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Expo 2023

Expo 2023 was a planned specialized exposition sanctioned by the (BIE), scheduled to take place in , , from 15 January to 15 April 2023, under the theme "Science, Innovation, Art and Creativity for Human Development. in Digital Convergence." It would have been the first BIE-recognized exposition in , spanning three months on a site limited to 25 hectares as per BIE regulations for specialized events. The event aimed to showcase advancements in digital convergence across creative industries, including theater, , , , , , and , while highlighting 's cultural diversity and ethnic identities. However, on 14 October 2020, the Argentine government notified the BIE that the exposition could not proceed as planned due to the impacts of the and the resulting economic crisis. This led to the official cancellation of Expo 2023, with no rescheduling announced, marking a significant setback for regional hosting ambitions. Prior to the cancellation, preparations had advanced considerably: secured the hosting rights on 15 November 2017 after a competitive bid process against proposals from the () and (Łódź), with the selection occurring via at the BIE's 162nd . The proposed site was envisioned in the Vicente López district of , specifically in Parque del Bicentenario, Villa Martelli, featuring innovative infrastructure such as a pedestrian bridge and boulevard designed to connect existing parks and foster public interaction post-event. An international design competition in awarded the masterplan to Argentine studio ASN/nOISE, emphasizing sustainability by transforming temporary structures into a permanent public green space after the exposition. Organizers also launched calls for ideas in to engage participants on sub-themes like and human development, culminating in selected concepts presented to BIE member states. Despite these efforts, the cancellation shifted focus to future opportunities, including Argentina's subsequent bid for , which it lost to , .

Bidding Process

Candidatures

The bidding process for the Specialised Expo 2022/23, later designated as Expo 2023, was governed by the (BIE), the intergovernmental organization responsible for regulating international expositions. The candidature period opened following the closure of bids for previous events, with governments required to submit a letter of candidature detailing the proposed host city, dates, and theme. This initial phase closed on December 15, 2016, resulting in four countries expressing interest. The initial candidates included for , for , for Łódź, and the for . Each proposal outlined a specialized exposition lasting approximately three months, focusing on themes aligned with global challenges such as , , and human development. However, only three countries—, , and the —advanced by submitting comprehensive bid dossiers by the April 2017 deadline. These dossiers provided detailed plans for , participation, , and legacy impacts, which were distributed to BIE member states for review. 's initial candidature for , themed "Metropolitan Cities and : Cross Border Potentials" and scheduled for March 4 to May 27, 2022, did not progress to the full bid stage. The three formal bids were as follows:
CountryCityProposed DatesTheme
January 15 – April 15, 2023, , and for
June 15 – September 15, 2022City Re:Invented
May 15 – August 15, 2023Healthy People, Healthy : and for All
Argentina's bid emphasized integrating and to address human development, proposing a site along the waterfront with pavilions highlighting digital innovation and cultural exchange. It projected 9.4 million visitors, primarily day-trippers, and aimed to foster long-term urban regeneration. Poland's proposal focused on urban reinvention, leveraging the city's industrial heritage to showcase sustainable city planning and models, with plans for a compact site in the city center. The ' bid, submitted despite the country not being a BIE at the time, centered on health and environmental wellness, envisioning an exposition on the Riverfront to promote global well-being initiatives and attract international participation. Following dossier submission, the BIE initiated an examination phase, including enquiry missions to each candidate city in 2017 to assess feasibility, site suitability, and organizational capacity. These missions involved site visits, meetings with local authorities, and evaluations of proposed and models. The process ensured compliance with BIE regulations, such as environmental and participant , before advancing to the member states' vote.

Voting and Selection

The bidding process for hosting the Specialised Expo 2023 culminated in a vote by member states of the (BIE), the intergovernmental organization responsible for overseeing international expositions. Three countries advanced to the final selection stage: with its proposal for under the theme "Science, Innovation, Art and Creativity for Human Development," for Łódź with the theme "City Re:Invented," and the for with the theme "Wellness and Well Being for All: Healthy People, Healthy Planet." The vote took place via secret electronic ballot during the BIE's 162nd General Assembly in Paris on 15 November 2017, involving representatives from 169 eligible member states. In accordance with BIE rules for selecting hosts of specialised expositions, the first round required a candidate to secure a two-thirds majority of votes cast to win outright. received 46 votes, also received 46 votes, the garnered 25 votes, and there was 1 , resulting in a total of 118 votes cast. As no candidate achieved the necessary threshold, the two highest vote-getters—Argentina and —proceeded to a second round, eliminating the bid. The second round employed a rule. , , won with 62 votes against 56 votes for Łódź, , with no abstentions recorded among the 118 votes cast. This outcome marked the first time a Latin American city was selected to host a BIE-recognized specialised exposition, highlighting the competitive nature of the process where thematic alignment, infrastructure feasibility, and international support played key roles in swaying delegates.

