Fact-checked by Grok 2 weeks ago

Panther

A panther is a term denoting several species of large felids, primarily those within the genus Panthera, encompassing the lion (Panthera leo), tiger (Panthera tigris), leopard (Panthera pardus), jaguar (Panthera onca), and snow leopard (Panthera uncia), which are distinguished by their capacity to roar owing to an ossified hyoid apparatus in the larynx.^[1]^[2] The name derives from ancient Greek and Latin references to spotted big cats, often applied specifically to leopards or their melanistic variants known as black panthers, which exhibit a dominant dark pigmentation masking underlying rosette patterns.^[3] These apex predators inhabit diverse ecosystems from African savannas to Asian rainforests and American neotropics, preying on ungulates and other large vertebrates through ambush tactics leveraging stealth, powerful builds, and speeds up to 60 km/h in short bursts.^[4] In regional contexts, such as the southeastern United States, "panther" refers to the endangered Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi), a cougar subspecies rather than a Panthera member, highlighting terminological ambiguity outside strict taxonomy.^[5]

Zoology

Classification and species

The genus Panthera belongs to the family Felidae within the order Carnivora, specifically in the subfamily Pantherinae, which comprises roaring cats distinguished by a specialized hyoid apparatus enabling loud vocalizations.^[6]^[7] This genus encompasses the largest extant felids, with species characterized by robust builds, retractile claws, and adaptations for ambush predation.^[8] The five recognized living species evolved from a common ancestor approximately 6-10 million years ago, diverging into lineages adapted to diverse habitats from savannas to forests.^[9]

Species	Scientific Name	Key Characteristics and Range
Lion	Panthera leo	Social prides; African savannas and one relict population in India; males with manes.^[10]^[6]
Tiger	Panthera tigris	Solitary; striped coat; forests and wetlands across Asia, with subspecies like Siberian (P. t. altaica) reaching 300 kg.^[10]^[7]
Jaguar	Panthera onca	Stocky build, powerful bite; Neotropical rainforests and wetlands from Mexico to Argentina.^[10]^[6]
Leopard	Panthera pardus	Highly adaptable, arboreal climber; widespread in Africa and Asia, with over 20 subspecies.^[10]^[7]
Snow Leopard	Panthera uncia	Thick fur for cold; high-altitude Central Asia mountains; debated inclusion in Panthera until genetic confirmation in 2009.^[8]^[6]

Note that while "panther" vernacularly denotes melanistic variants of leopards or jaguars, or even pumas (Puma concolor) in regions like North America, strict zoological classification confines it to Panthera, excluding non-roaring felids in subfamily Felinae.^[11]^[12] Taxonomic revisions, such as those integrating snow leopards based on mitochondrial DNA evidence, underscore ongoing refinements driven by molecular phylogenetics rather than morphology alone.^[9]

Melanistic variants and regional nomenclature

Melanistic variants of the panther, commonly known as black panthers, result from a genetic condition called melanism, which causes an overproduction of the dark pigment melanin, resulting in an all-black coat that obscures the typical rosette patterns visible under certain lighting conditions.^[13] These variants occur in two species within the genus Panthera: the leopard (Panthera pardus) and the jaguar (Panthera onca), but black panthers are not a distinct species or subspecies; they are simply color morphs of these big cats.^[14] In leopards, melanism is governed by a recessive allele, requiring homozygous inheritance for expression, whereas in jaguars, it is controlled by a dominant allele, allowing heterozygous individuals to display the trait.^[13] Melanism is thought to provide camouflage advantages in dense, humid forest environments, with prevalence estimated at around 10% in affected populations of both species, though higher rates (up to 50%) have been observed in isolated tropical regions like Malaysia for leopards.^[13]^[15] The term "black panther" does not apply to other felids like the cougar (Puma concolor), despite occasional unverified sightings in North America; no wild melanistic cougars have been genetically confirmed, and such reports are often attributed to misidentifications of other species or escaped exotic pets.^[11] Genetic studies indicate that melanism in Panthera species involves mutations in genes such as ASIP (agouti signaling protein), which suppress the banding pattern of hairs, leading to uniformly dark fur, but these variants do not confer separate taxonomic status.^[16] Regional nomenclature for "panther" varies significantly, reflecting historical, cultural, and ecological contexts rather than strict zoological classification. In Africa and Asia, "panther" typically denotes the leopard (P. pardus), with "black panther" specifically referring to its melanistic form, a usage rooted in colonial-era natural histories and persisting in modern wildlife documentation.^[13] In the Americas, particularly South America, the term aligns more closely with the jaguar (P. onca), including its melanistic variants, due to the species' prominence in indigenous and explorer accounts.^[14] Conversely, in North America—especially the southeastern United States—"panther" commonly refers to the cougar (P. concolor), a non-Panthera species lacking confirmed melanism, as exemplified by the endangered Florida panther subspecies (P. c. coryi), which holds the Guinness record for the mammal with the most common names, including mountain lion, cougar, painter, and catamount.^[17]^[18] This divergence arises from early European settlers' application of familiar Old World terms to New World fauna, leading to persistent regional synonyms without regard to phylogenetic differences; for instance, "panther" is favored in Florida for P. concolor due to Seminole influences like "coo-wah-chobee" (big cat), while "cougar" or "mountain lion" predominates elsewhere in the U.S.^[19]^[20] Such nomenclature can cause confusion in conservation efforts, as it conflates Panthera species with pumas, which belong to a separate genus and exhibit distinct behaviors, like the cougar's lack of roaring capability.^[21]

Conservation and threats, including Florida panther

The Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi), a subspecies of cougar endemic to southern Florida, is classified as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act due to its critically low population of approximately 120–230 adults confined to a fragmented range of about 5,000 square kilometers.^[22] Primary threats include habitat loss and fragmentation from urban sprawl, agriculture, and infrastructure development, which have reduced available territory by over 95% since the 19th century and isolated subpopulations, exacerbating inbreeding depression.^[23] Vehicle collisions represent the leading direct cause of mortality, with 36 documented deaths in 2024 alone, often occurring as panthers cross roads while dispersing or foraging in human-dominated landscapes.^[24] Other risks encompass disease, such as feline leukemia, mercury contamination from polluted prey, and occasional human-cougar conflicts, though illegal killing has declined due to legal protections prohibiting harm or harassment.^[25] Conservation initiatives, coordinated by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) and partners, emphasize habitat preservation through acquisitions like the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge and connectivity corridors to link isolated areas.^[22] Genetic rescue efforts in the 1990s involved translocating eight female Texas cougars to introduce diversity, boosting kitten survival rates from under 20% to over 50% and averting extinction from low heterozygosity.^[23] Monitoring via radio-collar tracking and camera traps informs adaptive management, while public education promotes coexistence, such as wildlife underpasses on highways.^[25] Despite progress from a low of 20–30 individuals in the 1970s, ongoing development pressures—exacerbated by Florida's population growth—threaten reversals, with models projecting potential range contraction without expanded protections.^[26] Broader "panther" designations, often applied to cougars elsewhere or melanistic leopards (Panthera pardus) and jaguars (Panthera onca), encounter analogous perils: leopards suffer poaching for skins and parts, retaliatory killings from livestock depredation, and prey scarcity in shrinking forests across Africa and Asia.^[27] Jaguars, rated near-threatened globally, face deforestation in the Amazon and human encroachment, reducing populations by up to 50% in some regions over decades.^[28] Melanism, a genetic trait rather than a distinct category, does not alter vulnerability, as black variants share habitats and threats with spotted kin, though denser forest preferences may heighten exposure to logging.^[29] Effective strategies mirror Florida's, prioritizing protected areas and anti-poaching enforcement, but enforcement gaps in developing nations hinder recovery.^[27]

Mythology, folklore, and symbolism

Ancient and cultural representations

In ancient Greek mythology, the panther was a sacred companion to Dionysus, the god of wine, fertility, and ecstatic ritual, frequently depicted as his mount to evoke themes of wild abandon and primal vitality. Artistic representations, such as a Hellenistic mosaic from circa 120–80 BC showing Dionysus side-saddle on a panther while holding a thyrsus, underscore this link, with the animal symbolizing the god's dominion over untamed nature.^[30] This motif appears in vase paintings and sculptures, where panthers pull the god's chariot or accompany his thiasos (retinue), reinforcing Dionysus's role in liberating human instincts through revelry.^[31] Roman adaptations preserved and expanded this symbolism under Bacchus, Dionysus's counterpart, integrating panthers into imperial art and cult processions as emblems of exotic luxury and divine frenzy. Bronze artifacts, including a 2nd–1st century BC panther-head armrest adorned with grape and ivy garlands—attributes of Bacchus—illustrate the creature's ritual significance in furniture and votive objects.^[32] Statues and mosaics, such as those depicting bacchantes astride panthers, further highlight the animal's role in evoking sensory excess and mythological transport, often sourced from Hellenistic prototypes.^[33] In ancient Egyptian religious practice, the panther—interchangeable with the leopard in iconography—symbolized solar power and ritual purity, with sem-priests donning spotted skins during funerary rites to embody the pharaoh's celestial voyage. The Book of the Dead references pharaohs like Pepi clad in panther pelts to traverse heavenly barriers, denoting triumph over chaos and rebirth akin to the sun's daily renewal.^[34] This attire, reserved for high clergy, linked the animal's ferocity and camouflage to divine protection, as evidenced in tomb reliefs and papyri where the pelt's spots evoked stars or the night's watchful eye.^[35] Beyond these civilizations, ancient natural histories portrayed the panther as a mesmerizing beast with a multicolored hide and alluring breath that drew prey, as detailed by Pliny the Elder in Natural History (circa 77 AD), influencing later folklore of its enchanting yet lethal allure. Such accounts, blending observation with legend, informed cultural views of the panther as a bridge between beauty and danger across Mediterranean traditions.

