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Fan Controlled Football

Fan Controlled Football (FCF) is a professional 7-on-7 indoor American football league that innovatively integrates fan participation, allowing supporters to control offensive plays, draft rosters, select coaches, and influence team branding in real time via a dedicated mobile app. Founded in 2020 by entrepreneurs Grant Cohen, Sohrob Farudi, Patrick Dees, and former NFL player Ray Austin, the league emerged from a 2016 experiment demonstrating that fan-directed teams outperformed traditionally managed ones in semi-professional play. Drawing inspiration from esports and interactive entertainment, FCF aimed to bridge traditional sports with digital engagement, targeting younger audiences through streaming platforms like Twitch and NBCLX. The league's unique format featured games on a 50-yard field divided into four 12.5-yard zones, with no kickoffs, punts, or field goals; instead, possessions began with rock-paper-scissors, and scoring emphasized touchdowns worth six points, with fans voting on a one-point extra point or two-point conversion. Matches consisted of two 20-minute halves, typically lasting about one hour, and were played indoors to facilitate quick, high-scoring action in a controlled environment. Fans accessed a unified playbook through the FCF app to vote on plays during offensive drives, with results instantly relayed to on-field coaches and players, creating a hybrid of live athletics and video gaming. Additional interactive elements included weekly player drafts, ownership of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) for team governance, and celebrity investors like Quavo, Marshawn Lynch, and Rachel Lindsay who co-owned franchises. FCF launched its inaugural season in February 2021 with four teams in , expanding to eight franchises in for the 2022 campaign at the historic Pullman Yards venue. The league attracted high-profile former talent, including quarterbacks and , wide receivers and , and running back , alongside celebrities participating in exhibition games such as , , and . Season 1 culminated in the Wild Aces defeating the Glacier Boyz in the People's Championship, while Season 2 featured intensified competition with fan-voted rules like overtime formats. Despite announcements of a third season in spring 2023, FCF canceled it in June 2023 due to financial constraints and challenging market conditions, shifting focus to licensing its fan-engagement technology to other sports leagues and selling franchises for future relaunch. As of 2025, the league remains dormant, with Fan Controlled Sports + Entertainment continuing to develop its interactive platform for broader applications in sports and entertainment.

Overview

League Concept

Fan Controlled Football (FCF) was a professional 7-on-7 indoor that empowered fans to directly influence gameplay through real-time voting via a dedicated . In this format, supporters selected offensive plays from a menu of options, such as four run and four pass choices per down, effectively placing the audience in the role of virtual coaches. The league operated without traditional elements like kickoffs, punts, field goals, or extra points, emphasizing continuous action on a 50-yard field to maintain a fast-paced, entertainment-focused experience. Central to FCF's innovations were mechanisms for deeper fan engagement beyond play-calling, including the ability to players, manage team rosters, and deploy power-ups such as an extra down to avoid turnovers or additional timeouts. Each game consisted of two 20-minute halves with a running clock, designed to conclude in approximately total, contrasting sharply with the longer, stop-start nature of conventional leagues like the . This structure prioritized streaming accessibility on platforms like , with in-arena LED screens displaying fan-voted decisions to heighten the interactive spectacle. The league's overarching goals centered on democratizing sports by bridging the gap between spectators and participants, transforming passive viewing into an active, game-like endeavor that appealed to 18- to 34-year-old gamers and enthusiasts. By eliminating geographic ties to teams and focusing on digital ownership opportunities—such as fractional stakes starting at $150—FCF aimed to create a new category of interactive entertainment that reimagined for a tech-savvy generation.

