Ferrari 599
The Ferrari 599 is a front-engine grand tourer automobile produced by the Italian manufacturer Ferrari from 2006 to 2012, succeeding the 575M Maranello as the company's flagship V12-powered two-seater.[1] Named for its 5,999 cc engine displacement and the Fiorano Circuit test track, the base model, the 599 GTB Fiorano, features a naturally aspirated 65° V12 engine derived from the Ferrari Enzo, producing 620 PS (456 kW; 612 hp) at 7,600 rpm and 608 N⋅m (448 lb⋅ft) of torque at 5,600 rpm.[2][3] This powertrain, paired with a six-speed automated manual or optional gated manual transmission, enables acceleration from 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 62 mph) in 3.7 seconds and a top speed exceeding 330 km/h (205 mph).[4] Designed by Pininfarina, the 599 GTB incorporates advanced aerodynamics with active elements like an adaptive rear spoiler, a lightweight aluminum spaceframe chassis, and standard carbon-ceramic brakes—the first on a production Ferrari road car—contributing to its dry weight of 1,580 kg (3,482 lb).[5] Approximately 3,600 units of the 599 GTB Fiorano were built worldwide, emphasizing its role as a high-performance yet refined grand tourer blending track capability with long-distance comfort.[6] The 599 lineup expanded with performance-oriented variants, including the 2009 Handling GTC Evolution (HGTE) package for the GTB, which enhanced suspension stiffness, exhaust note, and magnetorheological damping without altering the engine output.[5] In 2010, Ferrari introduced the 599 GTO, a track-focused evolution with 670 PS (493 kW; 661 hp) from a retuned V12, lighter weight via Lexan windows and titanium components, and improved aerodynamics yielding 200 kg (441 lb) of downforce at 200 km/h (124 mph), limited to 599 units.[7][5] The 2011 599 SA Aperta, an open-top homage to Sergio Pininfarina, retained the GTO's 670 PS output but featured a retractable soft top and bespoke styling, with official production of 80 units, though some sources suggest up to 120 were made.[8] Additionally, the track-only 599XX program, limited to 45 customer cars starting in 2009, followed by 20 599XX Evoluzione units in 2011, pushing power to 750 PS (552 kW; 740 hp) with advanced KERS technology.[9] Several one-off 599-based models were also created for select clients.[5] Renowned for its naturally aspirated V12's symphonic exhaust and balanced handling, the 599 series marked Ferrari's shift toward integrating Formula 1-derived technologies into road cars, including the F1 paddle-shift gearbox as standard from launch.[2] It received acclaim for redefining the front-engine V12 GT segment, influencing successors like the 2013 F12berlinetta, and remains a collector's favorite due to its limited production and the impending rarity of non-hybridized Ferrari V12s.[10]Introduction
Overview
The Ferrari 599 is a 2+2 grand tourer produced by the Italian automaker Ferrari from 2006 to 2012, serving as the successor to the 575M Maranello and representing the company's flagship front-engine V12 model in its grand touring lineup.[9] It was initially unveiled at the 2006 Geneva Motor Show, where it was positioned as a blend of high-performance supercar dynamics and everyday grand touring usability, emphasizing luxury alongside exhilarating driving experiences.[11][12] At its core, the 599 features a 6.0-liter V12 engine derived from the Enzo supercar, delivering 620 PS (456 kW; 612 hp) of power.[2] This naturally aspirated unit underscores Ferrari's commitment to potent, high-revving propulsion in a package designed for both long-distance comfort and track-capable performance, making it a pinnacle of the brand's GT offerings during its production run. Approximately 3,600 units of the 599 GTB Fiorano were built, with additional limited-production variants contributing to a total exceeding 4,000 units, contributing to its status as a limited-production icon in Ferrari's history.[6] The 599 measures 4,656 mm in length, 1,968 mm in width, 1,327 mm in height, and has a wheelbase of 2,750 mm, providing a spacious front cabin in its 2+2 configuration while maintaining the sleek proportions typical of Ferrari's grand tourers.[13] These dimensions, combined with its aluminum spaceframe chassis, enabled a balance of agility and refinement suited to its role as a versatile high-end sports car.[14]Development and Production
The Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano emerged as the direct successor to the 550 Maranello and its evolution, the 575M Maranello, marking Ferrari's continued refinement of front-engine V12 grand tourers that balanced long-distance comfort with exhilarating performance. Development was spearheaded by Ferrari's engineering team based in Maranello, with work commencing in the early 2000s to integrate advanced materials and technologies derived from the Enzo supercar, including its V12 powerplant. The project emphasized a new aluminum spaceframe chassis for enhanced rigidity and reduced weight, while prioritizing drivability for both road and track use.[5][15] The exterior design was entrusted to Pininfarina, where American-Italian designer Jason Castriota led the styling efforts, drawing inspiration from aerodynamic efficiency and aggressive proportions to create a more muscular silhouette than its predecessors. Castriota's vision incorporated subtle flying buttresses for improved airflow, blending aesthetic flair with functional aerodynamics. Meanwhile, the interior was developed in-house by Ferrari's design team, focusing on high-quality materials like leather and carbon fiber to deliver a premium cabin that supported the GT ethos without compromising on sporty ergonomics.