk for silica exposure, with unprotected workers facing elevated chances of developing this incurable condition.^[70] Furthermore, contact with wet mortar, which contains Portland cement and other alkaline substances, can lead to chemical irritants causing skin burns, dermatitis, and eye irritation upon prolonged or repeated exposure.^[71]^[72] Fall hazards are inherent to bricklaying, especially when working at heights on scaffolding or ladders to construct walls and facades. OSHA data shows that falls are the leading cause of death in construction, accounting for 421 fatalities in 2023, with masonry workers particularly vulnerable due to the need to access elevated work areas without adequate protection.^[73] In the concrete and masonry sector specifically, over 30% of fatalities involve falls from heights, often related to scaffold instability or lack of edge protection during overhand bricklaying.^[74] Environmental factors, such as extreme weather conditions, compound these risks for bricklayers who often work outdoors. High temperatures and humidity can lead to heat stress and dehydration, impairing physical performance and increasing the likelihood of accidents; construction workers, including masons, are at elevated risk due to strenuous labor in direct sunlight.^[75] Cold weather or wet conditions may also heighten slip risks on scaffolds, while overall exposure to varying climates exacerbates fatigue and strain on the body.^[76]

Safety Protocols

Bricklayers must adhere to stringent safety protocols to mitigate risks such as falls, dust exposure, and musculoskeletal strain, ensuring a secure work environment on construction sites.^[77] Personal protective equipment (PPE) forms the foundation of these protocols, with bricklayers required to wear hard hats to protect against falling objects, heavy-duty gloves to prevent cuts and abrasions from handling bricks and tools, and respirators—such as N95 filtering facepiece respirators—to guard against inhaling respirable crystalline silica dust generated during brick cutting and mixing.^[77]^[71] For work at heights, full-body harnesses connected to approved anchor points are mandatory to arrest falls.^[78] Employers must assess site-specific hazards and provide properly fitted PPE at no cost to workers, along with training on its correct use and maintenance.^[77] OSHA guidelines emphasize regular scaffold inspections conducted by competent persons before each shift and after any occurrence that could affect structural integrity, such as weather events or impacts, to prevent collapses.^[51] Fall protection systems are required for scaffolds more than 10 feet above lower levels, including toprails, midrails, and toeboards forming guardrail systems on all open sides and ends, or personal fall arrest systems if guardrails are infeasible.^[51]^[78] These measures specifically address overhand bricklaying operations, where controlled access zones may supplement protection to maintain workflow without compromising safety.^[79] Ergonomic practices are integral to preventing repetitive strain injuries, with bricklayers trained in proper lifting techniques that involve bending at the knees, keeping the back straight, holding loads close to the body, and avoiding twists to minimize spinal stress.^[80] Job rotation schedules, alternating tasks like mixing mortar and laying bricks every 1-2 hours, help distribute physical demands and reduce exposure to awkward postures and repetitive motions.^[81] Tools such as brick tongs or mechanical hoists should be used for heavier loads exceeding 50 pounds to further alleviate strain.^[80] Emergency protocols on bricklaying sites include OSHA-mandated emergency action plans outlining procedures for immediate first aid, such as cleaning and bandaging cuts from tools or sharp edges with sterile supplies from on-site kits, followed by medical evaluation for deeper wounds.^[82] Site evacuation plans designate clear routes, assembly points, and alarm systems for hazards like structural failures or fires, with designated personnel responsible for headcounts and coordination with emergency services.^[82] All workers receive training on these plans annually, including drills to ensure swift and orderly responses.^[83]

Cultural and Media Representations

In Literature and Film

In literature, the bricklayer often symbolizes the dignity of manual labor and the transformative power of purpose. A classic parable, "The Story of the Three Bricklayers," illustrates this theme: when asked what they are doing, the first says he is laying bricks, the second building a wall, and the third constructing a great cathedral, highlighting how perspective infuses mundane work with meaning.^[84] This tale, rooted in the 17th-century rebuilding of St. Paul's Cathedral after the Great Fire of London, has been retold in various forms to emphasize motivation and vision in craftsmanship. In 18th-century laboring-class poetry, Robert Tatersal's "The Bricklayer's Labours" vividly depicts the physical toil and daily routines of urban bricklayers, portraying them as resilient figures enduring harsh conditions to support their families.