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Ordinary

Ordinary is an adjective in the English language that describes something commonplace, routine, or average, lacking any exceptional or distinctive qualities and conforming to the standard or expected course of events. For example, it may refer to an ordinary day, which is typical and unremarkable in its progression. The term originates from Middle English ordinarie, adopted around 1400 from Old French ordinaire and directly from Latin ordinarius ("orderly, regular, in order"), derived from ordo (genitive ordinis), meaning "row, rank, series, or arrangement," ultimately tracing back to the Proto-Indo-European root ar- ("to fit together"). This etymology underscores its core connotation of regularity and conformity to established patterns. As a noun, ordinary carries several specialized meanings across historical, legal, religious, and other domains. In the context of 17th- and 18th-century taverns and inns, particularly in Britain and colonial America, an ordinary denoted an establishment offering a fixed-price meal served at predetermined times, providing affordable and standardized dining for travelers and locals alike. In ecclesiastical usage, it refers to a church authority, such as a bishop or other cleric, who exercises ordinary jurisdiction—immediate and inherent power—over a specific territory or matters of canon law without needing delegation. In finance, ordinary shares (also known as common shares) represent basic ownership in a company, entitling holders to voting rights at shareholder meetings and potential dividends, though they rank last in claims on assets during liquidation. In heraldry, an ordinary is one of the fundamental geometric charges placed on a shield, such as a chief (a band across the top) or a bend (a diagonal stripe), valued for their simplicity and historical precedence in armorial designs dating back to the medieval period. These uses highlight the word's versatility, often tying back to themes of regularity, authority, and standardization, while in modern contexts, "ordinary" continues to evoke the everyday and unpretentious in literature, philosophy (e.g., ordinary language analysis), and popular culture.

General Usage

Adjective

As an adjective, "ordinary" describes something that is common, usual, or lacking special distinction, rank, or status, often implying routine or unexceptional qualities in everyday contexts. This term conveys a sense of normalcy or averageness, as in situations or objects that align with standard expectations without notable deviation. The word originates from the Latin ordinarius, meaning "orderly" or "regular," derived from ordo ("order"), and it entered the English language in the 14th century, initially carrying connotations of conformity to established order or rule. By the Middle English period, it had evolved to emphasize regularity in social or procedural matters, such as "ordinary conduct" in legal or ecclesiastical texts. Synonyms for "ordinary" include common, average, and typical, which similarly highlight prevalence or standardness, while antonyms such as extraordinary and exceptional denote rarity or superiority. In usage, phrases like "an ordinary day" refer to a typical, uneventful period without remarkable events, underscoring a connotation of mundane normalcy, whereas "ordinary precautions" suggests standard, unremarkable safety measures expected in routine activities, sometimes implying a lack of excess or innovation. These examples illustrate how the adjective can evoke mediocrity in negative contexts, like critiquing "ordinary workmanship," or neutrality in describing baseline experiences. In modern usage during the 20th and 21st centuries, "ordinary" has shifted toward more neutral or even positive connotations, particularly in literature and motivational discourse, as seen in expressions like "ordinary heroism," which celebrates everyday courage among non-elite individuals without diminishing its value. This evolution reflects broader cultural emphases on the significance of commonplace actions, evident in works exploring human resilience.

Noun

As a noun, ordinary denotes a person or thing of common rank, quality, or occurrence, often representing the typical or average example within a given context. For instance, it can refer to an everyday individual, as in "the ordinary" embodying unremarkable societal norms. This usage emphasizes conformity to established patterns rather than exceptionality.^[1]^[2] In 16th- and 17th-century English, particularly in London, ordinary specifically designated a type of tavern or alehouse where patrons could purchase meals at a fixed price, catering to those without home cooking facilities. These establishments served as social hubs for the working and middle classes, offering routine fare like ale and simple dishes in a communal setting. The term derived from the standardized, "ordinary" nature of the meals provided, distinguishing them from more bespoke dining options.^[3] Common idiomatic expressions highlight the noun's association with routine and deviation from it. "Out of the ordinary" describes something unusual or atypical, implying a departure from the expected norm. Similarly, "in the ordinary course of events" refers to processes or outcomes that unfold routinely, without extraordinary intervention. These phrases underscore the noun's role in contrasting the commonplace with the exceptional.^[4] In literature, ordinary as a noun captures social normalcy, particularly in depictions of everyday life among the middle class. Jane Austen frequently employs it to portray unexceptional characters and situations, as in Pride and Prejudice (1813), where the phrase "ordinary occasions" illustrates the mundane social interactions that define polite society. This usage reflects broader 19th-century concerns with domestic routine and class expectations. From a sociological perspective, the concept of "ordinary people" gained prominence in 20th-century discussions of class, democracy, and personal agency. C. Wright Mills, in The Sociological Imagination (1959), uses the term to describe average individuals whose private troubles—such as unemployment or family issues—are shaped by larger public structures like economic policies, urging sociologists to connect these experiences to broader societal forces. This framework influenced analyses of how "ordinary" citizens navigate power imbalances in modern democracies.^[5]

Philosophy and Linguistics

Ordinary Language

Ordinary language, in the context of philosophy, refers to the everyday speech and usage employed by competent speakers, as opposed to technical, artificial, or idealized constructs. This concept became central to 20th-century analytic philosophy, particularly through its role in clarifying or dissolving apparent philosophical puzzles by attending to how words function in ordinary contexts.^[6] The foundations of ordinary language philosophy trace to Ludwig Wittgenstein's later philosophy, outlined in his Philosophical Investigations (1953), where he argued that meaning arises from the use of words within "language games"—diverse forms of life and practical activities—rather than fixed references or pictures of reality. Wittgenstein famously asserted that "for a large class of cases—though not for all—in which we employ the word 'meaning' it can be explained thus: the meaning of a word is its use in the language," emphasizing that philosophical confusions often stem from abstracting language from its ordinary applications.^[7]^[6] This approach influenced the Ordinary Language Philosophy movement, prominent in the 1950s at Oxford University, where philosophers like Gilbert Ryle and P.F. Strawson critiqued idealized theories by analyzing everyday expressions. Ryle, in The Concept of Mind (1949), dismantled Cartesian dualism by exposing it as a "category mistake"—treating the mind as a separate entity akin to the body, contrary to ordinary psychological discourse.^[6] Similarly, J.L. Austin advanced the methodology through speech act theory, demonstrating in How to Do Things with Words (1962) that utterances perform actions (e.g., promising or warning) in ordinary settings, beyond mere description, thus revealing how philosophical oversimplifications ignore contextual nuances.^[8] Strawson contributed by advocating "descriptive metaphysics," mapping conceptual schemes inherent in ordinary language, as in his Individuals (1959), to ground ontology in commonsense usage rather than speculative constructs.^[6] Core to the movement was the rejection of traditional philosophical problems as artifacts of linguistic misuse, positing that ordinary language is inherently adequate and that deviations create pseudo-issues. For instance, Austin's analysis in "A Plea for Excuses" (1957) distinguished subtle differences in everyday terms like "accidentally" versus "mistakenly," showing how such distinctions resolve debates in ethics and responsibility without invoking abstract theories.^[9]^[8] The Oxford philosophers, including Ryle's earlier "Systematically Misleading Expressions" (1932), argued for therapeutic analysis: examining ordinary usage to eliminate confusions, as in critiquing sense-data theories by noting that ordinary reports of seeing (e.g., "I see the table") do not imply illusions unless contextually warranted.^[10]^[6] The influence of ordinary language philosophy extended to pragmatics, linguistics, and later analytic traditions, fostering a shift toward contextual and use-based theories of meaning that impacted fields like sociolinguistics and cognitive science.^[8] However, by the 1970s, it declined amid criticisms from formal semanticists like Paul Grice, who separated conversational implicature from literal meaning in his "Logic and Conversation" (1967), and Benson Mates, who challenged its empirical claims about usage in "On the Verification of Statements about Ordinary Language" (1958). This paved the way for more systematic approaches, though Austin's speech acts and Wittgenstein's insights on use remain foundational in contemporary philosophy of language.^[6]

