Fact-checked by Grok 2 weeks ago
References
-
[1]
Cameron Kasky: Fighting for Gun Reform | MY HEROOct 21, 2024 · Cameron Kasky was born on November 11, 2000, and grew up in Parkland, Florida, where he attended the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School.Missing: facts | Show results with:facts
-
[2]
Cameron Kasky Biography | Booking Info for Speaking EngagementsCameron Kasky is an American activist and advocate against gun violence. He is a survivor of the February 2018 mass shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High ...Missing: facts | Show results with:facts
-
[3]
Hire Cameron Kasky to Speak | Get Pricing And AvailabilityCameron Kasky first rose to national attention as a high school student and one of the founding organizers of the March for Our Lives movement. Born and raised ...Missing: biography facts<|separator|>
-
[4]
Cameron Kasky | Keppler SpeakersCameron Kasky is an American activist and advocate against gun violence who co-founded the student-led gun control advocacy group Never Again MSD.Missing: biography facts
-
[5]
A leader's journey: March for Our Lives activist encourages students ...Feb 26, 2019 · At age 17, Cameron Kasky took on an unprecedented leadership role after the 2018 mass shooting at his high school in Parkland, Florida.Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
-
[6]
Cameron Kasky: How being a student gun control activist took its tollFeb 12, 2019 · Cameron Kasky was a leader of the youth movement against gun control after the Parkland school massacre. Eventually the strain caught up ...Missing: biography facts
-
[7]
Cameron Kasky Is Rethinking the Role of Activism - Men's HealthSep 16, 2020 · Two years after the Parkland shooting resulted in 17 deaths at his school, Kasky is committed to activism—even as his role in it becomes more ...
-
[8]
Parkland activists divided over David Hogg's pillow venture as ...Feb 11, 2021 · Cameron Kasky tweets 'everything ends up a grift' after Hogg launches Good Pillow to challenge Trump ally Mike Lindell.
-
[9]
Gun Control Advocate Cameron Kasky Endorses Andrew YangToday, March for Our Lives organizer and political activist Cameron Kasky endorsed Andrew Yang for president.
-
[10]
Cameron Kasky - Ethnicity of Celebs | EthniCelebs.comMar 27, 2018 · Birth Name · Cameron Marley Kasky ; Place of Birth · Hollywood, Florida, U.S. ; Date of Birth · November 11, 2000 ; Ethnicity · Ashkenazi Jewish.
-
[11]
Cameron Kasky - Age, Family, Bio | Famous BirthdaysCameron Kasky ; Birthday November 11 ; Birth Sign Scorpio ; Birthplace Florida ; Age 24 years old.
-
[12]
Cop who called Parkland kids 'actors' trained with one of their dadsApr 7, 2018 · ... He spent about a year in police academy with Jeff Kasky, the father of shooting survivor and student activist Cameron Kasky.
-
[13]
Parkland student: My generation won't stand for this (Opinion) | CNNFeb 15, 2018 · Cameron Kasky, a survivor of the Parkland shooting, writes that he is demanding Americans take action and vote those in the back pockets of ...
-
[14]
Cameron Kasky (@cameronkasky) • Instagram photos and videosIn Hebrew school, you learn about fascism a bit younger than the other kids. And you find yourself wondering, what would I do? #NoKings. Photo shared by ...
-
[15]
Activist & college student Cameron Kasky is queer & very much hereSep 16, 2021 · ... sisters, a brother, and numerous other extended family members. ... He was also the first person of Jewish background or faith to run on a major ...<|separator|>
-
[16]
How the Survivors of Parkland Began the Never Again MovementFeb 19, 2018 · Cameron Kasky is a theatre kid. Before he went on Anderson Cooper, he was best known as a class clown. “I'm a talker,” he told me. “The only thing I've had ...
-
[17]
The Spring Awakening of the Stoneman Douglas Theatre KidsFeb 23, 2018 · “I had heard that Cameron Kasky was now playing Melchior,” Sater wrote me yesterday. “He has been so eloquent and impassioned, alive with the ...
-
[18]
Parkland shooting: How the attack unfolded - BBCOct 12, 2022 · ... Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida. The gunman, Nikolas Cruz, was an expelled former student then aged 19. He pleaded ...