^[85] Pietro di Donato's 1939 novel Christ in Concrete draws from the author's own experiences as an Italian immigrant bricklayer, chronicling the hardships, accidents, and community bonds among New York construction workers, using the trade as a metaphor for immigrant struggles and the human cost of building America. Film portrayals frequently highlight the bricklayer's skill amid adversity or as a backdrop for broader narratives of heroism and societal construction. In the 1977 Polish drama Man of Marble, directed by Andrzej Wajda, protagonist Mateusz Birkut is a ambitious bricklayer elevated to socialist hero status during Stalinist-era construction projects, symbolizing the exploitation of workers under propaganda while showcasing the physical demands of rapid bricklaying. The 1976 Mexican film The Bricklayers (Los Albañiles), adapted from a novel by Jenaro Prieto, explores class tensions and corruption on a construction site through the lens of bricklayers and laborers, emphasizing themes of injustice and collective labor in urban development.^[86] More recently, the 2023 action thriller The Bricklayer, directed by Renny Harlin and based on Noah Boyd's 2010 novel, features ex-CIA agent Steve Vail working as a bricklayer in Washington, D.C.; his trade serves as a cover for espionage, blending depictions of precise masonry work with high-stakes intrigue to underscore resilience and hands-on expertise.^[87] Television has depicted bricklaying both educationally and as a lens on contemporary work life, often portraying it as a pathway to personal growth. The long-running PBS series This Old House includes multiple episodes demonstrating bricklaying techniques, such as Season 39, Episode 19 ("Brick and Mortar"), where host Tommy Silva and mason Mark McCullough repair historic brickwork and install a new fireplace, educating viewers on the craft's precision and restoration value. Similarly, Season 43, Episode 7 ("Masonry Lessons") covers constructing block walls and chimney foundations, highlighting safety and structural integrity in residential projects. The 2022 BBC Three docuseries Brickies follows young apprentices and journeymen bricklayers across UK sites, capturing their banter, challenges, and aspirations in building new housing, framing the profession as a vital, evolving trade that builds both structures and futures.^[88] These representations collectively position bricklayers as metaphors for societal foundation-building, from individual purpose to communal progress.

Notable Figures

Joseph Aspdin, an English bricklayer and inventor, patented Portland cement in 1824, revolutionizing mortar used in bricklaying by creating a stronger, more waterproof binding material that mimicked the durability of Portland stone.^[89] This innovation, developed through his experiments with limestone and clay heated in a kiln, significantly enhanced the quality and longevity of brick structures, enabling larger-scale construction projects during the Industrial Revolution.^[90] In the modern era, John J. Flynn served as president of the International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers (BAC) from 1999 to 2010, advocating for improved labor rights, training programs, and safety standards for bricklayers across North America.^[91] As a fourth-generation bricklayer himself, Flynn's leadership expanded apprenticeship opportunities and established the John J. Flynn BAC/IMI International Training Center in 2007, which has trained thousands in advanced masonry techniques.^[92] Award-winning bricklayers have gained international recognition through competitions like WorldSkills, showcasing exceptional precision and speed in masonry. For instance, Ashley Terron from the UK won gold in bricklaying at WorldSkills Leipzig 2013, setting a record score by constructing complex structures within strict time limits.^[93] Similarly, Philip Green secured gold in the same skill at WorldSkills London 2011, demonstrating mastery in wall-building and decorative elements under global scrutiny.^[94] Diverse contributors have broken barriers in the traditionally male-dominated trade, promoting inclusivity. Katie Smith became the first female bricklayer at Jelson Homes, a UK housebuilder with over 125 years of history, after completing her NVQ Level 2 qualification in 2019 and winning the Prince's Trust Young Achiever award for her perseverance in the field.^[95]

References

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Masonry Workers : Occupational Outlook Handbook
Masonry workers, also known as masons, use bricks, concrete and concrete blocks, and natural and manmade stones to build walkways, walls, and other ...
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Bricklayer Job Description: How to Become A Brickie - Go Construct
Bricklayers lay bricks, pre-cut stone and concrete blocks in mortar. They construct, extend and repair domestic and commercial buildings, and other structures.Missing: history | Show results with:history
[3]
The History of Bricks and Brickmaking
Man has used brick for building purpose for thousands of years. Bricks date back to 7000 BC, which makes them one of the oldest known building materials.
