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Ford Custom

The Ford Custom is a for a range of full-size automobiles produced by the from 1949 to 1981, initially introduced as the top trim of Ford's first design and later applied to various mid- and full-size models, including the Custom 300, Custom 500, and regional variants in and . The 1949-1951 models marked the brand's first entirely new vehicle design after , developed under the leadership of , featuring a modern slab-sided aesthetic with aerodynamic curves that eliminated prewar pontoon fenders and high beltlines for a sleeker, lower profile emphasizing comfort and efficiency. For 1949, available in Standard and upscale Custom trims, the lineup included four-door sedans, two-door sedans, club coupes, convertibles, and station wagons, with options for a standard 226-cubic-inch inline-six engine or an optional 239-cubic-inch flathead V-8 producing 100 horsepower. In 1950-1951, the top trim was renamed Custom Deluxe. Development of the 1949 Ford Custom involved significant investment, with Ford allocating $72 million for design and engineering that year, resulting in over 10 million man-hours to create a vehicle addressing consumer demands for improved ride quality, spacious interiors, and larger trunks. Key features included a 114-inch wheelbase, independent front suspension for smoother handling, and eight vibrant exterior color options such as Bayview Blue Metallic and Arabian Green, reflecting the era's shift toward stylish family transportation. Priced starting at around $1,590 for a V-8 sedan, it appealed to middle-class buyers with an average annual family income of about $3,200 in 1950, contributing to Ford's postwar recovery by helping achieve $177 million in profits in 1949 and produce over 1.1 million units that year. The initial Ford Custom played a pivotal role in revitalizing Ford's market position, doubling profits from the prior year and setting the stage for the profitable 1950s as the first Ford product line to sell over one million units in its debut year, alongside sibling Mercury and Lincoln models. Minor updates for 1950 and 1951 included enhanced chrome trim and "50 improvements for '50" refinements like recessed fuel fillers, though sales declined amid economic challenges and competition from redesigned Chevrolet and Plymouth models. The Custom nameplate evolved in subsequent years, as detailed in later sections. Today, well-preserved 1949-1951 examples are prized by collectors for their clean lines and V-8 performance potential, often fetching $20,000 to $30,000 at auction as of the early 2020s, underscoring their enduring legacy in American automotive design.

Overview

Historical context and development

The Ford Custom emerged in the aftermath of , as shifted from wartime production to civilian automobiles, building on pre-war designs like the 1941 models while introducing significant innovations to meet consumer demand for modern vehicles. The 1949 redesign marked Ford's first completely new car, developed under Henry Ford II's leadership and featuring a ground-up overhaul that retained only the and 114-inch from earlier models, signaling a bold transition to streamlined, aerodynamic aesthetics amid economic recovery and booming car sales. Introduced as the top trim level in the 1949 lineup alongside the base Standard series, the Custom offered enhanced chrome trim, interior luxury, and optional features to appeal to upscale buyers, positioning it as Ford's premium full-size offering in a competitive market dominated by Chevrolet and Plymouth. By 1952, Ford restructured its nomenclature, replacing the DeLuxe and Custom names with Mainline (base), Customline (mid-level), and Crestline (top), effectively merging the Custom's upscale attributes into the new Crestline series while evolving the lineup to reflect changing styling trends and market segmentation. Key design elements of the early Custom included its distinctive "Shoebox" boxy styling, inspired by aircraft aesthetics with integrated fenders and a low-slung profile that departed from pre-war rounded forms, alongside standard hydraulic "Magic Action" brakes across the line for improved safety and ease of use requiring up to 35% less pedal pressure. The name was discontinued after 1959, absent from 1960 to 1963 as Ford consolidated its full-size offerings around the Fairlane and Galaxie as base models to streamline branding during a period of rapid model proliferation. The Ford Custom nameplate spanned production from 1949 to 1981 in and , with intermittent use reflecting Ford's full-size strategy, and approximately 7.85 million full-size Fords—including Custom variants—produced from 1969 to 1978, underscoring its enduring role in the company's volume leadership. This lineage later extended to variants like the Custom 500, which served as an economy-oriented trim in the and full-size lineup.

