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Canton

Canton is the historical English name for Guangzhou (Chinese: 广州; pinyin: Guǎngzhōu), the capital and largest city of Guangdong Province in southern China.^[1] Situated on the Pearl River about 120 km (75 mi) north-northwest of Hong Kong and 145 km (90 mi) southeast of Shaoguan, it serves as a major transport hub and the core of the Pearl River Delta megalopolis, one of the world's most productive manufacturing and export zones.^[1] With an urban population estimated at 14.9 million in 2025, Guangzhou ranks among China's largest cities by urban residents and drives significant portions of national trade through events like the Canton Fair, the world's largest general merchandise fair.^[2] ^[3] Historically, Guangzhou—known to Europeans as Canton—emerged as a key gateway for foreign influence from the 3rd century CE, becoming the first Chinese port regularly visited by European traders and the exclusive site for Western commerce under the Qing dynasty's Canton System (1757–1842), which restricted foreign ships to this location to maintain imperial control over trade.^[1] ^[4] This system facilitated the exchange of silk, porcelain, and tea for silver and opium, profoundly influencing global trade patterns until its collapse amid the Opium Wars, after which additional ports opened under unequal treaties.^[4] The city's defining characteristics include its role as the cradle of Cantonese opera, dim sum cuisine, and the Yue dialect, which underpin the cultural identity of overseas Chinese communities worldwide. Economically, it excels in electronics, textiles, and automotive manufacturing, contributing to Guangdong's status as China's wealthiest province by GDP, though rapid urbanization has raised challenges in infrastructure and environmental management.^[3] ^[5]

Terminology and etymology

Origins and primary meanings

The term canton derives from Middle French canton, denoting a corner or edge, which traces back to Italian cantone and ultimately to Latin canthus, referring to the rim or tire of a wheel and evoking a border or angular division.^[6] This etymological root, appearing in Old French by the 13th century as a geometric concept of an angle or section, reflects an intuitive approach to partitioning space into discrete, bounded units for practical management.^[7] In its primary linguistic evolution, canton shifted from denoting a literal corner—such as in heraldry, where it describes a small square charge occupying the dexter chief of a shield since the 1570s—to a metaphorical territorial segment by the early 17th century.^[7] This usage emphasized subdivision into compact, edge-defined areas, distinct from expansive provinces by prioritizing granularity that aligns governance with localized conditions rather than uniform overlays. Empirical patterns in pre-modern European land division, where such units minimized coordination costs across heterogeneous terrains, underscore this causal logic: smaller segments enabled responsive rule-making grounded in direct observation, avoiding the distortions of remote edicts.^[8] The administrative connotation solidified canton as a small territorial division, often one notch below arrondissements or counties, with historical precedents in French departmental structures from the late 18th century onward, where it facilitated enumeration and fiscal allocation without diluting sovereignty into oversized jurisdictions.^[6] Unlike provinces, which aggregated diverse subregions under hierarchical oversight, cantons embodied a bottom-up partitioning that preserved operational efficiency, as evidenced by their persistence in systems requiring precise cadastral mapping and militia organization.^[9] This primary meaning persists in denoting self-contained districts conducive to decentralized authority, rooted in the term's foundational imagery of angular demarcation.