Grammatical Classifier

In linguistics, particularly within East Asian and Southeast Asian language families, a general classifier refers to a default numeral classifier used for quantifying general or unspecified nouns, functioning as the most basic or fallback category when no specialized classifier—based on attributes like shape, size, or animacy—applies. These classifiers are obligatory in numeral classifier languages, where bare numerals cannot directly modify nouns without an intervening classifier to ensure syntactic well-formedness and semantic compatibility. A prominent example is the Mandarin Chinese classifier gè (个), which serves as the general classifier for a broad array of inanimate objects and sometimes people, applicable to nearly all nouns lacking a more precise alternative. For instance, it appears in phrases like sān gè shū ("three books") or liǎng gè rén ("two people"), highlighting its versatility as a default measure. In Japanese, the suffix -tsu fulfills a similar role as a general counter for small, countable items without inherent shape or type specificity, as in ni-tsu no hon ("two books"), though it is often supplanted by dedicated counters like -satsu for books when context demands precision. Thai, a Kra-Dai language, employs tua (ตัว) as a comparable general classifier for animals, general objects, and occasionally people, such as in sǎam tua mǎa ("three dogs"), underscoring the cross-linguistic pattern of default classifiers handling unspecified referents.^[11]^[12]^[13] These general classifiers contribute to linguistic structure by bridging numerals and nouns in syntax, forming obligatory tripartite constructions (numeral-classifier-noun) that prevent ungrammatical sequences and enforce noun categorization. Semantically, they provide a minimal distinction for countable entities devoid of salient properties, aiding in discourse reference and conceptual grouping without imposing strict semantic constraints, thus supporting efficient communication in classifier-dependent grammars.^[14] The historical development of numeral classifiers in Sino-Tibetan languages traces back to proto-forms involving nominal affixes or measure words that grammaticalized over time, with general classifiers emerging as generalized residues of earlier, more diverse systems. In branches like Bodo-Garo, atypical classifier-numeral orders likely arose from the repetition and reduction of nouns in quantified expressions, a process not uniform across the family but indicative of internal evolution. Comparatively, Austronesian languages exhibit analogous classifier systems, particularly in Formosan varieties with rich sortal distinctions, but show areal convergence with Sino-Tibetan in Mainland Southeast Asia through contact-induced features, such as shared default-like categories for general nouns, though Austronesian systems often integrate classifiers more variably with demonstratives.^[15]^[16] Contemporary research in the 2020s on language acquisition reveals that learners of classifier languages prioritize general classifiers, acquiring them as early overgeneralizations before refining to specific ones, with Japanese children demonstrating semantic grasp of general classifiers like -tsu by around ages 4–5 through experimental tasks involving novel objects, indicating acquisition earlier than previously estimated. In computational linguistics, recent studies leverage these classifiers for enhanced natural language processing in Asian languages, such as modeling Mandarin gè in large language models to improve noun phrase generation and semantic parsing accuracy, addressing challenges in cross-lingual transfer.^[17]^[18]

Religion

Clerical Jurisdiction

In the Catholic Church, an ordinary is a cleric, typically a bishop or an equivalent authority, who exercises ordinary jurisdiction over a particular church, such as a diocese, or over a community like a religious institute, as defined in Canon 134 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law. This jurisdiction is inherent to the office and not derived from delegation, distinguishing it from temporary or assigned powers.^[19] Types of ordinaries include local ordinaries, such as diocesan bishops who govern their dioceses, and major superiors of religious institutes or societies of apostolic life, who hold equivalent authority over their members according to the institute's proper law. Cardinals serving as bishops in their own sees also function as local ordinaries within those territories.^[20] The powers of an ordinary encompass the ordinary power of governance, which is attached to the office by law itself and includes the authority to legislate, judge, and execute in matters of ecclesiastical administration, as opposed to delegated power granted to individuals without an office.^[19] This extends to administering sacraments where appropriate, teaching doctrine, and overseeing the spiritual and temporal affairs of the community without needing external approval.^[21] Historically, the concept of ordinary jurisdiction evolved from the Roman legal term ordinarius, denoting a regular magistrate with inherent authority, which was adapted in ecclesiastical usage to describe permanent jurisdictional powers tied to office.^[21] The Council of Trent (1545–1563) played a pivotal role in clarifying and affirming these powers, particularly in its decrees on reformation, where it emphasized bishops' ordinary authority over ordinations, benefices, and clerical discipline to counter abuses and strengthen local governance.^[22] As of 2025, the role of ordinaries continues to adapt through Vatican II reforms, which in Lumen Gentium underscored bishops' proper, ordinary, and immediate power in their dioceses while promoting collegiality with the Roman Pontiff.^[23] Recent synodality discussions, including the 2025 implementation phase of the Synod on Synodality, highlight ordinaries' responsibility to foster participatory structures in local churches, integrating communal discernment into their governance.^[24]