Operations and Funding

Fan Controlled Sports and Entertainment (FCSE) was established in 2015 as the parent company behind Fan Controlled Football (FCF), evolving from the earlier Project Fanchise concept that originated in 2008 as a satirical idea for fan-run sports teams before becoming a viable startup initiative in 2016. The league's leadership included co-founder and CEO Sohrob Farudi, alongside co-founders Grant Cohen, Patrick Dees, and Ray Austin, with notable involvement from investors such as Reddit co-founder as an early angel backer and NFL alumni like serving as a team owner. Funding for FCF came primarily from , including a $40 million in 2022 led by and Delphi Digital—firms focused on and investments—building on earlier seed funding from , Talis Capital, and Ventures. Later integrations with and NFTs enabled fan ownership models, such as NFT-governed expansion teams tied to communities like Bored Ape Yacht Club and Gutter Cat Gang, distributing 2,000 FCF Ballerz NFTs to holders for team control. Operations were centered at Pullman Yards in , , a historic 85,000-square-foot venue serving as the league's production and event hub for games to a primarily audience, with capacity for up to 1,500 in-person spectators. FCF's relied on a app structure for fan engagement, generating revenue through in-app microtransactions, merchandise sales, and, following the 2022 season, a pivot toward technology licensing for interactive platforms alongside potential franchise sales to sustain operations. Following the 2022 season, entered a after canceling its planned campaign due to financial constraints and market conditions, remaining dormant as of 2025 while Fan Controlled Sports + Entertainment focuses on developing and licensing its interactive platform for broader applications in and entertainment.

History

Origins and Development

The concept for Fan Controlled Football (FCF) was inspired by a 2008 article on fan-voted management for a minor league baseball team, discovered by the founders in 2015. In 2016, Sohrob Farudi, Patrick Dees, Grant Cohen, and others launched Project Fanchise by acquiring an expansion team in the (IFL) to test the fan-control model with the Screaming Eagles, where fans voted on team names, colors, hires, and select in-game decisions via a . This shift marked the formalization of the interactive format, with Project Fanchise incorporating as Fan Controlled Sports and Entertainment (FCSE) in 2017 to oversee development. Key milestones in the league's buildup included securing early investments and forging tech partnerships to build the infrastructure for fan engagement. FCSE attracted initial funding from venture firms and sports figures, including $3 million in pre-seed and angel rounds, followed by a $12 million seed round in 2020 led by that supported prototype testing, while collaborating with developers to create the Control app, a enabling voting on plays and roster moves through crowdsourced algorithms. By late 2018, partnerships with streaming services like were established to integrate esports-style interactivity, positioning FCF as a hybrid between traditional athletics and digital gaming. In preparations leading to the 2021 launch, FCSE secured the Infinite Energy Arena (now ) in , as the centralized venue for games, designing a custom 50-by-35-yard field optimized for broadcast and fan input latency under 1.5 seconds. The league recruited celebrity owners such as NFL stars and , along with rapper , to helm teams and amplify marketing through social media and endorsements, drawing on their fanbases to beta-test mechanics. trials, building on the 2016 Screaming Eagles experiment, involved thousands of users simulating play calls and drafts to refine the app's and accuracy. FCF faced initial skepticism from established sports leagues like the and IFL, who viewed the fan-driven model as disruptive to competitive integrity and traditional authority structures. To counter this, developers emphasized an esports crossover, incorporating gamified elements like live overlays and NFT integrations to appeal to younger, digital-native audiences while differentiating from conventional football.

2021 Season

The inaugural season of Fan Controlled Football commenced on February 13, 2021, with four teams—the Beasts, Glacier Boyz, Wild Aces, and Zappers—competing in a format over four weeks of regular-season play, followed by . All games took place indoors at the in , with rosters rebuilt weekly to allow for player mobility across teams. The season structure emphasized rapid pacing, with doubleheaders held each week to accommodate the small number of teams. The opening doubleheader on February 13 was streamed live on Twitch, marking the league's debut broadcast and drawing immediate attention for its interactive elements. Subsequent games occurred weekly on Saturdays, building viewer engagement through consistent scheduling at 5 p.m. and 8 p.m. ET. The regular season featured eight games in total, showcasing high-scoring affairs typical of the 7-on-7 format, with teams like the Beasts posting a strong 3-1 record highlighted by an early three-game winning streak. Notable individual efforts included quarterback Johnny Manziel's play-calling for the Zappers, who finished 2-2 despite his mid-playoff injury, and wide receiver Josh Gordon's addition to the Beasts roster in Week 3, boosting their offensive output. Playoffs began the following week with semifinals, where the 1-3 Glacier Boyz upset the 3-1 Beasts 38-20, while the 2-2 Wild Aces routed the 2-2 Zappers 32-6. The season concluded on March 20, 2021, with the People's Championship, in which the Wild Aces rallied from a 14-point halftime deficit to defeat the Glacier Boyz 46-40, securing the title on a game-winning pass from Ed Crouch with seconds remaining.