Administrative divisions

Swiss cantons

The Swiss Confederation consists of 26 cantons, each exercising sovereignty in areas not delegated to the federal government, as enshrined in the Federal Constitution of 1848, which established a federal state following the Sonderbund War and granted cantons primary authority over education, healthcare, taxation, and policing.^[10] This structure traces its origins to the 1291 Federal Charter alliance of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden, which evolved through medieval accessions and the 1815 Congress of Vienna's recognition of 22 cantons (including six demicantons—Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Nidwalden, and Obwalden—that hold full membership rights despite halved historical representation).^[11] The cantons' progressive incorporation, culminating in Jura's 1979 admission as the 23rd full canton amid linguistic separatism, underscores federalism's role in accommodating regional identities without central imposition.^[12] Cantonal autonomy manifests in direct democracy tools, including mandatory referendums on federal laws and optional referendums challenging parliamentary acts, alongside popular initiatives for constitutional amendments, which ensure citizen veto over policies and foster fiscal restraint through localized accountability.^[13] Inter-cantonal competition in tax rates and regulations—such as Zurich's low corporate taxes attracting financial services or rural cantons like those in the Jura emphasizing agriculture—drives policy innovation, with empirical studies linking fiscal decentralization to higher economic output and productivity gains across cantons.^[14] This contrasts with more centralized systems, where Switzerland's model correlates with sustained low public debt and efficient resource allocation, evidenced by cantonal variations in income tax burdens (e.g., Zug's rates under 12% versus Geneva's over 40%) spurring relocation of businesses and talent.^[15] Federalism's causal mechanism in averting internal strife is evident in post-Reformation accommodations, where cantonal self-rule allowed Catholic and Protestant regions to retain distinct religious establishments, preventing the ethnic-religious fractures that plagued unified states like France during its wars of religion.^[16] Linguistic diversity—German, French, Italian, and Romansh speakers distributed across cantons—similarly benefits from territorial autonomy, reducing secessionist pressures as seen in Jura's negotiated separation from Bern.^[17] These dynamics underpin Switzerland's enduring neutrality, formalized in 1815 but rooted in confederal consensus, contributing to geopolitical stability and economic prosperity, with GDP per capita reaching $89,783 in 2024, ranking among the world's highest and reflecting decentralized incentives over uniform mandates.^[18]^[19]

Cantons in other countries

In France, cantons function primarily as electoral subdivisions of arrondissements, each comprising multiple communes to facilitate the election of departmental councilors. Established by the National Constituent Assembly in 1790 amid revolutionary reorganization, the system groups territories for representation rather than granting significant autonomy, with oversight tightly controlled by the central government through prefects. As of 2023, France maintains approximately 2,054 cantons following a 2015 reform that halved their number to align populations more evenly for equity in voting, though this adjustment has not substantially devolved powers, resulting in a structure where local decisions remain subordinate to national directives and funding dependencies.^[20]^[21] Several Latin American countries adopted the canton model from French administrative influences during their independence eras, adapting it for municipal-level governance with varying degrees of decentralization. In Costa Rica, the 1848 constitution delineated 7 provinces subdivided into 82 cantons, each operating as an autonomous municipality led by an elected syndic (mayor) and legislative assembly responsible for local infrastructure, zoning, and services like waste management and education delivery. This setup has enabled empirical gains in local responsiveness, as evidenced by consistent electoral turnout exceeding 50% in cantonal elections and contributions to the country's sustained democratic stability since abolishing its military in 1948, though fiscal transfers from the central government—averaging 70% of municipal budgets—limit full independence and can foster dependency.^[22]^[23]^[24] In Ecuador, 24 provinces are divided into 222 cantons as of 2024, serving as the primary unit for municipal administration with elected mayors handling urban planning and basic services, subdivided further into parishes; however, provincial governors appointed by the president and national regulatory constraints often override local priorities, leading to documented coordination failures in resource allocation during events like the 2016 earthquake response.^[25]^[26] In the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 10 cantons were instituted in 1995 under the Dayton Accords to decentralize power along ethnic lines between Bosniaks and Croats, each with independent constitutions, parliaments, and budgets for education, health, and policing. This fragmentation aimed to mitigate post-war conflict through localized control but has empirically heightened administrative costs—cantonal spending constitutes over 60% of the federation's budget—and inefficiencies from duplicated bureaucracies, with audits revealing persistent overlaps and fiscal imbalances that exacerbate ethnic divisions rather than resolve them.^[27]^[28]