Naming and trim evolution

The Ford Custom nameplate was introduced in 1949 as the top trim level in the company's lineup, positioned above the base series and offering enhanced features such as chrome window moldings and additional interior amenities. For the 1950 , the top trim was renamed Custom Deluxe to better distinguish it from the newly introduced base Deluxe models, a change that carried over into 1951 amid minor styling updates to the overall lineup. In restructured its trim hierarchy with the introduction of the mid-range Customline series, which succeeded the previous Custom Deluxe positioning, while the top trim shifted to the new Crestline designation; this effectively paused the standalone name until later years, with Customline serving as the intermediate option through 1956 alongside base Mainline and premium Fairlane trims. The name was reintroduced in 1957 as the entry-level base trim for Ford's full-size cars, marking a shift from its earlier premium status to a more economical positioning aimed at budget-conscious buyers. That same year, the Custom 300 variant was added as a value-oriented sub-trim within the lineup, providing slightly upgraded features like additional chrome accents while remaining focused on affordability; both continued through 1959 before the series was phased out in favor of the Fairlane as the base model starting in 1960. The nameplate was revived in as the base for fleet and economy-oriented full-size Fords, emphasizing no-frills utility for , , and commercial use. In 1966, the Custom 500 was introduced as an upgraded economy sub-, adding modest enhancements like chrome fender and carpeting to appeal to fleets while maintaining ; this duo persisted through 1981, with the naming reflecting a transition from early luxury connotations to later affordability and fleet practicality. The line was discontinued in the U.S. in 1979, replaced by the LTD S , though Canadian production of the Custom 500 continued until 1981 to serve local fleet demands.

Early post-war models (1949–1956)

Custom and Custom Deluxe (1949–1951)

The served as the top trim level in Ford's lineup, marking the company's first all-new design and emphasizing premium features for full-size sedans and convertibles. Available body styles included the two-door sedan, four-door Fordor sedan, Coupe, two-door , and , all built on a 114-inch that provided spacious interiors for families and luxury seekers alike. This model introduced innovative slab-sided styling inspired by aesthetics, with enclosed rear wheels and a sleek, aerodynamic profile that set it apart from prewar designs. Standard power came from a 226 cubic-inch inline-six engine producing 95 horsepower at 3,300 rpm, while buyers could opt for the more powerful 239 cubic-inch flathead V8 delivering 100 horsepower for enhanced performance. Transmission choices were limited to a three-speed manual as standard, with an optional overdrive unit for improved highway cruising; Ford's first automatic, the Ford-O-Matic, would not arrive until 1951 models. Safety and comfort features included hydraulic drum brakes on all four wheels, chrome accents on the grille and trim, and whitewall tires as an optional upgrade that enhanced the upscale appearance. The Custom's positioning as Ford's flagship helped drive strong postwar demand, contributing to total company sales of over 1.1 million vehicles in 1949—slightly edging out Chevrolet despite intense competition from GM's redesigned Fleetline and Styleline models. For and 1951, the Custom was renamed Custom Deluxe to reflect minor styling updates, including a more prominent vertical-bar grille and refined hood ornamentation, while retaining the boxy, modern silhouette on the same 114-inch and approximately 196.8-inch overall length. These years saw continued emphasis on details like extensive on bumpers and window surrounds, along with standard hydraulic drum brakes and optional for the inline-six or V8 engines. The Ford-O-Matic automatic became available in 1951, broadening appeal to drivers seeking effortless shifting. Sales remained robust amid the economic recovery, though the lineup evolved into the mid-range Customline trim by 1952 to accommodate new model hierarchies.

Customline (1952–1956)