Heraldry and modern symbolism

In heraldry, the panther is a mythical beast originating from medieval bestiaries, where it is described as a beautiful, amiable creature whose sweet breath attracts all animals except the dragon, symbolizing a guardian that repels evil.^[36] In English armorial tradition, it is typically rendered as a maneless lion incensed—with flames issuing from its mouth and ears to denote this fragrant breath—adorned with multicolored roundels and posed guardant (full-faced).^[36] Continental variants, dating to circa 1340 in Styrian arms, feature a lion's body, eagle's forelegs, and sometimes a horned head or bull-like elements, distinguishing them from the more leopardine English form.^[36] The panther's symbolism emphasizes protective ferocity combined with benevolence, often signifying a fierce defender of kin—likened to a mother safeguarding her young—or broader themes of conquering malevolence, as in Christological interpretations from bestiaries.^[37]^[36] Historical examples include its use in the badge of King Henry VI of England (deposed 1461, died 1471) and the Seymour family arms, tied to Tudor-era nobility through Jane Seymour's lineage.^[36] Though uncommon relative to charges like the lion or eagle, it conveys vigilance and amiable strength without implying raw aggression. Modern symbolism of the panther builds on these heraldic roots, retaining associations with stealthy power and guardianship in recreative contexts like the Society for Creative Anachronism, where both English and continental forms are registered in armory.^[36] Beyond heraldry, it evokes resilience and cunning in cultural motifs, such as ancient Egyptian funerary rites employing panther skins for symbolic strength or Dionysian imagery linking it to vitality and revelry, though these lack standardized empirical validation across traditions.^[37]

Military and historical uses

Panzer V Panther tank

The Panzer V Panther (Panzerkampfwagen V Panther, Sd.Kfz. 171) was a German medium tank developed during World War II as a direct counter to the Soviet T-34, incorporating sloped armor and enhanced mobility inspired by captured T-34 designs studied after Operation Barbarossa in 1941.^[38]^[39] The project originated with the Panther Commission in 1941, leading to the selection of Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg (MAN)'s VK 30.02 (M) proposal over Daimler-Benz's more direct T-34 copy in May 1942, with pre-production prototypes ordered that month and rushed serial production beginning in November 1942 under Hitler’s directive for rapid deployment.^[39]^[38] Key specifications included a combat weight of approximately 44.8 to 45.5 metric tons, frontal hull armor of 80 mm at a 55-degree slope providing effective thickness of about 139 mm, turret frontal armor of 100-110 mm, and armament centered on the high-velocity 7.5 cm KwK 42 L/70 gun capable of penetrating most Allied and Soviet tanks at typical combat ranges, supplemented by two 7.92 mm MG 34 machine guns and 79-82 main gun rounds.^[38]^[39] Powered by a Maybach HL 230 P30 V-12 gasoline engine producing 700 horsepower, it achieved road speeds up to 55 km/h initially (reduced to 46 km/h in later variants due to weight increases) with a range of about 200 km, utilizing torsion bar suspension and interleaved road wheels for cross-country performance, though this design complicated maintenance.^[38]^[39] Production variants included the Ausf. D (initial model, 842 units from January 1943, featuring a drum-shaped turret and early mechanical layout), Ausf. A (2,200 units from July to December 1943, with improved turret design, better vision ports, and partial reliability fixes), and Ausf. G (approximately 2,961 units from September 1943 to May 1945, incorporating a simplified chassis, enhanced side armor to 50 mm, and further engine upgrades but retaining some drive train vulnerabilities).^[38]^[39] Total production reached between 5,984 and 6,334 tanks across MAN, Daimler-Benz, and other firms, with monthly output peaking at 330 units by late war, though resource shortages and Allied bombing hampered scaling.^[38]^[39] The Panther debuted in combat at the Battle of Kursk in July 1943, where around 200 Ausf. D models were deployed but suffered heavy attrition—156 write-offs by August due to mechanical breakdowns outpacing combat losses—with only 16% operational post-battle amid final drive and engine failures.^[38]^[39] It proved highly effective in open engagements on the Eastern Front against T-34s and KV-1s thanks to superior optics, gun accuracy, and sloped armor that deflected many hits, but vulnerability to flanking fire and high logistical demands limited its impact; bulk deployments remained in the East, with fewer units on the Western Front, Italy, and the 1944 Ardennes Offensive.^[38]^[39] Overall losses were substantial, often exceeding combat destructions due to non-battle causes, with post-war French use of captured examples highlighting lingering maintenance challenges.^[39] Reliability plagued early models, with frequent gearbox, steering, and final drive failures stemming from rushed development and overloaded components—such as engines prone to overheating and drives lasting under 150 km in initial batches—resulting in operational readiness rates below 35% in 1943 units.^[38]^[39] Incremental improvements in the Ausf. A and G, including reinforced drives and simplified production, raised mean time between failures, but core issues like the complex interleaved wheels and high power-to-weight strain persisted, never fully resolved despite claims of late-war adequacy in expert hands; these mechanical shortcomings causally amplified attrition rates beyond what superior design might suggest.^[38]^[39]^[40]

Other military designations

The Grumman F9F Panther was the United States Navy's first operational carrier-based jet fighter, entering service in 1949 with production models delivered starting that May.^[41] Powered by a single Allison J33 turbojet engine, the straight-winged aircraft achieved a top speed of approximately 479 knots and was armed with four 20 mm cannons, capable of carrying bombs or rockets for ground attack roles.^[41] During the Korean War, Panthers from squadrons such as VF-721 conducted combat operations from carriers like USS Valley Forge, marking the first jet-powered air-to-air victories by U.S. Navy aviators on July 3, 1950, when an F9F downed two North Korean Yak-9s.^[42] Over 1,300 units were produced across variants, including reconnaissance models redesignated RF-9 in 1962, before retirement in the mid-1950s as swept-wing successors like the F9F Cougar took precedence.^[43] The Eurocopter (now Airbus Helicopters) AS565 Panther is a twin-engine, multi-role naval helicopter derived from the civilian AS365 Dauphin, with military variants entering service in the 1980s for anti-submarine warfare, search and rescue, and troop transport.^[44] Equipped with two Turboméca TM 333-2M4 engines providing up to 970 shaft horsepower each, the AS565 features a four-blade main rotor and is armed with anti-ship missiles such as the Exocet, torpedoes, or a 20 mm cannon, alongside dipping sonar for submarine detection.^[44] Operators include the French Navy, which designated it as the AS565MA/MB for maritime roles since 1990, and export users like Brazil and Germany for similar missions; as of 2023, upgraded MBe variants incorporate enhanced avionics and survivability features for modern littoral operations.^[45] Production totals exceed 300 units, with ongoing service in over a dozen nations emphasizing its versatility in expeditionary and coastal defense scenarios.^[46]

Entertainment and media

Comics and film

The Black Panther, Marvel Comics' first major black superhero, debuted as T'Challa, king of the fictional African nation Wakanda, in Fantastic Four #52 in July 1966, created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby.^[47] The character draws on themes of African heritage and advanced technology, with T'Challa donning a vibranium suit granting enhanced abilities after consuming the heart-shaped herb.^[47] Subsequent comics expanded the lore, including T'Challa's Avengers membership and successors like Shuri.^[48] Marvel's Black Panther (2018), directed by Ryan Coogler, adapted T'Challa's story with Chadwick Boseman in the lead role, alongside Michael B. Jordan as Erik Killmonger, Lupita Nyong'o, and Danai Gurira.^[49] The film, produced by Kevin Feige, grossed $1.35 billion worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing film directed by a black filmmaker at the time.^[50] It portrays Wakanda's isolationist policies and internal conflicts, earning praise for cultural representation while facing critique for idealized depictions of African society.^[49] The Pink Panther, a mute anthropomorphic panther, originated in the animated title sequence of the 1963 live-action film The Pink Panther, with shorts like The Pink Phink (1964) produced by DePatie-Freleng Enterprises.^[51] The character appeared in over 120 shorts and tied into the Inspector Clouseau film series, emphasizing slapstick humor without dialogue.^[51] Bagheera, the black panther guide from Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book, featured prominently in Disney's 1967 animated adaptation, voiced by George Sanders, and the 2016 live-action/CGI version directed by Jon Favreau, voiced by Ben Kingsley. In both, Bagheera aids Mowgli's jungle upbringing and return to humanity, highlighting themes of mentorship and wilderness peril.

Video games

The Marvel Comics character Black Panther (T'Challa), a Wakandan king empowered by the heart-shaped herb and clad in vibranium suit, has been a playable character in numerous video games since the 1990s.^[52] His debut in licensed titles included fighting games like X-Men: Children of the Atom (1994) for arcade and Sega Genesis, where he served as a selectable fighter with claw-based attacks.^[53] Subsequent appearances expanded in crossover titles, such as the Marvel: Ultimate Alliance trilogy (2006–2016), where T'Challa joins ensemble teams against cosmic threats, utilizing pounce strikes and Wakandan tech.^[52] In action-adventure games, Black Panther featured prominently in Marvel's Avengers (2020) via the "War for Wakanda" expansion released on August 17, 2021, introducing him as a core playable hero defending against invading forces, with abilities like kinetic energy redirection from his suit.^[54] Other notable inclusions encompass Marvel vs. Capcom: Infinite (2017), blending his agile combos in 2.5D battles, and Lego Marvel Super Heroes (2013), depicting a brick-built version in open-world superhero antics.^[53] Crossover events, such as in Fortnite (2018 onward), integrated Black Panther as a battle royale skin with thematic emotes tied to Wakandan lore.^[53] A dedicated single-player Black Panther title was announced by Electronic Arts on July 10, 2023, developed by new studio Cliffhanger Games as an open-world action-adventure emphasizing narrative depth and multiple playable characters beyond T'Challa, including potential roles for Shuri and M'Baku.^[55] However, EA canceled the project in May 2025 amid studio closure and strategic refocus on high-growth IPs, after four years of pre-production that explored dynamic storytelling and nemesis systems.^[56] ^[57] Beyond superhero media, the black panther Bagheera from Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book appears in Disney-licensed platformers and rhythm games. In Disney's The Jungle Book (1994, various platforms including SNES and Sega Genesis), Bagheera guides protagonist Mowgli through jungle levels, marking stage ends and aiding in survival mechanics against foes.^[58] Rhythm titles like The Jungle Book: Rhythm 'n' Groove (2003, PlayStation 2) feature Bagheera in dance sequences voiced by Jim Cummings, mirroring his mentor role from the 1967 animated film.^[59] More recently, Bagheera serves as an epic crew member in the kart racer Disney Speedstorm (2023), boosting racer stats for competitive play.^[60] These portrayals consistently emphasize Bagheera's protective, panther-agile traits in family-oriented adventures.