[16][17] Chassis development involved rigorous testing at Ferrari's private Fiorano Circuit, where engineers fine-tuned suspension settings and handling characteristics to achieve a harmonious blend of compliance and precision, directly influencing the model's "Fiorano" designation as a nod to this pivotal testing ground. Prototypes underwent extensive validation on the track and public roads to ensure reliability and performance targets were met before finalization.[3][5] Production of the 599 GTB Fiorano began at Ferrari's Maranello facility in 2006 following its debut at the Geneva Motor Show, with assembly continuing through 2012. The factory's skilled workforce hand-built each vehicle, incorporating advanced manufacturing techniques for the aluminum chassis and V12 engine assembly. Over its six-year run, approximately 3,600 units of the 599 GTB Fiorano were produced, reflecting Ferrari's controlled output strategy to maintain exclusivity.[6]Design
Exterior Styling
The Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano's exterior styling was penned by Pininfarina, under the direction of designer Jason Castriota, drawing inspiration from Ferrari's storied racing heritage to blend grand tourer elegance with aggressive performance cues.[18][19] The design emphasizes a form-follows-function philosophy, with a long, sculpted hood evoking the muscular lines of classic V12 Ferraris like the 250 GT series, while the front fascia features bold, integrated air intakes and slim LED daytime running lights embedded in the headlights for a modern, predatory stance.[18][2] At the rear, quad circular taillights— a signature Ferrari motif—frame a subtle diffuser, maintaining aerodynamic efficiency without compromising the car's flowing silhouette.[2][20] The body structure utilizes an all-aluminum spaceframe chassis with hand-welded panels, achieving significant weight savings over the steel construction of its predecessor, the 575M Maranello, while enhancing rigidity and corrosion resistance.[6][21] This lightweight alloy construction contributed to the 599's dry weight of 1,580 kg (3,482 lb), allowing for optimized proportions in its 2+2 seating layout.[2] The elongated nose houses the front-mid-mounted V12 engine, paired with a more compact rear deck, to deliver a rear-biased weight distribution of 47:53 (front:rear), promoting balanced handling and stability.[2][22] Overall dimensions include a length of 4,650 mm, width of 1,962 mm (excluding mirrors), height of 1,326 mm, and a wheelbase of 2,750 mm, underscoring the car's grand tourer scale with a low-slung profile.[2][14] At launch in 2006, the 599 was offered in a selection of iconic Ferrari colors, including Rosso Corsa, Nero, and Argento Nürburgring, which highlighted the body's sculpted surfaces and chrome accents.[23] Ferrari's personalization options expanded in subsequent years, allowing buyers greater freedom in exterior finishes through programs that built on the brand's tradition of bespoke commissioning.[24] Minor evolutions to the exterior occurred over the production run. These refinements ensured the 599's styling remained timeless, integrating seamlessly with its aerodynamic profile for both aesthetic appeal and functional performance.[2]Interior Features
The Ferrari 599's cabin blends grand touring comfort with performance-oriented ergonomics, utilizing premium Cuoio leather upholstery on the power-adjustable front seats, which offer eight-way adjustments and memory settings for driver and passenger. Alcantara accents are available on the headliner and seat inserts, while carbon fiber trim options enhance the dashboard, center console, and door panels, providing a lightweight yet luxurious feel. Customizable Daytona-style seats with high bolsters and integrated headrests were offered as an option for improved lateral support during spirited driving.[25][26][27] The instrument cluster features traditional analog gauges for speed, engine RPM, fuel level, and temperatures, paired with a central 6.5-inch LCD screen integrated into the dashboard for vehicle information and settings. The infotainment system includes navigation, a six-disc CD changer, and an optional Bose premium audio setup with nine speakers and 320 watts of power, delivering clear sound throughout the cabin. The leather-wrapped F1-style paddle shifters mounted on the steering column provide intuitive gear changes for the automated manual transmission.[25][28][29] Adopting a 2+2 seating configuration, the 599 accommodates two adults upfront with compact rear seats suitable for children or additional storage, folding flat to expand the 300-liter trunk capacity to approximately 450 liters for longer journeys. Dual-zone automatic climate control with rear vents ensures even temperature distribution, while the overall layout prioritizes forward visibility and easy access to controls.[30][31][32] Safety is integrated seamlessly, with front and side airbags for occupant protection, alongside the CST active traction control system and electronic stability program, both adjustable via the Manettino dial on the steering wheel for tailored driving dynamics.[33][5][34]Technical Specifications
Engine and Drivetrain
