Fact-checked by Grok 2 weeks ago

Cateel

Cateel is a first-class coastal in the province of , in the of the , celebrated for its rich and natural wonders, particularly the Aliwagwag Falls, the highest in the country featuring over 100 cascading tiers that create a stairway-like formation. Organized as a in 1840 during the Spanish colonial period as part of the Encomienda de Bislig, it is considered one of the oldest towns in Region XI and covers an area of 452.5 square kilometers with a population of 44,207 as of the 2020 census. Historically, Cateel's townsite was relocated to its current in 1856, and it transitioned to governance in 1901 with Remegio Magno as its first municipal under the regime, followed by Mariano Dacuycuy under civil administration. The municipality's economy revolves around , , and , bolstered by its verdant mountains, lush forests, and convergence of rivers, forests, and ocean at sites like Long Beach, while streamlined services support business permits and construction to foster growth. Beyond Aliwagwag Falls, which is protected as the Aliwagwag Protected Landscape under Proclamation No. 139 of 2011, Cateel boasts other notable attractions such as the Mahan-ob Falls and the Cateel Bay Walk, drawing visitors to its pristine beaches and eco-parks that highlight the area's tropical paradise status.

History

Colonial Foundations

Cateel, located in the eastern part of Mindanao, traces its colonial foundations to early Spanish explorations in the region, where indigenous Mandaya communities shaped initial settlement patterns. The Mandaya, known for their semi-nomadic lifestyles along rivers and coastal areas, inhabited the Cateel River valley prior to European contact, engaging in swidden agriculture, fishing, and trade with neighboring groups like the Kalagan Muslims. The area was first mentioned in Spanish records in 1582 in Miguel de Loarca's Relación de las Yslas Filipinas, noting its location among the islands of the Philippines, though earlier expeditions had reached nearby coastal areas in the mid-16th century. This early documentation marked Cateel as one of the initial points of Spanish penetration in Mindanao, facilitating gradual evangelization efforts that introduced Catholicism among coastal settlements. By the 17th century, missionaries such as Fr. Miguel de Sto. Tomas and Sgt. Juan Camacho de la Peña arrived in 1610 at Sitio Lapad (now Barangay San Rafael), establishing a foothold that blended Mandaya traditions with Christian practices, leading to the relocation of communities from inland areas to more accessible coastal sites for tribute collection and religious instruction. During the Spanish regime, Cateel played a significant role in the system, a colonial mechanism for land grants and labor extraction that integrated the area into the broader Province of Caraga. As part of the , Cateel fell under the jurisdiction of Juan Camacho de la Peña, who oversaw approximately 300 tribute payers from Mandaya and other local groups, contributing rice, abaca, and other goods to authorities. The Province of Caraga, encompassing encomiendas like , Surigao, , and , served as an administrative unit for evangelization and defense against Moro raids, with Cateel functioning as a key littoral village. governors, including Luis Lardizabal, organized Cateel as a around 1840 during expeditions to pacify and Christianize eastern , relocating the townsite from inland Lapad to the current coastal in 1856 for better access to shipping routes and missionary activities. These efforts transformed Mandaya settlement patterns, encouraging reductions—congregated villages—where indigenous families adopted Catholicism while retaining elements of animist rituals, though revolts in 1631 highlighted ongoing resistance to encomendero abuses. Under early rule, Cateel was formally established as a municipality on October 29, 1903, via No. 21, solidifying its status as the first such entity in tied to historic Spanish docking sites and the rapid spread of Catholicism among early inhabitants. This transition from Spanish colonial oversight to American civil governance built on prior foundations, with the town serving as a hub for administrative and in . Further development included the creation of barrios such as Mainit and Alegria in 1959, converted from sitios under Republic Act No. 2105, which expanded local governance structures from parent barangays like Santa Filomena and others, reflecting ongoing efforts to organize rural settlements influenced by both legacies and colonial impositions.

Post-Independence Era

Following the attainment of Philippine independence in 1946, Cateel continued to function as a municipality within the expansive Province of Davao, maintaining its status as one of the region's older settlements with roots tracing back to Spanish colonial times. A major administrative shift occurred on May 8, 1967, when Republic Act No. 4867 divided the Province of Davao into three distinct provinces—Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, and Davao Oriental—with Cateel incorporated into the newly formed Davao Oriental, whose capital was established in Mati. This reorganization aimed to enhance local administration and development in the eastern portion of the former province, fostering more targeted governance for coastal and inland areas like Cateel. Key events in Cateel's administrative evolution included the separation of territories to form adjacent municipalities, reflecting efforts to improve local management and accessibility. On June 21, 1969, Republic Act No. 5820 created the Municipality of by detaching nine barrios—Ambulong, Andanan, Awa, Cabunsuan, Carmen, (Boston), San Vicente, Tagbina, and Taytayan—from Cateel, establishing as an independent entity within . This division streamlined administrative boundaries and supported localized governance reforms, allowing both municipalities to address their specific needs more effectively amid growing regional demands. The mid-20th century marked a period of notable population growth in Cateel, underscoring its evolving role in Davao Oriental's development. Census data from the Philippine Statistics Authority indicate the population rose from 10,671 in 1948 to 14,586 in 1960, and further to 20,084 by 1980, representing an annualized growth rate of approximately 2.7% between 1948 and 1960, driven by agricultural expansion and internal migration. This demographic surge paralleled broader infrastructural expansions, such as the gradual improvement of local roads and access routes connecting Cateel to neighboring areas, which facilitated trade and settlement in the post-war era. By the late 20th century, these changes contributed to a more integrated local economy and administrative framework.