-
[19]
Summary and Timeline Related to Parkland Shooting InvestigationMar 20, 2018 · On February 14, 2018, at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, a former student allegedly shot 17 innocent people.
-
[20]
Florida school shooting timeline: Seven minutes, three floors and 17 ...Feb 16, 2018 · After firing into classrooms and at students in the hallways, Cruz dropped the weapon he had with him, an AR-15 weapon purchased legally one ...
-
[21]
Parkland shooting: Five years later, survivors speak out - USA TodayFeb 11, 2023 · David Hogg fine-tunes his kick-flip between classes at Harvard and his work building consensus around gun violence prevention. Cameron Kasky ...Missing: personal | Show results with:personal
-
[22]
Parkland shooting investigation finds radio issues delayed police ...Jul 12, 2018 · Parkland shooting investigation finds radio issues delayed police response. "If anyone is going to criticize anybody we need to know what that ...Missing: facts | Show results with:facts
-
[23]
The School Shooting Generation Has Had Enough - Time MagazineMar 22, 2018 · After the shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, teens in Parkland, Florida, have taken on the gun-reform debate in full force.
-
[24]
Trump: FBI 'spending too much time' on Russia inquiry and missed ...Feb 18, 2018 · Cameron Kasky, a junior at the school, said the march will ... The FBI has said the tip about Cruz should have been investigated ...
- [25]
-
[26]
Our Origin Story - March For Our LivesThese are the courageous young people who founded March For Our Lives: Adam Alhanti Alex Wind Alfonso Calderon Bradley Thornton Brendan Duff Cameron Kasky
-
[27]
'March For Our Lives' Cost $5 Million; 'Several Million' Left For ... - NPRincluding from household name celebrities ...
-
[28]
The March for Our Lives Activists Showed Us How to Find Meaning ...March for Our Lives now has more than 60 official chapters, and Corin told me that in 2019 she expects that to grow into the hundreds. One priority will be to ...Missing: organizational structure
-
[29]
March For Our Lives - CREDO DonationsWe fund progressive nonprofit groups that share our progressive values and work for social change. We primarily fund organizations that fall within six broad ...Missing: sources donors
-
[30]
Mission & Vision - March For Our LivesApr 21, 2025 · Mobilizing young people nationwide to end gun violence. March For Our Lives rallies outside the Capitol to demand an assault weapon ban. Our ...
-
[31]
Parkland town hall: Students call for ban on assault-style guns, NRA ...Feb 22, 2018 · High school students who a week ago were running from gunfire pointedly demanded change Wednesday night from Washington and the National Rifle Association.
-
[32]
Survivor to Rubio: Will you reject NRA money? - YouTubeFeb 21, 2018 · Cameron Kasky, one of the students who survived the shooting at Stoneman Douglas high school, asks Sen. Marco Rubio (R-FL) if the senator ...
-
[33]
March for Our Lives was one of the biggest youth protests since ...in Washington, DC — drew anywhere from 200,000 to 800,000 people, depending on whether you believe the low-end number put ...
-
[34]
User Clip: March For Our Lives Rally: Cameron Kasky - C-SPANMar 24, 2018 · Thousands gathered in downtown Washington, DC for the "March for Our Lives" rally. An estimated 800 similar marches happened around the world.<|separator|>
-
[35]
March for Our Lives Highlights: Students Protesting Guns Say ...Mar 24, 2018 · Demonstrators flooded streets across the globe in public protests on Saturday, calling for action against gun violence.
-
[36]
National School Walkout: Thousands Protest Against Gun Violence ...Mar 14, 2018 · With that, hundreds of students streamed out of their classrooms and into the neighborhood, marching past modest brick homes, a Walgreens and ...
-
[37]
How the Parkland Students Pulled off a Massive National Protest in ...Feb 1, 2019 · Learn about the movement to end gun violence launched by Parkland students after the mass shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School.<|separator|>
-
[38]
That Time The CDC Asked About Defensive Gun Uses - ForbesApr 30, 2018 · Almost all national survey estimates indicate that defensive gun uses by victims are at least as common as offensive uses by criminals, with ...
