Fact-checked by Grok 2 weeks ago

Chai

Chai, commonly known as masala chai in its traditional form, is a flavored tea beverage originating from India, prepared by simmering black tea leaves with a blend of aromatic spices such as ginger, cardamom, cinnamon, cloves, black pepper, and sometimes star anise or fennel, along with milk and a sweetener like sugar.^[1] This milky, spiced infusion, where "chai" simply means "tea" in Hindi and "masala" refers to the spice mixture, has evolved from ancient medicinal brews into a daily staple consumed by millions across South Asia.^[2] The roots of chai trace back to Ayurvedic traditions in ancient India, where herbal spice decoctions were used for their therapeutic properties to aid digestion, boost immunity, and promote warmth, long before tea plants were widely cultivated in the region.^[3] The incorporation of Camellia sinensis tea leaves into this spiced milk preparation occurred primarily in the 19th century, driven by British colonial efforts to establish tea plantations in Assam and Darjeeling to break China's monopoly on tea production and create a mass market in India.^[4] Initially promoted through advertising campaigns and affordable access via railway vendors in the early 20th century, tea drinking transformed from an elite import to a widespread habit, with masala chai adapting local flavors to make the bitter brew palatable.^[5] Culturally, chai holds profound significance in Indian society as a symbol of hospitality, community, and everyday ritual; it is commonly shared in roadside chaiwallah stalls, offices, and homes, fostering social bonds and often served during festivals, conversations, or breaks known as chai time.^[6] Its global appeal surged in the late 20th century, particularly in the West, where it inspired variations like the frothy chai latte, while retaining its core as a comforting, aromatic drink enjoyed for both flavor and mild stimulating effects from caffeine and spices.^[2] Today, chai's preparation remains highly personalized, with regional differences—such as stronger ginger in southern India or more cardamom in the north—highlighting its enduring adaptability and role in blending tradition with modern lifestyles.^[1]

Beverages

Etymology and linguistic usage

The word "chai," referring to tea, derives from the Mandarin Chinese term "chá" (茶), which originated in ancient China as the name for the beverage made from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant.^[7] The Chinese character 茶 first appeared in written texts during the Eastern Han dynasty (25–220 CE), initially referring to bitter herbs. Its use specifically for the tea beverage from Camellia sinensis became prominent during the Tang dynasty (618–907 CE), though the plant's domestication dates back to around 2700 BCE in southwest China.^[8] From its Chinese roots, "chá" spread westward along the Silk Road trade routes starting in the Tang dynasty (618–907 CE), evolving into variants like "cha" or "chai" in numerous Indo-European and Semitic languages as tea became a valued commodity exchanged by merchants and nomads.^[9] The global linguistic divergence between "chai"-like forms and "tea"-like forms reflects distinct trade pathways from China. The "chá" pronunciation, dominant in northern and central China, traveled overland via the Silk Road to Persia (as "chây" by the 9th century CE), then to the Ottoman Empire (Turkish "çay"), Russia ("chay" by the 17th century), and Arabic-speaking regions ("shāy" via Islamic trade networks).^[10] In contrast, the "te" variant from the Min Nan dialect of Fujian province in southern China spread via maritime routes, introduced to Europe by Portuguese traders from Macao in the 16th century and popularized by the Dutch in the 17th century, leading to words like English "tea," French "thé," and Spanish "té." This land-versus-sea divide explains why overland-influenced languages in Asia, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe predominantly use "chai" or similar cognates, while Western European languages adopted the coastal "te" form.^[10] Examples of "chai" usage appear in more than a dozen languages, illustrating its adaptation through phonetic shifts and cultural exchanges. In Hindi and Urdu, it is "chai," entering South Asian lexicon via Persian influences during the Mughal era (16th–19th centuries); Swahili adopted "chai" through East African trade with Indian merchants in the 19th century.^[9] Persian "chây," Turkish "çay," Arabic "shāy," Russian "chay," Mongolian "tsay," Japanese "cha," Korean "cha," Vietnamese "trà" (a variant), Kazakh "shay," Uzbek "choy" all trace back to the same Chinese progenitor, with adoptions spanning from the 7th century (early Silk Road contacts) to the 19th century (expanded Russian and British imperial trade).^[7] By the 19th century, "chai" had entered European awareness through Russian and Persian imports, solidifying its place in global linguistic nomenclature for tea.^[10] In modern contexts, such as in India, "chai" commonly denotes a spiced tea variant.