Liturgical Ordinary

The liturgical ordinary refers to the fixed, invariable portions of the Eucharistic liturgy in the Roman Rite, consisting of texts that remain consistent regardless of the liturgical calendar or feast day.^[25] These elements are typically recited or sung in Latin traditionally, though vernacular translations are permitted in modern practice, and they form the structural backbone of the Mass, emphasizing communal prayer and doctrinal proclamation.^[26] In contrast, the proper comprises variable texts and chants that change according to the day, such as the introit, gradual, and communion antiphon, allowing the liturgy to reflect seasonal or saint-specific themes.^[27] The primary components of the liturgical ordinary are the Kyrie eleison (Lord, have mercy), Gloria in excelsis Deo (Glory to God in the highest), Credo (Nicene Creed), Sanctus (Holy, holy, holy), and Agnus Dei (Lamb of God).^[28] The Kyrie, a Greek-derived litany of supplication, originated in Rome by the sixth century as part of Lenten processions; the Gloria, a hymn of praise adapted from the Gospel of Luke, was incorporated into the Roman Mass around the fourth century but initially reserved for major feasts; the Credo was added universally after the Council of Nicaea in 325 to affirm orthodox belief; the Sanctus draws from Isaiah 6:3 and Revelation 4:8, integrated by the fourth century; and the Agnus Dei, invoking Christ as the paschal lamb, was introduced from Eastern traditions in the seventh century. These elements were standardized in the Roman Rite by the fourth century, as evidenced in early sacramentaries and liturgical compilations that fixed the core Eucharistic structure amid evolving practices.^[29] The liturgical ordinary is central to Catholic worship but also features prominently in Anglican and Lutheran traditions, where it structures the Holy Eucharist or Divine Service with similar fixed texts, often drawn from the Roman model but adapted for Reformation emphases on scripture and congregational participation.^[25] In Anglicanism, the Book of Common Prayer (1549 onward) incorporates these components in English, blending them with reformed prayers; Lutheran liturgies, as in the Deutsche Messe, retain the ordinary's form while prioritizing vernacular proclamation.^[30] Post-Vatican II reforms in 1969, promulgated by Pope Paul VI, permitted broader use of the vernacular, simplified rubrics, and encouraged congregational singing of the ordinary to foster active participation, while preserving its textual integrity in the Novus Ordo Missae.^[26] The ordinary has profoundly shaped Western choral music and Gregorian chant traditions, serving as a foundation for polyphonic compositions from the medieval period onward. Guillaume de Machaut's Messe de Nostre Dame (c. 1364), the earliest complete polyphonic setting of the ordinary, exemplifies early Renaissance innovation by unifying the five movements in isorhythmic style for cathedral performance. Later, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Great Mass in C minor, K. 427 (1782–1783), elevated the ordinary through dramatic orchestration and solo ensembles, influencing subsequent Romantic choral works despite remaining unfinished.^[31] These settings highlight the ordinary's role in bridging liturgy and art, inspiring composers to explore theological depth through music.

Ordinary Time

Ordinary Time refers to the seasons in the Christian liturgical year outside the major festive periods of Advent, Christmas, Lent, and Eastertide, focusing on the ongoing growth and maturation of Christian life through the mystery of Christ.^[32] It emphasizes the "ordinary" aspects of discipleship, inviting believers to integrate faith into daily living and deepen their relationship with God amid routine existence.^[33] The structure of Ordinary Time consists of two distinct segments within the liturgical calendar: the first follows the Christmas season, beginning after the Baptism of the Lord and extending up to four to eight weeks until the start of Lent; the second commences after Pentecost Sunday and continues for approximately six months until Advent.^[33] Overall, it encompasses 33 or 34 weeks, forming the longest portion of the year and providing a framework for sequential Gospel readings that trace Jesus' public ministry.^[34] Symbolically, Ordinary Time is marked by green vestments and paraments, representing hope, new life, and spiritual growth in the Church, akin to the vitality of nature.^[35] Thematically, it centers on the Gospels and themes of discipleship, with the Sunday lectionary cycling through Matthew (Year A), Mark (Year B), and Luke (Year C) to explore Jesus' teachings and mission; for instance, Year C features numerous parables from Luke, such as the parable of the sower and the prodigal son, highlighting moral lessons for everyday faith.^[34] Historically, Ordinary Time as a designated season was formalized in the Roman Missal of 1970, following reforms of the Second Vatican Council to streamline the liturgical year and emphasize scriptural continuity.^[36] Its roots trace to the medieval temporale, the Church's ancient division of the calendar into festive and "time after" periods following Epiphany and Pentecost, which structured the Sundays dedicated to Christ's ordinary ministry.^[37] In 2025, Ordinary Time begins on January 13, the Monday after the Baptism of the Lord, and runs through March 4 (the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday), followed by the longer period from June 9 (Monday after Pentecost) to November 29 (the eve of the First Sunday of Advent).^[38]

Law

Judicial Ordinary

In legal systems, particularly those derived from common law traditions, a judicial ordinary refers to a court official vested with ordinary jurisdiction, which is the inherent and immediate authority to adjudicate routine civil and criminal matters without the need for special delegation or appointment.^[39] This contrasts with delegated or extraordinary jurisdiction, where authority is temporarily assigned or exercised in exceptional circumstances, such as through appellate review or special tribunals. Ordinary jurisdiction typically encompasses first-instance proceedings in trial courts, ensuring efficient handling of everyday disputes.^[40] In common law contexts, ordinary courts exercise broad subject-matter jurisdiction over general cases, distinguishing them from specialized or extraordinary courts that address niche issues like admiralty or high crimes. While canon law employs the term "ordinary" for ecclesiastical officials with non-delegated authority—such as bishops overseeing spiritual matters—secular applications emphasize civil administration, with overlaps limited to historical influences on probate and family law.^[41] This secular focus aligns with the evolution of English common law, where ordinary jurisdiction formed the backbone of local justice systems. Historically, English ordinaries operated within ecclesiastical courts before 1857, serving as officials with primary authority over testamentary matters, including will probate and estate administration, under the bishop's oversight.^[42] The Court of Probate Act 1857 transferred these functions to secular probate courts, diminishing the role of ecclesiastical ordinaries. In the United States, colonial influences led several states to adopt the term; for instance, state judges known as ordinaries in Georgia and South Carolina historically managed probate, guardianship, and minor criminal cases until the late 19th and 20th centuries, when titles shifted to probate judges while retaining similar duties.^[43] The powers of a judicial ordinary generally include overseeing probate of wills, estate settlements, guardianship appointments, and adjudication of misdemeanors or lesser offenses, often without jury involvement in routine proceedings.^[39] These differ from appellate judges, who review decisions on legal errors, or delegated officials, whose authority is limited and revocable; ordinaries exercise plenary control at the trial level to resolve matters swiftly. In some U.S. jurisdictions, such as Georgia, ordinaries retain authority over misdemeanors alongside probate, underscoring their role in local governance.^[43] As of 2025, the concept of ordinary jurisdiction persists in international law through the principle of complementarity in the International Criminal Court (ICC), where national ordinary courts hold primary responsibility for prosecuting core international crimes, intervening only if states fail to act genuinely.^[44] The ICC's 18 elected judges, organized into divisions, apply the Rome Statute to cases like genocide and war crimes in trial and appeals chambers when national systems are unwilling or unable. This framework reinforces the primacy of domestic ordinary jurisdiction while providing an extraordinary international backstop.^[45]