The Customline served as the mid-range offering in 's full-size lineup from 1952 to 1956, succeeding the Custom Deluxe as a more affordable alternative with enhanced styling and mechanical refinements. Introduced as part of 's all-new postwar design, it targeted buyers seeking a balance of economy, comfort, and modern aesthetics between the base Mainline and premium Crestline models. For 1952, the Customline debuted with a completely redesigned body on a 115-inch , featuring softer, more rounded contours that marked a shift from the boxier prewar influences toward sleeker proportions. Body styles included the 2-door Tudor sedan, 4-door Fordor sedan, 2-door Club Coupe, and 4-door Country Sedan station wagon, providing versatility for families and individuals. The standard engine was a 215-cubic-inch overhead-valve inline-six producing horsepower, paired with a 3-speed ; an optional 239-cubic-inch flathead V8 delivered 110 horsepower, with Ford-O-Matic 2-speed automatic available for both. Production reached 402,542 units, reflecting strong initial demand for the refreshed platform. The 1953 model carried over the 1952 body with minor trim adjustments, while retaining the 215-cubic-inch inline-six rated at 101 horsepower. The optional V8 remained the 239-cubic-inch flathead at 110 horsepower, though some applications saw minor tuning for better performance. Body styles stayed consistent, emphasizing practicality with the sedans and as core offerings. Sales surged to 761,662 units, underscoring the Customline's appeal amid postwar economic recovery. In 1954, the lineup expanded with the addition of a 2-door Ranch Wagon , broadening utility options alongside the returning sedans, , and Country Sedan. The inline-six grew to 223 cubic inches with 114 horsepower, while the V8 transitioned to the new overhead-valve Y-block design at 239 cubic inches and 130 horsepower, enhancing smoothness and power delivery. Transmission choices included the standard 3-speed or optional 2-speed Ford-O-Matic . Production totaled 674,295 units, maintaining momentum despite a softening market. The 1955 redesign introduced a dramatically lower, longer, and wider body inspired by aviation motifs, including a Thunderbird-influenced wraparound windshield for improved visibility and a panoramic feel, along with optional two-tone paint schemes for added visual flair. Body styles focused on 2-door and 4-door sedans, plus Ranch and Country Sedan wagons, with the Club Coupe discontinued. Power came from the 223-cubic-inch inline-six at 114 horsepower standard, or the enlarged 272-cubic-inch Y-block V8 at 162 horsepower optionally; the 3-speed manual was standard, with a new 3-speed Ford-O-Matic automatic available. Positioned below the upscale Fairlane and above the utilitarian Mainline, it appealed to value-conscious buyers. Sales climbed to 471,992 units, boosted by the bold styling updates. For 1956, minor refinements included the addition of the Victoria 2-door hardtop coupe, complementing the sedans and wagons with a sportier profile. Engines carried over, with the inline-six at 137 horsepower in some configurations and the V8 upgraded to 173 horsepower for stronger acceleration; transmission options mirrored 1955's manual and 3-speed automatic setup. The wraparound windshield and two-tone options persisted, maintaining the modern aesthetic. However, production declined to 368,653 units amid increasing competition and market saturation in the full-size segment.

Mid-century models (1957–1959)

Custom

The Ford Custom served as the base trim level for the 1957 , positioned as an entry-level offering primarily for fleet sales such as and use, replacing the previous Mainline series. Built on a 116-inch shared with higher trims like the Custom 300 and Fairlane, it featured a boxy, angular design with minimal trim, painted hubcaps, and a focus on durability over style. Available body styles were limited to two-door sedans, four-door Fordor sedans, and a two-door coupe with a parcel shelf instead of a rear , emphasizing practicality for applications. The interior was spartan, with vinyl bench seats, rubber floor mats, basic , a single , and no armrests or ashtrays as standard, prioritizing low cost and ease of for high-mileage fleet service. The standard powertrain was a 223-cubic-inch overhead-valve inline-six producing 140 horsepower, paired with a three-speed ; optional V8 engines included the 272-cubic-inch (173 hp) and 292-cubic-inch (200 hp) units, with the top 312-cubic-inch V8 (225 hp) available for enhanced performance. The Ford-O-Matic three-speed automatic was an option for smoother operation in urban fleets. Production of the base Custom totaled approximately 116,000 units in 1957, contributing to Ford's record 1.67 million full-size cars that year. The model was discontinued after 1957 for retail sales due to poor consumer reception of its austerity, with the 300 assuming the entry-level role for 1958–1959.

Custom 300

The Ford 300 was introduced for the model year as an upgraded trim level over the basic Custom, designed specifically for retail buyers seeking affordable yet comfortable transportation without the austerity of fleet vehicles. Positioned on the same 116-inch platform as the Custom, it offered enhanced features to appeal to value-oriented consumers in a competitive low-price field dominated by Chevrolet and . By 1958, the plain Custom was discontinued for retail sales, leaving the 300 as Ford's entry-level passenger car offering through 1959. Body styles for the Custom 300 mirrored those of the , including two- and four-door sedans, business coupes, and Ranch Wagons, but distinguished itself with additional brightwork such as side spear trim, window moldings, and hubcaps, along with interior upgrades like armrests, cloth-and-vinyl bench seating, and rubber floor mats transitioning to carpet in higher retail configurations. The "300" badge signified modest luxuries including standard ashtrays, dual sun visors, and a horn ring, providing a more refined cabin experience. A mid-cycle facelift for 1958 brought smoother, more rounded fenders, a prominent honeycomb grille, and quad headlights, softening the angular 1957 styling while maintaining the overall full-size proportions at 202 inches long. Powertrains were shared with the , featuring a standard 223-cubic-inch overhead-valve inline-six engine rated at 140 horsepower for economical operation, with optional V8s including the 272- and 292-cubic-inch units at up to 205 horsepower; however, the top 312-cubic-inch V8, producing 225 horsepower, proved most popular in retail sales for its balance of performance and affordability. choices included a three-speed manual as standard, with the Ford-O-Matic three-speed automatic gaining favor among buyers for smoother urban driving. Aimed at budget-minded families and first-time car owners, the Custom 300 emphasized practicality and subtle enhancements over bare-bones utility, contributing to strong sales in the value segment. Production for the Custom 300 trim totaled over 700,000 units over its three-year run (1957–1959), helping achieve over 1.3 million combined Customs and Custom 300s before the line's discontinuation in 1960 in favor of the new compact for economy duties.