Masala chai

Masala chai is a spiced tea beverage originating from India, typically prepared by brewing a strong black tea base with milk and a blend of aromatic spices. The core ingredients include black tea leaves, such as Assam or CTC (crush, tear, curl) varieties, whole milk, and a masala spice mix comprising cardamom pods, cinnamon sticks, fresh ginger, cloves, black peppercorns, and sometimes star anise or fennel seeds. A sweetener like sugar or traditional jaggery is added to balance the flavors, with typical ratios involving equal parts water and milk (1:1) for a creamy texture, though variations can range from 2:1 water to milk for a lighter brew.^[11]^[12] The traditional preparation method involves a sequential boiling process to infuse the flavors deeply. Water is first brought to a boil with crushed spices and ginger for 2-3 minutes to release their essential oils, followed by the addition of black tea leaves, which steep as the mixture simmers for another 2-3 minutes. Milk is then poured in, and the entire blend is boiled vigorously for 5-10 minutes to achieve a frothy consistency, after which it is strained and served hot. Regional variations across India influence the intensity and sweetness; for instance, northern preparations often emphasize sweeter profiles with more cardamom and sugar, while southern versions tend to be stronger with bolder ginger and pepper notes to suit local tastes.^[13]^[2] Historically, masala chai evolved in 19th-century India from ancient Ayurvedic herbal infusions that used spices for medicinal purposes, gaining popularity after British colonial efforts in the 1830s established tea plantations in Assam to promote black tea consumption among locals. By the early 20th century, it had transformed into an everyday drink, blending indigenous spice traditions with imported tea. Its global spread accelerated through Indian diaspora communities in the mid-20th century and reached mainstream Western markets in the 1990s via commercialization, notably with Starbucks introducing the chai tea latte in 1999, which adapted the recipe into a sweeter, pre-packaged form.^[5]^[14] In terms of health aspects, masala chai offers antioxidant benefits from the polyphenols in black tea, such as theaflavins and catechins, combined with anti-inflammatory compounds in spices like ginger and cinnamon, which may support digestion and immune function. A standard 8-ounce cup contains approximately 40-60 mg of caffeine, providing a moderate energy boost without the intensity of coffee. Culturally, it plays a central role in Indian daily life through chai wallahs—street vendors who prepare and serve it from roadside stalls—fostering social interactions and rituals that symbolize hospitality and community across diverse socioeconomic groups.^[15]^[16]^[17]

Symbolism

Hebrew symbol

The Hebrew word chai (חי), meaning "alive" or "living," serves as a profound symbol of life within Jewish tradition. It is composed of two letters from the Hebrew alphabet: chet (ח), which has a numerical value of 8, and yud (י), valued at 10.^[18]^[19] This combination visually and conceptually evokes vitality and endurance, reflecting Judaism's emphasis on cherishing existence.^[20] In the system of gematria, a Jewish method of assigning numerical values to letters for interpretive purposes, chai totals 18, which has come to represent good fortune and the affirmation of life.^[18] This numerical significance manifests in customs such as giving gifts or donations in multiples of 18, known as "giving chai" to symbolically bestow longevity and blessing.^[21] It gained widespread popularity in the 19th and 20th centuries through amulets, jewelry, and eventually tattoos, often employed as a protective talisman against misfortune, including the evil eye.^[18]^[22] Visually, chai is frequently rendered in stylized Hebrew calligraphy, enhancing its aesthetic and spiritual appeal on items like pendants, bracelets, and mezuzahs—small cases affixed to doorposts containing sacred texts.^[19] These depictions emphasize its role as a portable emblem of resilience, with the letters often intertwined or embellished to highlight their protective essence.^[18] Biblically, the symbol ties to the imperative in Deuteronomy 30:19, where God urges the Israelites to "choose life" (bachar ba-chayim), invoking the root of chai to underscore the choice between vitality through obedience and the consequences of disregard, though the exact word chai is not used in the verse.^[23]^[24] This exhortation reinforces chai as an enduring call to embrace ethical living and divine covenant.^[20]

Cultural significance

In Nigerian Pidgin English and broader Nigerian usage, "chai" functions as an interjection expressing surprise, admiration, disappointment, or distress, borrowed from the Igbo language where it conveys similar emotional intensity.^[25] This linguistic adaptation emerged in the 20th century amid Nigeria's multilingual environment, integrating Igbo exclamations like "chei" into everyday pidgin speech for emphatic communication across ethnic groups.^[26] Unlike its Hebrew origins tied to gematria and symbolism of life, this usage is purely exclamatory and secular, highlighting "chai's" phonetic versatility in African English varieties.^[26] Artistically, "chai" appears in Indian cinema and music, particularly Bollywood, where references to masala chai rituals underscore themes of hospitality, romance, and social connection, as seen in songs like "Ek Garam Chai Ki Pyali" from the 1990 film Baaghi and scenes in Bawarchi (1972) that depict family bonding over tea.^[4] These portrayals have cemented chai's role in popular culture as a comforting everyday emblem, influencing global perceptions through film exports. In Western branding, the "chai latte" emerged in cafes during the early 2000s, popularized by Starbucks' introduction of the beverage in 1999, transforming traditional Indian spiced tea into a sweetened, milk-based drink that symbolized exotic comfort in coffee shop culture.^[27]^[14] These adaptations have sparked controversies over cultural appropriation, particularly in the commercialization of masala chai as "chai tea" in the West, which critics argue distorts its South Asian heritage rooted in colonial tea trade and daily rituals while profiting from simplified, inauthentic versions that ignore historical oppression.^[28] Similarly, the use of the Hebrew "chai" symbol in mainstream fashion by non-Jews has prompted debates about superficial commodification, where pendants are marketed as trendy accessories detached from their protective and spiritual significance in Jewish tradition, potentially diluting cultural depth.^[29] Such discussions emphasize the tension between global dissemination and respectful preservation of "chai's" diverse meanings.^[30]