Probate Ordinary

A probate ordinary is a judicial officer in common law systems tasked with validating wills, granting administration of estates, and overseeing the settlement of deceased persons' affairs. This role originated in ecclesiastical courts, where the ordinary—typically a bishop or archdeacon—exercised jurisdiction over testamentary matters as the local spiritual authority.^[46] The ordinary's primary duties included proving the validity of a will through probate, appointing executors or administrators, and ensuring the distribution of assets according to the testator's intentions or intestacy laws.^[42] In England, prior to the Court of Probate Act 1857, the ordinary held exclusive jurisdiction over probate in diocesan consistory courts, handling cases involving personal property and goods within the diocese.^[47] This ecclesiastical system extended to the American colonies, influencing U.S. common law traditions; in states like Georgia and South Carolina, county-level courts of ordinary assumed probate functions post-independence, directly adapting the English model for local administration of estates.^[48] For instance, Georgia's Court of Ordinary, established in 1851, managed probate alongside other county duties until its reorganization.^[49] Key procedures under a probate ordinary included issuing letters testamentary to confirm an executor's authority upon will validation, or letters of administration for intestate estates where no will existed, directing heirs according to statutory succession rules.^[42] In cases of dispute, the ordinary could summon parties to the consistory court for testimony on the will's authenticity.^[50] The role of the probate ordinary evolved significantly by the 20th century, as secular reforms diminished ecclesiastical influence. In England, the 1857 Act abolished the ordinary's probate jurisdiction, transferring it to the new Court of Probate and later the High Court, with district registries handling routine cases.^[51] In the U.S., many states consolidated probate into specialized surrogate or probate courts; Georgia renamed its Court of Ordinary the Probate Court in 1974, though the judge retains the informal title of ordinary in some contexts.^[48] Today, these functions persist in surrogate courts (e.g., New York) or county probate courts, focusing on estate settlement without the original religious overlay.^[52] Probate ordinaries historically were appointed by ecclesiastical superiors in England, requiring clerical training and diocesan residency, but U.S. counterparts are elected officials. In Georgia, for example, candidates must be at least 25 years old, high school graduates, U.S. citizens, and county residents for two years prior to election, serving four-year terms in nonpartisan races.^[53] Recent developments as of 2025 address digital estates: England's Law Commission recommended legalizing electronic wills on May 16, 2025, via a draft Wills Act to accommodate remote signing and storage, potentially streamlining probate for tech-savvy testators.^[54] In the U.S., states like Florida (via its 2017 Electronic Wills Act) and Illinois (via its 2021 Electronic Wills and Remote Witnesses Act) allow probate judges to validate digital documents, reducing paper-based delays in estate administration.^[55]^[56]

Academia

Ordinary Lecture

Ordinary lectures in medieval universities were the principal form of instruction, comprising regular, scheduled sessions focused on the core curriculum of authoritative texts, typically delivered in the morning by licensed masters or doctors. These lectures emphasized methodical exposition, commentary, and dialectical questioning, setting them apart from extraordinary or cursory lectures, which addressed supplementary or advanced topics in the afternoon and were often less formal or obligatory.^[57] This practice originated in the 12th century amid the rise of Europe's first universities, most notably at the University of Paris, where ordinary lectures formed the core of the arts faculty's program in the trivium (grammar, rhetoric, and logic) and quadrivium (arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy).^[58] Spanning the 12th to 15th centuries, they were embedded in the scholastic tradition, which prioritized reconciling classical philosophy—particularly Aristotle's works—with Christian theology through rigorous textual analysis.^[59] At institutions like Paris, these lectures helped standardize education across emerging scholarly centers in Bologna, Oxford, and beyond, fostering a shared intellectual framework for Europe.^[57] Structurally, ordinary lectures lasted approximately two hours, commencing at dawn or shortly after, and were a mandatory requirement for students advancing through the curriculum.^[58] Delivered by ordinary professors—those holding full teaching privileges—they involved the master reading aloud from a standard text, offering glosses and resolutions to ambiguities, and responding to student inquiries, as seen in the interactive style of scholastic disputations.^[59] For example, in the University of Paris's arts faculty, lectures on Priscian's grammar or Porphyry's Isagoge exemplified this approach, blending recitation with interpretive debate to build foundational knowledge. Peter Abelard, a prominent 12th-century scholar at Paris, described in his Historia Calamitatum how his ordinary lectures on dialectic and theology attracted vast crowds, highlighting their role in sparking intellectual ferment and controversy within the scholastic milieu. In the broader educational system, ordinary lectures provided the essential groundwork for earning degrees, with attendance and participation determining eligibility for examinations and promotions to bachelor or master status.^[57] They contrasted with afternoon cursory lectures, which served as reviews or introductions to minor works and were not always required, allowing ordinary sessions to maintain primacy in depth and rigor. This organized, obligatory structure influenced the development of modern academic calendars, including fixed class schedules and semester-long courses, as universities evolved from medieval models.^[58]

Ordinary Professor

An ordinary professor, also known as a professor ordinarius or ordentlicher Professor, represents the highest senior academic rank in many university systems, denoting a full, tenured faculty position with a permanent, salaried appointment and often leadership of a departmental chair (Lehrstuhl).^[60] This role emphasizes long-term commitment to the institution, distinguishing it from lower or temporary ranks.^[61] The title originated in early modern European universities during the 16th century, particularly in German-speaking regions, where "professor ordinarius" referred to full-time professors receiving a fixed ("ordinary") university salary, in contrast to "extraordinary professors" who held part-time or honorary positions without such remuneration.^[62] This distinction emerged amid the Reformation's influence on Protestant universities, formalizing hierarchical academic structures that prioritized stable, salaried faculty for core teaching and scholarly duties.^[63] In the 19th century, the ordinary professor's responsibilities were shaped by the Humboldtian model of higher education, which integrated research, teaching, and institutional administration under the leadership of full professors holding chairs.^[61] These duties typically include delivering regular ("ordinary") lectures to large student audiences, supervising graduate research, publishing seminal works, and participating in university governance, such as curriculum development and faculty hiring.^[64] For instance, in this model, ordinary professors were expected to foster academic freedom while advancing disciplinary knowledge through original inquiry.^[65] Globally, the ordinary professor equates to the full professor in the United States, where it signifies tenure achievement after progression from assistant and associate ranks, with similar emphases on research productivity and teaching excellence.^[60] In Italy, the "professore ordinario" is the top rank, requiring national scientific qualification and entailing at least 350 annual workload hours, including 120 dedicated to teaching and independent research reported triennially to the department.^[66] These variations reflect national adaptations, yet all underscore the ordinary professor's pivotal role in sustaining academic rigor. As of 2025, the ordinary professor position remains emblematic in tenure debates, as higher education faces "adjunctification"—a shift toward contingent faculty comprising over 70% of instructors in many institutions—prompting calls to protect tenured roles for academic freedom and stability amid legislative attacks on tenure systems.^[67]^[68] This evolution challenges the traditional permanence of the rank, with advocates arguing it is essential for fostering high-impact research and mentorship.^[69]