-
[39]
12 Defensive Gun Uses Show That Armed Citizens Make ...Almost every major study has found that Americans use their firearms in self-defense between 500,000 and 3 million times annually, as the Centers for Disease ...
-
[40]
Effects of Background Checks on Mass Shootings - RAND(2020a) analyzed the relationship of universal background check laws with the occurrence of any mass public shooting incident, defined as an incident ...
-
[41]
The Effects of Gun-Free Zones - RANDIn theory, gun-free zones reduce or eliminate the presence of guns in these areas, thereby eliminating the risk of unintentional firearm injuries from ...
-
[42]
[PDF] The Effects of Gun-Free Zones and Mass ShootingsCertain research indicates that it is not effective and that authorizing individuals to carry firearms in schools could serve as a deterrent to school shootings ...
-
[43]
Senate Bill 7026 (2018) - The Florida SenateFeb 27, 2018 · SB 7026, the "Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School Public Safety Act," authorizes grants for student crime watch, establishes the Office of ...
-
[44]
[PDF] The Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School Public Safety ActThe Act expands mental health support, creates a 3-day waiting period for firearm purchases, restricts purchases to those over 21, and prohibits bump-fire ...
-
[45]
Law - Florida SenateThis act may be cited as the “Marjory Stoneman 302 Douglas High School Public Safety Act. ... 2018, at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in 2717 Broward County ...Missing: MFOL | Show results with:MFOL<|separator|>
-
[46]
The Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School Public Safety ActThe Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School Public Safety Act (SB 7026) is a legislative enactment seeking to make Florida schools safer and keep firearms out of ...
-
[47]
After Parkland, States Pass 50 New Gun-Control Laws - Stateline.orgAug 2, 2018 · States across the country, including 14 with Republican governors, enacted 50 new laws restricting access to guns in the wake of the Stoneman Douglas shooting ...
-
[48]
2018 Brought A 'Tectonic Shift' In The Gun Control Movement ... - NPRDec 26, 2018 · Florida Gov. Rick Scott signed the Marjory Stoneman Douglas Public Safety Act in March, just weeks after the Parkland, Fla., shooting. The ...
-
[49]
Bump stock ban: What it means for owners | CNN PoliticsMar 25, 2019 · A federal ban on bump stocks – attachments that essentially allow shooters to fire semiautomatic rifles continuously with one pull of the ...
-
[50]
Bump Stocks | Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and ExplosivesPlease note that although non-mechanical bump stocks are no longer prohibited as a machine gun under federal law, certain state and local laws still prohibit ...How to Destroy · Bump Stock Q&As · Small Entity Compliance Guide
-
[51]
6 things to know about the Supreme Court's decision on bump stocksJun 14, 2024 · Bump stock owners were given until March 2019 to surrender or destroy them. What did the justices say? The 6-3 majority opinion written by ...
-
[52]
Extreme Risk Laws Save Lives | Everytown Research & PolicySince then, 16 states and Washington, DC, have passed Extreme Risk laws, bringing the total number of states with these laws to 21.Introduction · Extreme Risk Petitions Filed by... · Key Findings · Conclusion
-
[53]
Florida's Red Flag Gun Law and Homicide and Suicide Mortality RatesAug 19, 2024 · Across the postlaw period, Florida's red flag law was associated with an 11% reduction in firearm homicide rates (mean MRR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.79- ...
-
[54]
Red Flag Laws May Reduce the Growing Burden of Firearm ...Aug 28, 2024 · Florida's red flag gun law, which was enacted in response to the 2018 Parkland mass shooting, was associated with an 11 percent reduction in firearm homicide ...
-
[55]
Gun Violence ArchiveMAY 1...Report of first four months: YTD deaths DOWN 866, injuries DOWN 1,901. Mass Shootings down to pre COVID levels. Gun Violence ...Mass Shootings in 2025 · Number of Deaths in 2025 · Mass Murders in 2025 · KilledMissing: trend | Show results with:trend
-
[56]
How mass shootings in 2025 compare to past years - CNNCNN is tracking mass shootings in the United States using data from the Gun Violence Archive, a nonprofit group formed in 2013 to track gun-related violence ...