People

Surnames

Chai serves as a surname of primarily East Asian origin, with distinct etymological roots and variants across Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese contexts. In Chinese usage, the surname Chai (柴) derives from a term meaning "firewood," originating from the personal name of the historical figure Gao Chai during the Spring and Autumn period.^[31] This form is the Mandarin and Cantonese romanization, and it is sometimes associated with the variant Zhai (翟), which in Wade-Giles romanization is also rendered as Chai and traces to ancient tribal or state affiliations.^[32] In Korea, the surname is commonly romanized as Chae (채), derived from Sino-Korean hanja such as 蔡, which historically relates to an ancient state name rather than directly to concepts of property or wealth, though the term "chae" in modern Korean can evoke notions of assets in compound words like chaebol (wealth clan).^[33] It is one of the established Korean surnames with clans tracing back to Chinese influences during historical migrations.^[34] Among Vietnamese communities, particularly those of Chinese descent known as the Hoa people, the surname appears as Sài, a direct transliteration of the Chinese Chai (柴), reflecting waves of migration from southern Chinese provinces like Guangdong and Fujian starting in the 17th and 18th centuries.^[35] These migrations were driven by trade, labor opportunities, and political upheavals, leading to the integration of Chinese surnames into Vietnamese naming practices while preserving their original hanzi characters.^[36] Globally, the surname Chai is borne by approximately 1.1 million people, ranking as the 529th most common surname worldwide and predominantly concentrated in Asia, including China, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Korean communities, with significant diaspora populations in the United States and Kenya due to 20th-century emigration.^[37] Its frequency has remained stable in recent decades, with no major shifts reported after 2000, reflecting steady patterns in ethnic Chinese and Korean populations abroad.^[38] Notable individuals with this surname include figures in business and academia, such as journalist Chai Jing in China.^[31]

Notable individuals

Chai Jing (born January 1, 1976) is a prominent Chinese journalist, author, and documentary filmmaker known for her investigative reporting on environmental and social issues. She began her career as a radio host in Hunan Province in 1995 while studying at Beijing Broadcasting Institute, later joining China Central Television (CCTV) in 2001, where she anchored the primetime news program 24 Hours and reported from conflict zones including Iraq, Afghanistan, and the 2008 Sichuan earthquake.^[39] Her breakthrough work includes the 2013 book Seeing, a collection of essays on societal challenges, but she gained international acclaim with her 2015 self-financed documentary Under the Dome, which examined China's severe air pollution crisis through personal narrative and data, amassing over 150 million views within days of its online release before being censored by authorities after sparking widespread public debate and policy discussions.^[40] Since leaving CCTV in 2015, Chai has continued independent journalism, including a 2023 YouTube series on global issues, solidifying her role as a influential voice in Chinese civil discourse despite government restrictions.^[41] Chai Biao (born October 10, 1990) is a retired Chinese professional badminton player specializing in men's doubles, recognized for his contributions to China's dominance in the sport during the 2010s. Starting training at age seven in his hometown of Hengyang, Hunan Province, he debuted internationally in 2006 at the Badminton Asia Junior Championships and rose to prominence partnering with Zhang Jun and later Hong Wei.^[42] Key achievements include a gold medal in men's doubles at the 2010 Asian Games, a team gold at the 2015 Sudirman Cup, and participation in the Olympics, where he reached the quarterfinals in 2012 with Guo Zhendong and the semifinals in 2016 with Hong Wei.^[42] Over his career, Chai secured multiple titles on the BWF Super Series circuit, including the 2011 All England Open, helping elevate China's men's doubles prowess before retiring in 2019 to coaching roles.^[43] Chae Jung-an (born October 21, 1977) is a South Korean actress and singer celebrated for her versatile performances in television dramas and her contributions to K-pop. Debuting as a singer in 1999 with the album Heartless (무정), she transitioned to acting in 2000, gaining recognition for supporting roles in hits like Taejo Wang Geon (2000) and Lovers in Paris (2004).^[44] Her career peaked in the late 2000s and 2010s with lead roles in romantic comedies and thrillers, including Coffee Prince (2007), earning an Excellence Award nomination at the MBC Drama Awards, and later in Suits (2018) as a sharp prosecutor.^[45] With over 20 dramas to her credit, Chae has influenced the portrayal of strong female characters in Korean entertainment, while maintaining a music career with albums like Heartless (1999), which won her the New Artist Award at the 10th Seoul Music Awards.^[44]