Literature and other media

Rainer Maria Rilke's poem "Der Panther," written between 1902 and 1903 while observing animals at the Jardin des Plantes in Paris, portrays a captive panther whose vision is dulled by iron bars, symbolizing existential confinement yet momentary surges of inner vitality.^[61] The work, structured in three quatrains with an ABAB rhyme scheme, reflects Rilke's modernist themes of perception and the soul's resilience amid restriction.^[61] Earlier allegorical uses appear in English literature, such as John Dryden's "The Hind and the Panther" (1687), a heroic couplet poem debating Catholic and Anglican doctrines through animal metaphors, with the panther representing the Church of England as fierce yet doctrinally sound.^[62] An anonymous Old English poem titled "The Panther," preserved in the Exeter Book manuscript circa 975–1025, employs the beast as a Christological symbol, its fragrant breath evoking the diffusion of divine grace following resurrection.^[63] In American short fiction, Ambrose Bierce's "The Eyes of the Panther" (published October 17, 1897, in the San Francisco Examiner) features a woman haunted by a spectral panther linked to her family's curse, blending supernatural horror with psychological dread in a narrative of rejected love and inherited doom.^[64] Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book (1894) introduces Bagheera, a melanistic panther who rescues and mentors the abandoned human child Mowgli, drawing on the animal's reputed strength and cunning in Indian folklore while emphasizing themes of law, loyalty, and wilderness survival.^[65] These depictions privilege the panther's attributes of stealth, ferocity, and enigma, often anthropomorphized to explore human conditions without romanticizing the species' ecological realities.

Sports

Professional sports teams

The Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League (NFL) are the primary professional sports franchises named after panthers.^[66]^[67]

Ice hockey

The Florida Panthers, based in Sunrise, Florida, joined the NHL as an expansion team for the 1993–94 season.^[66] The franchise reached the Stanley Cup Finals in 1996, losing to the Colorado Avalanche in four games, marking the first NHL Finals appearance for a Florida-based team.^[66] After a period of inconsistency, the Panthers advanced to the Finals again in 2023, falling to the Vegas Golden Knights, before winning their first Stanley Cup championship in 2024 by defeating the Edmonton Oilers in seven games.^[68]^[66] As of the 2024–25 season, the team has made 11 playoff appearances and holds an all-time playoff record of 70–62.^[69]

American football

The Carolina Panthers, based in Charlotte, North Carolina, were awarded an NFL expansion franchise on October 26, 1993, and began play in 1995 alongside the Jacksonville Jaguars.^[67] The team set an NFL record for an expansion franchise with a 7–9 finish in its inaugural season.^[67] Carolina reached Super Bowl XXXVIII in 2003, losing to the New England Patriots 32–29, and returned to Super Bowl 50 in 2015 after a league-best 15–1 regular season, falling to the Denver Broncos 24–10.^[67] Through the 2024 season, the Panthers have a regular-season record of 223–267–1, with nine playoff appearances and two NFC Championship wins.^[70]

Other professional sports

Beyond major North American leagues, professional teams named Panthers exist in lower-tier or international competitions, such as the London Lions' former affiliations or minor league variants, but none compete in prominent global circuits like Major League Soccer or the NBA.^[71]

Ice hockey

The Florida Panthers are a professional ice hockey team competing in the National Hockey League (NHL) as a member of the Atlantic Division in the Eastern Conference. Founded in 1993 as an expansion franchise, the team is based in Sunrise, Florida, and plays home games at Amerant Bank Arena. The franchise name derives from the endangered Florida panther subspecies, reflecting regional wildlife.^[66]^[69] In their inaugural 1993–94 season, the Panthers achieved a franchise-record 83 points, setting an NHL mark for an expansion team's debut year at the time. They reached the Stanley Cup Finals in 1996, losing to the Colorado Avalanche in four games, but have since experienced periods of rebuilding interspersed with playoff contention. Under general manager Bill Zito since 2020, the team emphasized draft selections, trades, and free-agent signings focused on size, speed, and defensive structure, culminating in Eastern Conference championships in 2023 and 2024.^[72]^[69] The Panthers secured their first Stanley Cup on June 24, 2024, defeating the Edmonton Oilers 2–1 in Game 7 of the Finals, with Sergei Bobrovsky earning playoff MVP honors for his goaltending. They repeated as champions on June 17, 2025, winning 5–1 in Game 6 against the Oilers, becoming the first team since the 1983–84 New York Islanders to win consecutive titles amid a league-wide emphasis on parity. Through the 2024–25 season, the franchise holds a regular-season record of 1,058–1,031–111–144 and a playoff mark of 70–62, with 11 postseason appearances. Key contributors include forwards Matthew Tkachuk and Aleksander Barkov, acquired via trade and draft, respectively, alongside captain Aleksander Barkov's leadership in faceoffs and scoring.^[72]^[69]^[73] Other professional teams bearing the Panthers name include the defunct Louisville Panthers of the American Hockey League (AHL), which operated from 1990 to 1996 as a minor-league affiliate and played at Freedom Hall in Kentucky. In Europe, the Nottingham Panthers compete in the UK's Elite Ice Hockey League, established in 1946 with roots tracing to 1939, known for multiple league titles but operating outside North American major professional circuits. These teams represent secondary or regional professional usage compared to the NHL's prominence.^[73]

American football

The Carolina Panthers are a professional American football franchise in the National Football League (NFL), based in Charlotte, North Carolina, and competing in the NFC South division. The team was awarded as an expansion franchise on October 26, 1993, and commenced operations in 1995 with a 7–9 record, establishing a benchmark for expansion teams.^[67]^[74] Over 29 seasons through 2024, the Panthers compiled a regular-season record of 214–252–1, qualified for the playoffs nine times, and reached two Super Bowls (losing Super Bowl XXXVIII in 2003 and Super Bowl 50 in 2015) without securing a league championship.^[74] In addition, the Michigan Panthers operated as a professional team in the United Football League (UFL), a spring developmental league, from 2022 to 2025, drawing on the original USFL franchise's legacy before suspension for the 2026 season due to venue limitations in Detroit.^[75] The Bay Area Panthers, active in the Indoor Football League (IFL) since 2019, won the league's national championship in 2023 and made playoffs in 2024 and 2025 before announcing dormancy for 2026.^[76]^[77]

Other professional sports

The Detroit Panthers compete in the Maximum Basketball League (MBL), a professional basketball circuit, with their home base in Detroit, Michigan; the team maintains a roster for the 2025 season and participates in scheduled games across North America.^[78]^[79] In baseball, the Kitchener Panthers play in Canada's Intercounty Baseball League (IBL), a semi-professional league featuring college and independent players; established with roots tracing to the 1910s, the team has secured 12 IBL championships, most recently in 1998, and plays home games at Jack Couch Park in Kitchener, Ontario.^[80]^[81] The Panthers FC represents the British Virgin Islands in professional football as part of the BVIFA National Football League, based in Road Town; the club has competed in regional tournaments, including advancing in the 2015–16 league season.

Amateur and collegiate sports

The Pittsburgh Panthers represent the University of Pittsburgh in NCAA Division I athletics, primarily as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), fielding 19 varsity teams across sports including football, basketball, and volleyball.^[82] The program's football team claims nine national championships (1915, 1916, 1918, 1929, 1931, 1934, 1936, 1937, and 1976), the highest total for any major Eastern college program.^[83] ^[84] Other prominent collegiate Panthers programs include the University of Northern Iowa Panthers, which compete in NCAA Division I within the Missouri Valley Conference across 17 varsity sports such as wrestling and basketball.^[85] Georgia State University fields Panthers teams in Conference USA, with notable participation in football, baseball, and softball at the Division I level.^[86] High Point University Panthers participate in the Big South Conference for Division I sports like soccer, basketball, and track and field.^[87] Smaller NCAA programs bearing the Panthers name operate at Division II and III levels, including Florida Tech Panthers (Sunshine State Conference, with strengths in swimming and baseball) and LaGrange College Panthers (USA South Athletic Conference, emphasizing football and lacrosse).^[88] ^[89] These teams collectively highlight the Panthers mascot's prevalence in U.S. collegiate athletics, often symbolizing agility and fierceness in competition. Beyond collegiate levels, non-professional amateur Panthers teams appear in youth and club circuits, such as the Secret Society Panthers youth football and cheer program in Baltimore, serving community-based participants in tackle football for ages 5-14.^[90] AAU basketball clubs like the Ohio Panthers feature regional talent development for high school prospects, competing in national tournaments.^[91] Travel baseball and softball organizations, including Collier Panthers in Florida, affiliate with circuits like the National Amateur Sports Circuit for competitive play among youth athletes.^[92] These entities focus on skill-building and local competition without professional compensation.