-
[57]
What Science Tells Us About the Effects of Gun Policies - RANDRAND researchers have systematically reviewed empirical research on the effects of 13 types of state-level gun policies on eight outcomes, ...
-
[58]
What the data says about gun deaths in the US | Pew Research CenterMar 5, 2025 · Rifles – the category that includes guns sometimes referred to as “assault weapons” – were involved in 4% of firearm murders. Shotguns were ...
-
[59]
School Shootings This Year: How Many and Where - Education WeekJan 22, 2025 · There have been 234 such shootings since 2018 . There were 39 school shootings with injuries or deaths last year . There were 38 in 2023 , 51 in ...Missing: trends | Show results with:trends<|separator|>
-
[60]
Gunfire on School Grounds in the United States - Everytown ResearchIn 2025 there were at least 118 incidents of gunfire on school grounds, resulting in 36 deaths and 108 injuries nationally.Missing: trends | Show results with:trends
-
[61]
Gun violence data puts recent high-profile shootings in context - NPRSep 17, 2025 · Are mass shootings becoming more frequent? There's no universal definition for a mass shooting, so data can vary based on the number of victims ...
-
[62]
'March for Our Lives' protests against gun violence sweep nation ...Jun 11, 2022 · 'March for Our Lives' protests against gun violence sweep nation following hundreds of mass shootings. Protesters will be participating in more ...Missing: initial mission
-
[63]
The Consequences of Deinstutionalizing the Severely Mentally IllFeb 5, 2019 · ... violent crime. Particularly with regard to gun violence, states can counteract the consequences of deinstitutionalization by providing ...
-
[64]
How Mass Deinstitutionalization Harmed the Mentally IllFeb 12, 2019 · Several studies have found that having fewer psychiatric beds is associated with higher crime rates, including for violent crimes such as murder ...
-
[65]
Five Facts About Mass Shootings in K-12 SchoolsAug 22, 2022 · 2. Everyone can help prevent school mass shootings. Most individuals who carry out a K-12 mass shooting are insiders, with some connection to ...
-
[66]
School Shooters: Patterns of Adverse Childhood Experiences ...School shootings are events that can shatter an entire community and leave generations of students and adults devastated. A school shooting is the discharge of ...
-
[67]
Mental Illness, Mass Shootings, and the Future of Psychiatric ... - NIHJan 8, 2021 · Existing scientific evidence paints a complex—if incomplete—picture of the causes of mass shootings and other acts of serious violence. ... Most ...
-
[68]
How Many Guns in the U.S.: All About America's Firearms in 2024Jul 14, 2025 · Firearms in circulation are estimated to be over 500 million in the US, meaning there are roughly 1.5 firearms for every person in the country and about 1.93 ...Methodology · How Many Illegal Guns in the... · How Many Handguns in the U.S.
-
[69]
The Effects of the 1996 National Firearms Agreement in Australia on ...Kotowski, “The Demand for Protection and the Persistently High Rates of Gun Violence ... Roth, “The Impact of the 1994 Federal Assault Weapon Ban on Gun Violence ...Missing: UK | Show results with:UK
-
[70]
Weapons and violence: How does Australia stack up against other ...Aug 9, 2025 · Graph showing rates of assault and robbery involving a knife in Australia In NSW, data from the Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research ...
-
[71]
March for Our Lives applauds bipartisan gun safety bill - The HillJun 21, 2022 · Student-led organization March for Our Lives praised the Senate bipartisan gun safety bill on Tuesday, saying the new bill is “what progress ...Missing: criticisms limited internal
-
[72]
Impact Report - March For Our LivesOver 250 gun safety laws have been passed since March For Our Lives [MFOL] was founded, billions of dollars have been committed to lifesaving programs.Missing: organizational structure decentralized
-
[73]
Gun Control Group Pledges $2.5 Million to Sponsor March for Our ...Mar 19, 2018 · Everytown for Gun Safety, America's most prominent gun control advocacy group, has committed $2.5 million in grants to underwrite 500 “sibling marches.”Missing: funding orchestration
-
[74]
Everytown Continues to Support Student Organizers Following ...Mar 26, 2018 · The new resources announced today build on the grants of $5,000 that Everytown made to more than 200 local organizers to support March for Our ...