Recent Developments

On December 3, 2012, , known locally as , made landfall near Cateel in , unleashing winds exceeding 200 km/h and triggering widespread flooding and landslides. The storm devastated approximately 90-95% of structures in Cateel, Baganga, and Boston municipalities, with nearly all homes in Cateel severely damaged or destroyed, affecting an estimated 141,000 across the four hardest-hit areas including Cateel. Immediate response efforts involved the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and distributing food kits and emergency relief to 21,000 people in Davao Oriental, alongside medical supplies for over 300 injured at Davao Regional Hospital. Post-typhoon reconstruction in Cateel focused on rebuilding and livelihoods, with the ICRC providing kits to 250 residents in remote communities to repair homes and supported a holistic relocation site in Mainit featuring resilient and community facilities. The (ILO), in partnership with the Australian Government, implemented medium-term strategies including community-based emergency employment programs and power restoration in 25 across Cateel and , aiding livelihood recovery for typhoon-affected workers. Resilience projects emphasized , such as training on shelter resilience and development of evacuation centers in Cateel to enhance future preparedness. In recent years, Cateel achieved 1st class status in based on income classification by the Department of Finance, reflecting economic progress and improved fiscal capacity. The reached a milestone of 44,207 as per the 2020 census, with preliminary 2025 estimates indicating continued growth amid recovery efforts, marking steady increase from 26,628 in 2010 and supporting ongoing development initiatives into the mid-2020s.

Geography

Location and Topography

Cateel is a coastal located in the of , within the of the on the island of . Its geographic center is situated at coordinates 7° 47' North, 126° 27' East. The occupies a total land area of 545.56 km², accounting for 9.61% of 's overall area. Cateel shares boundaries with adjacent municipalities such as to the north and Baganga to the south, as well as Lingig in the neighboring of and areas in to the west; its eastern edge fronts the . The terrain exhibits a significant range, from 0 m at the coastline to 2,484 m in the mountainous interior. The features narrow coastal plains along the eastern seaboard that gradually rise into verdant mountains toward the interior, interspersed with systems that originate in the highlands and feed cascading waterfalls. This diverse landscape contributes to Cateel's rich , blending and upland ecosystems.

Climate

Cateel exhibits a , classified as Köppen Af, with consistently high temperatures and abundant rainfall year-round. According to the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (), the region falls under Climate Type II, characterized by no true and a pronounced wet period from to . Average annual temperatures hover between 25°C and 31°C, with minimal seasonal variation; highs typically reach 31°C during the warmer months of and May, while lows dip to around 25°C in and . Relative humidity remains elevated at 80-90% throughout the year, fostering persistently muggy conditions. Rainfall in Cateel is heavy and evenly distributed, totaling approximately 2,000 mm annually, though it peaks during the with monthly averages exceeding 230 mm in and . The driest months, from to May, still receive over 130 mm, underscoring the absence of a prolonged dry period. This pattern is influenced by the and occasional tropical cyclones from the Pacific, which enhance precipitation and wind during the latter part of the year. Topographical features, such as the municipality's coastal position and surrounding hills, can create localized microclimates with slightly varied rainfall intensities. The climate's high humidity and reliable moisture support dense and facilitate year-round agricultural activities, particularly for crops like and coconuts that thrive in wet conditions. However, the intense rainfall and influences contribute to significant flooding risks, especially in low-lying coastal and riverine areas, where waterlogging can disrupt soil stability and crop growth. Projections indicate potential increases in rainfall intensity due to , heightening vulnerability to such events and necessitating adaptive measures for local ecosystems and farming practices.

Administrative Divisions

Cateel is administratively subdivided into 16 barangays, which serve as the basic units of local governance and community organization within the municipality. These barangays include Abihod, , Aliwagwag, , , Maglahus, Mainit, Malibago, , San Alfonso, , San Miguel, San Rafael, San Vicente, Santa Filomena, and Taytayan. Poblacion functions as the primary urban center and municipal seat, housing government offices and commercial activities, while the remaining 15 barangays are classified as rural, supporting agricultural and coastal livelihoods. The key population centers are Poblacion, with 9,064 residents as of the 2020 census, and Taytayan, with 5,862 residents, representing significant hubs for community services and economic activity. In terms of historical development, three barangays—Mainit, Alegria, and Santa Filomena—were formally established as independent barrios through Republic Act No. 2105, enacted on April 3, 1959, by converting preexisting sitios within Cateel to enhance local administration. This legislative action reflected efforts to better organize rural areas amid post-war population growth and administrative needs in Davao province.

Demographics

Population Statistics

According to the 2024 of Population and Housing conducted by the (), the Municipality of Cateel has a total of 45,623. This marks an increase from the 44,207 residents recorded in the 2020 . With a land area of 545.60 square kilometers, Cateel's stands at 83.6 persons per square kilometer as of 2024. Historical records indicate that Cateel's has expanded considerably since its formal establishment in 1903, when it totaled 4,101 inhabitants. Subsequent censuses show steady growth: 33,109 in 1990, 38,579 in 2010, and 44,207 in 2020, reflecting an average annual growth rate of about 1.9% over the past century. This expansion aligns with broader trends in , where the rose from 558,958 in 2015 to 576,343 in 2020, and further to 592,990 in 2024. As of the 2025 midterm elections, Cateel had 33,776 registered voters, representing a significant portion of its . The in Cateel has been driven primarily by natural increase—births exceeding deaths—and net in-migration, patterns consistent with rural municipalities in the where economic opportunities in and attract settlers. These factors have contributed to a moderate but sustained rise, with the 2020-2024 period showing an annual growth rate of approximately 0.8%. The residents are distributed across 16 barangays, as detailed in the administrative divisions section.

Ethnic and Linguistic Composition

Cateel is home to a diverse ethnic composition, with the Mandaya people forming the dominant indigenous group, recognized as the primary ethnic population in the municipality and broader province. The Mandaya, whose name derives from terms meaning "the first people upstream," have historically inhabited the coastal and mountainous areas of eastern , including Cateel. Other notable ethnic groups include Cebuano-speaking , who represent migrant communities from the central , as well as smaller populations of Ilocano settlers. Linguistically, Davawenyo (also known as Davaoeño or Minandaya) serves as the primary local dialect, reflecting the Mandaya . Cebuano, the dominant in the , is widely used alongside , the basis of the national language Filipino, particularly among migrant and urban populations in Cateel. This multilingual environment underscores the blend of indigenous and settler influences in daily communication and education. Religiously, the majority of Cateel's population adheres to , a legacy shaped by colonial introduction of the faith during the 16th to 19th centuries. A minority maintains belief systems, often integrating animistic practices with Catholic rituals, such as reverence for spirits alongside Christian . This syncretic approach is evident in Mandaya traditions, where ethnic religious elements persist despite widespread Christian affiliation.