Media and entertainment

Radio stations

Several radio stations around the world bear the name "Chai," drawing from the Hebrew word meaning "life," a symbol of vitality and good fortune in Jewish culture often incorporated into media outlets serving Jewish communities.^[46] Chai FM, broadcasting on 101.9 FM from Johannesburg, South Africa, is Africa's only English-language Jewish community radio station, launched in 2008 by Kathy Kaler during a challenging economic period.^[47] The station operates 24 hours a day, six days a week, offering a mix of news, talk shows, and music including Mizrachi, Israeli pop, and jazz genres, with popular programs such as The Morning Mayhem with Howard Feldman providing morning discussions on current events and Jewish topics.^[48] It reaches approximately 125,000 daily listeners in South Africa and 15,000 globally through live streaming, primarily serving the Jewish community in Greater Johannesburg with content focused on education, entertainment, and community engagement.^[46] Funding comes largely from listener donations, exemplified by annual radiothons that raised R800,000 in 2025 to support operations.^[49] In Israel, Kol Chai (Voice of Life) airs on 93.0 FM from [Bnei Brak](/page/Bnei Brak), established in 1996 as a Haredi and National Religious station targeting ultra-Orthodox and religious Jewish audiences.^[50] The 24-hour, six-day-a-week format emphasizes Torah teachings, news updates, women's programs, and family-oriented content such as children's segments and religious discussions, fostering spiritual and communal connections within Israel's religious demographics.^[51] Like many faith-based broadcasters in Israel, it relies on donations and community support for sustainability, reflecting the "chai" theme of life-affirming Jewish values in its programming.

Music groups

CHAI was a Japanese pop band formed in 2012 in Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, consisting of identical twins Mana (vocals and keyboards) and Kana (guitar), alongside bassist Yuuki and drummer Yuna. The group was renowned for its playful, genre-blending indie pop style that incorporates elements of post-punk, J-pop, dance-punk, and experimental rock, often delivered with high-energy performances and vibrant aesthetics. Central to their music was the "neo-kawaii" philosophy, a self-empowerment movement that reclaims cuteness as a form of personal affirmation and rejects conventional beauty norms, influencing both their lyrics and visual identity.^[52]^[53]^[54] The band's discography highlights their evolution from raw punk-infused roots to more polished, eclectic productions. Their debut album Pink (2017) introduced a raw, post-punk edge, followed by PUNK (2019), which amplified their genre-mixing with tracks emphasizing fun and rebellion. Subsequent releases like Wink (2021), featuring synth-pop and disco influences, and the self-titled CHAI (2023), drawing from 1970s city pop, showcase their broadening sonic palette while maintaining themes of joy and self-expression. These works, released primarily through Sony Music Japan and later Sub Pop internationally, underscore CHAI's commitment to uplifting, life-affirming messages in lyrics that often celebrate everyday vitality—echoing the energetic connotations of their name, derived from the Russian word for tea "chai", inspired by Kana's experience drinking it with jam, symbolizing warmth and renewal.^[55]^[56]^[57] CHAI's international breakthrough came post-2018 with extensive tours across North America, Europe, and Asia, including high-profile festival appearances at SXSW and Pitchfork Music Festival in 2019, which helped solidify their global presence. Their fanbase expanded rapidly through accessible YouTube performances and viral clips that highlighted their charismatic stage presence and inclusive ethos, fostering a dedicated community drawn to the band's message of unapologetic self-love. The group announced their disbandment in January 2024, with their final Japan tour concluding in March 2024, marking the end of an influential era in modern J-pop.^[58]^[59]^[60]

Places and geography

Provinces and districts

Chai Nat Province is a central province of Thailand, established as a modern administrative unit in the late 19th century. It spans an area of 2,470 km² and recorded a population of 329,750 in the 2020 census conducted by the National Statistical Office, with an estimated 313,759 as of 2024.^[61] The province lies in the fertile Chao Phraya River valley, supporting a primarily agrarian economy focused on rice production and lotus cultivation, which form the backbone of local livelihoods and contribute significantly to regional agricultural output. Historically, Chai Nat served as a strategic military outpost during the Ayutthaya Kingdom (14th–18th centuries), witnessing key battles against Burmese invaders, including engagements in the 16th and 18th centuries that underscored its role in defending Siamese territories.^[62]^[63]^[64] Administratively, Chai Nat forms one of Thailand's 76 provinces, subdivided into eight districts (amphoe) and further into 53 sub-districts (tambon) and 503 villages, with governance centered on the provincial office in the capital. The economy relies heavily on farming, which accounts for the majority of the province's gross provincial product, bolstered by irrigation from the Chao Phraya River and local dams that enable consistent crop yields in rice paddies and lotus fields. These agricultural activities not only sustain the local population of around 133 people per km² but also support Thailand's broader rice export sector, with lotus farming providing additional income through floral and seed products.^[65]^[62]^[66] Mueang Chai Nat District functions as the provincial capital and administrative hub, encompassing the city of Chai Nat and preserving ancient ruins dating to the Ayutthaya period, including temple remnants and artifacts that reflect the area's pre-modern strategic importance. These historical sites, such as those linked to defensive fortifications against Burmese forces, highlight the district's evolution from a frontline bastion to a modern administrative center integrated into Thailand's provincial system. While other Thai locations share similar geographic features, Chai Nat's combination of riverine fertility and historical depth distinguishes its role in central Thailand's landscape.^[64]^[63]