2022 Season

The 2022 season of Fan Controlled Football marked a significant expansion from the previous year, growing from four to eight teams split into two : the OG Division and the Ballerz Division. The ran from April 16 to May 28, 2022, with each team playing seven games in a format that included four matchups per week, emphasizing fast-paced, interactive play. The top two teams from each advanced to a two-week playoff , culminating in the on 11. This structure introduced divisional competition for the first time, fostering rivalries and clearer paths to the postseason while highlighting the league's growth in scale and fan engagement. Team dynamics were defined by dramatic turnarounds and standout performances, with the Zappers exemplifying by overcoming an 0-4 start to win out the regular season and secure a playoff spot through key defensive stands, including critical stops in close victories. In the Ballerz Division, the Shoulda Been Stars clinched the top seed, while the Glacier Boyz and Bored Ape FC advanced as ; the OG Division saw the Knights of Degen and 8OKI emerge strong. Player highlights included Mitch "Cardiac Kidd" Kidd of 8OKI, who led the league in passing with over 800 yards and 18 touchdowns through six games, positioning him as a frontrunner for honors. The season also featured high-scoring outputs, such as the Knights of Degen's league-record 66 points in a single game against the Kingpins, underscoring the offensive explosiveness enabled by the 7-on-7 format. Fan control mechanics amplified excitement but sparked controversies, particularly around power-up usage, where supporters' votes for advantages like extra timeouts or player swaps influenced pivotal moments and drew debate over fairness in close contests. One notable incident involved Zappers quarterback Jason Stewart, who was released mid-season after celebrating a touchdown by smoking marijuana on the field, highlighting tensions between fan-driven spectacle and professional conduct. The playoffs featured semifinal wins for the Zappers over the Shoulda Been Stars and Bored Ape FC over 8OKI, leading to the championship where the Zappers defeated Bored Ape FC 42-24, powered by quarterback Kelly Bryant's efficient performance in place of the benched Johnny Manziel. This victory capped a transformative season that solidified FCF's unique blend of interactivity and competition.

Hiatus and Current Status

In June 2023, Fan Controlled Football (FCF) announced the postponement of its third season, originally slated for May, due to a severe funding shortfall triggered by the market downturn and backlash against the league's heavy reliance on NFTs during its 2022 season. The parent company, Fan Controlled Sports & Entertainment (FCSE), had secured more than $55 million in venture capital, including $40 million from crypto-focused investors like , but shifting market conditions and regulatory pressures on digital assets halted further inflows. In response, FCSE temporarily redirected resources toward Fan Controlled Basketball, an adaptation of the fan-voting model announced earlier for a 2023 launch, though this initiative also faced delays amid the financial constraints. By December 2023, FCSE outlined a path to revival, announcing intentions for FCF's return in summer 2024 with 6 to 8 franchised s across multiple cities, coupled with efforts to license its fan-engagement and sell stakes in the high six to low seven figures to stabilize operations. This franchising approach aimed to distribute costs and leverage the league's for plays, rosters, and fan interactions beyond football. However, the 2024 season did not materialize despite these commitments, and as of November 2025, FCF remains on indefinite hiatus, with the promised first-quarter announcement unfulfilled and no games played since 2022. No further updates on have been announced. FCSE has since pivoted to developing wider fan-engagement tools, including AI-driven platforms and ownership models applicable to various sports, while sustaining operations with 74 employees and ongoing venture funding pursuits. Prospects for FCF's revival depend on forging new partnerships and completing franchise sales, yet persistent hurdles include rebuilding investor trust after the funding collapse and addressing operational scalability in a crowded alternative football landscape.