Government and Administration

Local Governance Structure

Cateel operates under the standard framework of municipal governance established by the Local Government Code of 1991 (Republic Act No. 7160), which decentralizes authority to local government units in the Philippines. As a 1st class municipality in the province of Davao Oriental, it is classified based on its average annual regular income, enabling it to receive corresponding shares from national wealth and internal revenue allotments proportional to its fiscal capacity. The municipal government is headed by the , who serves as the chief executive responsible for enforcing all laws and ordinances, supervising the administration of the , and ensuring the delivery of basic services such as , welfare, and . The mayor acts as the presiding of the , the legislative body, and assumes the mayor's duties in cases of temporary or permanent vacancy; the mayor also chairs committees on finance, appropriations, and other key areas as assigned. The consists of eight elected councilors ( members), who enact ordinances, approve the annual budget, and oversee municipal programs, with the mayor and three ex-officio members (representing the youth, women, and associations) rounding out the composition. At the level, governance extends to the , the smallest administrative units, each led by an elected punong barangay and a of seven members responsible for local , appropriation of funds, and community services within their . Cateel's barangay-level structure supports decentralized decision-making, aligning with the municipality's 16 administrative divisions. The municipality's revenue sources include the () from the national government, local taxes such as and business taxes, fees and charges from regulatory services, and shares in national taxes on and other resources. In 2022, Cateel's total revenue reached ₱306.9 million, reflecting a combination of these streams that fund local operations and development initiatives.

Elected Officials and Politics

Emilou C. Nuñez serves as the current mayor of Cateel, having been re-elected in the 2025 Philippine local elections under the Padayon Davao Oriental (PFP) party. Aristotle Abella (Nationalist Party) serves as vice mayor. In a closely contested race against Inyong Veroy of the Lakas-Christian Muslim Democrats (LAKAS), Nuñez secured 14,646 votes, representing 43.36% of the votes cast, while Veroy received 13,624 votes or 40.34%. This victory marks a continuation of PFP's strong hold on local politics, with the party capturing the mayoralty and seven of the eight council seats in the same election cycle. The Nuñez family has been a prominent political in Cateel and broader , with members holding key positions over decades. Notable figures include former Mayor Erlinda C. Nuñez, who preceded Emilou and focused on administrative reforms, and Corazon Nuñez-Malanyaon, a former governor of known for infrastructure development in the region, including Cateel. Local political dynamics often revolve around family affiliations and alliances within parties like PFP and LAKAS, influencing election outcomes in this first-class . Key local issues in Cateel's politics include effective , given the municipality's vulnerability to typhoons and flooding as part of Davao Oriental's disaster-prone eastern seaboard. Under Mayor Nuñez's administration, efforts have emphasized proactive measures such as the provincial "Alab" program for disaster preparedness, which expanded in 2025 to benefit thousands of families through enhanced early warning systems and training. This focus stems from historical events like Typhoon Pablo in 2012, which severely impacted Cateel, prompting ongoing calls for national support in recovery and mitigation strategies. Voter participation in Cateel remains robust, with 33,776 registered voters in the 2025 elections and a turnout of approximately 83.71%, reflecting active despite the close partisan divides. This rate aligns with provincial trends in , where turnout dipped slightly from 98.64% in 2022 but stayed high amid issues like influencing voter priorities.

Economy

Primary Sectors

Cateel's economy relies heavily on and as its foundational sectors, supporting the majority of the local population through subsistence and small-scale commercial activities. Key agricultural pursuits involve the of , which dominates due to the region's fertile soils and , alongside as a crop and abaca for used in ropes and textiles. These activities employ a significant portion of the , though yields are often constrained by environmental factors such as frequent typhoons that damage crops and infrastructure. Fishing provides vital livelihoods for coastal communities, leveraging Cateel Bay and adjacent marine areas rich in and other aquatic resources. methods predominate, contributing to and local trade, with species such as and sardines being prominent catches. The sector faces challenges from seasonal weather variations, which can disrupt operations and reduce catches. The holds first-class income status as of 2024, indicating strong revenue generation primarily from these primary sectors, supplemented by modest contributions from and small-scale . Small-scale operations, particularly for , occur in designated areas within Cateel, providing supplementary income but requiring careful environmental management. Small-scale includes basic processing of agricultural products like drying and abaca weaving, though it remains limited in scope and employment. Despite these activities, Cateel grapples with a poverty incidence of 30.58% as of 2021, higher than the regional average, underscoring vulnerabilities in these sectors. Typhoons, such as in 2012, have historically devastated farming yields, destroying vast areas of crops and prompting post-disaster interventions like sloping agricultural land technology to promote resilient practices. Climate-related risks continue to impact , as noted in broader regional analyses.

Tourism Industry

Cateel's tourism industry centers on its natural attractions, particularly its waterfalls and coastal features, which draw visitors seeking eco-adventures and serene escapes. The flagship site is Aliwagwag Falls, a multi-tiered within the , renowned as one of the tallest in the at 340 meters high and 20 meters wide, comprising over 100 cascading tiers that create a stairway-like formation. This protected area, spanning diverse ecosystems, supports eco-tourism activities such as , , and guided nature trails, highlighting the region's rich including rare bird species and endemic flora. Complementing Aliwagwag are other notable waterfalls like Mahan-ob Falls in Barangay Mainit, a local favorite with a basin ideal for swimming and accessible via a short walk from the highway, offering a more intimate natural bathing experience under cascading waters. Nearby coastal draws include the Cateel Bay Walk, a scenic promenade along the shoreline providing views of the Pacific Ocean and opportunities for leisurely strolls, and beaches such as Aya Lupe, a resort area known for its pristine sands and surfing spots during wave season. These sites leverage Cateel's topography of steep cliffs and river valleys to create accessible yet immersive experiences for nature enthusiasts. The sector experienced significant growth following the devastation from Typhoon Pablo in December 2012, which severely damaged infrastructure and attractions like Aliwagwag Falls but spurred resilient recovery efforts. Post-disaster initiatives focused on eco- development, including the rehabilitation of trails, installation of viewing decks, and community-led projects to promote sustainable visitation, transforming affected areas into organized eco-parks. By 2016, tourism had rebounded, with improved road access from reducing travel time to about three hours and boosting visitor numbers, thereby enhancing local revenue through entrance fees, guide services, and homestays that support livelihoods in fishing and farming communities. This resurgence has positioned Cateel as a key eco-tourism destination in , with attractions like Aliwagwag contributing to economic diversification beyond primary sectors.