Other locations

Wiang Chai District is a northern administrative district in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand, covering an area of 259 km² with a population of approximately 43,000 as of 2019.^[67]^[68] The region is characterized by its rural landscape and presence of hill tribe villages, including communities of ethnic minorities such as the Akha and Lahu, who maintain traditional agricultural practices amid mountainous terrain. It lies in close proximity to the Doi Tung Development Project, a royal initiative focused on sustainable development, alternative livelihoods, and conservation in nearby hill tribe areas, promoting eco-tourism and opium crop replacement with cash crops like coffee and flowers.^[69]^[70]^[71] Chai Prakan District, located in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, is a rural area approximately 145 km north of Chiang Mai city, encompassing diverse ethnic hill tribe communities, particularly the Lisu people, who are descendants of semi-nomadic Tibeto-Burman groups originally from southwestern China. The Lisu in this district preserve cultural traditions such as intricate embroidery and crossbow hunting, while integrating into local economies through sustainable farming. Since the early 2000s, the area has gained prominence for its coffee plantations at elevations of 1,000 to 1,300 meters, where smallholder farmers cultivate Arabica varieties like Typica and Catuai under shade-grown methods, benefiting from the region's tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons to produce high-quality beans exported domestically and internationally.^[72]^[73]

References

[1]
Tea - The Nutrition Source
What western coffeehouses commonly refer to as “chai” is more accurately called “masala chai” or “spiced tea” (“chai” is simply the Hindi word for “tea”).Missing: history | Show results with:history<|control11|><|separator|>
[2]
There's a Lot More to Masala Chai Than Spiced Milk Tea - Epicurious
Apr 25, 2021 · Masala chai is a milky, sweet, spiced-filled black tea preparation that originated in India but today is enjoyed throughout South Asia and the diaspora.Missing: definition significance
[3]
https://yatrichai.com/blogs/articles/2023-07-07-the-origins-of-masala-chai
[4]
[PDF] Chai as a Colonial Creation: The British Empire's Cultivation of Tea ...
Britain's colonial control over. Western India and strong navy gave them the means and the power to instigate tea cultivation in. India, and their doing so ...Missing: definition | Show results with:definition
[5]
The History of Masala Chai - The Spruce Eats
Jun 24, 2022 · According to lore, masala chai's history began thousands of years ago in an ancient royal court. Some legends say it was created 9,000 years ...Missing: definition | Show results with:definition
[6]
Masala chai and its cultural significance in India - Eating Better
Nov 7, 2023 · The origins of masala chai. Masala chai traces its roots back centuries ago in the ancient land of India. · Traditional preparation and ...Missing: definition | Show results with:definition
[7]
Chai - Etymology, Origin & Meaning
The two forms reflect two paths of transmission: chaa, etc. are from Portuguese cha, via Macao, from Mandarin (Chinese) ch'a. The later form, which became ...
[8]
Tea: A Very Short History - China Heritage Quarterly
Before the character cha came into use in the Han dynasty, the plant was known under different names, such as tu, jia, ming, and chuan. Among there early names, ...
[9]
(PDF) From "Cha" to "Chai" along the Silk Road Corridor
Jan 6, 2020 · Tea, known as "chāi, ‫چا‬ ‫ی‬ " in the New Persian language, has a rich and complex history within the Persianate world. Its spread and adoption ...
[10]
A cup of tea… or cha? | FAO
Both words originate in China, which is widely believed to be the 'home of tea' and where the plant was first domesticated, and come from the Chinese character ...
[11]
Masala Chai Recipe (Masala Tea) - Swasthi's Recipes
Rating 5.0 (329) · 10 minSep 16, 2023 · An ideal ratio of water to milk can range from 1:1 to 3:1 depending on the kind of milk – homogenized, non-homogenized, toned and raw milk . In ...Ginger Milk Tea (Adrak Chai) · Indian Spices · Chai Spice · Chai Latte Recipe
[12]
Authentic Masala Chai Tea - Feasting At Home