Politics and activism

Black Panther Party

The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense was established on October 15, 1966, in Oakland, California, by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale, two activists who had met at Merritt College and organized in response to perceived police brutality against black residents.^[93] ^[94] The group's initial focus was community self-defense through armed patrols that monitored and confronted police during stops in black neighborhoods, drawing from a revolutionary ideology blending black nationalism, Marxism-Leninism, and Maoism, with the explicit aim of challenging state authority.^[95] ^[96] Its founding document, the Ten-Point Program drafted that October, demanded concrete reforms such as exemption from military service, unrestricted arming of black people for self-defense, and release of all black prisoners from "nonjust" incarceration, while condemning capitalism and imperialism as root causes of black oppression.^[97] By 1968, the party had expanded to dozens of chapters across the United States, attracting thousands of members and emphasizing "survival programs" alongside its militant posture, including the Free Breakfast for School Children initiative launched in January 1969 at St. Augustine's Church in Oakland, which provided meals to address child hunger and by its peak served approximately 20,000 children daily nationwide through volunteer efforts and church partnerships.^[98] ^[99] These programs, which also encompassed free health clinics and sickle cell anemia screening, were framed as direct action against systemic neglect but remained secondary to the party's core advocacy for armed struggle and overthrow of the U.S. government via guerrilla tactics, as evidenced by open calls for revolution in its newspaper and training in weaponry.^[96] ^[100] The organization engaged in multiple violent confrontations, including the 1967 shootout involving Newton that resulted in the death of Officer John Frey and Newton's subsequent manslaughter conviction (later overturned), as well as ambushes on police and internal purges, such as the 1969 torture and murder of suspected informant Alex Rackley by New York chapter members, leading to convictions for conspiracy and homicide.^[100] The Federal Bureau of Investigation classified the Black Panthers as "the greatest threat to the internal security of the country" by 1969, launching intensified COINTELPRO operations involving surveillance, infiltration, disinformation campaigns, and provocation of intra-group violence to neutralize the party, which contributed to over two dozen member deaths in clashes and raids between 1967 and 1973.^[96] ^[101] Internal factors accelerated decline, including factional splits between Newton and Eldridge Cleaver factions by 1971, authoritarian purges, embezzlement allegations against leadership, and rising drug abuse among ranks—despite early anti-narcotics rhetoric—which eroded discipline and public support.^[100] ^[102] By the mid-1970s, membership had plummeted from a high of around 5,000 to a few hundred, with Newton fleeing charges of embezzlement and murder before returning to face conviction in 1977; the party formally dissolved in 1982 amid unresolved debts and irrelevance.^[103]

Other political groups

The Dalit Panthers emerged in Mumbai, India, in June 1972, founded by poets and activists Namdeo Dhasal, Raja Dhale, and Arun Kamble amid rising caste violence against Dalits (formerly untouchables). Drawing inspiration from B. R. Ambedkar's anti-caste ideology and the U.S. Black Panther Party's militancy, the group organized protests, published radical literature, and advocated armed self-defense against upper-caste atrocities, emphasizing cultural revolution through Dalit poetry and pamphlets.^[104] ^[105] The movement peaked with events like the 1974 Worli riots response but fragmented by 1977 due to internal ideological splits and state repression, influencing subsequent Dalit literary and political activism despite its short lifespan.^[106] The White Panther Party was formed in November 1968 in Ann Arbor, Michigan, by countercultural figures John Sinclair, Pun Plamondon, and Leni Sinclair as a predominantly white leftist collective explicitly allied with the Black Panther Party. It promoted a "total assault on the culture" via rock music promotion (through the MC5 band), advocacy for marijuana legalization, opposition to the Vietnam War, and demands for community control, outlined in a ten-point program mirroring Black Panther goals but adapted for white radicals.^[107] ^[108] The group faced FBI infiltration and legal pressures, leading Sinclair's 1969 imprisonment for marijuana possession; it rebranded as the Rainbow People's Party in 1971, shifting toward broader communalism before dissolving amid the era's radical flux.^[109] The New Black Panther Party (NBPP), established in 1989 in Dallas, Texas, by Khalid Abdul Muhammad, promotes black separatism, economic self-reliance, and armed patrols, claiming continuity with the original Black Panthers but rejected by founders like Bobby Seale as a "black racist hate group" promoting anti-white and anti-Semitic rhetoric.^[110] The NBPP gained notoriety for endorsing violence against perceived oppressors and involvement in the 2008 Philadelphia voter intimidation incident, where armed members deterred voters at a polling place, prompting a dismissed Justice Department case criticized for political motivations by some observers.^[111] Labeled an extremist organization by groups like the Southern Poverty Law Center—itself accused of partisan bias in designations—the NBPP maintains a small presence, focusing on community programs alongside inflammatory public actions.^[112]^[110] The Gray Panthers, initiated in 1970 by Maggie Kuhn after her forced retirement, operated as an advocacy network for older Americans, pushing intergenerational equity, Medicare expansion, and anti-poverty reforms through lobbying and coalitions, distinct from militant panther groups in its focus on policy reform rather than confrontation.^[113] Active into the 1990s with chapters nationwide, it influenced senior rights legislation but declined after Kuhn's 1995 death, exemplifying non-violent, equity-oriented activism under the panther banner.^[114]

Brands, enterprises, and products

Automotive and consumer brands

Panther Westwinds was a British manufacturer of niche luxury and sports cars, operating from 1972 to 1990 in Surrey, England. Founded by designer Robert Jankel, the company specialized in bespoke vehicles that combined retro aesthetics—often imitating pre-war classics—with contemporary mechanical components sourced from mass-market suppliers like Ford and Triumph. Production emphasized low-volume, hand-built models appealing to affluent buyers seeking exclusivity, with annual output rarely exceeding dozens of units per model.^[115]^[116] Key models included the Panther De Ville (1974–1985), a neo-classic two-door coupe or convertible featuring aluminum coachwork over a lengthened Ford Cortina floorpan and powered by Ford V8 engines producing up to 200 horsepower; approximately 60 units were built, with owners including celebrities like Frank Sinatra and George Best. The Panther Kallista (1979–1989), a modern replica of the 1930s SS100, utilized a Ford V8 or V6 engine in a steel chassis with aluminum body panels, achieving 0–60 mph in under 7 seconds and top speeds over 120 mph, with around 250 produced before a brief U.S. assembly stint under the name De Ville. Other variants encompassed the lightweight Panther Solo (1977–1981), the six-wheeled Panther 6 (1977, limited to two prototypes with a 5.3-liter Rover V8 and dual rear axles for enhanced traction), the Panther Lima (1976–1980, a Ferrari 365 GTB/4-inspired grand tourer), the Panther FF (1978, a Ferrari FF homage with four-wheel drive), the J72 (1970s coupe with gullwing doors), and the economy-oriented Panther Rio (1970s–1980s, based on the Triumph Dolomite with a 2.0-liter engine targeting fuel efficiency). The firm's innovative but financially precarious approach led to bankruptcy in 1980, followed by revival under new ownership until cessation in 1990 amid declining demand for such confections.^[115]^[117] In motorcycles, Phelon & Moore (P&M) produced vehicles under the Panther brand from 1904 to 1967, renowned for reliable single-cylinder engines with rigid frames and simple, durable designs suited to everyday commuting; the model 100cc two-stroke, introduced in the 1930s, remained in production post-World War II due to its affordability and ease of maintenance, with over 100,000 units sold by the 1960s before discontinuation amid shifting market preferences for larger engines.^[118] Consumer brands bearing the Panther name include electrical appliance manufacturers like Panther Products in the Philippines, which has supplied transformers, automatic voltage regulators, extension cords with surge protection, and uninterruptible power supplies since the 1970s, emphasizing robust construction for household and light industrial use in a market prone to power fluctuations. Specialty coffee roaster Panther Coffee, based in Miami since 2014, offers blends like the 1927 medium roast from single-origin beans, targeting premium consumers via retail and wholesale with a focus on ethical sourcing. These brands operate independently and lack the cultural prominence of Panther's automotive ventures.^[119]^[120]

Other commercial uses

Panther Healthcare, founded in 2002, manufactures endoscopic surgical staplers and related medical devices, positioning itself as the third-largest global producer of open and endoscopic stapling products.^[121] The company focuses on minimally invasive surgical solutions, including linear cutters and cartridges used in procedures such as gastrointestinal and thoracic surgeries.^[122] In industrial automation, Panther Industries produces print-and-apply labeling systems for manufacturing, distribution, and e-commerce operations, with equipment like the Panther Predator applicator designed for high-speed, automated product identification.^[123] Established around 2003, the company serves sectors requiring precise barcode and label application to enhance supply chain efficiency.^[124] Meyer Sound's Panther series consists of compact line array loudspeakers introduced for professional audio applications, emphasizing energy-efficient designs that reduce power consumption in live sound reinforcement and installations.^[125] These self-powered systems, featuring advanced amplification and DSP processing, cater to touring concerts and fixed venues, prioritizing clarity and coverage over traditional larger arrays.^[125] Panther Wholesale supplies tactical knives, swords, and security gear to retailers, marketing itself as an innovative distributor of edged tools and personal defense products since its operations in the U.S. market.^[126] The brand emphasizes durable, functional items for outdoor and survival applications, distinct from mainstream consumer goods.^[126]

Science and technology

Computing and software

Mac OS X Panther (version 10.3) was the fourth major release of Apple's macOS operating system, announced on October 8, 2003, and made available starting October 24, 2003.^[127] It introduced over 150 new features, including Exposé for window management, improved Finder functionality with brushed metal aesthetics and columnar browsing, Fast User Switching, and the debut of Safari as the default web browser.^[128] The release emphasized enhanced performance, stability, and user interface refinements over its predecessor, Jaguar (10.2), while maintaining Unix-based architecture for server capabilities.^[127] In contemporary software, Panther refers to a cloud-native security operations platform developed by Panther Labs, founded in 2018 by Jack Naglieri to address scalability issues in traditional SIEM systems.^[129] The platform processes terabytes of raw logs daily into a structured data lake for threat detection, using machine learning and behavioral analytics rather than rigid rule-based queries, and integrates with cloud environments like AWS.^[130] It serves enterprises such as Dropbox and Asana, focusing on cost optimization and real-time alerting without proprietary ecosystems.^[131] PracticePanther is a cloud-based legal practice management application that automates workflows for law firms, including case tracking, billing, document management, and client communication via customizable tags and integrations.^[132] Launched to streamline operations for solo practitioners and larger firms, it supports mobile access and time tracking without requiring on-premises hardware.^[133]