[4]
The History of Bricklaying - Millgrove Construction
Sep 17, 2020 · Bricklaying may seem like a modern invention, but it has actually been around for thousands of years. Read on as we go over its rich history.Missing: definition key
[5]
The History of Brick Masonry - Batchelder & Collins
Dec 6, 2022 · Bricks have a long legacy going back more than 10,000 years. Check out some interesting facts and trivia about the history of bricks and ...Missing: key | Show results with:key
[6]
BRICKLAYER | definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary
Oct 29, 2025 · BRICKLAYER meaning: 1. a person who builds walls or buildings using bricks, especially as a job 2. a person who builds…. Learn more.
[7]
What is a Bricklayer? | Spencer Clarke Group
A Bricklayer is a skilled tradesman who specialises in laying bricks and constructing brickwork such as walls, commercial buildings, residential buildings and ...
[8]
Difference Between A Mason And A Bricklayer?
Bricklayers are typically focused on construction using clay or concrete bricks, and blocks. Masons focus on construction involving stone, marble, granite, and ...
[9]
Construction Laborers and Helpers : Occupational Outlook Handbook
Construction laborers and helpers perform tasks, such as using, supplying, or holding materials or tools and cleaning work areas and equipment, ...Missing: bricklayer | Show results with:bricklayer
[10]
Bricklayer | Explore Careers - National Careers Service
Bricklayers build houses, repair walls and chimneys and refurbish decorative stonework. They also work on heritage and restoration projects.Missing: definition | Show results with:definition
[11]
Bricklayer - Etymology, Origin & Meaning
Origin and history of bricklayer also brick-layer, "one who builds with bricks," late 15c., from brick (n.) + layer in the original sense. Related: Bricklaying ...
[12]
bricklayer, n. meanings, etymology and more | Oxford English ...
The earliest known use of the noun bricklayer is in the Middle English period (1150—1500). OED's earliest evidence for bricklayer is from around 1442.
[13]
[PDF] MASONRY WORKER 3451 - LA City Personnel
A Masonry Worker may act as lead worker and assign and review the work of others. An employee of this class may be required to work at heights on scaffolding.
[14]
[PDF] preservation newsletter - masonry 101
Oct 2, 2019 · Below are examples of bond patterns and course work, some of which can be found in Columbia. 1. Flemish Bond. One of the more intricate bond ...
[15]
Bricklayer 1 apprenticeship - Mass.gov
Lays building materials, such as brick, structural tile, and concrete cinder, glass, gypsum, and terra cotta block (except stone) to construct or repair walls.
[16]
[PDF] Pages 73-96 - The Appearance of Bricks in Ancient Mesopotamia By ...
Sumerians mastered the art of civic construction perfectly. They raised great buildings, made of bricks (Ziggurats, temples, and palaces) richly decorated with ...
[17]
Ziggurat | Definition, History, & Facts - Britannica
Oct 11, 2025 · ziggurat · How were ziggurats built in ancient Mesopotamia? · What was the religious purpose of ziggurats? · What happened to the ziggurats over ...
[18]
Mud-Brick Construction in Ancient Egypt | Middle East And North Africa
Mud-brick walls could be constructed directly on an unprepared ground surface, though more commonly were provided with brick foundations and wall footings laid ...
[19]
The Roman Brick Industry - UNRV.com
This innovation led to the development of vaulted ceilings and domes, expanding architectural possibilities. The Romans also introduced the segmental arch, ...
[20]
Medieval Guilds - World History Encyclopedia
Nov 14, 2018 · From the 12th century in France and Italy, 'craft' guilds began to form which were associations of master workers in craft industries. Cities ...
[21]
Bricks and the Industrial Revolution - Construction Physics
Sep 17, 2021 · By the late 1800s, mechanically made brick was common, but the machines hadn't had any impact on brick prices.
[22]
The History of Brick Building in England
Jan 4, 2024 · The brick-making industry became largely mechanised in order to manufacture the millions of bricks required to construct mills, factories, ...Missing: impact mechanized
[23]
https://heritagecalling.com/2024/01/04/the-history-of-brick-building-in-england/
[24]
Brick Finish Concrete Panels: Modern Day Masonry - BPDL
From the earliest rudimentary structures to the greatest constructions of the 20th century, brick and concrete have impacted the history of architecture ...Missing: components | Show results with:components
[25]
About Us | International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers
Since its founding in 1865, the International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers has actively fought to improve our members' quality of life – on ...