Rating 5.0 (147) · 20 minJan 2, 2019 · Ingredients · 4–5 whole green cardamom pods (or sub white cardamom pods) · 2 whole cloves · 1–2 star anise (optional ) · 4–5 peppercorns (optional)
[13]
Authentic Indian Masala Chai (Spiced Milk Tea)
Rating 5.0 (108) · 10 minJul 7, 2021 · Milk-to-water ratio - Chai should have 2 parts water to 1 part of milk, but if you want it milkier then go with a 1:1 ratio. Whole Spices - Use ...Why this Recipe? · Which Spices are in Chai? · ☕ How to Make Masala Chai
[14]
Masala chai's journey from South Asia to America | Eater Chicago
Nov 10, 2023 · In 1999, Starbucks introduced the chai tea latte. The world is still recovering. The chai tea latte, the first in a series of three tea ...Missing: 1990s | Show results with:1990s
[15]
Chai Tea: Nutrition and Health Benefits - WebMD
Chai tea is a great source of antioxidants such as catechins and theaflavins. These fight oxidative stress and can play a role in preventing cancer and other ...
[16]
What Is Chai—and Is It Good for You? - Consumer Reports
Dec 9, 2024 · The building blocks of masala chai have some pretty solid health benefits. Black tea is rich in powerful health-promoting antioxidants ...
[17]
Tea Tuesday: Meet The Chai Wallahs Of India : The Salt - NPR
a tea vendor who supplies the piping hot, milky brew that fuels the country ...
[18]
What Does the Chai Symbol Signify? - Learn Religions
Apr 17, 2019 · Chai (חי) is a Hebrew word and symbol that means “life,” "alive," or "living." It is spelled with the Hebrew letters Chet (ח) and Yud (י).
[19]
What Is the Meaning of Chai? - My Jewish Learning
Chai (חי) is the Hebrew word for life. The word, consisting of two Hebrew letters —chet (ח) and yud (י)— is a Jewish symbol, frequently appearing on pendants ...Missing: Zohar | Show results with:Zohar
[20]
What Does “Chai” Mean in Judaism? - Aish.com
Chai (חי)” is the Hebrew word for life, and you'll see people wearing it as a necklace (or as a tattoo). The Jewish chai also has a deeper meaning.Missing: luck | Show results with:luck
[21]
Chai: Why Do Jews Give in Multiples of 18? - Chabad.org
Chai (חי) is the Hebrew word for "life." It also has the numeric value of 18. This is why many Jews typically give charity (and gifts) in multiples of 18 ...
[22]
https://tyferet.com/blogs/symbols-heritage/all-about-gold-chai-chain
[23]
https://rabbiblake.org/2021/05/10/why-we-chai/
[24]
Why We Chai | Rabbi Jonathan E. Blake
May 10, 2021 · The word chai means “living” or “alive” (technically, not “life,” although that's how it's usually translated; “life” in Hebrew is the plural form, Chayim).
[25]
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378216620300801
[26]
New Age Jews: Jewish Shamanism and Jewish Yoga - Academia.edu
This article examines the teachings and practices of Jewish shamanism and Jewish yoga to demonstrate New Age Judaism's two key characteristics.
[27]
Haba! Bilingual interjections in Nigerian English: A corpus-based ...
The results show that haba and kai are borrowed from Hausa, chei and chai are loaned from Igbo while mtchew is an onomatopoeic interjection peculiar to many ...
[28]
Interjections and emojis in Nigerian online communication
Mar 15, 2021 · In addition to surprise, Unuabonah and Daniel find the ethnic interjections haba, kai, chai, and chei to 'express strong negative emotions' ( ...
[29]
Chai latte: the all-conquering beverage causing a storm in a coffee cup
Feb 19, 2016 · Probably made it to the west in the 1960s and was introduced by Starbucks in the 1990s as a “chai tea latte”. Came to the UK in the early 2000s.
[30]
Brown and Bothered: Commercialization of chai ignores history of ...
May 2, 2017 · It shows that chai's appropriation comes from a lack of cultural appreciation. When the West takes things that don't belong to its culture ...
[31]
Religious Jewellery: Appreciation or Appropriation?
It seems the two most popular Jewish symbols used in jewellery is the “Star of David” and the Hebrew word Chai which means life. I think the Chai necklace ...
[32]
(PDF) Masala Chai vs. Chai Tea Latte: Cultural Authenticity and ...
Once a symbol of hospitality and daily ritual across Indian households, Masala Chai has evolved beyond its regional context into a commodified global product.Missing: 1990s | Show results with:1990s
[33]
Chai Surname Meaning & Chai Family History at Ancestry.com®