Theme and Objectives

Main Theme

The main theme of Expo 2023 Buenos Aires was ", , and for Human Development", with a specific focus on " in Digital Convergence". This theme aimed to showcase how digital technologies intersect with creative sectors such as theater, , , , , , and to drive human development and highlight Argentina's . The exposition sought to promote international collaboration on innovations that enhance societal progress, aligning with global goals for sustainable and .

Sub-themes

The sub-themes of Expo 2023 were structured to expand upon the central theme of " in Convergence," emphasizing the intersection of , , and societal progress. These sub-themes were outlined in the event's planning documents to guide pavilion designs, exhibits, and discussions, aiming to showcase global innovations while addressing challenges and opportunities in the digital age. Although the Expo was ultimately canceled, the sub-themes provided a framework for exploring how digital tools could enhance creative expression, , and human development. The first sub-theme, "How digital convergence reshapes the and everyday life," focused on the transformative effects of technologies like , , and data analytics on traditional creative fields such as , , , and . It sought to illustrate how these tools democratize , enable new forms of , and integrate into daily routines, from personalized media consumption to augmented urban experiences. Exhibits under this sub-theme were expected to feature interactive installations demonstrating real-world applications, such as AI-assisted art generation and platforms that bridge cultural divides. The second sub-theme, "Socio-economic impacts of the creative industries in the digital convergence era," examined the broader implications for employment, , and . It highlighted how digital platforms can amplify economic value in creative sectors—projected to contribute over 3% to global GDP—while also addressing risks like job displacement due to and unequal access to digital . Discussions and displays were planned to include case studies on inclusive policies, such as training programs for underrepresented creators and strategies for sustainable monetization in streaming and ecosystems. This sub-theme underscored Argentina's intent to position the as a platform for equitable growth in Latin America's burgeoning creative economy. The third sub-theme, "The future of the creative industries in the digital convergence era," looked ahead to emerging trends, including ethical use, immersive metaverses, and for protection. It aimed to foster forward-thinking dialogues on , , and global cooperation, with pavilions showcasing prototypes like collaborative virtual worlds and for cultural trends. By envisioning a future where drive innovation-led development, this sub-theme aligned with the Expo's goal of inspiring actionable solutions for human advancement in a hyper-connected world.

Site and Infrastructure

Location

The Expo 2023 was planned to take place at the Tecnópolis exhibition center in , , specifically within the Parque del Bicentenario area. This site, owned by the national government, is situated on the border between the of and the of , in the Vicente López . Tecnópolis itself is a permanent , , , and venue in Villa Martelli, spanning a large designed for events and exhibitions. The proposed Expo site occupied approximately 25 hectares within the broader 65-hectare Parque del Bicentenario, selected for its existing infrastructure and potential for expansion to accommodate international pavilions and visitor facilities. Located about 17 kilometers northwest of Buenos Aires' historical center, the venue benefits from proximity to major roadways like Avenida General Paz and Avenida de los Constituyentes, facilitating access for an estimated daily attendance of up to 100,000 visitors. Public transportation options include multiple bus lines (such as 21, 28, 111, and 168) and nearby train stations on the Mitre and Belgrano Norte lines, with pedestrian entrances at Avenida Juan Bautista de la Salle 4500. This location was chosen to leverage Tecnópolis' established role as a hub for cultural and technological gatherings, including prior events like the , while minimizing urban disruption through its peripheral yet connected positioning in .

Planned Developments

The planned developments for Expo 2023 Buenos Aires focused on sustainable infrastructure that would transform the site into a lasting metropolitan park after the event. An international design competition held in 2019 awarded the masterplan for the pedestrian and innovation boulevard to Argentine studios Aisenson Arquitectos and ASN/nOISE. The pedestrian was designed to span Avenida General Paz, connecting the of Buenos Aires and the province, symbolizing integration between urban and suburban areas. The adjacent innovation boulevard would incorporate public squares with themed landscapes drawing from global biomes and Argentine cultural elements, fostering interaction and . Additional infrastructure included various pavilions totaling over 78,000 m²: 43,325 m² for international , 12,675 m² for the national pavilion, 10,011 m² for thematic pavilions, 11,444 m² for corporate pavilions, and 1,089 m² for a good practices pavilion. The site would also feature internal and external auditoriums (totaling 14,975 m²), an with 100 rooms, parking for 3,500 vehicles, and 141,912 m² of green and paved open spaces, including a water mirror and environmentally responsible designs to promote . These elements aimed to create a biodiversity park as a post-event legacy, enhancing public access and ecological value.