Later full-size models (1964–1981)

Custom

The Ford Custom was reintroduced in 1964 as the base trim level in the full-size Ford lineup, positioned primarily for fleet sales such as taxis, police vehicles, and commercial use, on the unibody platform shared with higher trims like the Galaxie. It succeeded the base model role of the discontinued 1959 Custom. Available body styles included 2-door and 4-door sedans, along with a 2-door coupe variant, all built on a 119-inch wheelbase for balanced handling and interior space suited to fleet demands. The design emphasized simplicity and cost-efficiency, with minimal chrome trim, painted window surrounds, and a clean, boxy profile in early years that evolved over time. From to 1968, the Custom featured distinctive stacked quad headlights for improved nighttime visibility, a styling cue that differentiated it from competitors. By 1969–1972, the body adopted a more rounded "" styling with smoother lines and integrated fenders, reflecting broader industry trends toward aerodynamic forms while maintaining the model's utilitarian focus. Powertrains prioritized reliability and economy for high-mileage applications. In 1964, the standard engine was a 223 cu in inline-6 producing 114 hp, replaced in 1965 by the 240 cu in inline-6 rated at 150 hp (gross), which remained standard through 1972. Optional V8 engines included the 289 cu in (200 hp) from 1964–1967 and the 302 cu in (210 hp) from 1968–1972, providing enhanced performance for demanding fleet duties. A high-output 427 cu in V8 (425 hp) was optionally available from 1966–1968 specifically for police and high-performance fleet configurations, featuring dual four-barrel carburetors and heavy-duty components. Transmissions evolved to meet fleet preferences for ease of use. Early models (1964–1966) came standard with a 3-speed manual gearbox, with the lightweight 3-speed automatic available as an option starting in 1964 and becoming standard by 1967 across inline-6 and V8 variants. Interior features were spartan to enhance durability and reduce costs, including bench seats, rubber floor mats in place of carpeting, and basic without accents. These elements supported the model's for ruggedness in and service, where quick and resistance to wear were essential. Production of the Custom formed part of Ford's annual full-size car output, which averaged around 1.5 million units in the late 1960s, with the base model contributing tens of thousands annually before its discontinuation after 1972, when its economy-oriented role was consolidated into higher trims.

Custom 500

The Ford Custom 500 was introduced in 1964 as a step-up economy model from the base Custom, providing enhanced trim levels and options to appeal to both retail buyers seeking value and fleet operators requiring durability. Positioned within Ford's full-size lineup, it featured a lighter and stiffer unibody construction compared to higher-trim siblings like the Galaxie, making it suitable for everyday use while maintaining structural integrity. Production of the Custom 500 continued through 1978, bridging the gap between minimal fleet vehicles and more equipped consumer models, with the base Custom discontinued after 1972. Body styles for the Custom 500 included 2-door and 4-door sedans, with a 4-door added in later years for added versatility. The Ranch Wagon served as its companion model through 1978, offering expanded cargo space for family or commercial needs. For 1973, bumpers were redesigned to smaller profiles in compliance with evolving federal emissions and safety regulations, contributing to improved amid rising environmental standards. Engine options evolved to balance economy and performance. From 1970 to 1972, the 240 cu in inline-six was available, delivering reliable low-end for daily . Starting in 1973, V8 power became standard with the 302 cu in engine rated at 140 (SAE net), while an optional 351 cu in V8 provided 160 for those needing more capability. Early models shared basic engine choices with the , such as the 240 cu in inline-six or 289 cu in V8. The SelectShift three-speed became standard by 1972, allowing gear selection via a column-mounted shifter for greater driver control in varied conditions. Distinguishing it from the fleet-focused base Custom, the Custom 500 included added chrome accents on the exterior, full carpeting in the interior, and optional for improved handling and comfort. These upgrades made it a more consumer-oriented choice without excessive luxury, emphasizing practicality. Targeted at fleet sales for and as well as budget retail customers, the Custom 500 achieved annual production volumes in the tens to low hundreds of thousands during its peak years. U.S. retail availability ended after 1976, shifting exclusively to fleet markets until 1978.