Culture and Heritage

Local Traditions and Festivals

Cateel's local traditions and festivals reflect a blend of Mandaya and Catholic influences, shaped by the Davawenyo cultural framework of the . The Mandaya, a prominent ethnic group in the municipality, maintain practices rooted in , agriculture, and community rituals that emphasize harmony with nature and ancestral spirits. The Kutoo Festival, held annually in October as part of Cateel's founding anniversary celebrations, honors Mandaya agricultural customs through vibrant street dances and rituals. This event reenacts the traditional pre-harvesting prayer known as kutoo, where farmers perform seven symbolic footsteps to invoke bountiful rice yields, underscoring the municipality's role as a key rice-producing area. School contingents compete in choreographed performances featuring indigenous attire and movements, preserving Mandaya identity while fostering community participation. Traditional Mandaya practices in Cateel include intricate weaving of dagmay, a handwoven abaca cloth dyed with natural materials like and featuring motifs such as the man-and-crocodile pattern, often created cooperatively by women during communal gatherings. Music and dance form integral parts of these customs, with instruments like the gimbao drum, kudlong zither, and bonabon flute accompanying rituals and festivities; dances such as the kinabua (mimicking hawk ) and basal (a trance-inducing pre-wedding led by spiritual healers) express themes of fertility, protection, and celebration. The bayok, a poetic chanting tradition performed in rhyming couplets, is used in merrymaking, proposals, and dispute resolutions, highlighting oral artistry within Davawenyo culture. Catholicism plays a central role in local celebrations, particularly through the annual Parochial Fiesta honoring St. James the Apostle, the patron saint of Cateel, observed on July 25 with solemn Masses, processions, and communal feasts that integrate indigenous elements like traditional music. This event, marking the 130th anniversary in 2024, reinforces faith and social bonds in the community. The Aliwagwag Festival in further blends these influences, showcasing Mandaya-inspired music, dances, and arts alongside eco-cultural themes tied to the region's natural bounty.

Notable Landmarks

The , located in Cateel, , serves as a key within the Eastern Mindanao Biodiversity Corridor, encompassing one of the Philippines' largest remaining blocks of tropical lowland and supporting diverse reptile species alongside other flora and fauna. This protected area, spanning a major drainage catchment on island, features Aliwagwag Falls, recognized as the country's tallest waterfall with 84 cascading tiers dropping 340 meters (1,110 feet). The site's ecological significance lies in its role in conserving endemic species and maintaining integrity for the surrounding region. Cateel Bay, a prominent coastal area along the in eastern , represents the municipality's eastern frontier, characterized by its expansive shoreline and exposure to during the season from November onward. As part of Cateel's coastal landscape, the bay contributes to the area's through its ecosystems and scenic vistas, integral to the town's as a coastal paradise. Historical sites in Cateel are linked to the colonial era, particularly the 1840 expedition led by Governor Luis Lardizabal, which marked the arrival of the first settlers at Lapad (now San Rafael), where they established initial settlements and docking points along the riverbank. This event facilitated early efforts, with Cateel becoming part of the Encomienda de Bislig system and fully Christianized by the late 19th century through activities that integrated the local into Spanish administrative structures. The relocation of the townsite to the present in 1856 further solidified these colonial influences, transforming inland areas into mission-oriented communities. Among other notable features, the Miracle Nine stands out as a unique coastal formation along a 9-kilometer stretch of Cateel's shoreline, known for its natural beauty and supporting local activities. Camp Sotera, situated on Creamsand Long Beach in San Antonio, enhances the area's natural appeal with its cream-colored sands and clear waters, serving as a serene beachfront site within Cateel's coastal environment.

Infrastructure

Education System

Cateel's education system is primarily managed by the Department of Education (DepEd) through the Schools Division of , encompassing public primary and secondary institutions spread across its 15 and the . Public elementary schools, such as Cateel Central Elementary School in the and smaller community schools like Judge Ernesto Nombrado Memorial School in Taytayan, serve foundational education needs, with many located in rural to ensure accessibility for local children. These institutions focus on basic and under the K-12 curriculum, reflecting the municipality's emphasis on community-based learning despite its remote setting. Secondary education is provided by three public high schools in the Cateel I District, including Cateel Vocational High School (CVHS) in the poblacion, which offers vocational tracks alongside general academics, and Cateel National Agricultural High School, which emphasizes agricultural sciences relevant to the area's economy. Other public options, such as National High School in a setting, cater to outlying communities, promoting equitable access. Private institutions supplement this, notably Academy of Cateel, a diocesan school established in 1962 that provides pre-school through high school with a focus on holistic development. Enrollment trends in secondary schools have shown fluctuations, with provincial data indicating a 15% decrease in 's public secondary enrollment around the mid-2010s, though recent DepEd efforts aim to stabilize participation through targeted interventions. As of the 2024 Functional Literacy, Education, and Survey (FLEMMS), the basic rate in is 88.2% for the population aged 5 years and over, underscoring strong foundational outcomes despite rural challenges. Higher education opportunities in Cateel are facilitated by the (DOrSU) Cateel Extension Campus in the , a state-funded institution offering bachelor's programs such as Bachelor of Elementary Education and and Livelihood Education, with tuition fees applying as per state university rates, subject to annual adjustments. This campus serves local residents seeking without relocating to larger centers like Mati, though many students pursue advanced studies at DOrSU's main campus or nearby institutions in Baganga. Enrollment at the extension has grown steadily, aligning with regional pushes for accessible higher learning in and fields. The education system faced severe setbacks from Typhoon Pablo (Bopha) in December 2012, which damaged 26 schools in Cateel, displacing thousands of students and forcing temporary classes in tents for affected schools, with 569 schools impacted across and neighboring areas. Rebuilding efforts were supported by international and local organizations; for instance, the (UNDP) restored 24 schools in Cateel by clearing debris and rehabilitating structures in early 2013, enabling resumption of classes. The GMA Kapuso Foundation contributed by inaugurating 37 classrooms across in 2014, including restorations at sites like Kinablangan Elementary School in Cateel, addressing ongoing infrastructure deficits and improving resilience against future disasters. These initiatives have progressively enhanced school facilities, though enrollment recovery in typhoon-hit areas remains a focus for DepEd's post-disaster programs.