Places

China

Canton was the historical Western name for Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong province, stemming from the Portuguese "Cantão" adopted in the 16th century to denote the city's role in regional trade.^[29] From 1757 to 1842, under the Qing dynasty's Canton System, all sanctioned foreign commerce occurred exclusively at the Thirteen Factories, a designated enclave in Guangzhou where Western merchants interacted with Chinese hong merchants under strict imperial oversight.^[30]^[31] This monopoly channeled massive silver inflows into China—estimated at over 300 million taels between 1700 and 1800—driven by demand for exports like tea, silk, and porcelain, which fueled Qing fiscal stability but also bred inefficiencies from limited market access.^[32] The system's rigid controls, including seasonal trade restrictions and guild monopolies, exacerbated trade frictions, including rampant piracy that peaked between 1780 and 1810, disrupting maritime routes and imposing costs equivalent to 10-20% of cargo values on merchants.^[33] British efforts to rectify persistent imbalances—where silver outflows reversed post-1820 due to opium imports—culminated in the Opium Wars (1839–1842 and 1856–1860), conflicts precipitated by Qing enforcement of bans against opium smuggling amid the Canton monopoly's constraints on legal alternatives.^[34] These events, grounded in causal pressures from protectionist policies and asymmetric exchange rather than unilateral provocation, dismantled the Canton System via treaties like Nanjing (1842), opening additional ports and curtailing imperial trade exclusivity.^[35] After the People's Republic of China's founding in 1949, "Canton" largely ceased usage in official contexts, supplanted by Guangzhou's pinyin romanization, as the city anchored the Pearl River Delta's transformation into a manufacturing powerhouse with GDP exceeding 2.5 trillion yuan by 2020, propelled by export-oriented industries.^[36] The biannual Canton Fair, launched in spring 1957 at Guangzhou's Sino-Soviet Friendship Hall, evolved into China's premier export platform, facilitating over 200,000 exhibitors and $30 billion in annual deals by facilitating initial post-Mao liberalization.^[37] Yet, persistent state dominance—evident in over 60% of Guangdong's large enterprises being state-owned—has faced critique for crowding out private R&D, with data showing state firms patenting at rates 20-30% below private counterparts amid regulatory barriers to experimentation.^[38]^[39]

United States

Numerous communities in the United States are named Canton, with at least 28 such places identified across the country, primarily towns, townships, or unincorporated areas in states including Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Vermont, and Wisconsin.^[40] This naming convention arose in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, post-American Revolution, as settlers and founders drew inspiration from Guangzhou, China—known in English as Canton—the epicenter of lucrative global trade in silk, tea, and porcelain, evoking Enlightenment-era admiration for distant commercial hubs amid U.S. westward expansion and maritime commerce.^[41] Most Cantons remain small, rural, or suburban locales with agricultural or manufacturing roots, though some have grown into regional centers; the pattern underscores early American Anglophone transliteration of foreign toponyms rather than direct administrative emulation.^[42] Canton, Ohio, exemplifies this trend with historical and economic prominence: laid out in 1805 by surveyor Bezaleel Wells, who named it Canton as a memorial to Irish-American trader John O'Donnell, whose estate and ventures evoked the Chinese port's trade legacy.^[43] The city, incorporated as a village in 1822 and city in 1838, developed through iron manufacturing and railroads, later hosting the Pro Football Hall of Fame, which opened on September 7, 1963, to honor the sport's origins partly tied to Canton's role in the 1920 founding of the American Professional Football Association (predecessor to the NFL).^[44] Canton, Massachusetts, one of the earliest, was incorporated on February 23, 1797, after separating from Stoughton, with residents selecting the name Canton over alternatives like "Freedom" or "Danbury," likely referencing the Chinese city amid local involvement in transatlantic and China trade networks.^[45] Primarily rural with early textile and shoe industries, it retains historical sites linked to Revolutionary-era figures and antipodal geographic lore tying it symbolically to Guangzhou.^[41] Canton Charter Township, Michigan, organized on March 7, 1834, from Plymouth Township, follows the China-inspired naming alongside nearby Nankin and Plymouth, reflecting midwestern settlement patterns fueled by the Erie Canal's 1825 opening, which spurred migration and farming; it has since suburbanized into a populous area with automotive and logistics economies.^[46] Other notable instances include Canton, Georgia (established 1834 as a county seat with textile heritage), Canton, Illinois (coal and manufacturing hub founded 1853), and Canton, New York (rural college town since 1805), each echoing the trade-admiration motif without uniform urban trajectories.^[47]

Canada

In Quebec, the term canton denotes a township, serving as a cadastral division in the land survey system established by British authorities after 1763 to organize settlement outside the traditional seigneurial estates. These cantons typically encompass roughly 100 square kilometers of land, subdivided into lots for agricultural and residential use, and the nomenclature persists in legal property descriptions and municipal names post-Confederation in 1867.^[48] This framework supported decentralized rural development, with small populations integrated into regional municipalities; for instance, the Canton de Melbourne covers 173 square kilometers and reported 1,148 residents in its latest municipal profile.^[49] Beyond Quebec's systemic use, discrete places named Canton exist as minor rural settlements. In Ontario, Canton is an unincorporated hamlet in Northumberland County, located several kilometers north of Port Hope along County Road 10. Settled in the early 19th century, it preserves structures like a wooden chapel erected in 1832—one of the region's oldest—and a historic grist mill, indicative of its agrarian origins tied to early land surveys employing township grids similar to those in Quebec.^[50] The community remains sparsely populated, with no formal municipal status, relying on adjacent Port Hope for services while maintaining empirical stability through low-density land use and local oversight.^[51] A locality named Canton also appears in Victoria County, New Brunswick, situated in a rural area near Burgess Settlement, though it lacks significant development or documented historical landmarks beyond basic geographic notation. Overall, Canadian instances of the name Canton are fewer and more obscure than in the United States, often reflecting survey terminology rather than independent urban growth.