Other scientific terms

In biological taxonomy, the term "panther" most frequently designates the genus Panthera within the Felidae family, encompassing the roaring big cats distinguished by a flexible hyoid bone enabling vocalizations such as roars. This genus includes five extant species: the lion (Panthera leo), tiger (Panthera tigris), leopard (Panthera pardus), jaguar (Panthera onca), and snow leopard (Panthera uncia).^[4]^[134] The etymology traces to the Ancient Greek pánthēr, historically applied broadly to leopards but now systematized under binomial nomenclature established by Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century.^[135] "Black panther" lacks status as a distinct species or subspecies, instead describing melanistic variants of Panthera pardus (African or Asian leopards) or Panthera onca (jaguars), where a dominant mutation in the ASIP gene suppresses pheomelanin production, yielding a glossy black coat that reveals rosette patterns under certain lighting. These forms occur at frequencies up to 11% in some leopard populations, such as in Malaysia's dense forests, but confer no unique taxonomic rank.^[136] In North American contexts, "panther" often specifically denotes the Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi), a subspecies of the cougar (Puma concolor) characterized by a tawny coat, white underparts, and kinked tail, with fewer than 250 individuals remaining as of 2023 due to habitat loss and genetic bottlenecks addressed via Texas cougar reintroductions starting in 1995.^[20] This usage diverges from Old World applications tied to Panthera, reflecting regional vernacular rather than strict cladistics, as Puma belongs to a separate genus lacking the Panthera roar capability.^[137] In bioinformatics, PANTHER (Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships) refers to a curated database and classification system for protein families, subfamilies, and functions, derived from phylogenetic trees built via hidden Markov models and sequence alignments across eukaryotic genomes. Version 16, released in 2020, encompasses over 12,000 families, integrates Gene Ontology terms (e.g., 2,234 biological process annotations), and supports inference of orthologs and paralogs for functional prediction in genomics studies.^[138]^[139] Developed by Applied Biosystems (now part of Thermo Fisher Scientific), it facilitates evolutionary modeling of gene function divergence, with applications in comparative proteomics and disease gene prioritization.^[140]

Transportation

Aircraft

The Grumman F9F Panther was the United States Navy's first operational carrier-based jet fighter, entering service in November 1948 after development began in 1946 as a response to the Navy's need for a swept-wing interceptor that evolved into a straight-wing design due to engine delays. Powered by a single Pratt & Whitney J42 turbojet engine delivering up to 7,000 pounds of thrust with afterburning, the aircraft achieved a maximum speed of 604 mph at sea level and a service ceiling of 42,190 feet, with early variants like the F9F-2 featuring four 20 mm cannons and provision for 2,000 pounds of bombs or rockets. Over 1,382 units were produced across variants, including reconnaissance models like the F9F-5P with cameras replacing some armament.^[141]^[142]^[143] The Panther saw extensive combat during the Korean War from July 1950, primarily with U.S. Marine Corps squadrons conducting ground attack and close air support missions, claiming the first U.S. Navy air-to-air victories with jets on November 9, 1950, when F9F-2s from VF-112 downed two MiG-15s. Its robustness allowed operations from carriers like USS Valley Forge, though it suffered from reliability issues with the J42 engine, leading to upgrades in later F9F-5 models with the more powerful Allison J33. The type was also the first jet flown by the Navy's Blue Angels demonstration team from 1949 to 1954, performing over 100 shows before transition to the swept-wing F9F Cougar. Panthers remained in frontline service until the mid-1950s, with some converted to drone control or target roles as DF-9E variants into the 1960s.^[141]^[144]^[145] The Eurocopter AS565 Panther, introduced in 1977 as the military navalized version of the civilian AS365 Dauphin, is a twin-engine medium helicopter optimized for anti-submarine warfare, search and rescue, and troop transport, with over 500 produced for export and domestic use. Equipped with two Turboméca Arriel 2C turboshafts each providing 850 shaft horsepower, it has a maximum speed of 190 mph, a range of 483 miles, and can carry up to 10 troops or sonar and torpedoes in ASW configuration, with variants like the AS565MB featuring dipping sonar and anti-ship missiles. Primary operators include the French Navy, which fields around 50 AS565s for Atlantic and Mediterranean duties, alongside nations such as Saudi Arabia, Brazil, and Indonesia for maritime patrol roles.^[44]^[146]^[45] The Parnall Panther was an early British single-engine biplane reconnaissance aircraft designed in 1917 for carrier operations, with 60 units built between 1918 and 1922 for the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm. Powered by a 230 hp Bentley BR2 rotary engine, it had a maximum speed of 109 mph, a wingspan of 29 ft 6 in, and could fold for shipboard storage, serving primarily on HMS Hermes and other early carriers for spotting and artillery direction until replacement by more advanced types in the mid-1920s.^[147]^[148]

Land vehicles

The Panzer V Panther was a German medium tank deployed from July 1943 until the end of World War II in Europe, designed primarily as a response to the Soviet T-34's superior sloped armor and mobility.^[149] It featured a 75 mm KwK 42 high-velocity gun capable of penetrating most Allied tanks at combat ranges, frontal armor up to 80 mm thick on later models, and a Maybach HL230 P30 engine producing 690 horsepower for a top speed of 46 km/h on roads.^[149] Approximately 6,000 units were produced across variants like Ausf. D, A, and G, though early models suffered from mechanical unreliability, including transmission failures and engine fires, due to rushed development and resource shortages.^[150] The tank proved effective in defensive roles, such as at Kursk in July 1943 where it inflicted heavy losses on Soviet forces, but its complexity limited mass production compared to simpler designs like the T-34.^[150] The Panther KF51, unveiled by Rheinmetall in June 2022, represents a contemporary main battle tank concept weighing 59 tonnes, armed with a 130 mm smoothbore gun for enhanced lethality against modern armored threats.^[151] It incorporates active protection systems, digital fire control, and hybrid propulsion for improved survivability and mobility, with a focus on integrating unmanned systems for reconnaissance and loitering munitions.^[151] Designed for future European armies, the KF51 emphasizes networked warfare over sheer mass production, drawing lessons from conflicts like Ukraine where precision and drone countermeasures are critical.^[151] The British Army's Panther, a variant of the Iveco Light Multirole Vehicle (LMV), entered service in 2008 as a 7-tonne protected patrol vehicle for command, liaison, and engineer roles, with capacity for 4 personnel and STANAG Level 2 ballistic protection.^[152] Powered by a 190 hp diesel engine, it achieves speeds up to 120 km/h and is air-transportable by Chinook helicopters, having been deployed in Afghanistan for convoy protection and route clearance.^[152] Over 400 units were procured, valued for mine-resistant V-hull design that mitigated IED threats, though maintenance costs and limited rear protection drew operational critiques.^[152] Other notable examples include the WaterCar Panther, an amphibious civilian vehicle introduced in 2013 with a land top speed of 80 mph via a 300 hp engine, transitioning to water propulsion in 15 seconds for 45 mph aquatic performance, primarily marketed for recreational use rather than military applications.^[153] The UAE's Panthera F9, a 5-door armored personnel carrier debuted around 2015, supports low-intensity operations with modular armor and a 7.62 mm machine gun, emphasizing border security in arid environments.^[154]

Naval vessels

HMS Panther (G41) was a P-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy during World War II, laid down on 15 July 1940 at Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company in Govan, Scotland, and launched on 28 May 1941.^[155] Commissioned on 12 December 1941 under Lieutenant Commander R. W. Jocelyn, she displaced 1,640 long tons standard and 2,250 long tons full load, with a length of 345 feet, beam of 35 feet, and top speed of 36 knots powered by two Parsons geared steam turbines and four Admiralty 3-drum boilers.^[156] Armed with five 4.7-inch QF Mark IX guns in three twin turrets and two quintuple 21-inch torpedo tubes, she served primarily in the Mediterranean, escorting convoys and supporting operations against Axis forces before being sunk on 9 October 1943 by German Ju 87 Stuka dive bombers east of Karpathos Island in the Aegean Sea, with 26 crew members killed.^[156]^[155] Earlier Royal Navy vessels included HMS Panther (1897), a B-class torpedo boat destroyer completed by Laird, Son & Company in Birkenhead, displacing 275 tons, with a length of 210 feet and speed of 30 knots, armed with one 12-pounder gun and three 18-inch torpedo tubes; she patrolled the east coast of England during World War I, based at Gorleston, searching for German submarines.^[157] The name dates back further, with a 54-gun fourth-rate ship of the line launched in 1703 and a sloop captured in 1758, among others in service through the Napoleonic era.^[155] In the United States Navy, USS Panther (AD-6), originally the commercial steamer SS Venezuela built in 1889 by William Cramp & Sons in Philadelphia, was purchased on 6 April 1898 and converted into an auxiliary cruiser displacing 4,260 tons, with a length of 384 feet 6 inches, beam of 45 feet, and speed of 20 knots.^[158] She participated in the Spanish-American War, blockading Cuban ports and transporting troops, then served as a repair ship and transport on the Asiatic Station until reassigned to the Atlantic Fleet in 1917, ferrying naval personnel to Brest, France, during World War I; decommissioned on 11 May 1923 at Charleston, South Carolina, after 25 years of service.^[158] A later miscellaneous vessel, USS Panther II (IX-105), was the former SC-1470 submarine chaser redesignated in 1945 for unclassified duties but saw limited naval use.^[159] The Austro-Hungarian Navy operated SMS Panther, a protected cruiser of the Panther class laid down in October 1884 at Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino in Trieste, launched in June 1885, and commissioned in December 1885, displacing 1,150 tons with a speed of 17.5 knots and armament including two 120 mm guns.^[160] Her sister ship Leopard followed similar specifications, both serving in Adriatic patrols until the empire's dissolution in 1918.^[160]