Health and Transportation

Cateel maintains a network of facilities to serve its rural population, primarily through the Cateel Rural Health Unit (RHU) located in the municipal center. This government-operated center provides essential services, including , maternal and child health programs, and treatment under the Department of Health's National TB Control Program, where it functions as both an Intermediate Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (IDOTS) facility and a Treatment Monitoring Laboratory (TML). The RHU addresses basic healthcare needs for residents across 11 s, supported by barangay health workers for outreach in remote areas. The primary hospital in Cateel is the Davao Oriental Provincial Hospital-Cateel, situated in the , offering inpatient and outpatient services as the main secondary care facility for the and nearby areas. Accredited by the Department of Health, it includes diagnostic capabilities such as clinical laboratories and handles emergency cases, though it relies on referrals to larger hospitals in or for specialized treatment. In response to natural disasters, Cateel's health infrastructure has demonstrated resilience, particularly following Typhoon Pablo in December 2012, which damaged numerous health facilities in Cateel and overwhelmed the district hospital with over 1,000 patients in the initial weeks. Emergency aid from the Department of Health and partners like UNFPA restored basic operations within months, with the Cateel District Hospital regaining and other diagnostic tools by late 2012 to support ongoing recovery efforts. Transportation in Cateel relies on a combination of national and provincial roads for , with the primary route linking the to via the Davao-Compostela-Cateel highway, a journey of approximately 4-5 hours by bus covering about 120 kilometers. Public buses operate regular services from Overland Transport Terminal to Cateel, including routes extended to neighboring , enhancing access for commuters and goods transport. Recent infrastructure improvements include the 8.6-kilometer in Cateel, with construction announced in 2024 to boost rural mobility, and the 8.094-kilometer Cateel Diversion Road to alleviate congestion on main thoroughfares. As part of broader provincial efforts, the Network Plan for (2025-2028) includes projects in Cateel to improve . Coastal access supports limited through small ports and beachfront areas along the Pacific shoreline, facilitated by the Sudoparim (Surigao-Davao Oriental Pacific Rim) coastal highway that connects Cateel to Baganga and other eastern municipalities. These ports primarily handle fishing vessels and occasional inter-island cargo, though larger shipments route through Mati or Davao ports due to Cateel's modest facilities. Electricity services in Cateel are provided by the Davao Oriental Electric Cooperative (DORECO), a non-profit utility serving the entire province with reliable distribution from its base in Mati, covering urban and rural lines despite occasional outages from typhoons. The municipality's is 8205, standardizing and addressing. Accessibility remains challenging in Cateel's mountainous barangays, such as those in the upland interiors, where narrow, unpaved roads and susceptibility to landslides and —exacerbated by —hinder vehicle travel and emergency response. For instance, several barangays face high to very high risks, requiring reliance on footpaths or alternative routes during the rainy season, which affects timely access to health and market services.