-
[75]
March For Our Lives Action Fund - InfluenceWatchThe March for Our Lives Action Fund emerged from the March for Our Lives gun control rally held in Washington on March 24, 2018 in the wake of a mass shooting.
-
[76]
March for Our Lives Action Fund Outside Spending - OpenSecretsMar 19, 2025 · Total Independent Expenditures: $80,542. For Democrats: $80,542. Against Democrats: $0. For Republicans: $0. Against Republicans: $0 ...
-
[77]
NRA's Wayne LaPierre accuses Democrats of exploiting Parkland ...Feb 22, 2018 · NRA's Wayne LaPierre accuses Democrats of exploiting Parkland shooting in speech ... At CPAC 2018, LaPierre warned conservatives against " ...
-
[78]
Students Who Lived Through Florida Shooting Turn Rage Into ActivismFeb 18, 2018 · After the latest mass shooting, teenagers in Florida are mobilizing with plans for rallies against school and gun violence in Washington, ...Missing: debate | Show results with:debate
-
[79]
'The NRA are fearmongers': students excoriate gun group and ...Mar 25, 2018 · Students from Marjory Stoneman Douglas high school accused the National Rifle Association on Sunday of exploiting people's fears to sell ...
- [80]
-
[81]
Fact-checking the March For Our Lives - PolitiFactMar 24, 2018 · They held signs calling for new gun restrictions and wrote "Never Again" and "Don't Shoot" on their hands. PolitiFact fact-checked many of the ...Missing: scripted narratives
-
[82]
“March for Our Lives” Rallies Were AstroTurf, Based on LiesMar 26, 2018 · The far-left Washington Post called it an “anti-gun-violence rally organized by students.” ABC news lied to viewers when it claimed the march ...
-
[83]
Parkland students don't speak for my generationThis campaign, organized and funded by national gun control groups, has exploited a handful of grieving teens from the Parkland, Florida high school shooting ...
-
[84]
Florida Shooting Survivor Leaving Facebook Following Death ThreatsFeb 21, 2018 · Cameron Kasky, one of the survivors of the Florida school shooting, is being harassed online. · He says he's quit Facebook because of death ...Missing: backlash | Show results with:backlash
- [85]
- [86]
-
[87]
What happens to the survivors? - American Psychological AssociationSep 1, 2018 · The National Center for PTSD estimates that 28 percent of people who have witnessed a mass shooting develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) ...
-
[88]
Mitigating the mental health consequences of mass shootings - NIHJul 22, 2022 · Our model estimated that the overall PTSD prevalence in the community following the Parkland shooting was 11.3% (95% CI: 11.1–11.5%). In the ...Missing: empirical | Show results with:empirical
-
[89]
March for Our Lives co-founder Cameron Kasky leaves group - AxiosSep 20, 2018 · Cameron Kasky, a survivor of the school shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School and a co-founder of March for Our Lives, has left the group.Missing: steps away announcement
-
[90]
March For Our Lives founder leaves the group, regrets trying to ...Sep 20, 2018 · Kasky said his decision to leave March For Our Lives was not due to philosophical differences or a change in his political views.Missing: away announcement
-
[91]
Parkland Survivor Regrets Being 'Propped Up as an Expert' by the ...Sep 21, 2018 · Parkland Survivor Regrets Being 'Propped Up as an Expert' by the Media. Cameron Kasky speaks to protesters at a Call To Action Against Gun ...
-
[92]
In Wake of Oxford School Shooting, Parkland Survivor Opens Up ...Dec 2, 2021 · Parkland survivor and gun control advocate Cameron Kasky reflected on his activism and opened up about regrets he had about spearheading the youth movement on ...