People

Individuals nicknamed Panther

Harry Wills (April 15, 1889 – December 21, 1958), an American heavyweight boxer active from 1911 to 1932, was known as "The Black Panther" for his sleek, predatory fighting style characterized by smooth out-boxing and power.^[161] He compiled a record of 70 wins, 9 losses, and 3 draws, with 56 knockouts, but was denied a title shot due to racial barriers in boxing during the era.^[162] Eusébio da Silva Ferreira (January 25, 1942 – January 5, 2014), a Portuguese footballer of Mozambican origin who played primarily for Benfica from 1960 to 1975, earned the nickname "The Black Panther" (O Pantera Negra) for his explosive speed, athleticism, and goal-scoring prowess as a striker.^[163] He scored 733 goals in 745 competitive matches, won the 1965 Ballon d'Or, and led Portugal to a third-place finish at the 1966 FIFA World Cup, where he netted nine goals.^[164] Luis Robert Jr. (born August 3, 1997), a Cuban-born outfielder for the Chicago White Sox since his MLB debut in 2020, is nicknamed "La Pantera" (The Panther) by teammates like José Abreu, reflecting his elite speed, power, and defensive range in center field.^[165] In 2020, his rookie season shortened by the pandemic, he hit .233 with 11 home runs and earned a Gold Glove; he followed with a .338 average, 38 homers, and 20 stolen bases in 2023, posting 5.2 Wins Above Replacement per Baseball-Reference.^[166]

Other uses

[Other uses - no content]