Music

EPs and Albums

Several extended plays (EPs) and albums titled Ordinary have been released in the music industry, often exploring themes of everyday life, routine, and introspection. These works span genres including K-pop, J-pop, K-hip hop, and indie folk, with releases dating from the early 2010s to the mid-2020s. Common motifs include the mundanity of work, relationships, and personal reflection, reflecting the title's connotation of normalcy. Notable examples demonstrate varied commercial success, from chart-topping K-pop releases to critically acclaimed indie projects. The EP Ordinary by the South Korean boy group Beast (now known as Highlight) was released on July 27, 2015, through Cube Entertainment. Produced as their ninth mini-album, it features five tracks: "YeY" (lead single), "Gotta Go to Work" (pre-release single), "Suite Room," "See You There," and "Take It All." The album delves into themes of daily routines and romantic escapism, with "Gotta Go to Work" achieving an all-kill on major Korean music charts upon release. It topped the Hanteo weekly domestic album chart for the period ending August 2, 2015, and ranked among the top-selling physical albums of the year with 87,524 copies sold. Despite its commercial peak on the Gaon Album Chart, some critics noted it as a slight departure from the group's prior high-energy hits. In K-hip hop, Punchnello's EP Ordinary. arrived on January 28, 2019, via AOMG, marking the rapper's debut extended play. The seven-track project includes collaborations such as "Blue Hawaii" (featuring Crush and Penomeco), "Winter Blossom" (featuring SAAY), "Absinthe," and the title track "ordinary." (featuring Simon Dominic and Gray), blending pop, R&B, and indie elements to explore emotional vulnerability and ordinary moments in life. Released shortly after Punchnello signed with AOMG, the EP received praise for its introspective lyrics and production, earning high scores in reviews for tracks like "Blue Hawaii" and contributing to the artist's rising profile in the Korean hip-hop scene. The Japanese duo Every Little Thing released their tenth studio album Ordinary on September 21, 2011, under Avex Trax. Comprising 13 tracks, including "Aigaaru," "tomorrow," "Sky," "Blank," "MOON," "wonder love," "STAR," and instrumentals like "Asian Beauty," the album addresses themes of love, longing, and everyday wonder through pop-rock arrangements. It debuted at No. 2 on the Oricon weekly album chart and supported the duo's 15th anniversary concert tour, with a special edition including music videos for select singles. The release highlighted the duo's evolution toward more mature, reflective songwriting. More recently, the indie folk/Americana duo Ordinary Elephant (Crystal and Pete Damore) issued their self-titled album Ordinary Elephant on May 3, 2024, independently. The 14-track record features harmonious vocals and acoustic instrumentation on songs like "Once Upon a Time," "The Prophet," "Midlife," "Joy Has Not Forgotten Me," and "Relic of the Rain," focusing on midlife consolations, personal growth, and quiet joys. Nominated for Album of the Year at the 2024 International Folk Music Awards by Folk Alliance International, it has been lauded for its intimate, woven narratives reminiscent of classic folk duos, emphasizing emotional depth over commercial metrics.

Songs

Several songs titled "Ordinary" have been released across various genres, often exploring themes of normalcy, relationships, and personal transformation. These tracks typically delve into the tension between everyday life and deeper emotional experiences, using the title to symbolize routine existence contrasted with moments of intensity or change. One notable example is "Ordinary" by the American pop-rock band Train, released in 2004 as part of the Spider-Man 2 soundtrack. Formed in 1993 in San Francisco, Train is known for their melodic rock sound, with previous hits like "Drops of Jupiter" establishing their commercial presence. The song's lyrics reflect a sense of alienation and yearning for rescue from mundanity, with lines like "Can you save me from this world of mine? Before I get left behind" highlighting themes of vulnerability in relationships and the desire to escape ordinariness. It received positive reception for its emotional depth and fit within the film's narrative, charting on the U.S. Adult Top 40 singles chart.^[70]^[71] More recently, "Ordinary" by American singer-songwriter Alex Warren, released on February 7, 2025, via Atlantic Records, has become a major pop hit. Warren, born in 2000 and a former TikTok influencer with over 26 million followers as a founding member of the Hype House collective, transitioned to music after overcoming personal hardships including homelessness and family loss, drawing inspiration from artists like Ed Sheeran and Lewis Capaldi. The track, co-written with his wife Kouvr Annon, celebrates how love elevates the mundane to the extraordinary, with lyrics such as "You're takin' me out of the ordinary / I want you layin' me down 'til we're dead and buried" emphasizing vulnerability and eternal commitment. It debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100, spent multiple weeks at the top, and was named the No. 1 Song of the Summer 2025, though some critics noted its formulaic structure amid its widespread popularity.^[72]^[73]^[74] Other examples include emerging indie artists who have released songs titled "Ordinary" on platforms like Spotify in the 2020-2025 period, such as tracks by lesser-known acts exploring similar motifs of normalcy, though none have achieved the chart success of Warren's version. These songs often appear on albums briefly referenced in broader music sections, underscoring the title's recurring appeal in alternative genres.^[75]

Business and Ranks

Ordinary Shares

Ordinary shares, also known as common shares, represent the basic form of equity ownership in a corporation, entitling holders to a proportionate stake in the company's assets and earnings after preferred shareholders.^[76] These shares typically grant voting rights on key corporate matters, such as electing the board of directors, and the potential to receive dividends, though payments are not fixed or guaranteed and depend on the company's profitability and board decisions.^[77] In the event of liquidation, ordinary shareholders have residual claims on assets, meaning they are subordinate to creditors and preferred shareholders, bearing higher risk but also offering unlimited upside potential through capital appreciation.^[76] The concept of ordinary shares originated in the 17th century with the advent of joint-stock companies, which allowed multiple investors to pool capital for large-scale ventures. The Dutch East India Company (VOC), established in 1602, was the first entity to issue such publicly tradable shares, granting limited liability to investors and enabling the financing of extensive trade expeditions to Asia.^[78] This innovation laid the foundation for modern stock markets, with shares actively traded on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange, marking a shift from sole proprietorships to diffused ownership structures.^[79] Holders of ordinary shares enjoy rights that include participation in shareholder meetings and influence over corporate governance, exemplified by listings on major exchanges like the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), where companies such as Apple Inc. issue common stock to raise capital while distributing ownership.^[80] However, risks are significant: dividends can be omitted during financial difficulties, and share value may dilute upon new issuances, reducing existing holders' proportional ownership without compensation.^[81] Unlike preferred shares, which offer fixed dividends and priority in asset distribution, ordinary shares provide no such protections, positioning them as higher-risk instruments suited for investors seeking growth.^[82] In the United States, ordinary shares—termed common stock—are regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, requiring registration for public offerings and ongoing disclosures to protect investors from fraud.^[83] As of 2025, SEC rules emphasize beneficial ownership reporting under Sections 13(d) and 13(g), mandating filings for shareholders acquiring more than 5% of a class of equity securities to ensure transparency.^[84] Globally, terminology varies: in the UK, they are designated as ordinary shares under the Companies Act 2006, carrying unrestricted rights to distributions and voting, while the US favors "common stock," though the core features remain aligned across jurisdictions.^[85]