Other locations

Canton is a district and community in western Cardiff, Wales, encompassing an area of 3.106 km² with a population of 16,146 as of the 2021 census, yielding a density of 5,198 persons per km².^[52] It originated as an agricultural suburb in the early 19th century but underwent rapid urbanization amid Cardiff's industrial expansion, becoming a hub for markets, housing, and later creative industries like the Chapter Arts Centre; by the late 1800s, it featured dense terraced housing and immigrant communities drawn to port-related work.^[53] Today, it remains one of Cardiff's most Welsh-speaking central districts, with notable ethnic diversity and ongoing gentrification pressures. Kanton Island (historically Canton Island), an atoll in Kiribati's Phoenix Islands at coordinates 2°50′S 171°43′W, spans about 9 km by 3 km with a fringing reef enclosing a lagoon; its permanent population hovers around 20-30, primarily subsistence fishers and copra workers in the village of Tebaronga.^[54] Discovered by Europeans in the 1820s as a navigational hazard, it gained strategic value in the 1930s when the U.S. claimed it for a Pan American Airways refueling base on the Honolulu-Pago Pago route, hosting up to 3,000 personnel during World War II for reconnaissance and supply operations before reverting to British (later Kiribati) control in 1979.^[55] The island's isolation—1,765 km east of Tarawa—and limited freshwater have constrained development, though it supports occasional scientific expeditions studying coral ecosystems. Beyond these, places named Canton appear sporadically in colonial-era naming conventions tied to 18th-19th century trade with Guangzhou (Canton), China, but lack significant modern populations or roles in regions like Europe, Australia, or Africa; examples include minor historical settlements or districts without independent administrative status or verifiable current demographics exceeding a few hundred.^[56]

People

Notable individuals with the surname

John Canton (31 July 1718 – 22 March 1772) was an English physicist and schoolmaster whose empirical experiments advanced early understandings of electricity and magnetism. Born in Stroud, Gloucestershire, to a weaver, he independently verified the compressibility of water in 1762, challenging prevailing views, and developed methods to produce artificial magnets by stroking iron bars with natural ones, demonstrating their polarity in 1753.^[57] His 1764 experiments with lightning rods and electrical conduction, including the first artificial aurora borealis simulation using charged oil on water, earned him election as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1765.^[58] Canton's work emphasized repeatable demonstrations over theoretical speculation, influencing contemporaries like Benjamin Franklin, though he avoided overt political alignments in his publications.^[59] Frank M. Canton (born Josiah Andrew Horner; c. 1849 – 1927) was an American frontiersman, rancher, and deputy U.S. marshal in Wyoming Territory during the late 19th century, known for his role in range wars amid cattle industry conflicts. Operating under the alias after fleeing Texas amid murder charges in 1874 and 1877, he led operations for the Wyoming Stock Growers Association, including the 1892 Johnson County War invasion targeting alleged rustlers, which ended in federal intervention and his acquittal due to witness intimidation claims. His career reflected the violent enforcement of property rights in open-range cattle disputes, with no formal conviction despite multiple killings attributed to self-defense or duty. Mark Canton (born June 19, 1949) is an American film producer with credits on over 100 projects, including executive production of the 1984 Ghostbusters and 1985 Commando, and later Batman sequels through his Warner Bros. tenure from 1991 to 1994. His career shifted to independent production post-2000, focusing on commercial blockbusters, though outputs have drawn criticism for prioritizing market formulas over narrative depth in industry analyses.