Rules and Format

Game Structure

Fan Controlled Football games are played on an indoor 50-yard-long by 35-yard-wide field with . Unlike traditional fields, there are no designated end zones extending beyond the goal lines; instead, the playing surface incorporates the scoring areas directly within the 50-yard length, emphasizing a compact, fast-paced environment designed for indoor play. For the 2022 season, games were played at the historic Pullman Yards venue in , . Initial possession is determined by rock-paper-scissors between team captains at midfield. All subsequent offensive drives begin from the team's own 10-yard line following scores or turnovers. Each team fields seven players on the field, with the offensive setup consisting of a , a super back (a versatile position), two wide receivers, and three linemen who serve primarily as blockers without traditional blocking schemes, prioritizing speed and open-field play over lineman-dominant formations. Defenses mirror this 7-on-7 structure, focusing on coverage and pursuit in the shortened field. The league's design highlights athleticism and quick transitions, with no special teams units required. Games are structured into two 20-minute halves with a running game clock that stops only for scores, timeouts, penalties, or injuries, and during the final minute of each half, aiming to complete each contest in about one hour. A 10-second play clock operates after play selection, and teams are allotted one timeout per half, with lasting six minutes. are awarded six points; after a touchdown, fans vote on a one-on-one conversion attempt for 1 point (from the 5-yard line) or 2 points (from the 10-yard line), with the opposing team receiving possession from their own 10-yard line thereafter. There are no field goals or other kicking plays of any kind. Turnovers occur exclusively on fourth down failures, as punts are prohibited to maintain continuous action. Players wear standard football protective equipment adapted for indoor conditions, including helmets, shoulder pads, and mouthguards, but without cleats suited for turf to ensure on the artificial surface. The league incorporates streaming-focused technology, such as lavalier microphones on select players and referees, enabling audio capture for broadcasts and enhancing viewer immersion.

Fan Control Mechanics

Fan Controlled Football enables fan participation through the FCF , where users vote in real time on key game decisions such as offensive plays (including run or pass options), timeouts, challenges, and post-touchdown conversions. The presents multiple play options—typically up to eight, tailored to the down, distance, and field position—and streams live polls integrated with platforms like for broader accessibility. Participation requires downloading the , and votes are weighted based on fan tiers determined by accumulated FanIQ points earned through engagement activities like , , and recruiting. Higher tiers, achieved by leveling up via badges and consistent , grant greater voting influence relative to free or lower-tier users. The voting window lasts approximately 12 to 20 seconds between plays, allowing fans to input choices quickly during live games. Outcomes are determined by the option receiving the highest weighted vote total, with an algorithm resolving ties by prioritizing aggregate influence rather than . This process is managed from a dedicated tech booth that relays the selected play to the coach via headset for execution on the field. Fans can also vote to activate limited power-ups, enhancing strategic options during games. Examples include the "5th Down," which grants an extra offensive down after a failed fourth down attempt, usable once per game to extend drives. Other power-ups, such as the "Power Play" that temporarily removes an opposing player to create a 7-on-6 matchup, are similarly fan-voted and restricted to one use per contest. These features integrate with the streaming broadcast, displaying poll results and power-up activations in to maintain engagement. Behind the scenes, the technology backend supports seamless operation through app-streaming synchronization and for vote aggregation. While coaches provide initial play suggestions and execute fan decisions, the system emphasizes fan input, though participation is limited to app users and does not alter core game duration structures.