References

  1. [1]
    ALIWAGWAG FALLS, CATEEL, DAVAO ORIENTAL - PH World Expo
    Take a trip to the highest waterfalls in the Philippines, the Aliwagwag Falls. With more than a hundred beautiful tiers, it has earned the nickname ...
  2. [2]
    Official Website of Cateel, Davao Oriental | Kanato ini!
    Cateel, considered as one of the oldest towns in Region XI, was once a part of the Encomienda System during the Spanish regime. The Province of Caraga was ...
  3. [3]
    Cateel, Davao Oriental Profile - PhilAtlas
    The population of Cateel grew from 4,101 in 1903 to 44,207 in 2020, an increase of 40,106 people over the course of 117 years. The latest census figures in 2020 ...
  4. [4]
    [PDF] Caraga Antigua 1521-1910 The Hispanization and Christianization ...
    This book covers the Hispanization and Christianization of Agusan, Surigao, and East Davao from 1521-1910, including the first mass and first baptisms.
  5. [5]
    Cateel - Davao Oriental Destinations - Local Philippines
    With its pace of development, Cateel was created into a Municipality on October 29, 1903, under Organic Act No. 21, establishing Cateel as one of the ...
  6. [6]
    The Road to Cateel - Danny Castillones Sillada : His Aesthetics
    In 1610, during the advent of the Spanish colonial era, the Spanish friar Miguel de Santo Tomas and Sgt. Juan Camacho de dela Peña arrived at the northern side ...
  7. [7]
    Republic Act No. 2105 - LawPhil
    Section 1. The sitios of Santa Filomena, Mainit and Alegria in the Municipality of Cateel, Province of Davao, are converted into barrios of said municipality to ...
  8. [8]
    Republic Act No. 4867 - LawPhil
    REPUBLIC ACT No. 4867. An Act Creating the Provinces of Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur and Davao Oriental. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of ...
  9. [9]
    Republic Act No. 5820 - LawPhil
    [ REPUBLIC ACT NO. 5820, June 21, 1969 ]. AN ACT CREATING THE MUNICIPALITY OF BOSTON IN THE PROVINCE OF DAVAO. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of ...Missing: Oriental | Show results with:Oriental
  10. [10]
    Davao Oriental, municipality of Cateel. Little was left standing after ...
    They need everything.” About 80 to 95 per cent of the area has been destroyed in four of the worst-hit municipalities alone, an area with a population of ...
  11. [11]
    [PDF] IOM Philippines Tropical Cyclone Bopha Sitrep No 9, 28 December ...
    Dec 28, 2012 · Around 90 to 95 per cent of the structures in the municipalities of Ca- teel, Baganga and Boston have been damaged, with roofs blown away by ...
  12. [12]
    Rescuers struggle to aid Philippines storm victims | CNN
    Dec 5, 2012 · Bopha also severely damaged almost all of the homes in the villages of Boston, Cateel and Baganga, Davao Oriental Gov. Corazon Malanyaon ...<|separator|>
  13. [13]
    [PDF] ICRC aid to people affected by typhoon Bopha (Pablo)
    ... Davao Oriental. • Provided carpentry kits to 250 residents of an extremely remote community in Cateel, Davao Oriental, to help the community rebuild damaged ...Missing: resilience | Show results with:resilience
  14. [14]
    [PDF] Emergency appeal final report Philippines: Typhoon Bopha - IFRC
    Apr 2, 2015 · The storm made multiple landfalls which delayed efforts to establish the extent of damage in its wake. In its aftermath, the typhoon left ...
  15. [15]
    ILO pursues its medium-term rebuilding strategy in Davao Oriental
    Workers who lost their livelihoods to Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) are now part of rebuilding efforts in Mindanao. The ILO has accelerated its medium-term ...Missing: resilience | Show results with:resilience
  16. [16]
    Promoting a people and job-centred approach to disaster response
    The Australian Government and the ILO have worked together to help affected communities in the two years since Typhoon Pablo devastated parts of Davao Oriental.Missing: post | Show results with:post
  17. [17]
    [PDF] 04.-BLGF-MC-No.-020.2024.pdf
    Dec 9, 2024 · For the information, guidance, and reference of all concerned, attached hereto is a copy of Department of Finance Order No.
  18. [18]
    [PDF] Existing Land Resources
    Davao Oriental is also dominant in land lower than 2000 m which mostly lies on Lupon, Cateel, and Mati Area. The mountain area is stretching along the boundary ...
  19. [19]
    Cateel Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature ...
    ... Cateel are 7.791 deg latitude, 126.453 deg longitude, and 46 ft elevation. The topography within 2 miles of Cateel contains only modest variations in elevation ...Missing: range | Show results with:range
  20. [20]
    Climate of the Philippines - PAGASA
    The mean annual rainfall of the Philippines varies from 965 to 4,064 millimeters annually. Baguio City, eastern Samar, and eastern Surigao receive the greatest ...Missing: Cateel | Show results with:Cateel
  21. [21]
    Impacts of Climate Change on Flood-Prone Areas in Davao Oriental ...
    The future temperatures from the CMIP5 predictions showed that Davao Oriental should experience approximately 1 °C and 3 °C increases under the Representative ...<|control11|><|separator|>
  22. [22]
    [XLS] City of Davao - Psa.gov.ph
    CATEEL, 45623. 74, Abijod, 2152. 75, Alegria, 1854. 76, Aliwagwag, 1365. 77, Aragon, 2458. 78, Baybay, 901 ... Philippine Statistics Authority, 2024 Census of ...<|control11|><|separator|>
  23. [23]
    RESULTS: Cateel, Davao Oriental election 2025
    It has a population of 44,207 as of the 2020 Census, and a land area of 545.56 square kilometers. It consists of 16 barangays. In the 2025 elections, the ...
  24. [24]
    Mandaya, Cataelano | Ethnic Groups of the Philippines
    Both non-Christian and non-Islamic, the Mandaya are found in Davao Oriental and Davao del Norte, Mindanao. Their name means “the first people upstream.”
  25. [25]
    The Mandaya Ethnic Group - National Commission for Culture and ...
    During the Spanish time, the Davaweno group emerged. These are the Mandaya converts into Christianity baptized during the 1870's at the height of Spanish ...Missing: Cateel | Show results with:Cateel
  26. [26]
    Mandaya in Philippines people group profile - Joshua Project
    The Mandaya community has resisted colonialists and outsiders for centuries. They are located in the Davao Oriental province on Mindanao, in the southern ...