Preparation

Organizational Efforts

Following Argentina's successful bid in November 2017, the organizational efforts for Expo 2023 were coordinated by a task group under the Chief Cabinet of Ministries, involving six core ministries—including the , the Federal System of Media and Public Content, and the —along with support from additional ministries, universities, and specialists. Hernán Lombardi, as Minister of the Federal System of Media and Public Content, served as a central figure in these preparations, overseeing the development of the registration dossier, master plan, sustainability strategies, and communication initiatives. The legal structure for the organizing entity was slated for announcement by the end of 2018, with full financing provided by the national government. Preparatory progress included the organizers' first formal report to the Bureau International des Expositions (BIE) in June 2018, where Gabriela Ricardes highlighted advancements in site planning, international participation outreach, and thematic alignment with "Creative Industries in Digital Convergence." By May 2019, six international calls for ideas were launched to solicit designs for pavilions, public spaces, and infrastructure, attracting over 200 projects from global participants and resulting in key wins such as the Bridge + Boulevard proposal by ASN/ Architects for site connectivity and ecological integration. In August 2019, the (IDB) approved a USD 150,000 technical cooperation grant to bolster institutional setup, frameworks, and the creation of an innovation park focused on , emphasizing sustainable legacy elements like metropolitan parks and post-expo . Partnerships extended to local communities in , international organizations, and both Argentine and global companies, aiming to secure participation from over 100 countries and foster collaborations in digital innovation and cultural exchange. Organizers projected 9.4 million visits from 6.1 million unique visitors over the planned three-month duration from January to April 2023, positioning the event as a catalyst for economic impact through creative sector development. A follow-up progress report in December 2019 to BIE member states detailed outcomes from the architectural competitions and reaffirmed commitments to and visitor experience design.

Building Works

The site for Expo 2023 was designated within the in , spanning approximately 25 hectares along the border between the city of and . The masterplan envisioned a mix of new constructions and renovations to existing facilities, emphasizing sustainable urban integration, digital innovation, and environmental rehabilitation to transform a previously degraded area into a "" for the metropolitan region. Key elements included five main pavilions, public spaces for thematic exhibits on , , and creativity, and infrastructure to support an estimated 9.4 million visitors over three months. Preparation for building works focused on international architectural competitions launched in 2019 to generate designs for core structures. Six contests solicited ideas for the Argentine Pavilion, international pavilions, themed pavilions, a mini-stadium, and the signature "Bridge + Boulevard" project, attracting 199 submissions from over 2,000 global participants. The winning "Bridge + Boulevard" design by studio ASN/nOISE proposed a pedestrian bridge symbolizing connectivity between the city and , an "Innovation Boulevard" with themed squares incorporating biomes and cultural motifs, and a Park for as a post-Expo legacy. Other selected concepts included modular pavilions adaptable for exhibits and a central plaza for digital convergence demonstrations. Despite these advancements in , no physical or site preparation works commenced, as the project remained in the and dossier phase through 2020. The cancellation of Expo 2023 in October 2020, attributed to the and Argentina's economic challenges, halted all development before any groundwork could begin, leaving the proposed structures unrealized.

International Participation

Expected Countries

Organizers anticipated robust international participation in Expo 2023 , with projections exceeding 100 countries contributing pavilions and exhibits focused on the event's theme of and digital convergence. This expectation was articulated by Hernán Lombardi, head of the Sistema de Medios y Contenidos Públicos and key figure in the Expo's organization, who emphasized the theme's potential to draw global innovators, educators, and cultural representatives for collaboration and exchange. To build momentum for foreign involvement, hosted targeted outreach events, including the third in February 2018, which convened delegates from various Asian countries to explore participation opportunities. A fourth was scheduled later that year to engage representatives from Arab nations, underscoring efforts to secure broad geographic diversity among exhibitors. These initiatives complemented ongoing bilateral diplomacy and visits to BIE member states, positioning the Expo as a platform for over 170 nations to showcase advancements in digital creativity, though formal commitments remained in early stages prior to the event's cancellation.