[26]
The Ancient Guild of Incorporated Brick and Stone Layers
Oct 30, 2022 · The Ancient Guild of Incorporated Brick and Stone Layers (AGIBS) traces its foundation all the way back to 1670 when it was founded as the Guild of Saint ...Missing: Europe | Show results with:Europe
[27]
Sustainable engineers Kenoteq are reinventing the brick - CNN
The bricks are then pressed in customized molds. Tinted with recycled pigments, they can be made in any color. Earlier this year, Kenoteq won its first ...
[28]
Sustainability - Brick Benefits
Energy efficient brick is 100% recyclable, made from Earth's natural resources, and durable enough to withstand the elements for decades.15% · Clay Brick Vs. The... · Compare Clay Brick To The...
[29]
Bricklaying robot brings automation to construction sites - Autodesk
Using Cartesian coordinates and parametric design, FBR's proprietary software transforms a wall structure modeled in CAD into brick metadata, with every brick ...
[30]
BIM for Masonry: The bricks and mortar industry enters the digital age
Jul 3, 2015 · The entire project, including the masonry, was built using BIM. The contracting team worked with the architect to develop a 3-D computer model.
[31]
Why China, Cambodia, and Vietnam Excel in High-Rise Construction
China, of course, continues to innovate with things like automated bricklaying machines, building information modeling, and high-speed elevators that allow ...
[32]
(PDF) Urbanization requires brick production. A case study from the ...
Aug 6, 2025 · The ever-growing demand for construction material reflects the rapid growth of urban settlements in vertical and horizontal dimensions as well ...Missing: masonry techniques
[33]
Bricklayer / Skills England
Aug 9, 2023 · Lay bricks to set dimensions and apply mortar with a trowel to completion. Shape and trim bricks/blocks using hammers, chisels and power tools.
[34]
[PDF] Facilitator Guide - CSDCI
Jul 17, 2024 · • Manual dexterity: Masons need excellent hand-eye coordination and the ability to work with precision. • Physical stamina: The job can be ...
[35]
[PDF] Dimensioning and Estimating Brick Masonry
It consists simply of multiplying the net wall area (gross areas less areas of openings) by known quantities of material required per square foot (square meter) ...
[36]
[PDF] 30 - Bonds and Patterns in Brickwork
There are five basic structural bonds commonly used today which create typical patterns. These are: Running bond, common or American bond, Flemish bond ...
[37]
Principles of Masonry Design - RoyMech
The effective height of a load bearing wall is assessed based on the relative stiffness of the elements of the structure connected to the wall together with ...
[38]
[PDF] Empirical Design of Brick Masonry
Masonry walls must conform to thickness requirements as well as lateral support and allowable stress requirements.
[39]
[PDF] Technical Notes 31 - Brick Masonry Arches
Arch: A form of construction in which masonry units span an opening by transferring vertical loads laterally to adjacent voussoirs and, thus, to the abutments.
[40]
[PDF] Preservation Brief 2: Repointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry ...
Analysis of unweathered portions of the historic mortar to which the new mortar will be matched can suggest appropriate mixes for the repointing mortar so that ...
[41]
None
Below is a merged summary of all segments on "Laying Fire-Resistant and Insulated Refractory Bricks," combining all techniques, mortars, considerations, and useful URLs into a comprehensive response. To handle the dense and detailed information efficiently, I’ve organized key data into tables where appropriate (e.g., for techniques, mortars, and considerations), while retaining narrative sections for broader context and qualitative details. This ensures all information is retained and presented clearly.
[42]
[PDF] Brick Masonry Details, Caps and Copings, Corbels and Racking
A corbel is defined as a shelf or ledge formed by projecting successive courses of masonry out from the face of the wall. Racking is defined as masonry in ...Missing: decorative string
[43]
. DECORATIVE BRICKWORK - NPS History
May 18, 1975 · decorative string courses such as those shown in. Figure 3.15, or in bands of multiple string courses, as shown in Figure 3.16. In either ...
[44]
[PDF] HELPER MASON VER 1.00
Identify, select and use of hand and measuring tools such as mason trowel, brick hammer, bluster chisel, comb hammer, straight edge, plumb bob, spirit level ...
[45]
[PDF] CHAPTER 2 - Bricklaying Tools - The Clay Brick Association
The short jointer is used to finish off the short, perpendicular or vertical joints on facebrick. This is a small trowel that looks like the bricklaying trowel ...Missing: hand | Show results with:hand
[46]
[PDF] Brick Mason - Participant Handbook
For bricklaying, this might include trowels, spirit levels, masonry saws, jointers, and line blocks. Fig. 6.1.3 Tools used by a Brick Mason. Page 226. 217.