-
[93]
Cameron Kasky talks mental health, gun violence and activismFeb 15, 2020 · I do not think that gun control is number one on the list of things to look for in this election cycle,” said Cameron Kasky in his speech ...<|control11|><|separator|>
-
[94]
'It was culture': Gen Z activist details how 'unhinged' Trump won his ...Apr 11, 2025 · Activist Cameron Kasky said during an appearance on CNN that young white men think Democrats are "leaving" them out and MAGA is able to manipulate them.Missing: analysis | Show results with:analysis
-
[95]
Gen Z's Political Shift: Why Young Voters Are Turning on Democrats ...Aug 16, 2025 · Cameron Kasky and Tim Miller are joined by "nerdy, abundance-pilled centrist zoomer" Laksha Jain, co-founder of Split Ticket, to unpack the ...Missing: commentator | Show results with:commentator
-
[96]
LEMON DROP | Cameron Kasky on the State of American Politics ...Sep 15, 2025 · Don Lemon sits down with activist Cameron Kasky for a wide-ranging conversation on some of the biggest issues shaping America right now.Missing: moderation 2018-2020
-
[97]
Cameron Kasky, a survivor of the 2018 mass shooting at Marjory ...May 25, 2022 · Cameron Kasky, a survivor of the 2018 mass shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas ... Theatre. "Although I'll be saying farewell to the stage ...
-
[98]
Talking With A Parkland Survivor About Gun Control - YouTubeMay 26, 2022 · Cameron Kasky came on the stream to talk about the recent school shooting in Uvalde, Texas with a more personal perspective on the subject ...
-
[99]
A School Shooting Survivor Shares 4 Ways You Can Make a ...Jun 10, 2022 · Cameron Kasky is a Parkland shooting survivor and an advocate against gun violence. Kasky says the weight of being a survivor negatively impacts ...Missing: biography facts
-
[100]
Cameron Kasky | Keynote Speaker | AAE Speakers BureauApr 11, 2024 · Cameron Kasky is a 17-year-old junior at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School. He and his brother Holden survived Wednesday's school shooting at ...Missing: facts | Show results with:facts
-
[101]
Who Will Emerge as Jerry Nadler's Successor? - The IndypendentSep 17, 2025 · ... Democratic primary. With his City Council seat term-limited at the ... Cameron Kasky has all but announced he's running for this seat.
-
[102]
Trump tries to get New Hampshire to knuckle under on redistrictingSep 19, 2025 · Gun safety activist Cameron Kasky, who survived the 2018 ... Democratic primary for New York's open 12th District. Kasky, who co ...<|separator|>
-
[103]
Cameron Kasky on X: "I wonder if New York's 12th congressional ...Cameron Kasky · @camkasky. I wonder if New York's 12th congressional district could use some young blood. 1:39 AM · Sep 4, 2025. ·. 12.9K.Missing: 2026 motivations
-
[104]
After Coming Out, Cameron Kasky Is Embracing Ambiguity - Them.usOct 11, 2021 · The 20-year-old gun control activist opens up about his journey toward self-discovery after coming out earlier this year.
-
[105]
Parkland Activist Cameron Kasky Comes Out: 'I Wanted to Be Straight'Sep 13, 2021 · Kasky, now a student at New York's Columbia University, announced in his tweet that he's queer and indebted to past LGBTQ+ activists, especially ...
-
[106]
Parkland Survivor, LGBTQ+ Activist Cameron Kasky Comes Out As ...Sep 14, 2021 · After candidly admitting he doesn't know "what 'type' of queer" he is, Kasky went on to say that he is "finally okay" with his sexuality despite ...
-
[107]
Opinion | Congrats to Parkland survivor Cameron Kasky on coming outSep 17, 2021 · Gun control activist and Parkland massacre survivor Cameron Kasky chose to make his coming out announcement on Monday.Missing: scrutiny admissions
-
[108]
FINALLY girlfriend post!!! - InstagramApr 17, 2021 · Photo shared by Cameron Kasky on October 11, 2025 tagging @hannahprintz. May be. hannahprintz.
-
[109]
Mental health consequences of exposure to mass and non ... - NatureApr 23, 2025 · Estimates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in survivors of mass shootings range from 3% to 91%, depending in part on how the symptoms ...<|control11|><|separator|>
-
[110]
[PDF] Psychological Functioning and Community Support in Adolescents ...Additionally, research has demonstrated that rates of major depression can reach 71% in individuals exposed to a school shooting (Lowe & Galea, 2016).
-
[111]
Stress of mass shootings causing cascade of collective traumasJul 11, 2022 · One study of 44 school shootings found that antidepressant use increased more than 20% among young people who lived within 5 miles of a shooting ...