Pavilions and Exhibits

The planning for pavilions and exhibits at Expo 2023 in Buenos Aires emphasized innovative, adaptable spaces aligned with the event's theme of "Science, Innovation, Art and Creativity for Human Development: Creative Industries in Digital Convergence." As a Specialized Expo, the format differed from Universal Expositions by not requiring participating countries to construct individual pavilion structures; instead, nations were anticipated to establish exhibitions within shared, flexible areas provided by the host. Over 100 countries were expected to participate, showcasing their contributions to creative industries through digital technologies, art, and innovation in these communal spaces. To develop the site's architectural framework, the organizers launched six international architectural ideas contests in , attracting 199 submissions from more than 2,000 participants worldwide. These contests focused on key pavilions and areas at the 65-hectare at Parque del Bicentenario, part of the Tecnópolis complex, prioritizing designs that promoted , , and post-Expo legacy use, such as conversion into permanent cultural venues. The winning projects were announced in October , forming the backbone for exhibits that would integrate interactive displays, installations, and collaborative zones to highlight global in . The Argentine Pavilion, designed by architects Federico Canavese, Martín Rodriguez Frank, and Fernando Vignone, was envisioned as the host country's flagship structure, serving as a central hub for national exhibits on Argentina's creative heritage and digital advancements. This pavilion would host immersive displays blending , , drawing on local cultural elements to engage visitors in thematic explorations. Complementing it, the Thematic Pavilions by architect Gustavo Robinsohn were planned to feature modular spaces dedicated to sub-themes like digital innovation and artistic expression, allowing for rotating exhibits from international collaborators to demonstrate creative synergies. For international participation, the International Pavilions, won by architects Leonardo Jauregui, Leandro Zapata, and Jones, proposed a 15m x 15m structural with relieved slabs for programmatic flexibility, including internal courtyards, terraces, and detachable platforms accessible via elevated bridges. This aimed to provide adaptable enclosures for country-specific exhibits, such as virtual reality installations on digital arts or interactive zones on sustainable , ensuring structural rigidity while allowing indefinite reconfiguration for future events. Adjacent to this, the International Pavilion Building and Mini Stadium, redesigned by Casola, would connect via a new foyer to offer versatile venues: the for compact national displays and the for large-scale and demos, upgraded with enhanced acoustics and to support dynamic exhibits. Public circulation and exhibit flow were enhanced by the winning Public Space, Boulevard, and Bridge project from architects Pablo Pschepiurca, Rodrigo Grassi, María Hojman, and Karla Montauti. The pedestrian bridge, formed by two interlocking "C"-shaped elements, symbolized unity between city and province, leading to the Innovation Boulevard with themed squares incorporating global biomes and cultural motifs. This pathway would guide visitors through biodiversity parks and creative campuses, integrating outdoor exhibits on environmental and serving as a legacy green corridor post-Expo. Additionally, the and Viewpoint by architect Osvaldo Alvarez Rojas was intended as an iconic landmark offering panoramic views, potentially hosting experiential exhibits on digital connectivity and human progress. Overall, these pavilions and exhibits were designed to foster collaborative , with shared infrastructures enabling over 9.4 million expected visitors—primarily day-trippers—to interact with forward-thinking displays on how digital tools amplify for societal benefit. The emphasis on and underscored a commitment to sustainable event architecture, positioning Expo 2023 as a catalyst for ongoing cultural and technological exchange.

Cancellation

Announcement

On October 14, 2020, the Argentine government announced that it would withdraw from hosting the Specialized Expo 2023 in , a decision reached in mutual agreement with the (BIE). The announcement came from Francisco Meritello, the Secretary of Media, who was overseeing preparations for the event, marking a definitive suspension rather than a unilateral cancellation. The primary reason cited was the ongoing , which prevented the initiation of construction at the planned venue in , a large exhibition park in . This decision was compounded by Argentina's deepening economic crisis, making the estimated $700 million budget unfeasible amid restricted public spending. Originally selected by the BIE in November 2017 with 62 votes over competing bids from the and , the expo was slated to run from January 15 to April 15, 2023, under the theme ", , and for ." It would have been the first BIE-recognized exposition in since 1910, anticipating up to 100,000 daily visitors and around 9 million total attendees across five pavilions and three auditoriums. Former officials involved in the bid expressed regret over the withdrawal. Hernán Lombardi, who previously headed the Federal System of Public Media, urged with the BIE for a , stating, "They should negotiate a with the BIE... It's a gigantic opportunity for all and wasting it is madness." Faurie, the former Foreign Minister who led the successful 2017 bid, was also referenced in discussions, though no direct statement from him on the cancellation was included in the announcement coverage. The government indicated openness to scaling down the event to a smaller format with a reduced of about $200 million if conditions improved, but emphasized that immediate to the BIE would be a "no" due to current constraints.