  27. [27]
    “Mandaya” derives from “man” meaning “first,” and “daya” meaning ...
    The Christianity that they profess, however, is a mix of traditional Catholicism with their own indigenous beliefs and practices.Missing: demographics | Show results with:demographics
  28. [28]
    R.A. 7160 - LawPhil
    R.A. 7160, the Local Government Code of 1991, aims to provide local autonomy and decentralization to local government units.
  29. [29]
    Municipality of Cateel - Facebook
    Cateel is a 1st class municipality in the province of Davao Oriental. It is the home of the majestic Aliwagwag Falls. Adorned by verdant mountains and lush ...
  30. [30]
    [XLS] FY2022 - DOF – BUREAU OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT FINANCE
    Davao Oriental, Davao Oriental, Province, 1st, 16780140.56, 10044462.54 ... Davao City, City, 1st, 1049034211, 2489016673, 388240726.5, 3926291611, 414021108.4 ...
  31. [31]
    DavOr Gov. Malanyaon dies at 73; remembered as a compassionate ...
    Jun 28, 2023 · DAVAO Oriental Governor Corazon "Cora" Nuñez-Malanyaon passed away on Wednesday afternoon, June 28, 2023. She was 73.
  32. [32]
    Illegal logging exposé touches a raw nerve - News - Inquirer.net
    Dec 17, 2012 · Nelson Dayanghirang (lst District, Davao Oriental), Gov. Corazon Malanyaon and her brother Cateel Mayor Camilo Nuñez. Article continues ...
  33. [33]
    Alab program to benefit 5-K DavOr families - SunStar
    Jan 12, 2025 · The Provincial Government of Davao Oriental has expanded its "Alab" program, which aims to enhance disaster preparedness among residents.
  34. [34]
    Davao Oriental thanks national government for its assistance toward ...
    Feb 25, 2014 · Davao Oriental was also declared insurgency-free by the Philippine Army four months after 'Pablo' hit the municipalities of Cateel, Baganga, and ...
  35. [35]
    Laurito Jr. - PROVINCE OF DAVAO ORIENTAL STATISTICAL ...
    May 16, 2025 · PROVINCE OF DAVAO ORIENTAL STATISTICAL INFORMATION Voter Turnout Comparison: 2025 vs 2022 - 2022 had a much higher voter turnout at 98.64% ...
  36. [36]
    Davao Oriental's Economy Records a 4.0 Percent Growth in 2024
    Oct 9, 2025 · The economy of Davao Oriental recorded a 4.0 percent growth in 2024, slower than the 4.6 percent growth posted in the previous year.Missing: factors | Show results with:factors
  37. [37]
    Typhoon Bopha: Sloping agricultural land technology: A post ...
    Typhoon Bopha: Sloping agricultural land technology: A post-calamity intervention on sustainable farming in Cateel and Boston, Davao Oriental. This knowledge ...
  38. [38]
    [PDF] Fishery
    Davao Oriental has several main fishing grounds such as Pujada Bay, Mayo Bay,. Baculin Bay, and Cateel Bay. Fish and marine resources found in these major.<|separator|>
  39. [39]
    https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/davao-oriental-thanks-national-government-its-assistance-toward-recovery-typhoon
  40. [40]
    Mineral Reservations - Philippine Mining Development Corporation
    ... Cateel, Davao Oriental Province. The designated Small Scale Mining Area under DENR AO 66 is within 7°48'30” to 7°50'00” N latitude and 126°10'30” to 126°12 ...
  41. [41]
    None
    Nothing is retrieved...<|control11|><|separator|>
  42. [42]
    Aliwagwag Protected Landscape - Wikipedia
    It was named after the remote rural village in the municipality of Cateel where Aliwagwag Falls, the country's highest waterfall, is located. ... Official Gazette ...
  43. [43]
    ALIWAGWAG FALLS - CATEEL - Lakawero
    Sep 10, 2013 · Located in barangay Aliwagwag, about 25 kilometers from the center of Cateel, this famous waterfall has a towering height of 1,100 feet with a ...
  44. [44]
    Information about Aliwagwag Falls | Guide to the Philippines
    The area surrounding the falls is rich in biodiversity, home to rare bird species and vibrant flora, making it a paradise for eco-tourism and hiking enthusiasts ...
  45. [45]
    Road to recovery: A 'Biyahe ni Drew' itinerary in Cateel, Davao ...
    Feb 19, 2016 · After Typhoon Pablo, the town of Cateel regains its beauty and remains to be a symbol of the Cateelenos' resilience.
  46. [46]
    10 Top Attractions in Cateel (2025) - Trip.com
    Attractions in Cateel · 1. Campawan Curtain Falls · 2. Mahan-ob Falls · 3. Cateel Bay Walk · 4. Miracle Nine · 5. Aya lupe beach resort · 6. Camp Sotera · 7.
  47. [47]
    A not-so-hidden treasure - News - Inquirer.net
    May 4, 2014 · The devastation wreaked by Typhoon “Pablo” in 2012 did not only kill 17 villagers, but also stalled tourism-related projects that the community ...
  48. [48]
    ALIWAGWAG FALLS: Travel Guide , Budget & Useful Tips (2024)
    Oct 10, 2024 · Aliwagwag Falls is just a 3-hour journey from Davao City. A huge difference to the once 15 hours along the most precarious and treacherous roads.
  49. [49]
    Post - Pablo Cateel & Aliwagwag Falls | Davao Oriental
    Dec 3, 2013 · A year ago typhoon Pablo walloped Cateel, Davao Oriental and Compostela Valley. It was one of the strongest storms that hit the country to date.
  50. [50]
    Kutoo Festival: A tribute to Cateel's rich cultural heritage - SunStar
    Dec 1, 2023 · "Kutoo" is a form of ritual or prayer done by Mandaya farmers in Cateel, Davao Oriental during a pre-harvesting process of agricultural crops.Missing: customs | Show results with:customs
  51. [51]
    Mandaya Tribe of the Philippines: History, Culture and Arts, Customs ...
    Sep 13, 2022 · During the Spanish colonial period, the Mandaya who were resettled in the coastal areas became affluent and built two-story houses. The ...
  52. [52]
    St. James the Apostle Parish - Cateel, Davao Oriental - ParishPH
    - 8205 Cateel, Davao Oriental. Contact Number - 0918-7255432. Email ... - no record available. Date Established - 1894. Feast Day - July 25. Patron Saint - St.
  53. [53]
    Cultural Heritage and Indigenous Tribes of the Davao Region
    Mar 19, 2024 · Explore the rich cultural heritage of the Davao Region, home to indigenous tribes, traditional crafts, and historic festivals that define ...
  54. [54]
    [PDF] Diversity and Conservation Status of Reptiles in Aliwagwag ... - MIJRD