[47]
Masonry Equipment Safety: Meeting New OSHA Standards with ...
Ensure that guards are in place, cords are intact, and moving parts are lubricated and functioning. Good housekeeping practices can prevent many injuries.
[48]
Frame & Brace Scaffolding - BETCO
One of the key features of utility frames is their modular design, which allows for quick and easy assembly and disassembly. The frames consist of vertical and ...Missing: lifting | Show results with:lifting
[49]
[PDF] A Guide to Scaffold Use in the Construction Industry - OSHA
OSHA's scaffolding standard defines a competent person as “one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working.Missing: bricklayer | Show results with:bricklayer
[50]
https://scaffold.com/betco-products/frame-brace-scaffolding/
[51]
Education & Training
The International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers' apprenticeship and training system is widely recognized for producing highly skilled ...
[52]
Occupation Finder: Brickmasons and Blockmasons | Apprenticeship ...
Bricklayer, Firebrick & Refractory. RAPIDS code: 0706 · Estimated Length: 4 Years ; Chimney Repairer. RAPIDS code: 0849.
[53]
NCCER Masonry Level 1 - Craven Community College
The 197.5 clock hour course is broken down into topics including: introduction to masonry, masonry safety, masonry tools and equipment, mortar, masonry units ...
[54]
Program: Masonry and Concrete Construction (CMCSD)
Graduation Requirement: 27.0 credit hrs. This career certificate supplies students with knowledge and skills to begin a career in masonry as well as supplies ...
[55]
Masonry Training & Programs For High School Students | LCTI
May 13, 2024 · Practicing job-site safety, constructing scaffolds, cleaning brickwork, reading blueprints and working up material and labor estimates are ...
[56]
Masonry | Buckeye Career Center
Construct intricate brick, stone, concrete, and tile structures from detailed blueprints. Install foundation and ornamental design at the student-built ...
[57]
Career Guide: How to become a Bricklayer - BuildStream
On-the-Job Training. For those who prefer a more informal route, starting as a laborer or a mason's helper can also lead to becoming a bricklayer. This pathway ...Missing: mentorship | Show results with:mentorship
[58]
National Mason Contractor Certification
The initial fee for certification is $600.00 for members / $850.00 for non-members. The fee includes all tracking services and exam fee (up to three exams). The ...
[59]
Occupational trade qualifications (NVQ level 2 and 3) - CITB
NVQ level 2 and 3 qualifications are available for trades like roofing, carpentry, and plant maintenance, with one-to-one assessments at work.
[60]
Renew or replace a CSCS card
It's easy to renew by logging in to your CSCS Online account. CSCS cards can only be renewed six months prior to, and up to six months after, the expiry date.
[61]
Masonry Contractor Company Licenses - Harbor Compliance
It is also beneficial for masonry contractor companies to obtain a certification from the Mason Contractor Association of America (MCAA). While the program ...
[62]
How to become a brickmason - CareerExplorer
Masonry Certification from the Mason Contractors Association of America (MCAA): The MCAA offers several certifications for bricklayers, including the ...
[63]
[PDF] Bricklayers and lumbar disc disease
The literature indicates low back problems occur in bricklayers, with 93% of their work time bending and twisting the body or doing repetitive motions. ( A ...
[64]
On-the-Job Injuries Among Bricklayers and Masons
Sep 15, 2014 · An average mason lays 1,000 bricks a day; the result can be significant repetitive motion strain. Suffering cuts, head injuries and broken ...
[65]
How Much Does a Brick Weigh? Common Types Compared
Discover different brick types, their uses, dimensions, and weight, including options like thin, concrete, and specialty bricks.
[66]
(PDF) Hand-Arm Vibration Exposure: An Occupation Hazard for ...
Jan 10, 2024 · Hand Arm Vibration has adverse effects on the physical abilities of construction workers who perform activities that require the use of ...
[67]
https://www.realthinbrick.com/post/how-much-does-a-brick-weigh
[68]
[PDF] OSHA-Controlling-Silica-Exposure-in-Construction.pdf
Studies show that using a stationary masonry saw to cut bricks, concrete blocks and similar mate- rials can result in hazardous levels of airborne silica if ...
[69]
[PDF] OSHA's Respirable Crystalline Silica Standard for Construction
Workers who are exposed to respirable crystalline silica dust are at increased risk of developing serious silica-related diseases. OSHA's standard requires ...