Chinese: Mandarin and Cantonese form of the surname 柴, a word meaning 'firewood' in Chinese. From the personal name Chai (柴), the personal name of Gao Chai ( ...
[34]
Zhai Chinese Last Name Facts - My China Roots
Its meaning varies depending on how it is written in Chinese, and which dialect it is pronounced in. Related Surnames: Chai, Chak, Qi. Associated Dialects ...
[35]
Chae Name Meaning and Chae Family History at FamilySearch
Korean: written 제, in Chinese characters 諸, meaning 'all'; ancestors of this family were originally named Chaegal (諸葛) in Korea.
[36]
Last name CHAE: origin and meaning - Geneanet
Etymology. Chae : Korean: written 제 in Chinese characters 諸 meaning 'all'. This is the only Chinese character for the surname Chae. There are two Chae clans: ...
[37]
Sai Surname Meaning & Sai Family History at Ancestry.com®
Vietnamese (Sái): from the Chinese surname 蔡 see Cai 1 and 2 above. Vietnamese (Sài): from the Chinese surname 柴 see Chai. Possibly also Burmese (Shan): ...
[38]
The Full Names of Ethnic Chinese in Vietnam and Thailand
The ethnic Chinese in Vietnam and Thailand share certain similarities and comparable migration histories. However, differences have emerged due to distinct ...<|separator|>
[39]
Chai Surname Origin, Meaning & Last Name History - Forebears
Chai is a Chinese surname that derives from the name of the ancient Cai state. It is regionally more common in China's Fujian Province and in areas settled by ...
[40]
Chai Chinese Last Name Facts - My China Roots
Where do the Chais come from? Most Chais who left China and settled overseas in the past 400 years likely came from the provinces of Guangdong and Fujian.
[41]
Chai Jing (Journalist and Environmental Activist) - On This Day
Chai Jing is known for her investigative reporting and environmental activism. She began her career in 1995 as a radio host in Hunan Province while still a ...
[42]
The Anti-Pollution Documentary That's Taken China By Storm - NPR
Mar 4, 2015 · The filmmaker, Chai Jing, was an investigative reporter and anchor at state broadcaster China Central Television. She quit her job last year to ...
[43]
Chai Jing, China's Lesley Stahl, returns to spotlight on YouTube - OPB
Apr 11, 2025 · 49-year-old Chai Jing was at the pinnacle of television news. In 2023, she resurfaced on YouTube, and her program has become one of the most popular overseas ...
[44]
Biao CHAI - Olympics.com
Visit Biao CHAI profile and read the full biography, watch videos and read all the latest news. Click here for more.
[45]
CHAI Biao | Profile
Place of Birth: HUNAN ; Height: 185.00cm ; Current Residence: BEIJING ; Language(s): CHINESE ; International Debut: BADMINTON ASIA U-19 JUNIOR CHAMPIONSHIPS 2006.
[46]
Chae Jeong-an - IMDb
Chae Jeong-an was born on 9 September 1977 in Busan, South Korea. She is an actress, known for Suits (2018), Yong Pal (2015) and The 1st Shop of Coffee Prince ...
[47]
Chae Jung-An - AsianWiki
Profile ; Birthdate: September 9, 1977 ; Birthplace: Pusan, South Korea ; University: Dongguk University ; Height: 172cm ; Instagram: chae_jungan ...
[48]
About - Chai FM
ChaiFM is Africa's only Jewish community radio station, broadcasting from Johannesburg, with 125,000 daily listeners in South Africa and 15,000 globally. Its ...
[49]
ChaiFM – it all started with a dream - SA Jewish Report
Nov 23, 2017 · This Sunday, Kaler and her ChaiFM team celebrate the radio station's ninth birthday. Kaler launched ChaiFM in 2008 during one of the worst ...
[50]
Schedule - Chai FM
Daily Show Schedule ; Chai Choonz You Bru. 05:00 to 06:00. [ to ] · The Morning Mayhem with Howard Feldman. 06:00 to 09:00. [ to ] ; Chai Choonz You Bru. 05:00 to ...Missing: Glory Mizrachi
[51]
ChaiFM's listeners raise R800 000 in Radiothon - SA Jewish Report
Oct 16, 2025 · These ranged from pledges by large corporations such as DisChem and Bidvest, to children who donated their pocket money, and even pet-owners ...
[52]
Radio Kol-Chai Listen Live - 93 MHz FM, Jerusalem, Israel
Radio Kol-Chai FM 93.0 is a broadcast radio station from Jerusalem, Israel, providing News, Information, religious programs, and programs for women, children, ...
[53]
קול חי - Kol Chai - Listen Live Israel Radio | AllRadio.Net
Kol Chai, or "Voice of Life" in English, is a distinctive Israeli radio station renowned for its focus on religious Jewish music and programming.
[54]