Teams

Original Teams

The Fan Controlled Football league launched its inaugural 2021 season with four founding teams: the Beasts, Glacier Boyz, Zappers, and Wild Aces. These teams were established through a combination of celebrity ownership partnerships and fan involvement, marking the league's innovative approach to democratizing professional sports. Rosters were assembled from a pool of over 400 athletes who participated in open tryouts held in Atlanta, Georgia, supplemented by free agents, with initial player selections influenced by fan votes via the league's app. Each team featured distinct branding and themes developed collaboratively with fans, including logo designs submitted and voted on by the community in late 2020. The Beasts embodied an aggressive, hard-hitting identity with a logo depicting a snarling beast, co-owned by former NFL Marshawn , WNBA star Renee , and professional wrestler Miroslav Barnyashev (Miro). The Glacier Boyz adopted an ultra-cool, icy aesthetic with glacial motifs, co-owned by NFL cornerback Richard , rapper , and content creator Deestroying. The Zappers captured a high-energy, party-animal vibe with electric zapper imagery, co-owned by gaming executive Ronnie Singh (Ronnie 2K), podcaster Bob Menery, and MLB pitcher Trevor May. The Wild Aces projected a smart, cunning persona inspired by poker aces, co-owned by NFL Austin , podcaster Greg Miller, and investor Jack Settleman. Unique fan councils, comprising owners and selected supporters, guided strategic decisions like branding and initial roster priorities. In the 2021 season, which consisted of four regular-season weeks followed by , the teams showcased competitive play on a compact 50-by-35-yard field. The Beasts led the regular season with a 3–1 record, while the Wild Aces and Zappers each finished 2–2, and the Glacier Boyz ended 1–3. In the , the Wild Aces defeated the Zappers 32–6 in the semifinals before winning the championship 46–40 over the Glacier Boyz, who had upset the Beasts 38–20 in the other semifinal. These original franchises laid the foundation for the league's to eight teams in 2022. For the 2022 season, the original teams continued with mostly the same branding, though the Wild Aces were rebranded as the , joining the four new franchises.

Expansion and Planned Teams

In preparation for the 2022 season, Fan Controlled Football expanded from four to eight teams by adding four new franchises, each tied to NFT communities and managed through fan-driven decision-making processes. These expansion teams were introduced as part of a $40 million Series A funding round led by and Delphi Digital, emphasizing integration and community ownership. The Bored Ape Football Club (Bored Ape FC) was an NFT-themed team led by prominent members of the Yacht Club community, including Lyndsey Byrnes, Josh Ong (beijingdou), and TropoFarmer. The Knights of Degen featured celebrity backers such as NFL legends and , actor , and analyst , focusing on a community-led model. Team 8OKI, later known as 8OKI Football Club, was spearheaded by DJ and producer alongside blockchain advocate 888. The Gutter Cats, drawing from the Gutter Cat Gang NFT project, included owners like former NFL , content creator SpottieWiFi, and community figures King BlackBored and Dr. Dicatrio. These teams integrated into the league's format during the 2022 season, with fans influencing rosters and strategies via the Ballerz NFT collective, a system allowing NFT holders to participate in team governance. Following the 2022 season, Fan Controlled Football announced plans for further growth, including a potential return in summer 2024 with 6-8 teams as a stepping stone to expanding to 20 over five years, supported by a franchising model that would license the league's interactive technology to new markets. However, these initiatives remained unrealized due to the league's shift toward technology licensing and operational challenges, leading to the cancellation of the third season in 2023. All eight teams from the 2022 season, including the expansion franchises, have been inactive since that year, placing the league in a dormant state with no games played through 2025. Discussions around revival under new ownership structures persist, but no concrete timelines or activations have been confirmed.

Broadcasting and Media

Streaming Platforms

Fan Controlled Football (FCF) games in its inaugural 2021 season were primarily streamed live on , with serving as the exclusive broadcast partner for live coverage on Saturdays, complemented by reruns on FCF's own network (FTF). The league integrated its proprietary FCF app for real-time fan interaction during streams, allowing viewers to vote on plays directly alongside the broadcast feed. For the 2022 season, FCF expanded its distribution significantly to over 10 outlets, aiming for broader accessibility. Key additions included global streaming on for pre-season, regular-season, and post-season games, as well as U.S. linear and streaming coverage on NBCUniversal's NBCLX, Peacock, the app, , , , , and devices. Twitch remained a core platform, maintaining the interactive elements from the prior year. FCF's production emphasized immersive, tech-driven broadcasts with multi-camera setups, including drones for aerial views, HelmetCams on players, and embedded microphones for enhanced audio. Interactive fan-vote overlays were integrated into the streams, displaying real-time play-calling options and results to blend viewer input seamlessly with the action. Commentary teams featured former players and broadcasters, such as providing play-by-play analysis during key games. The league's partnerships evolved from an initial esports-oriented focus on platforms like and to mainstream media integrations with and , reflecting a shift toward traditional sports audiences. Following the 2022 season, FCF paused operations to prioritize licensing its interactive streaming and software for broader sports applications.