References

[1]
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/panthera
[2]
PANTHERA definition in American English - Collins Dictionary
a genus of chiefly large cats that includes the snow leopard, tiger, leopard, jaguar, and lion, most having the ability to roar<|separator|>
[3]
Panther Animal Facts - Panthera pardus, Panthera onca - A-Z Animals
The Panther (also commonly known as the Black Panther) is a large member of the Big Cat family, native to Asia, Africa and the Americas.
[4]
Panthera - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Panthera is defined as a genus within the subfamily Pantherinae, comprising large species ... It is therefore the most ancient panther species ever found.
[5]
PANTHER FACTS | Friends of the Florida Panther Refuge
Florida panthers are an endangered species and the only big cat East of the Mississippi River. Learn more about their biology, habits, and some common ...
[6]
Panthera Genus ~ Neofelis Genus ~ Classification - Wild Cat Family
Sep 11, 2025 · The Panthera lineage consists of seven cats, five of which are the largest in the cat family. This lineage comprises the five big cats of ...Tiger (Panthera tigris) · Lion (Panthera leo) · Jaguar (Panthera onca)
[7]
Big Cats Biological Classification | Taxonomy
Big Cat Classification List ; Tiger, Felidae, Pantherinae, Panthera, Panthera tigris ; Leopard, Felidae, Pantherinae, Panthera, Panthera pardus ; Jaguar, Felidae ...
[8]
Roaring Cats (Genus Panthera) - iNaturalist
Panthera is a genus within the Felidae family, including lion, tiger, jaguar, leopard, and snow leopard. It was first described in 1816.
[9]
[PDF] A revised taxonomy of the Felidae - Smithsonian Institution
The revised classification of Felidae recognizes 14 genera, 41 species, and 77 subspecies, a change from the 2005 classification.<|separator|>
[10]
Big Cats in the Wild - a FOUR PAWS Sanctuary
May 1, 2020 · The Pantherinae family includes the five big cat species, found within the genus Panthera: the lion (Panthera leo), tiger (Panthera tigris), ...
[11]
Black Panther Facts | Wild cats in the wild: Our mission, their future.
Black panther, a big cat (of any species, but most commonly a jaguar or a leopard) whose coloration is entirely black. This may have originated from the Latin ...
[12]
Felidae Wild Cat Family Classification ~ Pantherinae ~ Felinae
Sep 11, 2025 · The Felidae lower classifications consist of 2 subfamilies, 14 genera, 45 species and numerous subspecies. Family: Felidae. Subfamily: ...
[13]
Wild Cats 101: Black Cats and More on Melanism - Panthera.org
Oct 12, 2023 · Both jaguars and leopards can exhibit melanism which has led to the term “black panther” being used to describe both species of big cat over ...
[14]
Black Panthers Are Not a Species, So What are They? - Nerdist
Aug 14, 2015 · A melanistic jaguar. Thanks to modern genetics, we now know that what we call a panther or black panther is actually a melanistic variation–an ...
[15]
Mapping black panthers: Macroecological modeling of melanism in ...
Apr 5, 2017 · Even in the case of the black panther, an iconic melanistic variant of the leopard (Panthera pardus), no map exists describing its distribution.
[16]
Genetic basis of coat colour variation in members of genus Panthera
The colour aberration conditions include - albinism, leucism, melanism, hypomelanism, piebaldism and blue-eyed white morph. Based on the 239 instances of ...
[17]
What's the Difference Between Cougar, Puma & Mountain Lion
Rating 5.0 (20) Jan 17, 2023 · In North America, the feline is often referred to as mountain lion, cougar and panther, the last mainly in Florida.Missing: nomenclature | Show results with:nomenclature<|separator|>
[18]
The Many Names of Puma concolor: Mountain Lion, Cougar ...
Mountain lion, puma, panther, wildcat, catamount, painter, cougar—different names, same animal. Puma concolor holds the Guinness record for the animal with ...Missing: nomenclature | Show results with:nomenclature
[19]
Panther, puma, cougar: All names for the same cat - CSMonitor.com
Feb 7, 2023 · Puma concolor, though, is called “catamount” in Vermont, “cougar” in the Northwest, and everything from “painter” to “mountain screamer” in between.
[20]
Description and Range - FWC
The puma, of which panthers are a subspecies, once had the largest range of any land mammal in the Americas. This large cat lived as far north as the Yukon in ...
[21]
Big Cats, Big Personalities - Carnegie Museum of Natural History
“Big cat” is a term typically used to describe any member of the genus Panthera, though it can mean different things to different people.
[22]
Florida Panther Program - FWC
Panthers are listed as an Endangered Species under the Endangered Species Act and it is illegal to harm or harass them in any way. There are approximately 120- ...Protect the Panther license plate · Description and Range · Biology · CapturingMissing: threats | Show results with:threats
[23]
Florida Panther • Florida Wildlife Federation
The biggest threats to the Florida panther are habitat loss and fragmentation, which have drastically reduced the species' range and forced individuals into ...Today's Challenges · Conservation In Action · How To Help
[24]
The endangered Florida panther faces the dual threats of urban ...
Mar 2, 2025 · The endangered Florida panther faces the dual threats of urban sprawl and increased traffic · In 2024, 36 panther deaths were recorded by state ...
[25]
Florida Panther | Defenders of Wildlife
Threats. Habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation are the major threats to panther survival. Roadway mortality is the largest human cause of panther deaths.Florida Panther · Wildlife And Wild Places · Defenders' Impact
[26]
https://www.alligator.org/article/2025/03/opinions-the-florida-panther
[27]
Leopard Facts: Habitat, Threats & Conservation | IFAW
Leopards face severe threats from habitat loss, poaching, poorly regulated trophy hunting, and declining prey populations. As their territories shrink and food ...
[28]
Panther Population by Country 2025
The jaguar is considered near threatened, and its range has shrunk significantly due to habitat loss over the past century. Humans are another major threat, as ...<|separator|>
[29]
How Often Can Big Cats Be Black? - Panthera.org
Mar 15, 2018 · Melanistic forms for both jaguars and leopards are more likely to be found in moist forests. For example, 'black' leopards have been documented in Southeast ...
[30]
Dionysus Riding Panther - Ancient Greek Mosaic
DESCRIPTION. The god Dionysus rides side-saddle on the back of a panther. He is crowned with a wreath of ivy or vine-leaves and holds a ribboned thyrsus (pine- ...
[31]
https://www.artbidy.com/en/stories/the-symbolism-of-the-panther-in-the-history-of-art-from-dionysus-to-the-pink-panther
[32]
Panther-Head Armrest Decoration from a Couch, 2nd-1st century BC ...
The panther was associated with Dionysus, and knotted around its neck is a garland of grapes and ivy leaves, attributes of the god.
[33]
Bacchante on a Panther | Cleveland Museum of Art
In the companion picture, a bacchante—a female worshipper of the wine god Bacchus—rides on a panther, the god's symbolic animal. These works were shown at the ...Missing: mythology | Show results with:mythology
[34]
Panther Mythology - Wisdom Portal
The ancient Greeks believed the panther was one of the favored mounts of the god Dionysus. Other names for this creature are pantera, pantere, and love cervere.
[35]
Leopard Changes its Spots to turn Black Panther?—Part I
Apr 29, 2018 · An Egyptian mythological creature known as a Serpopard was a hybrid between a leopard and giraffe and is depicted on the Narmer Palette.<|control11|><|separator|>
[36]
Panther (legendary creature) - Wikipedia
The ancient Greeks believed the panther was one of the favored mounts of the god Dionysus. Other names for this creature are pantera, pantere, and love cervere.
[37]
Panther | Mistholme
May 23, 2014 · “Panther” refers to a kindly monster, described in medieval bestiaries as beautiful and amiable, whose sweet breath drives away evil.
[38]
Armorial Gold Heraldry Symbolism
PANTHER: The heraldic Panther is often depicted spitting fire from its mouth (and sometimes from its nostrils and its ears), bearing hind legs similar to a ...<|separator|>
[39]
Panzer V Panther Ausf.D, A, and G - Tank Encyclopedia
Dec 1, 2014 · The Panzerkampfwagen V Panther was a direct answer to the Russian T-34, developed from studies of captured tank from late 1941.
[40]
SdKfz 171 Panzer V / Panther Medium Tank - Military Factory
May 15, 2024 · Detailing the technical specifications, development, and operational history of the SdKfz 171 Panzer V / Panther Medium Tank including ...
[41]
Why was a strengthened final drive for the Panther not introduced ...
Sep 21, 2025 · The cumulative changes gradually improved Panther reliability, but never fully cured the issue. Early Panthers (Ausf. D) were notoriously ...Missing: V | Show results with:V
[42]
F9F-2 Panther - Naval History and Heritage Command
Grumman's first jet fighter, the F9F Panther was introduced in November 1947, but it wasn't until May 1949 that the first production models were delivered.
[43]
F9F-2 Panther - NNAM - National Naval Aviation Museum
F9F-2 Panther. The Navy's front-line fighter during the Korean War, the Panther scored the first air-to-air kills by a jet aircraft in Naval Aviation history.<|separator|>
[44]
F9F: Panther - Naval History and Heritage Command
In 1962, the remaining aircraft were designated DF-9E. Of note, Panther aircraft were the first jet to be used by the Blue Angels demonstration team in 1951.
[45]
Airbus Helicopters AS565 Panther - Military Factory
The Eurocopter AS565 "Panther" is nothing more than a medium class, multi-role, twin-engined militarized form of the original - and hugely successful - ...
[46]
AS565 Panther Helicopter French Navy Marine Nationale
The Panther is used for a wide range of military roles, including combat assault, fire support, anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface warfare, search and rescue, ...
[47]
Airbus Helicopter Dauphin & Panther - AirVectors
This document provides a history and description of the Dauphin family, including its "Panther" military variant, plus the "H175" and "H160" helicopters.
[48]
The History of the Black Panther: 1966-1968 - Marvel.com
Jan 22, 2018 · Relive T'Challa's historic debut and tag along for his first groundbreaking adventures! ... For more than 50 years, the Black Panther has stood at ...
[49]
Every Character Who Has Been the Black Panther - Marvel.com
Jul 22, 2022 · The next prominent Black Panther was Bashenga, the warrior shaman. He unified the five tribes, making him the first King of Wakanda and the ...
[50]
Black Panther (2018) - IMDb
Rating 7.3/10 (892,278) Black Panther: Directed by Ryan Coogler. With Chadwick Boseman, Michael B. Jordan, Lupita Nyong'o, Danai Gurira. T'Challa, heir to the hidden but advanced ...Full cast & crew · Parents guide · Black Panther · User reviews
[51]
Black Panther (2018) - Box Office Mojo
Black Panther grossed $700,426,566 domestically, $649,499,517 internationally, and $1,349,926,083 worldwide. China's gross was $105,062,459.
[52]
Pink Panther - John Cawley
The Pink Panther is a most unique character. Born from a movie title sequence, and featuring no voice, he is perhaps the only cartoon character based on ...<|separator|>
[53]
Every Marvel Game Where Black Panther Is A Playable Character ...
Jul 30, 2022 · Black Panther has appeared in all three games in the Marvel: Ultimate Alliance series. The action RPG titles let T'Challa join forces with fellow superheroes.
[54]
Best Video Games Featuring Marvel's Black Panther - TheGamer
Nov 26, 2022 · Best Video Games Featuring Marvel's Black Panther · 6 Disney Infinity 3.0 · 5 Marvel Vs. Capcom: Infinite · 4 Lego Marvel Super Heroes · 3 Fortnite.
[55]
Black Panther | Marvel's Avengers Wiki - Fandom
Black Panther (King T'Challa) is a playable character in Marvel's Avengers. Introduced in War for Wakanda, he is the King of Wakanda and serves as the main ...
[56]
Meet Cliffhanger Games™ - EA
Jul 10, 2023 · Meet Cliffhanger Games™ - a new EA studio developing a single-player action-adventure game based on Marvel's Black Panther.
[57]
EA Cancels Black Panther Game, Closes Cliffhanger Games - IGN
May 28, 2025 · Electronic Arts is canceling its planned Black Panther game and shutting down developer Cliffhanger Games, IGN has learned.
[58]
Why Marvel's Black Panther Video Game Was Canceled By EA
Jun 3, 2025 · The reasoning behind the cancelation of the game was EA's desire to "sharpen our focus and put our creative energy behind the most significant growth ...
[59]
The Jungle Book - Sega Retro
The game is a platformer played as the "man-cub" Mowgli. For four of the levels, the goal is to collect the eight gems hidden throughout the level.
[60]
Bagheera Voice - The Jungle Book: Rhythm 'n' Groove (Video Game)
Jim Cummings, Bob Joles are the voices of Bagheera in The Jungle Book: Rhythm 'n' Groove. Video Game: The Jungle Book: Rhythm 'n' Groove
[61]
Bagheera - Disney Speedstorm Wiki - Fandom
Bagheera is a Crew Member in Disney Speedstorm. It is an Epic Crew Member which means it gives Bonus % to all Racer statistics.
[62]
The Panther by Rainer Maria Rilke | Research Starters - EBSCO
"The Panther" is a poem by German poet Rainer Maria Rilke, composed of twelve lines structured in three quatrains and following an abab rhyme scheme.
[63]
The Hind and the Panther by John Dryden - Excellence in Literature
Jan 16, 2016 · “The Hind and the Panther” by John Dryden was published in 1687. It is an allegory told in heroic couplets, and it has also been described as a beast fable.
[64]
Ambrose Bierce publishes "The Eyes of the Panther" | COVE
On October 17, 1897, The San Francisco Examiner published Ambrose Bierce's "The Eyes of the Panther." In this short story, a woman named Irene Marlowe ...
[65]
The Eyes of the Panther - Story of the Week - Library of America
Jul 8, 2011 · In 1887 William Randolph Hearst hired Ambrose Bierce as a writer, beginning a long association with the San Francisco Examiner.
[66]
Bagheera (the Black Panther) in The Jungle Book Character Analysis
Like the tiger, Bagheera doesn't really have a place in the wolf pack, either, since he's a panther, not a wolf.
[67]
Team History & Records | Florida Panthers - NHL.com
Panthers Records · Season-By-Season Record · All-Time vs. Opponents · Playoff History · Draft History · Retired Numbers, Captains, Head Coaches & General Manager ...
[68]
Carolina Panthers - Team History | Pro Football Hall of Fame
On October 26, 1993, after six years of hopeful anticipation, the Carolina Panthers were awarded an NFL expansion franchise.
[69]
History | FLA Records
Explore the overall history of the Florida Panthers, including retired numbers, captains, head coaches, and general managers.