Arts, entertainment, and culture

In media and literature

The historical port of Canton (Guangzhou) serves as a key setting in 19th- and 20th-century literature depicting Sino-Western trade dynamics, often highlighting the restrictive Canton System that confined foreign merchants to the Thirteen Factories district from 1757 to 1842. Amitav Ghosh's River of Smoke (2011), the second volume of the Ibis Trilogy, centers on Canton in 1838, portraying the convergence of Indian, British, and Chinese traders amid the opium crisis that precipitated the First Opium War (1839–1842), with detailed accounts of smuggling operations and multicultural tensions aboard ships like the Anahita.^[60] Ghosh's subsequent Flood of Fire (2015) extends this focus, integrating Canton's role in global commerce through characters navigating imperial rivalries and local resistance.^[61] Earlier works include the anonymous French novel Mirage (1804), set in Canton decades prior to the Opium Wars, which dramatizes European adventurers' encounters with Qing-era restrictions and exoticized Chinese society, reflecting early Romantic-era fascination with the "Celestial Empire."^[62] In detective fiction, Robert van Gulik's Murder in Canton (1966), part of the Judge Dee series, transplants a Tang Dynasty (7th-century) mystery to Canton, incorporating historical elements like Arab and Persian merchant communities and the city's boat-dwelling "floating" population to explore themes of intrigue and cultural isolation.^[63] Edward Rutherfurd's epic China: The Novel (2021) spans centuries but devotes sections to Canton during the trade era, contrasting Opium War-era foreign encroachments with imperial decay.^[64] In film, Canton's image appears in Hong Kong cinema, notably Miracles (1989; also titled The Canton Godfather), directed by and starring Jackie Chan with Anita Mui, which follows a young man's rise amid 1930s triad conflicts in Canton, blending action with period depictions of economic hardship and organized crime.^[65] Music references include the instrumental track "Canton" by the English band Japan on their 1981 album Tin Drum, which evokes synthetic East Asian motifs amid the band's exploration of cultural exoticism in new wave electronica. Gospel ensembles like the Canton Spirituals, formed in Canton, Mississippi, in 1943, have influenced urban gospel with albums blending traditional harmonies and R&B, earning multiple Stellar Awards for tracks like "Ms. Mary" from their 1993 release Live in New Orleans.^[66] These portrayals often romanticize or critique Canton's role as a gateway for global exchange, though historical analyses note tendencies toward Orientalist stereotypes in Western works versus more grounded economic realism in Ghosh's narratives.^[61]

Heraldic and design elements

In heraldry, the canton is defined as a square charge issuant from one of the upper corners of the escutcheon, with the default position being the dexter chief.^[67] Its shape is uniformly square, distinguishing it as a peripheral ordinary or sub-ordinary, though medieval precedents show no rigid size differentiation from a quarter, allowing variation to suit the overall design composition.^[67] Typically occupying less than one-quarter of the field—often around one-ninth—it functions primarily as an augmentation of honor, superimposed over existing charges to denote allegiance, service, or royal favor, such as bearing a sovereign's arms or emblem.^[68]^[69] Historical records trace the canton's use to at least circa 1285 in the arms of John of Brittany, marking it among the earliest documented charges.^[67] In British heraldry from the seventeenth century onward, cantons frequently augmented arms for military or loyal service, as in grants to figures like Colonel Sir Richard Page, who received a gules canton charged with a lion of England.^[69] Baronets similarly incorporate a canton or inescutcheon in chief or sinister chief to signify rank.^[70] Blazonry conventions place the canton after description of the field and primary charges but before any bordure, with a sinister canton explicitly specified if positioned in the sinister chief; it overlays all but a cadency bordure.^[68] Beyond escutcheons, the term extends to vexillology and flag design, where the canton denotes the rectangular upper hoist (observer's left) section, borrowing from heraldic precedent but serving practical subordination of emblems without implying territorial division.^[71] This area, often one-quarter or less of the flag's surface, hosts devices like the starred union on the United States ensign, ensuring visibility when hoisted.^[72] Unlike administrative cantons, the heraldic and vexillological variants emphasize symbolic overlay and compositional balance, governed by blazonry precision rather than geographic boundaries.^[67]^[73]