Haredi party threatens to vote against state budget unless $360m in ...
Mar 3, 2025 · According to the Kol Chai report, Netanyahu and Smotrich offered the two haredi parties a 15 percent hike in the budgets of ultra-Orthodox ...
[55]
CHAI Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More | AllM... - AllMusic
Read Full Biography. Active. 2010s - 2020s. Formed. 2012 in Nagoya, Japan. Disbanded. 2024. Genre. Pop/Rock. Styles. Alternative/Indie Rock, New Wave/Post-Punk ...
[56]
CHAI on Sub Pop Records
Jun 14, 2023 · CHAI is a Japanese band known for playful pop, feminist themes, and their "Neo Kawaii" philosophy, which is a concept of reclaiming self-esteem.
[57]
Meet Chai, the Eclectic Japanese Rock Band Redefining ... - Pitchfork
Oct 17, 2018 · They perform an a capella, Japanese-language cover of ABBA's “Dancing Queen.” These crowd-pleasing embellishments are all in service of the ...Missing: 1990s | Show results with:1990s
[58]
CHAI Albums: songs, discography, biography, and listening guide
CHAI discography and songs: Music profile for CHAI, formed 2012. Genres: Indie Pop, Dance-Punk, Dance-Pop. Albums include WINK, PUNK, and Future Past.
[59]
https://www.stereogum.com/2035726/chai-sxsw-2019-concert-review/reviews/concert-review/
[60]
Chai, a Band With an Ethos, an Aesthetic and a Sound All Its Own
May 18, 2021 · This Japanese quartet undercuts traditional ideas about cuteness, gender and rock bands. Its latest album, “Wink,” is arriving on Sub Pop in the United States.Missing: Coachella | Show results with:Coachella
[61]
CHAI ANNOUNCE NEW SELF-TITLED ALBUM, OUT SEPTEMBER ...
Jun 14, 2023 · Today, CHAI announce their dazzling new, self-titled album out September 22nd on Sub Pop / Sony Music, announce a Fall US tour in support of ...
[62]
CHAI SXSW 2019 Concert Review: What Disruption Really Means
Mar 15, 2019 · It's also CHAI week here at SXSW in Austin, Texas, where the rising Japanese punk band are playing eight shows over the course of three days. I ...
[63]
Statistical Yearbook Thailand 2020
329,750 328,648 2,917 8.8 2,856 8.7 Chai Nat สระบุรี...................................................................... 634,867 637,223 5,536 8.7 5,301 ...
[64]
Chainat (Province, Thailand) - City Population
316,000 Population [2019] – Projection ; 2,470 km² Area ; 128.0/km² Population Density [2019].
[65]
Chai Nat takes visitors on a journey back in time - TAT Newsroom
Jul 1, 2020 · Literally meaning 'place of victory', Chai Nat was first established during the Ayutthaya Kingdom, as a successful base to confront invading Burmese armies.Missing: battles | Show results with:battles
[66]
History of Ayutthaya - Geo - Cities - Mueang Chai Nat
Chai Nat was also one of the Ayutthaya strongholds in the Burmese war of 1766-67, kept by Phraya Ammat with 15,000 troops. His position was overrun by the ...
[67]
[PDF] Thailand - TOPONYMIC FACTFILE - GOV.UK
Administrative structure. Thailand is divided into 76 provinces (Thai: Changwat/จังหวัด) at first-order administrative level (ADM1) plus the capital city ...
[68]
https://www.citypopulation.de/en/thailand/admin/57__chiang_rai/
[69]
Districts of Thailand - Statoids
Jun 27, 2011 · 1099, PostC, Code, Population, Area(km.²). Akat Amnuai, TH.SN.AA, 4711 ... Wiang Chai, TH.CR.WC, 5702, 57210, 0302, 43,465, 259. Wiang Chiang Rung ...
[70]
[XLS] https://www.nso.go.th/nsoweb/downloadFile/stat_mai...
Mueang Chiang Rai District. 11, อำเภอเวียงชัย, 43,937, 44,036, 44,128, 44,314, 44,449, 0.23, 0.21, 0.42, 0.30, 171.77, Wiang Chai District. 12, อำเภอเชียงของ ...
[71]
Chiang Rai Tourist Information - Mae Hong Son Holidays
The province is administratively divided into 18 districts: Mueang Chiang Rai, Wiang Chai ... Doi Tung Palace, also known as the Doi Tung Royal Villa, was ...
[72]
A Mother's Love is Everywhere in Chiang Rai - The Museflower Project
May 21, 2015 · ... rai, chiang rai attraction, doi tung, mae fah luang, princess mother ... Wiang Chai District, Chiang Rai 57210, Thailand · +66-(0)-52-029-823.
[73]
Chai Prakan - Wikipedia
It lies 145 km from the city of Chiang Mai and 850 km from Bangkok. It is a popular location for vehicles to stop on the way to Doi Ang Khang, Fang, and Tha Ton ...Missing: Lisu | Show results with:Lisu
[74]
https://www.lannacoffeeco.com/blogs/news/39670721-history-of-thailand-coffee
[75]
https://www.fulcrumcoffee.com/products/thailand-chaiprakarn