Reasons

The cancellation of Specialized Expo 2023 in was primarily attributed to the ongoing and Argentina's severe economic crisis, which together rendered the necessary preparations unfeasible. In October 2020, the Argentine government formally notified the (BIE) of its decision to renounce hosting the event, citing the inability to initiate construction works at the planned venue of Tecnópolis due to pandemic-related restrictions and public health measures. The pandemic's impact extended beyond logistical delays, exacerbating Argentina's financial instability, with officials expressing uncertainty over the country's capacity to fund the estimated $700 million in required investments for , pavilions, and operations. Although the explored options to scale down costs to around $200 million and sought a postponement of the decision until December 2020, these efforts ultimately failed to materialize into a viable plan. Secretary of Media Francisco Meritello emphasized the need for additional time to evaluate feasibility amid the crisis, stating it was "impossible to decide now" given the economic pressures. The decision was reached in mutual agreement with the BIE, avoiding a unilateral and reflecting broader challenges faced by international events during the emergency. Despite the expo's potential to attract up to 9 million visitors and boost as the first BIE-recognized event in , the combined effects of health risks, construction halts, and fiscal constraints outweighed any benefits, leading to the event's indefinite suspension without rescheduling.

Aftermath

Immediate Consequences

The cancellation of Expo 2023 in , announced in October 2020, provided immediate financial relief to the Argentine government amid the and economic crisis, as it averted commitments to an event originally budgeted at approximately $700 million, with proposals to scale it down to $200 million deemed unfeasible. Preparatory infrastructure projects, including a planned pedestrian bridge connecting Villa Martelli to Parque Sarmiento, were promptly halted, preventing further expenditure on site development that was scheduled to begin that year. The decision, communicated directly to the (BIE), was accepted without immediate pushback, resulting in the absence of a Specialized Expo in 2023 and shifting the focus to future events like Expo 2027. Diplomatically, the withdrawal surprised officials and former organizers, who viewed it as a lost opportunity to host the first BIE-recognized expo in , potentially drawing 9 million visitors and boosting . Critics, including Hernán Lombardi, a key figure in the original bid, argued that negotiations for postponement—similar to Dubai's delay—could have preserved the event's benefits, calling the outright abandonment "a madness" that squandered global projection for .

Legacy and Impact

The cancellation of Expo 2023 represented a profound missed opportunity for , as it would have been the first (BIE)-recognized world exposition hosted in , potentially elevating the country's profile in global and innovation. Planned to draw approximately 9 million tourists over three months at the Tecnópolis site, the event was expected to stimulate economic activity through , job creation, and collaboration under the theme of ", Innovation, Art, and Creativity for Human Development." However, the definitive suspension in October 2020, agreed upon mutually with the BIE, precluded these benefits amid the pandemic's disruptions to construction and planning. In the aftermath, the decision contributed to a diplomatic setback for Argentina's standing in event hosting. Following the , the pursued a bid for the specialized with as the proposed site, but it faltered dramatically, securing only 8 out of 139 votes in the first round of BIE voting on June 21, 2023—a stark contrast to the 62 votes that won the 2023 bid in 2017. This outcome underscored a perceived erosion of support, attributed by former officials to policy inconsistencies and diminished foreign relations momentum. The BIE subsequently awarded the to , , leaving without a near-term opportunity to reclaim such a platform. Despite the absence of the event, preparatory efforts yielded some intangible legacies, including advanced conceptual designs for a post-expo "Campus of Creativity" biodiversity park at the site, though these were not realized due to the early cancellation. No significant physical infrastructure was completed, minimizing direct economic losses from sunk costs, but the foregone influx—projected at daily peaks of 100,000 visitors—exacerbated Argentina's post-pandemic recovery challenges in the cultural and creative sectors.

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    Jun 22, 2023 · Derrota diplomática: tras cancelar a Buenos Aires como sede de la Expo 2023, el Gobierno candidateó a Bariloche y perdió. Argentina ganó en 2017 ...
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    La Argentina se bajó de la organización y no será sede de la Expo Mundial 2023, un megaevento de impacto global - Yahoo Noticias
    ### Summary of Argentina Withdrawing from Hosting Expo 2023