Canadian production (1979–1981)

The 1979 Ford Custom 500 marked a significant redesign for the Canadian market, introducing the new platform with boxier, more angular styling compared to previous full-size Fords. This platform featured a 114.3-inch , shared with the contemporary LTD models, allowing for improved while maintaining spacious interiors. Body styles were limited to two-door and four-door sedans, positioning the Custom 500 as an entry-level full-size option tailored for Canadian consumers where demand for larger vehicles persisted amid shifting market preferences. Powertrains emphasized V8 engines suited to the era's performance expectations, with the standard 302 cubic-inch ( L) V8 producing 130 horsepower and the optional 351 cubic-inch (5.8 L) V8 delivering 160 horsepower, both paired exclusively with a three-speed SelectShift . For the , introduced a more economical 255 cubic-inch (4.2 L) V8 as standard, rated at 115 horsepower, while retaining the larger V8s as options to address growing concerns over fuel consumption following the energy crises of the . These engines provided reliable power for everyday driving, with the 500's basic trim level including minimal standard features such as vinyl bench seats and manual windows, though options like a were available for added convenience. Exclusive to Canada, the Custom 500 filled a retail niche left by the U.S. market's transition to the LTD S trim for base full-size models, allowing Ford of Canada to continue the nameplate for private buyers seeking affordable, no-frills large cars. Production remained limited, reflecting declining sales of full-size vehicles due to ongoing fuel shortages and a shift toward compact alternatives. The line ended after 1981, replaced in subsequent lineups by smaller models like the Tempo, signaling the close of the Custom nameplate's long history.

Australian production

1949–1958 models

Australian production of the Ford Custom began in 1949 at the plant in , adapting the North American Custom and Custom Deluxe models for local assembly from complete knock-down kits. Body styles included the Fordor sedan and the popular coupe utility, known as the , which featured a passenger car front end combined with an integrated cargo tray designed for rural and trade use. These vehicles were configured for right-hand drive to suit Australian road conditions and driving conventions. Local adaptations emphasized increasing Australian content to meet government requirements and reduce import costs, achieving approximately 80% locally sourced components by 1952, including steel body panels pressed at Geelong and upholstery from domestic suppliers. Early powertrains consisted of a standard 221 cubic inch flathead inline-six engine, with an optional 239 cubic inch flathead V8 for enhanced performance. All models used a three-speed manual transmission as standard, with limited availability of automatic options like the Merc-O-Matic introduced later in the decade. By 1955, the lineup transitioned to the more powerful 272 cubic inch Y-block V8, reflecting updates to improve efficiency and output for demanding Australian terrains. The Custom series catered to the rural market through its robust Ute variants, which accounted for a significant portion of output, while sedans appealed to urban buyers seeking affordable full-size vehicles. Production was relatively low, with an estimated total of around 18,000 Customline sedans built from to 1959, and comparable volumes for earlier Custom models from 1949 to 1951, encompassing both Custom and later Customline equivalents from to 1958. evolutions mirrored U.S. trends, such as the model's shift to a more rounded body with softer lines and a prominent grille, but incorporated Australian-specific badging—Customline for sedans and Mainline for utilities from —to distinguish local variants.

1959–1962 models

In late 1959, introduced a new range of full-size models based on the North American 1959 Fairlane platform, marking the transition from the previous Customline series. The lineup consisted of the entry-level Custom 300 sedan, the mid-range Fairlane 500, and the Ranch Wagon variant, all assembled at the company's facility in . These vehicles adopted a longer 118-inch (2,997 mm) compared to earlier Fords, providing spacious interiors suited to family and fleet use in the domestic market. The Custom 300 served as the base model, offered solely in four-door configuration to appeal to budget-conscious buyers seeking reliable transportation. It featured a simplified trim level with cloth upholstery, basic instrumentation, and optional accessories like and the Fordomatic three-speed . All Australian-assembled examples, including the Custom 300, were equipped with a 332 (5.4 ) FE-series , detuned to 204 horsepower at 4,400 rpm for compatibility with local low-octane fuels, paired with a three-speed manual gearbox as standard. This emphasized for highway passing and towing, reflecting adaptations for Australia's vast rural networks. Local content incorporation reached approximately 85 percent, utilizing Australian-made components alongside imported Canadian and British parts to meet government import restrictions. Minor facelifts occurred for the and model years, most notably a revised front grille borrowed from the Canadian line, along with updated badging and minor interior refinements, while the chassis, engine, and overall dimensions remained unchanged. Production of these "tank" Fairlane derivatives, nicknamed for their robust, imposing styling, continued in limited volumes until early , when they were superseded by the redesigned North Fairlane. An estimated few thousand units of the Custom 300 were built during this period, contributing to Australia's strategy of offering -derived luxury at accessible prices amid growing competition from .

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