The Ferrari 599 is powered by a naturally aspirated 6.0-liter (5,999 cc) V12 engine designated as the Tipo F140 C, featuring a 65-degree V-angle for optimal balance and compactness.[2] This all-aluminum unit incorporates a bore of 92 mm and a stroke of 75.2 mm, contributing to its high-revving character with a redline at 8,400 rpm.[2] The engine employs dual overhead camshafts per bank and variable valve timing on both intake and exhaust cams to enhance torque delivery across the rev range.[2] Maximum power output is 620 PS (456 kW; 612 hp) at 7,600 rpm, while peak torque reaches 608 N⋅m (448 lb⋅ft) at 5,600 rpm, providing a specific output of 103 PS per liter.[2][35] The fuel system utilizes multi-point sequential electronic injection for precise delivery, paired with a dry sump lubrication setup that maintains oil pressure during high-G cornering by storing oil in a separate reservoir.[35][36] The drivetrain is rear-wheel drive, channeling power through an F1-derived six-speed automated manual transmission manufactured by Getrag, which includes a dual-plate clutch for rapid shifts.[21][37] This gearbox supports launch control functionality, derived from Formula 1 technology, enabling optimized acceleration from a standstill.[2] At launch, the engine complied with Euro 4 emissions standards, with subsequent models updated to meet Euro 5 requirements; combined fuel economy is rated at 15.7 mpg under European testing cycles.[38][39]Chassis, Suspension, and Brakes
The chassis of the Ferrari 599 features an aluminum spaceframe structure designed for high rigidity and reduced weight, marking a continuation of Ferrari's shift to lightweight materials in its grand tourers. This construction, combined with aluminum body panels, results in a curb weight of 1,688 kg (3,722 lb).[2] The suspension system employs independent double wishbone setup at both the front and rear axles, paired with coil springs for precise handling and ride compliance. A standout feature is the Magnetorheological Suspension Control (SCM) system, which uses adaptive dampers filled with magnetic fluid that adjust in real-time—within milliseconds—based on road conditions and driver inputs, often referred to as the Skyhook system for its ability to "float" the body over imperfections while maintaining composure.[2] These dampers are tunable via the steering wheel-mounted Manettino dial, offering five modes: Low Grip, Sport, Race, CST, and CST Off to suit varying driving dynamics from comfort-oriented touring to aggressive track use. Braking is handled by standard carbon-ceramic (CCM) discs measuring 398 mm at the front and 360 mm at the rear, equipped with six-piston calipers upfront and four-piston at the rear, integrated with anti-lock braking system (ABS) and electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD) for optimal stopping power and stability. This setup achieves a braking distance of approximately 33 meters from 100 km/h, demonstrating exceptional fade resistance during repeated high-performance use.[40] Complementing the brakes, the tire configuration consists of Pirelli P Zero tires in 245/35 ZR20 size on the front and 305/35 ZR20 on the rear, providing superior grip; optional run-flat technology was available for enhanced puncture resilience without compromising performance.[41]Aerodynamics
The aerodynamics of the Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano were meticulously engineered to balance high-speed stability, downforce, and minimal drag, featuring a drag coefficient (Cd) of 0.336 achieved through extensive optimization of external airflow management, including a multi-channel rear diffuser that minimizes wake turbulence.[2] This low Cd contributes to the car's efficient penetration of air, supporting its top speed exceeding 330 km/h while maintaining a streamlined profile.[2] Downforce generation is facilitated by underbody tunnels and a rear spoiler, producing 70 kg at 200 km/h, escalating to 160 kg at 300 km/h and 190 kg at top speed, with the aerodynamic load coefficient (Cz) of 0.190 ensuring balanced distribution between front and rear axles for enhanced grip.[2] These passive aerodynamic elements, honed through computational simulations and wind tunnel testing at Ferrari's facilities, deliver superior high-speed stability compared to its predecessor, the 575M Maranello, without relying on active adjustments.[42][5] The cooling system integrates seamlessly with the aerodynamic design via functional NACA-style ducts on the hood for engine bay ventilation and side vents for brake cooling, directing airflow to critical components without compromising the body's clean lines or increasing drag. Additional passive features, such as sculpted wheel arches and fender vents, further mitigate lift by evacuating turbulent air from the wheel wells, promoting overall negative lift and structural efficiency aided by the aluminum body construction.[2][43]Performance Data
The Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano exhibits exceptional straight-line performance, accelerating from 0 to 100 km/h in 3.7 seconds due to its potent V12 engine and rear-wheel-drive layout.[2] It surges to 200 km/h in 11.0 seconds, showcasing seamless power delivery through its six-speed automated manual transmission.[44] In quarter-mile runs, the car completes the distance in 11.2 seconds at 131 mph, as measured in independent instrumented testing.[45] The top speed reaches 330 km/h (205 mph), electronically limited for safety and reliability.[2]| Performance Metric | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 0-100 km/h Acceleration | 3.7 seconds | Ferrari Official Specifications[2] |
| 0-200 km/h Acceleration | 11.0 seconds | Automobile-Catalog Performance Data[44] |
| Quarter-Mile Time | 11.2 seconds @ 131 mph | Car and Driver Test[45] |
| Top Speed | 330 km/h (205 mph) | Ferrari Official Specifications[2] |