Ordinary Seaman

The ordinary seaman serves as the entry-level enlisted rank in various naval traditions, functioning as the naval equivalent to a private in ground forces and marking the starting point for recruits in the deck department. This rank encompasses individuals undergoing initial training in seamanship, ship handling, and basic operational procedures.^[86] Historically, the rank emerged in the British Royal Navy during the 17th century, where it was typically assigned to former boy sailors upon reaching age 18 to begin their adult service, performing routine duties under supervision. In the U.S. Navy, the Ordinary Seaman rating was formally established in 1797 as the second-lowest enlisted position above landsman, reflecting the need for structured progression in a growing fleet during the early republic. This rating remained in use through the 19th and early 20th centuries until redesignated Seaman Second Class in 1917 amid broader enlisted structure reforms.^[86]^[87] Ordinary seamen undertake essential shipboard tasks, including cleaning and painting decks, standing lookout watches, assisting with mooring and anchoring operations, and supporting general maintenance to ensure vessel readiness. These duties are paired with mandatory training in safety protocols, basic navigation, and emergency response, often lasting several weeks to months depending on the navy.^[87]^[88] In historical U.S. Navy uniforms, ordinary seamen wore no chevrons or distinctive sleeve markings, relying on verbal orders and muster rolls for identification within the hierarchy. Progression to able seaman involved accumulating one to two years of qualified sea service, demonstrating proficiency in knot-tying, sail handling, and rigging through practical examinations and captain's evaluation.^[86]^[87] As of 2025, while the title "Ordinary Seaman" is primarily historical in the U.S. Navy, its functional equivalent is the Seaman Apprentice at pay grade E-2, achieved after 9 months of time in service (TIS) from Seaman Recruit (E-1), under the 2023 Apprentice Advancement Alignment policy.^[89] Women have been integrated into the U.S. Navy's enlisted ranks since the 1970s, with assignments to combatant ships opening in 1994 and full access to all roles, including submarines, by the 2010s, allowing equal service in seaman positions.^[90] Under the Sailor 2025 program, modern seamen receive enhanced instruction in cybersecurity, unmanned systems operation, and digital navigation tools to adapt to contemporary fleet demands.^[91] In modern contexts, the rank persists in the merchant navy deck department for basic seafarers performing routine duties.^[92]

Vehicles and Media

Ordinary Bicycle

The ordinary bicycle, commonly known as the penny-farthing or high wheel bicycle, is an early design characterized by a large front wheel, typically 50 to 60 inches in diameter, paired with a much smaller rear wheel of about 12 to 18 inches, and pedals directly attached to the front wheel's hub for propulsion.^[93] This configuration allowed riders to achieve greater distances per pedal stroke compared to earlier velocipedes, making it a significant advancement in personal transportation during the late 19th century.^[94] The ordinary bicycle was patented in the United Kingdom on August 11, 1870, by James Starley, a Coventry-based engineer often regarded as a pioneer in bicycle manufacturing, in collaboration with James Hillman; Starley's Ariel model, introduced shortly thereafter, popularized the design and established it as a commercial success in the 1870s.^[95] It served as a direct predecessor to the safety bicycle, which featured equal-sized wheels and a chain drive for improved stability and accessibility. Mechanically, the ordinary relied on a direct-drive system without a chain or gears, where the rider's pedals cranked the front wheel axle, enabling speeds of up to 20 miles per hour on smooth surfaces due to the wheel's large circumference. However, this setup posed notable risks, including the "header"—a forward somersault over the handlebars upon sudden stops or obstacles—which frequently resulted in severe injuries given the rider's elevated position up to 5 feet above the ground.^[96]^[97] Culturally, the ordinary bicycle became a symbol of Victorian-era mobility and technological progress, embodying speed and independence for affluent urbanites and fostering the growth of cycling clubs and social outings in Britain and beyond during the 1870s and 1880s. It gained prominence in competitive racing, with events on grass tracks and roads attracting crowds and highlighting the machine's exhilarating yet perilous nature. By the 1890s, however, its popularity waned with the advent of the chain-driven safety bicycle around 1885 and John Boyd Dunlop's pneumatic tires in 1888, which offered greater safety, comfort, and practicality for everyday use.^[98]^[99] As of 2025, original ordinary bicycles are preserved in institutions such as the Science Museum in London, where examples like an 1880s model illustrate their engineering and historical role in transportation evolution. Modern replicas, produced by manufacturers like Worksman Cycles, support vintage cycling enthusiasts and recreational events, allowing contemporary riders to experience the design's unique challenges while promoting awareness of cycling heritage.^[100]^[101]

Products

The Ordinary (Cosmetics)

The Ordinary is a Canadian skincare brand launched in 2016 by Deciem Beauty Group Inc., a multi-brand company founded in 2013 by Brandon Truaxe in Toronto. Truaxe, who died in 2019 amid earlier company controversies including a 2018 crisis that nearly led to Deciem's shutdown (averted by Estée Lauder's investment), shaped its innovative approach.^[102]^[103]^[104]^[105] The brand gained prominence under Deciem's umbrella, which emphasizes innovative, science-driven formulations, and became a subsidiary of The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. following a majority stake acquisition in 2021, with full ownership completed in 2024 for approximately $1.7 billion.^[106]^[107] From its inception, The Ordinary has prioritized accessibility, offering high-quality, clinically tested products at low price points to democratize effective skincare.^[108] Central to the brand's philosophy is transparency in ingredient disclosure and a focus on clinically proven actives without unnecessary additives, enabling consumers to build customized routines based on specific skin concerns.^[102] Products feature straightforward, no-frills packaging—often simple dropper bottles with clear labeling—to keep costs down, with many serums priced under $10.^[109] Key offerings include the Niacinamide 10% + Zinc 1% serum, which targets blemishes, congestion, and uneven skin tone through its high concentration of vitamin B3 and zinc PCA, and the Hyaluronic Acid 2% + B5 serum, a lightweight hydrator that supports moisture retention with multiple molecular weights of hyaluronic acid and ceramides.^[110]^[111] Other popular actives, such as retinol in various strengths, address anti-aging and texture improvement, all formulated to be vegan, cruelty-free, and gluten-free. The Ordinary achieved significant market impact in the 2020s, becoming a viral sensation on social media platforms like TikTok, where it amassed over 1.1 million followers and 13.3 million likes by 2023 as the top skincare brand on the platform.^[112] Its affordable, results-oriented approach drove strong growth, with brand sales exceeding $500 million in fiscal year 2023, propelled by double-digit increases and widespread consumer endorsements for efficacy.^[113] By 2025, The Ordinary expanded its portfolio into body care with a new line of ingredient-focused products launched in 2024, alongside market entries in China and availability on Amazon Premium Beauty.^[114]^[115] The brand maintains commitment to clean beauty standards through its science-led, transparent formulations while ensuring compliance with evolving EU regulations, including restrictions on substances like retinol equivalents and triclosan effective from November 2025.^[102]^[116]