[70]
[PDF] Safety Data Sheet (SDS) – Masonry Cement Mortars - Spec Mix
Feb 2, 2024 · Skin burns and irritation may be caused by brief exposure, though often are caused by extended exposure of 15 minutes, an hour, or longer. ...
[71]
https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/OSHA3681.pdf
[72]
Injury Stats in Concrete & Masonry Construction (U.S.) - VelSafe
Jul 25, 2025 · Over 30% of deaths in concrete and masonry involve a fall. Struck-by or Crushed. Workers may be hit by falling blocks or bricks; Structures may ...
[73]
https://www.osha.gov/stop-falls
[74]
Heat Stress in Construction - CDC Blogs
May 21, 2020 · Construction workers exposed to hot environments or extreme heat can be at risk of heat-related illnesses (HRIs) and injuries.
[75]
https://www.osha.gov/emergency-preparedness/guides/heat-stress
[76]
[PDF] Fall Protection in Construction - OSHA
For example, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that there were 291 fatal falls to a lower level in construction in 2013, out of 828 total fatalities. ...
[77]
https://www.osha.gov/personal-protective-equipment/construction
[78]
[PDF] Materials Handling and Storage - OSHA
safe manual lifting techniques. Training programs on proper lifting techniques should cover the following topics: □. Health risks of improper lifting ...
[79]
[PDF] Musculoskeletal hazards and controls: Masonry - IHSA
▻ Avoid work in constricted spaces that force workers into awkward postures. ▻ When you can, rotate to other tasks that don't involve repetitive movement of the ...
[80]
https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/osha2236.pdf
[81]
https://www.ihsa.ca/PDFs/Products/Id/W301.pdf
[82]
The Three Bricklayers Story - Sketchplanations
Dec 22, 2024 · The Three Bricklayers story, or 3 Bricklayers Parable, is about the meaning, vision, leadership, and motivation of work.
[83]
Eighteenth century labouring-class writing | Great Writers Inspire
May 24, 2012 · Robert Tatersal depicted life as a bricklayer in 'The Bricklayer's Labours' while Mary Collier wrote about the daily labours of working wives ...
[84]
Bricklayer movies | Best and New films
Bricklayer movies: The Bricklayer (2023), The Bricklayers (1976), Man of Marble (1977), Do Not Disturb (2014), Charlots Go to Spain (1972), Morgiana (1972), ...
[85]
The Bricklayer (2023) - IMDb
Rating 5.2/10 (13,500) Aaron Eckhart · Steve Vail ; Nina Dobrev · Kate Bannon ; Clifton Collins Jr. Victor Radek ; Tim Blake Nelson · CIA Director O'Malley ; Ilfenesh Hadera · Tye Delson.Full cast & crew · The Bricklayer · The Bricklayer - Production... · Parents guide
[86]
Brickies - BBC Three
The bricklayers are building their lives brick by brick. But under pressure, who's going to thrive with all the drama? On iPlayer ...
[87]
Portland Cement - Joseph Aspdin • Originating in Leeds - MyLearning
Aspdin was granted a patent for 'Portland cement' in 1824 (GB 5022), which specified: 'An improvement in the modes of producing an artificial stone'. Aspdin ...
[88]
Joseph Aspdin (1778–1855) - Biography – ERIH
Portland cement was stronger and more waterproof than traditional lime mortars. It was invented by Joseph Aspdin and patented in 1824. Aspdin was a bricklayer ...
[89]
John Flynn Retires as President of the International Union of ...
Feb 22, 2010 · Flynn, President of the International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers announced his retirement today at the winter meeting of the ...
[90]
The International Masonry Institute (IMI)
IMI operates the John J. Flynn BAC/IMI International Training Center ... International Union of Bricklayers & Allied Craftworkers. 620 F Street NW
[91]
Best in the world! The British brickie and cabinet maker who won gold
Jul 10, 2013 · Bricklayer Ashley Terron took gold and secured a record number of points in his event. The 21-year-old from Warrington had 22 hours spread over three-and-a- ...
[92]
[PDF] Phillip achieved Gold Medal in bricklaying at WorldSkills London ...
Phillip achieved Gold Medal in bricklaying at WorldSkills London 2011 where more than 150,000 spectators from across the world watched 1,000 young skilled ...
[93]
Inspirational Woman: Katie Smith | First female bricklayer at Jelson ...
May 8, 2019 · My name is Katie Smith, I am 30 years old, recently qualified nvq level 2 as a bricklayer, making me Jelson Homes' first female bricklayer since ...