    Aliwagwag is situated in the. Eastern Mindanao Biodiversity Corridor, which contains one of the Philippines' largest remaining blocks of tropical lowland ...Missing: hotspot | Show results with:hotspot
  55. [55]
    Aliwagwag Protected Landscape
    Protected Planet is the most up to date and complete source of data on protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs), ...Missing: biodiversity hotspot
  56. [56]
    Camp Sotera, Philippines - ALL You Need To Know - Sandee
    Camp Sotera is nestled in the picturesque town of Cateel in Davao Oriental, offering a serene and enchanting beach experience.
  57. [57]
    DepEd Schools Division of Davao Oriental - Facebook
    Aug 13, 2025 · Located in Sitio Mantunao, Brgy. Taytayan, Cateel, Davao Oriental, it is classified as a small school under the Cateel 2 District. Led by the ...
  58. [58]
    https://www.protectedplanet.net/555583080
  59. [59]
    [PDF] effects of multimedia instructional materials on learners' academic ...
    Feb 2, 2025 · The study was conducted at Cateel Vocational High School (CVHS). It is one of the three public high schools in Cateel I. District, Division of ...
  60. [60]
    Davao Oriental, Region XI - Schools - National Inventory Dashboard
    Schools in Davao Oriental ; 304309. Cateel National Agricultural High School. Submitted ; 304310. San Antonio National High School. Submitted ; 304311. Cateel ...
  61. [61]
    Members | Davao Association of Catholic Schools, Inc.
    The Diocese of Tagum is situated in the southeastern part of the island of Mindanao and is constituted by the provinces of Davao del Norte and Davao de Oro ...Missing: demographics | Show results with:demographics
  62. [62]
    Universities and colleges in Davao Oriental
    Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology - Cateel Extension Campus · State College, Cateel, Davao Oriental · Bachelor's ₱ 8,000-12,000 per year.
  63. [63]
    List of HEIs and Programs - CHEDRO 11 Official Website
    Davao Medical School Foundation College, Dr. A.Gahol Avenue ... Davao Oriental State University - Cateel Extension, Poblacion Cateel, Cateel, Davao Oriental ...
  64. [64]
    Recognized Programs Per Higher Education Institution in Region XI
    Bachelor of Technology and Livelihood Education. Davao Oriental State University - Cateel Extension (6). Davao Oriental State University – Cateel Extension ...
  65. [65]
    After Philippines typhoon, clean-up brings recovery - ReliefWeb
    Mar 11, 2013 · In Cateel municipality alone, 24 schools have been restored and cleared of debris through UNDP's support.
  66. [66]
    Classes to resume in typhoon-hit provinces by January, says DepEd ...
    Dec 16, 2012 · Thousands of displaced students from at least 445 public schools that sustained major damage from the typhoon will hold classes in tents.
  67. [67]
    GMA Kapuso Foundation welcomes new school year with ...
    Jun 11, 2014 · On June 5, Kinablangan Elementary School was presented with 6 new classrooms while 2 more were restored in time for the beginning of classes. In ...<|separator|>
  68. [68]
    CATEEL RURAL HEALTH UNIT - Healthcare Philippines
    A government owned health center located in Cateel, Davao Oriental . Address. Our Address: Cateel, Davao Oriental; Email address: rhucateel@gmail.com; Web: --- ...
  69. [69]
    82 - Facilities – National TB Control Program - DOH
    Facilities ; CATEEL RURAL HEALTH UNIT - IDOTS, Hospital Rd., Cateel, Davao Oriental Cateel, Public ; CATEEL RURAL HEALTH UNIT - TML, Cateel, Davao Oriental Cateel ...
  70. [70]
    [PDF] DOH-Accredited-Hospitals.pdf - Zesty.io
    DAVAO ORIENTAL. BOSTON. RHU BOSTON CLINICAL LABORATORY. DAVAO ORIENTAL. CATEEL. DAVAO ORIENTAL PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL-CATEEL. DAVAO ORIENTAL. CATEEL. DOPH-CATEEL.
  71. [71]
    Davao Oriental Provincial Hospital - Cateel - HealthSpace Directory
    Jul 8, 2025 · We connect patients with providers through our comprehensive healthcare directory while giving facilities of all sizes equal opportunity to ...Missing: rural units
  72. [72]
    HEALTH CENTERS DAMAGED, VILLAGES NOT RECEIVING ANY ...
    The figures are based only on the number of patients brought to the Cateel District Hospital. There were 16 health centers in the municipality but only three ...Missing: facilities | Show results with:facilities
  73. [73]
    Hospitals, clinics in 'Pablo' areas now functioning - DOH - Rappler
    Dec 24, 2012 · ... Cateel District Hospital and the Baganga Rural Health Unit only had basic diagnostic capabilities. However, microscopes and other medical ...
  74. [74]
    New bus routes added to DCOTT - City Government of Davao
    Jul 10, 2023 · A total of 18 new bus units from a shuttle company now offer trips from Davao City to Boston, Davao Oriental via Compostela-Cateel-Boston and vice versa.
  75. [75]
    The Long Journey from Davao City to Cateel - Tarlaqueno Traveler
    For buses taking the Davao-Compostela-Cateel road, travel time is 4-5 hours. For buses taking the Mati City route, travel time is 6-7 hours, passing by the ...Missing: connectivity | Show results with:connectivity
  76. [76]
    Davao Oriental to Build ₱200-Million Farm-to-Market Road - SunStar
    Dec 27, 2024 · The Provincial Government of Davao Oriental will construct an 8.6-kilometer farm-to-market road in Cateel to improve transportation.
  77. [77]
    [PDF] Division Chief, Planning and Design Division
    Oct 20, 2021 · This road will connect Davao City and Davao Del. Norte to Malaybalay ... CATEEL DIVERSION ROAD, DAVAO ORIENTAL. LENGTH: 8.094 KM. LENGTH ...
  78. [78]
    A trip to Contra Costa, Bagangam, and Cateel - SunStar
    Aug 17, 2015 · Davao Oriental is said to be the last frontier of Davao Region, the Sudoparim (Surigao-Davao Oriental Pacific Rim) coastal highway has made ...
  79. [79]
    ABOUT – DORECO
    Feb 5, 2025 · DORECO is a non-profit electric cooperative providing services in Davao Oriental, with a franchise expiring in 2030, and aims to improve the ...Missing: transportation ports ZIP code
  80. [80]
    8205 - Cateel - Philippines ZIP Code Search & Lookup
    Browse ZIP Code - 8205 - Cateel. Location, Municipality, Province, Region, ZIP Code. Abijod · Cateel · Davao Oriental · Davao Region · 8205.Missing: transportation roads electricity DORECO
  81. [81]
    http://tarlaquenotraveler.blogspot.com/2012/05/long-journey-from-davao-city-to-cateel.html