Other uses

Technology and industry

The Canton Network is a privacy-enabled, interoperable blockchain platform developed by Digital Asset for institutional financial applications.^[74] Launched on May 9, 2023, it facilitates synchronization of assets, data, and cash across siloed systems without requiring centralized intermediaries, thereby minimizing reconciliation errors and counterparty risks inherent in traditional finance.^[75] Its public-permissioned architecture enforces on-chain privacy through domain-specific validation, allowing participants to maintain control over data visibility while enabling limitless cross-network connections.^[76] Key features include support for tokenized real-world assets, as demonstrated in a March 2024 pilot involving over 150 institutions, which tested interoperability for assets like U.S. Treasuries and achieving settlement in under 4 seconds with atomic delivery-versus-payment mechanics.^[77] This design addresses causal failures in legacy systems by distributing trust across independent domains, reducing single points of failure compared to permissionless blockchains like Ethereum, which often expose sensitive financial data.^[78] Adoption has accelerated with partnerships from firms including Goldman Sachs, HSBC, BNP Paribas, and Deloitte, alongside a $135 million funding round in June 2025 to expand institutional use cases.^[79]^[80] In August 2025, the network completed an on-chain U.S. Treasury financing transaction, validating its capacity for real-time, privacy-preserving capital markets operations.^[81] Strategic integrations, such as with Chainlink in September 2025 for oracle services, further enhance data feeds and compliance for regulated assets, positioning Canton as a bridge between traditional and decentralized finance.^[82] While proponents highlight empirical risk reductions—evidenced by pilot-scale zero-failure synchronizations—critics in broader blockchain discourse question scalability hype in permissioned networks, though Canton-specific data shows sustained growth via ecosystem validators like Coin Metrics.^[83]

Miscellaneous

In textiles, "Canton" refers to specific traditional Chinese silk fabrics, such as Xiang-yun-sha (gambiered Canton gauze), a lightweight, water-repellent material produced by treating silk with a mixture of gambier extract, mud, and other natural substances to enhance durability and sheen. This process, documented in Qing Dynasty records, dates back at least to the 5th century and results in a fabric prized for its resistance to moisture while maintaining breathability, though its labor-intensive production limits modern scalability.^[84] Similarly, jiāo-chou represents another variant of Canton silk characterized by a subtle, cloud-like pattern achieved through specialized weaving and dyeing techniques originating from the Guangzhou region.^[84] Historically, the term "canton" denoted a military recruitment system implemented in Prussia starting in 1733 under Frederick William I, dividing the population into geographic districts (cantons) assigned exclusively to specific regiments for conscription, ensuring broad societal participation while exempting certain groups like nobles and essential workers. This canton system, formalized in the Kantonreglement of May 1, 1733, aimed to build a standing army without relying solely on mercenaries, though it faced challenges from evasion and uneven enforcement until reforms in the Napoleonic era.^[85] The approach influenced similar structures elsewhere, such as Russian cantonists, but Prussian implementation emphasized territorial regimental ties over universal drafts.^[86]