Heraldry

Ordinary (Charge)

In heraldry, an ordinary—or more precisely, a chief ordinary—is a simple, symmetrical geometric charge composed of straight lines that occupies a significant portion of the shield, typically extending from side to side or from top to bottom. These basic forms include the chief (a horizontal band across the top third of the shield), the pale (a vertical band down the center), the bend (a diagonal band from upper left to lower right), the fess (a horizontal band across the center), the cross (a figure formed by a pale and fess intersecting at the center), the saltire (a diagonal cross formed by two bends crossing), and the chevron (an inverted V-shape pointing upward from the base).^[117] These seven are recognized as the principal or honorable ordinaries, distinguished from more complex subordinaries by their simplicity and prominence in early armorial designs.^[118] Ordinaries emerged as standardized elements in 12th-century European armory, particularly in England and France, where they provided clear, identifiable patterns for knights on the battlefield amid the chaos of tournaments and combat. By the mid-1200s, they formed the core of most coats of arms, allowing for quick recognition at a distance. A notable example from English heraldry is the ancient arms of the House of Percy, blazoned as azure, five fusils conjoined in fess or, where the fusils (diamond shapes) are arranged horizontally in the form of a fess, symbolizing continuity and strength in the family's northern English lineage dating back to the Norman Conquest.^[119]^[120] Ordinaries can be varied through charging—overlaying them with smaller figures or devices, such as lions or fleurs-de-lis—and by creating diminutives, which are narrower versions like the bar (a short fess) or bendlet (a slim bend), often used for cadency to distinguish branches of a family. Traditionally, these charges carried symbolic weight: the chief might represent authority or protection, the fess military honor or a girdle of readiness, and bends or chevrons could denote alliances or divisions within noble houses through their arrangement or combination in quartered shields. In modern civic heraldry as of 2025, ordinaries remain essential; for instance, the 2024 grant by the College of Arms to Benjamin Mark Collier features argent crusily on a pale sable four nightingales calling or, incorporating a pale to evoke stability and centrality in a personal achievement.^[117]^[121]^[122]

Ordinary of Arms

An ordinary of arms is an indexed collection of blazons, or heraldic descriptions, organized systematically by the ordinary charges—such as geometric figures or common beasts—depicted on the shields, rather than alphabetically by the bearer's name.^[123] This structure facilitates the identification of unknown arms based on visual elements, serving as a key tool for heralds in verifying and granting new coats without relying on personal identifiers.^[123] In contrast to alphabetical rolls, which list arms by family or individual names, ordinaries prioritize design motifs to aid rapid visual matching in heraldic practice.^[123] The earliest known English ordinary is Cooke's Ordinary, compiled around 1340 and containing approximately 644 coats of arms, arranged by charge types during the reign of Edward III.^[124] This manuscript, now in private hands, represents a foundational effort to catalog English heraldry amid the growing complexity of armorial bearings in the 14th century.^[125] A notable continental example is the Armorial de Gelre, produced in the late 14th century (circa 1370–1414) in the Duchy of Guelders, which registers over 1,700 European coats of arms in color, serving as an influential reference for identification despite its partial organization by rank and region rather than strictly by charges.^[126] Ordinaries are typically divided into sections corresponding to charge categories, such as all entries featuring lions or bends, with blazons listed thereunder to allow heralds to cross-reference for granting new arms or resolving disputes over similarity.^[123] For instance, beasts like lions might form one section, followed by birds or geometric ordinaries, enabling efficient navigation through visual resemblances.^[123] In the modern era, digital databases have revived the ordinary format, with the Dictionary of British Arms: Medieval Ordinary—published by the Society of Antiquaries of London in four volumes from 1992 to 2014 and made freely accessible online in the 2020s—serving as a comprehensive indexed register of over 100,000 pre-1530 British coats, organized by design elements to support contemporary heraldic research and identification.^[127]