Viewership and Reception

The inaugural 2021 season of Fan Controlled Football achieved significant digital viewership, with peak concurrent viewers exceeding 100,000 on during the and total live views surpassing 9 million across the season. These figures reflected strong initial engagement among streaming audiences, particularly on , where weekly totals grew from around 735,000 in the opening week to over 2 million by the . In 2022, the league experienced notable growth, with total live views reaching 21 million—more than double the previous season's tally—partly due to expanded broadcasting on , which enhanced international reach beyond the U.S.-centric streams. Average per-game viewership increased substantially, with early games averaging around 375,000 viewers rising to peaks of 2.5 million for the championship, representing over 50% growth from 2021 averages; the FCF app also saw more than 250,000 downloads during the season. Critical reception for FCF's broadcasts highlighted its innovative fan-driven format, earning praise for pioneering interactive and blending gaming with live athletics, as noted in analyses of strategies. The league received nominations for Sports Emmys in categories such as Outstanding Interactive Experience and Digital Innovations, underscoring the production quality of its streaming broadcasts. However, some observers and players critiqued the format as overly gimmicky, citing the automated play-calling and short-field setup as diminishing traditional authenticity, while its ties to investors raised questions about sustainability amid broader skepticism toward crypto in sports. FCF's approach has influenced broader trends in sports fan engagement, demonstrating how and real-time can foster deeper audience participation, inspiring similar interactive elements in other leagues and digital platforms.

Achievements

Champions

The Fan Controlled Football (FCF) league determines its champion through a postseason playoff structure, featuring semifinal matchups followed by a single championship game known as the People's , with no multi-game series format. In the inaugural 2021 season, the Wild Aces defeated the Glacier Boyz 46–40 in the People's Championship on March 20 at the in . Ed Crouch earned honors for the game, throwing for over 300 yards and three touchdowns while rushing for 100 yards and the game-winning score. The 2022 season saw the Zappers overcome their 0–4 regular-season start to defeat the Bored Ape FC 42–24 in the People's Championship on June 11 at the Pullman Yards in , . Kelly was named for leading the decisive performance, including key scoring drives that secured the victory. Both championship winners—the Wild Aces and Zappers—finished undefeated in the playoffs, going 2–0 across their semifinal and title games in each respective season.

Awards and Recognition

Fan Controlled Football has received several nominations from the of Television Arts and Sciences for its innovative approach to interactive sports broadcasting. In 2022, the league was nominated for Outstanding Digital Innovation for its Twitch-streamed games, recognizing the fan app's role in real-time play-calling and engagement. In 2023, it earned nominations in two categories: Outstanding Digital Innovation for its multi-platform broadcasts on NBCLX, , Twitch, and Fubo TV, and Outstanding Interactive Experience – Event Coverage for the same production. In 2025, Fan Controlled Sports + Entertainment was shortlisted for the Leaders Sport Awards in the Fan Experience category. Beyond the Sports Emmys, Fan Controlled Football was a finalist in the Sports Awards for Best Virtual Fan Experience, highlighting its inaugural season's fan-driven elements such as 1.1 million real-time play calls, draft picks, and votes on rules and strategies. This recognition underscored the league's emphasis on immersive participation, including over 2,300 fans investing in equity stakes totaling more than $1 million and generating 100 million organic social views. The league has also been noted in academic and industry analyses for its role in blending traditional sports with . Similarly, a 2023 Harvard Business Review article highlighted the league's use of for fan participation as a in enhancing through the fusion of live sports and gaming ecosystems. Although it has not secured major award wins, these nominations and citations have elevated its profile in discussions of sports technology disruption.

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