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[38]
Reluctant entrepreneurs: Evidence from China's state-controlled ...
Oct 11, 2023 · Official data suggests that China laid off about 35 million SOE workers between 1995 and 2001, particularly during the SOE downsizing of 1998 ...
[39]
China's innovation dilemma - Lowy Institute
May 10, 2021 · Much evidence suggests that China has become an innovative economy, and increasingly so. This year China ranked 14th in the Global Innovation Index.Missing: criticism | Show results with:criticism
[40]
How many cities are called Canton in America? - Geotargit
There are 28 places named Canton in America. ... All places in the world called "Canton". Location Canton: Colorado · Connecticut · Georgia · Illinois · Indiana ...
[41]
Canton, Mass. And the Old China Trade
Jun 30, 2017 · The town of Canton, Massachusetts was named for the city of Canton, China. The Anglicized name for the city Guangzhou seems an odd choice.
[42]
[PDF] North American Toponyms: Canton Case Study
The second part of the lesson focuses on toponyms and examines the adoption of international place names in North America using Canton as the case study.
[43]
History | Canton, OH
Bezaleel Wells, the surveyor who divided the land, named it after Canton, China. The name was a memorial to a trader named John O'Donnell, whom Wells admired.Missing: trade | Show results with:trade
[44]
History of the Pro Football Hall of Fame
(1) The American Professional Football Association, later renamed the National Football League, was founded in Canton on Sept. 17, 1920. (2) The Canton ...
[45]
Canton History - Paul Revere Heritage Site
Canton was incorporated in 1797, with early settlers including descendants of enslaved people. It shifted from agrarian to manufacturing, and later to a tech/ ...
[46]
History of Canton | Canton Township, MI - Official Website
On March 7,1834 Canton became a Michigan township. Canton, like Nankin and Peking townships, was named after a city in China.
[47]
How Canton Got Its Name (Probably) - Baltimore Heritage
Apr 21, 2020 · We asked the question of whether Canton really got its name from O'Donnell, a ship captain who traded in Canton, the anglicized name of Guangzhou, China.
[48]
Land survey
Starting in 1763, new lands were granted according to the township system. Quebec was divided into counties that were divided into townships or "municipalités ...
[49]
PROFILE OF THE MUNICIPALITY - Canton de Melbourne
This township, established in 1855, covers an area of 173 square kilometers, with a population of approximately 1 148 residents (2025).
[50]
Life in and around Canton - Northumberland News
Jan 8, 2015 · In the first column of 2015, I flash back to Port Hope's hamlet of Canton. We often forget how rich local history is in every corner of ...
[51]
Canton, Ontario, Grist Mill - 2 Old Guys Walking - WordPress.com
Dec 23, 2015 · A short drive north on County Road #10 from Welcome will soon take you to the pleasant little Village of Canton, Ontario.
[52]
Canton (Community, United Kingdom) - City Population
Canton (Treganna), Community, 13,087 ; Canton (Treganna). 16,146 Population [2021] – Census. 3.106 km² Area. 5,198/km² Population Density [2021]. 1.2% Annual ...Missing: history | Show results with:history
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Living in Canton | Darlows
Canton, a suburb of Cardiff, Wales, has a rich history that dates back to the 19th century. Originally an agricultural area, it began to develop rapidly during ...
[54]
Kanton Island - Kiribati for Travellers
Kanton (Canton), a low sand and coral Central Pacific atoll, is located approximately 266 km below the equator at 2'50' S, 171'43' W. The island consists of ...Missing: population coordinates
[55]
Canton Stopover - The Pan Am Historical Foundation
In modern historical times, Canton Island (now known as Kanton, part of the nation of Kiribati) was first noted as a navigational hazard in the days of sail.Missing: significance population coordinates<|separator|>
[56]
How many places are named Canton? - Geotargit
There are 28 places named Canton in America. There are 2 places named Canton in Mexico. There are 2 places named Canton in Honduras. There is one place named ...
[57]
John Canton | Quantum Mechanics, Electromagnetism, Electricity
Sep 27, 2025 · John Canton was a British physicist and teacher. The son of a weaver, Canton became the clerk to the master of a school in London in 1737; ...
[58]
[PDF] John Canton FRS (1718–72)
John Canton is known mainly for his work in electrostatics but, as this article shows, he carried out important work in many other branches of physics, ...
[59]
John Canton FRS (1718-72) - IOPscience
John Canton is known mainly for his work in electrostatics but, as this article shows, he carried out important work in many other branches of physics.<|separator|>
[60]
A brilliant Indian novel about the first Opium War
The novel explores the 19th-century opium trade, focusing on the events leading to the First Opium War, and the journey of an Indian trader, Bahram, in 1838-39.
[61]
Discovering Global History through Historical Fiction – AHA
Nov 1, 2014 · The book is set in 1838 during the run-up to the First Opium War between Britain and China (1839-42). The lucrative opium trade with China ...
[62]
Mirage - New York Review Books