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$$140.00 In stockIt is ideal for independent study and for use in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes, up to an advanced level.
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Ordinary Lyrics: Whose eyes am I behind? / I don't recognize anything that I see / Whose skin is this design? / I don't want this to be the way that you see ...<|separator|>
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Ratings Focus: “Ordinary Seamen” & “Seamen” - Civil War Bluejackets
May 11, 2023 · For this installment, we are taking a look at the backgrounds, roles and responsibilities of Ordinary Seamen and Seamen, vital positions within ...
[88]
[PDF] National Maritime Center Documenting Military Sea Service
US Navy (Active, Reservist, and Civilians): ... • Service as a seaman apprentice (SA) or seaman (SN) is equivalent to sea service as an ordinary seaman or ...
[89]
[PDF] Sailor 2025 - Naval Education and Training Command - NETC
We are using the science-of-learning to transform the current training model to modern training solutions delivered at the point-of-need, better prepare ...Missing: seaman | Show results with:seaman
[90]
The History of the Penny-Farthing - Bart the Bike Guy
Sep 25, 2017 · Although Meyer invented what is known to be the first version of the penny-farthing, a Brit named James Starley perfected and became famous for ...
[91]
The Fascinating History and Mechanics of the Penny Farthing Bicycle
Dec 8, 2023 · The penny farthing was invented in the 1870s and quickly became a popular mode of transportation. Its design allowed for greater speed and ...
[92]
1871 James Starley Ariel (Replica of the first penny farthing)
1) Starley & Hillman Ariel patent dated 11 August 1870, presumably when they were both working for CMC. 2) Starley left CMC 27 Nov. 1870 and was making Ariel's ...
[93]
How Dangerous Was The Penny-Farthing? | HistoryExtra
Sep 13, 2021 · With the rider sitting up to 1.5m off the ground, broken bones were all too common in the event of accidents.<|control11|><|separator|>
[94]
Bicycles Have Evolved. Have We? | The New Yorker
May 23, 2022 · “An ever saddled horse which eats nothing,” a Boston penny-farthing manufacturer promised, boasting speeds of a mile in under three minutes.
[95]
https://onlinebicyclemuseum.co.uk/1871-james-starley-ariel-replica-of-the-first-penny-farthing/
[96]
Penny-farthing History and Facts
First invention arrived from John Kemp Starley (nephew of James Starley) who created Rover Safety Bicycle in 1885 that was much easier for use, less dangerous ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[97]
Penny Farthing Bicycle | Science Museum Group Collection
Young daredevils shocked spectators when they raced their 'penny-farthings' round grass tracks at breakneck speed. With a pedal attached to the axle of the ...
[98]
Antique Replica High Wheel Bikes from Worksman Cycles
Free deliveryThese are re-creations of classic Pennyfarthing High-Wheel Bicycles from the late 1800's, also known as Bone Shaker Bicycles, with 52", 48", and 38" wheel ...
[99]
Podcast - Jordan Peterson
Dr Jordan B Peterson and Piers Morgan discuss the art of interviewing, the importance of living truthfully, the pitfalls of sycophancy.Missing: 2022 | Show results with:2022
[100]
Jordan Peterson - Wikipedia
In 2022, Peterson became chancellor of the newly launched Ralston College, a ... In December 2016, Peterson started The Jordan B. Peterson Podcast.
[101]
Peterson Academy
What our students are saying · "Peterson Academy has replaced podcasts as my ritual during my commute." · "These lectures are so good it physically, ...The Boy CrisisMichael Malice
[102]
The Jordan B. Peterson Podcast
Rating 4.6 (32,873) This podcast breaks down the dichotomy of life through interviews and lectures that explain how individuals and culture are shaped by values, music, religion, ...Missing: launch | Show results with:launch
[103]
The Jordan B. Peterson Podcast - Spotify
Join intellectual phenomenon Dr. Jordan Peterson for enlightening discourse that will change the way you think. This podcast breaks down the dichotomy of life.
[104]
Jordan Peterson Goes to 'War' - by Abigail Anthony - The Free Press
Aug 24, 2023 · His podcast has accumulated more than 55 million downloads. And his book, 12 Rules for Life, has sold over five million copies. But a court in ...
[105]
Jordan Peterson refuses to claim Christian identity in heated debate
May 29, 2025 · The episode, titled Jordan Peterson vs Twenty Atheists, saw the 62-year-old field questions from a circle of atheist challengers.
[106]
Jordan Peterson steps away from 'everything' as daughter reveals ...
Aug 15, 2025 · “Being expelled from Peterson Academy for making memes was definitely not on my 2025 bingo card,” she said in a January interview on YouTube.
[107]
Quality Equality Campaign Page - The Ordinary
Everyone deserves access to quality. This belief led to the creation of The Ordinary in 2016, and our philosophy that quality is not determined by price.
[108]
About Us | DECIEM The Abnormal Beauty Company
DECIEM was founded in 2013 by “the beauty world's most exciting disrupter”, Brandon Truaxe. During a four-month co-op at a skincare lab, he became angry at the ...
[109]
The Estée Lauder Companies to Increase Its Ownership in DECIEM
Feb 23, 2021 · ELC will expand its investment in the company behind fast-growing skin care brands The Ordinary and NIOD, and establish terms for full ...
[110]
The Estée Lauder Companies Completes Acquisition of DECIEM
Jun 3, 2024 · ELC closed on the purchase of the remaining interests on May 31, 2024 using cash on hand for an estimated $860 million . The total investment, ...
[111]
What Price Integrity Means to Us | The Ordinary
This belief inspires everything we do at The Ordinary, which was founded on the philosophy that quality isn't defined solely by price.Promotional Terms &... · Quality Skincare Belongs To... · Honestly Communicated...
[112]
What Estée Lauder's Acquisition Means For Deciem And The Ordinary
Feb 24, 2021 · Cosmetics leader Estée Lauder will pay about $1 billion to take majority ownership of Deciem, the parent company of The Ordinary. Jerome Clark.
[113]
Niacinamide 10% + Zinc 1% | 23% Off in Slowvember | The Ordinary
In stock Rating 4.4 (2,522) 3 days ago · This serum contains a high concentration of niacinamide (vitamin B3) and zinc PCA to target dullness, uneven texture, and excess oil.
[114]
Hyaluronic Acid 2% + B5 (with Ceramides) 23% Off | The Ordinary
In stock Rating 4.4 (1,667) Lightweight, non-tacky texture: This second-generation hyaluronic acid serum absorbs quickly and dries to a non-tacky finish, making it suitable for layering ...
[115]
Top 10 Most Popular Skincare Brands on TikTok - Beauty Packaging
Oct 16, 2023 · The most popular skincare brand on TikTok in 2023 is The Ordinary, accumulating over 1.1 million followers and 13.3 million likes on the platform.
[116]
Estée Lauder sees India sales soar 50% on the back of The Ordinary
Sep 4, 2023 · “The Ordinary graduated into our tier of scaling brands, as double-digit sales growth propelled it well above $500 million,” said Freda during ...
[117]
The Ordinary Expands Into an Entirely New Product Category
Aug 8, 2024 · CEO Nicola Kilner details the brand's move into body care, featuring affordable, ingredient-focused products.Missing: clean | Show results with:clean
[118]
The Ordinary Announces its Official Launch in Amazon Premium ...
Jan 28, 2025 · The Ordinary Announces its Official Launch in Amazon Premium Beauty. Press Release, Jan 28, 2025. New York, NY (January 28, 2025) – The Ordinary ...Missing: clean 2024
[119]
Upcoming EU Cosmetics Deadlines: Retinol & Triclosan Bans 2025
Oct 23, 2025 · Stay compliant with the 2025 EU cosmetics deadlines. Learn about new restrictions on Retinol, Triclosan, and nanomaterials under Regulation ...Missing: Ordinary expansions clean
[120]
https://www.houseofnames.com/percy-family-crest
[121]
Ordinary | heraldry | Britannica
In heraldry: Ordinaries. The honorable ordinaries and subordinaries may be generally agreed as numbering about 20. Among them are: the chief, being the top ...
[122]
Medieval Heraldry - World History Encyclopedia
May 22, 2018 · Medieval heraldry originated, then, sometime in the 12th century ... (ordinaries) such as stripes, chevrons, crosses and Y-shapes. Another ...
[123]
Percy History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms - HouseOfNames
Check out the Percy history and family crest/coat of arms. Free Search. Explore the Percy family history for the English Origin.Percy History · Etymology · Early Origins · Early History
[124]
Ordinaries of Heraldry - HouseOfNames
It signifies that the bearer must always be in readiness to act for the well being of the people. It is supposed to occupy a full third of the height of the ...Missing: definition | Show results with:definition
[125]
January 2025 Newsletter (no 77) - College of Arms
A new artistic rendering of the Royal Arms of 1837 and feature the Royal Crown depicted in the form commonly referred to as the Tudor Crown.
[126]
Ordinary of Arms - Augustan Society
For those unfamiliar with the term “Ordinary”, it refers to an index of arms based on the images shown on the shield (or crest). This is most helpful when a ...
[127]
[PDF] THE COAT OF ARMS - The Heraldry Society
The first 1,211 shields of Jenyns maintain the structure of an ordinary, whilst at first sight the remaining 388 shields were seemingly added at random. For ...
[128]
Cooke's Ordinary - The Heraldry Society
In stockCooke's Ordinary. £0. Image ID: V-0204. Device: Arms. Class: Roll of Arms. Medium: Manuscript. Location: formerly Sir Anthony Wagner. Date: Doc ca.1340.
[129]
Gelre Armorial - WappenWiki
The book displays some 1,700 coats-of-arms from all over Europe, in color, and is one of the most important sources for medieval heraldry.Missing: ordinary | Show results with:ordinary
[130]
Dictionary of British Arms - OAPEN Library
This book will help readers to identify the arms that were widely displayed in the Middle Ages and which can now be found not only on tombs, monuments and seals ...