In stock Free delivery over $75Jun 14, 2016 · First published anonymously in 1804—its author remains unknown—Mirage is set in Guangzhou (Canton), some decades before the city was overwhelmed ...
[63]
Murder in Canton by Robert van Gulik - Goodreads
Rating 4.2 (1,033) The story is set in the port city of Canton, with Arab and Persian merchants and an "untouchable" social class of Chinese. The murders in the story take place ...
[64]
China by Edward Rutherfurd - She Reads Novels
Jun 11, 2021 · There are also some beautiful descriptions of the various locations in which the action takes place, including Guangzhou (Canton), Hong Kong ...<|separator|>
[65]
Miracles: The Canton Godfather coming to 4K from 88 Films - Reddit
Jul 23, 2024 · Miracles: The Canton Godfather coming to 4K from 88 Films. Kung Fu ... r/movies icon. r/movies. • 9mo ago. The Godfather Trilogy. 34 ...
[66]
The Canton Spirituals - Apple Music
An award-winning gospel group out of Canton, Mississippi who pioneered mixing traditional gospel with modern R&B and urban elements.
[67]
Canton - Mistholme
Dec 11, 2013 · The canton is a square section of the shield, issuant from one of the upper corners. It's one of the earliest of charges, found in the arms of John of Brittany ...
[68]
[PDF] A Guide to Blazonry - Royal Heraldry Society of Canada
Blazon is the language of heraldry, used to describe a coat of arms in words so an artist can accurately depict it.
[69]
Seventeenth Century Augmentations of Honour | The Heraldry Society
A canton gules charged with a lion of England was granted to Colonel Sir Richard Page, and to Sir John Walpoole, Cornet of the King's Troop, and a fess gules ...
[70]
[PDF] Heraldry in the SCA: Augmentations of Arms - Appleton Studios
Apr 2, 2019 · A baronet of England may place on his arms a canton or an inescutcheon, usually in chief but sometimes in honor point or even in sinister chief, ...
[71]
https://www.customflagcompany.com/blog/2025/09/30/understanding-flag-terminology/
[72]
Glossary of terms - Flag Studio
Badge, A coat of arms or simple (heraldic) symbol. Canton, Any quarter section of a flag. Commonly means the upper left quarter, for example the stars in ...
[73]
Dictionary of Vexillology: C (Cable Number - Cantonal flag [or banner])
Jan 5, 2008 · 3) One of the four quarters of a flag, divided horizontally and vertically into (1) the upper hoist canton, (2) upper fly canton, (3) lower fly ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[74]
The Canton Network
Canton is the first privacy-enabled open blockchain network, ensuring limitless connections that preserve privacy.Crypto Derivatives · Create valuable connections · Build · Whitepapers
[75]
Digital Asset Will Start Global Blockchain Network With Deloitte ...
May 9, 2023 · Financial technology company Digital Asset has announced it will be launching a privacy-enabled interoperable blockchain network designed ...
[76]
Blog - What do you mean by blockchain interoperability?
Apr 9, 2024 · The Canton Network is the financial industry's first privacy-enabled interoperable blockchain network designed for institutional assets, ...
[77]
The Canton Network Completes the Most Comprehensive ...
Mar 12, 2024 · The Canton Network Completes the Most Comprehensive Blockchain Pilot to Date for Tokenized Real World Assets. NEW YORK - March 12, 2024 ...
[78]
Introducing the Canton Network: A blockchain financial institutions ...
May 9, 2025 · The privacy-enabled Canton Network allows previously siloed systems in finance to be interoperable and synchronized in previously impossible ...
[79]
Press Releases - The Canton Network
Digital Asset | June 24, 2025. Digital Asset Raises $135 Million to Accelerate Adoption of Canton Network. Read Right Arrow. Press | June 4, 2025. Proof Group ...
[80]
Digital Asset Raises $135 Million to Accelerate Adoption of Canton ...
Jul 9, 2025 · This funding accelerates institutional and decentralized finance adoption on the Canton Network, the only public, permissionless Layer-1 ...
[81]
Digital Asset and Industry Working Group Complete Groundbreaking ...
Aug 12, 2025 · NEW YORK, NY–August 12, 2025– Digital Asset, in collaboration with a consortium of leading financial institutions, today announced the ...
[82]
Canton Network and Chainlink Enter Into Strategic Partnership To ...
Sep 24, 2025 · The Canton Network is the only public, permissionless blockchain purpose-built for institutional finance—uniquely combining privacy, compliance, ...
[83]
Coin Metrics Joins Canton Network as a Super Validator
Mar 18, 2025 · The Canton Network is the first public, permissionless blockchain purpose-built for institutional finance—uniquely combining privacy, compliance ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[84]
[PDF] Analysis of Two Chinese Canton Silks: Jiāo-chou and Xiang-yun
According to Qing (or Ching) Dynasty documents, Jiāo-chou and Xiang-yun-shā were available as early as the 5th century and these textiles, as well as garments ...
[85]
Introduction of the Brandenburg-Prussian Canton System of Military ...
Introduction of the Brandenburg-Prussian Canton System of Military Recruitment [Kantonreglement], issued by Frederick William I (“the Soldier King”), as an ...
[86]
Canton system - Brill Reference Works
The term canton system denotes the recruitment system of the Prussian army, which from the 1730s to 1806 assigned to each regiment an exclusive domestic ...