[70]
Florida Panthers Historical Statistics and All-Time Top Leaders
Team Name: Florida Panthers ; Seasons: 32 (1993-94 to 2025-26) ; NHL Playoff Appearances: 11 ; NHL Championships: 2 (2 Stanley Cups) ; Playoff Record: 70-62.Lost NHL Second Round · Paul Maurice · Lost Stanley Cup Final · Career Leaders
[71]
Carolina Panthers Team Records, Leaders, and League Ranks
Team Names: Carolina Panthers ; Seasons: 31 (1995 to 2025) ; Record (W-L-T): 223-267-1 ; Playoff Record: 9-8 ; Super Bowls Won: 0 (2 Appearances).2018 · 2017 · Passing · Carolina Panthers Playoff History<|separator|>
[72]
What teams in the four major North American sports share a name?
Jan 16, 2012 · Panthers: Carolina (NFL), Florida (NHL); Jets: Winnipeg (NHL), New York (NFL); Kings: Sacramento (NBA), Los ...
[73]
How Stanley Cup champion Florida Panthers were built - NHL.com
Jun 17, 2025 · The Florida Panthers won the Stanley Cup for the second straight season with a 5-1 win against the Edmonton Oilers in Game 6 of the Stanley ...Missing: facts | Show results with:facts
[74]
Florida Panthers hockey team statistics and history at hockeydb.com
Historical facts and data about the Florida Panthers hockey team of the NHL, including players, standings, logos, and game program images.2024-25 · 2023-24 · 2022-23 · 2021-22
[75]
Carolina Panthers - NFL Football Operations
The Carolina Panthers were established in 1995, won the NFC Championship in 2003, and had a 15-1 season in 2015, but have 0 Super Bowl titles.
[76]
UFL relocating Michigan Panthers out of Detroit for 2026 season
Oct 3, 2025 · The Michigan Panthers won't be returning to Detroit in 2026. The United Football League announced Friday that it is relocating the Panthers, ...
[77]
About the Bay Area Panthers
Mar 20, 2025 · From our founding in 2019 to claiming the 2023 IFL National Championship, the Bay Area Panthers have been on a mission to create a new kind of ...
[78]
Bay Area Panthers Enter Dormancy for 2026 Indoor Football League ...
Sep 17, 2025 · The team captured the IFL National Championship in 2023 and advanced to the league playoffs in both 2024 and 2025.
[79]
Detroit Panthers - Maximum Basketball League
Detroit Panthers. 2-2. Home · Roster · Schedule · Games · Stats. Schedule. Canada Wild ... Team Stats. Points For. Points Against. Full Team Stats. Season: 2025 ...
[80]
Detroit Panthers basketball, News, Roster, Rumors, Stats, Awards ...
DETROIT PANTHERS is a professional basketball club based in Detroit, USA. Home. Roster · Games.
[81]
About - Kitchener Panthers
The Panthers have played at Jack Couch Park since 1967. The franchise has won 12 IBL championships: 1952, 1953, 1957, 1967, 1968, 1971, 1973, 1990, 1996, 1998, ...
[82]
Intercounty Baseball League: Home
LATEST HIGHLIGHTS · 2025 IBL Playoffs: Welland Jackfish vs. · IBL FINALS Game 4 - Welland Jackfish at Barrie Baycats - Sep 13, 2025 at 4:05 PM · 2025 IBL Playoffs: ...
[83]
Panthers FC - Wikipedia
Panthers Football Club is a British Virgin Islands professional football club based in Road Town. During the 2015–16 BVIFA National Football League, ...
[84]
Pitt Panthers #H2P - Official Athletics Website
The official athletics website for the Pitt Panthers.
[85]
Pitt Football: Nine National Titles - 225 Years | University of Pittsburgh
Pitt has won nine national football championships—the most of any major college program in the East and the sixth-highest total ever.
[86]
Pitt Panthers Football - Acrisure Stadium in Pittsburgh, PA
Pitt has won nine national football championships—the most of any major college program in the East and the sixth-highest total ever.
[87]
UNI Panthers
Gameday: Women's Soccer vs Evansville Thursday, October 23.Staff Directory · 2025 Football Schedule · 2025-26 Men's Basketball... · Football
[88]
College Baseball Nicknames - 'Panthers'
List of Colleges and Universities ; Milwaukee, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Panthers ; Morton, Morton College, Panthers ; Neosho County CC. Neosho County ...
[89]
High Point University Athletics - Official Athletics Website
The official athletics website for the High Point University Panthers.
[90]
Florida Tech Panthers - Official Athletics Website
The official athletics website for the Florida Tech Panthers.
[91]
LaGrange College - Official Athletics Website
Men's Sports; Cross Country · Baseball · Basketball · Football · Golf · Lacrosse · Soccer · Tennis · Track & Field.
[92]
Secret Society Panthers Youth Football and Cheer Program
Mar 28, 2024 · The Woodlawn Secret Society Panthers Football Program is a non-profit community based organization serving the youth of Baltimore County and Baltimore City.
[93]
Successful Ohio Panthers AAU team comprised of many top area ...
Mar 7, 2024 · Some of the area's best young players came onboard, including Moy, Henry, Rishel, Warren JFK's Nick Ryan, Nico Ciminero and Michael Condoleon.
[94]
Collier Panthers Travel Sports Teams - Facebook
We are the NEWEST travel baseball/ softball League here in North Collier County. We are affiliated with The National Amateur Sports Circuit, Cal Ripken/ Babe ...Missing: non- | Show results with:non-
[95]
Black Panther Party founded - History.com
Oct 14, 2025 · On October 15, 1966, college students and political activists Bobby Seale and Huey P. Newton form the Black Panther Party, ...
[96]
The Black Panther Party | National Archives
Mar 22, 2021 · The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPP) was founded in October 1966 in Oakland, California by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale, who met at ...
[97]
The Black Panther Party: Challenging Police and Promoting Social ...
Founded in 1966 in Oakland, California, the Black Panther Party for Self Defense was the era's most influential militant black power organization.Missing: ten point<|separator|>
[98]
FBI Records: The Vault — Black Panther Party
It advocated the use of violence and guerilla tactics to overthrow the U.S. government. In 1969, the FBI's Charlotte Field Office opened an investigative file ...
[99]
(1966) The Black Panther Party Ten-Point Program | BlackPast.org
Written on October 15, 1966, the Black Panther Party Ten-Point Program outlines a clear set of demands aimed at achieving justice, equality, ...
[100]
How the Black Panthers' Breakfast Program Both Inspired and ...
Feb 6, 2018 · In 1969, a group of children sat down to a free breakfast before school. On the menu: chocolate milk, eggs, meat, cereal and fresh oranges.
[101]
Origins of Free Breakfast & The Food Justice Movement
Nov 10, 2020 · They started the free breakfast program in 1969 to help ensure kids had a healthy start to the day. By 1971, the Black Panthers had implemented ...
[102]
Black Panthers | HISTORY , Definition & Timeline
Nov 3, 2017 · Black Panthers Violence And Controversies ... The Black Panthers were involved in numerous violent encounters with police. In 1967, founder Huey ...Black Panthers Origins and... · Black Panthers Violence And...
[103]
COINTELPRO: Teaching the FBI's War on the Black Freedom ...
Sept. 27, 1968. FBI memo describing the Black Panther Party as the “most violence prone organization . . . now operating in the United States,” with ...
[104]
Explaining the Demise of The Black Panther Party
The confluence of three internal factors (intra-party conflict, strategic organizational errors, and a rise in party authoritarianism) contributed directly to ...Historical Overview · Demise of the BPP: Internal... · Intra-Party Conflict: The Early...
[105]
Black Panther Party | History, Ideology, & Facts | Britannica
Sep 26, 2025 · Although COINTELPRO contributed to its demise, the dissolution of the party's leadership also contributed to the downfall of the organization.Missing: internal | Show results with:internal
[106]
Dalit Panther Movement (1972-1977) - BlackPast.org
Aug 17, 2018 · Educated youth from the slums of Mumbai, India started the Dalit Panther Movement (DPM) in June 1972, inspired by Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar and the ...
[107]
Remembering The Dalit Panthers - Madras Courier
Jun 6, 2024 · The Dalit Panthers were a social movement against caste discrimination, founded in 1972, inspired by Ambedkar and the Black Panthers, and used ...
[108]
Revisiting the Legacy of Dalit Panthers in India
Nov 17, 2024 · The Dalit Panthers used radical ideologies, deviating from Ambedkar's integration, and attempted to shift Dalit politics to a revolutionary ...<|separator|>
[109]
Ten Point Program White Panther Party | Ann Arbor District Library
1. WE WANT FREEDOM. WE WANT THE POWER FOR ALL PEOPLE TO DETERMINE THEIR OWN DESTINIES. 2. WE WANT JUSTICE. WE WANT AN IMMEDIATE AND TOTAL END TO ALL POLITICAL, ...
[110]
The White Panther Party - Cross Cultural Solidarity
The White Panther Party was a group that pledged to support the Black Panther Party and advocated for the freedom of political prisoners and the abolition of ...
[111]
White Panther Party - Design after Capitalism
A militant, antiracist, socialist group composed primarily of young white radicals working toward goals similar to the Black Panthers'.
[112]
New Black Panther Party - Southern Poverty Law Center
Bobby Seale, a founding member of the original Panthers, called the organization “a black racist hate group.” Fahim Minkah and Marvin Crenshaw, original ...
[113]
[PDF] The U.S. Department of Justice and the New Black Panther Party ...
Dec 19, 2010 · Sirs: The United States Commission on Civil Rights transmits this report, Race Neutral Enforcement of the Law? DOJ and the New Black Panther ...
[114]
Report: New Black Panther Party for Self Defense (NBPP) - ADL
The NBPP's divisive positions have been condemned by members of the original Black Panthers. Co-founder Bobby Seale believes that the NBPP has “hijacked our ...
[115]
Gray Panthers - University of Pennsylvania Press
Roger Sanjek examines Gray Panther activism over four decades. Here the ... political ties that made the group unique among contemporary activist groups.
[116]
The Gray Panther Movement as a Model for Intergenerational ...
... Panther movement. This article highlights the promise of critical cosmopolitanism as a theoretical framework and considers the Gray Panthers as a model for ...
[117]
Panther Car History
Panther started in 1972, building unusual cars. It became Panther Car Company in 1980, and stopped UK production in 1989/90. The Panther 6 was made in 1977.
[118]
Panther Westwinds - Supercars.net
Panther Westwinds, a British car manufacturer, gained prominence in the 1970s with its unique and luxurious vehicles, most notably the Panther DeVille.
[119]
Panther Westwinds is the best British car company you've never ...
Jul 4, 2020 · From 1970s supercars to six-wheel convertibles, this is the incredible story of the rise and fall of Panther Westwinds.
[120]
P&M - Panther - Historic Vehicles
P&M, or Phelon & Moore, produced motorcycles mainly under the Panther brand from 1904 to 1967, known for its single-cylinder engine design.
[121]
Panther Products Philippines: Home - Extension Cord, Transformer ...
Panther is a trusted Philippine manufacturer and supplier, supplying transformers, AVRs, Extension Cords w/ Surge Protection, UPS, and others for ~50 years.Panther Power on Delay 10A... · About Us · Our Products · Contact Us
[122]
Products – PantherCoffee
Free delivery over $50Products ; 1927 - Panther Coffee Blend · $19.00+ ; 1985 ESPRESSO - Panther Coffee Blend · $19.00+ ; Baratza Encore ESP · $199.95 ; Baratza Sette 270Wi Espresso Grinder.Missing: consumer brands
[123]
About us - Panther Healthcare USA
Founded in 2002, Panther Healthcare is the 3rd largest global manufacturer of open and endoscopic stapling products.
[124]
https://labeling-machinery.net/panther-industries-inc/
[125]
Panther Predator Label Printer Applicator - ID Technology
Panther, a ProMach product brand under our Labeling & Coding business line, engineers, manufactures, and installs a complete range of labeling automation ...
[126]
Panther Industries, Inc. - Labeling Machinery
Panther Industries is a leading provider of labeling machinery and solutions for various industries. The company was founded in 2003 and is headquartered in ...
[127]
PANTHER | Meyer Sound
Going greener isn't just better for the planet, it's better for business. PANTHER's compact, power-efficient design means you'll use less energy at the show.<|separator|>
[128]
Panther Wholesale - Wholesale Knives Swords and Tactical ...
Panther Wholesale is the leading supplier of knives, swords, tactical equipment, and security gear. We are the most innovative knife company in the USA!
[129]
Apple Announces Mac OS X “Panther”
Oct 8, 2003 · Mac OS X version 10.3 “Panther” will be available on October 24 beginning at 8:00 pm at Apple's retail stores and through Apple Authorized Resellers.
[130]
Mac OS X Panther Version 10.3 - Software - Computing History
It was released on October 24, 2003. For the End User Mac OS X Panther had over 150 new features, including: Finder: Updated with a brushed ...
[131]
Panther - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding
Panther is a modern SIEM platform that solves the challenges of security operations at scale. ... Panther was founded in 2018 by Jack Naglieri in San ...
[132]
Panther - AWS Marketplace
Panther is a cloud-native threat detection platform that transforms terabytes of raw logs per day into a structured security data lake.
[133]
Panther | The Security Monitoring Platform for the Cloud
Panther is the security monitoring platform for the cloud, trusted by teams at Zapier, Dropbox, Asana and more to optimize costs and control, ...Panther Docs · Panther AI · Terms of Service · See all integrations
[134]
PracticePanther: Law Practice Management Software
Learn how PracticePanther's law practice management software can automate your firm processes, billing, time tracking & more. Try it free!
[135]
PracticePanther Legal Software 2025: Benefits, Features & Pricing
PracticePanther is a cloud-based legal practice management software designed to support law firms of all sizes and across various specialties, including ...
[136]
Panthera - New World Encyclopedia
Panthera is a genus of large, wild cats in the mammalian family, Felidae, and includes the four, well-known living species of the lion (Panthera leo), the ...
[137]
Leopard (Panthera pardus) Fact Sheet: Taxonomy & History
Oct 15, 2025 · Genus Panthera, Latin word meaning "panther" (Brown 1956; OED); Specific epithet pardus, from the Greek pardos, meaning "leopard" or "male ...Missing: definition | Show results with:definition
[138]
5 Essential Insights on Panther Scientific Names: The 2025 Guide
Sep 11, 2025 · The scientific name for the panther is Panthera pardus, which refers specifically to the leopard species often associated with the term “panther ...
[139]
[PDF] Florida Panther Taxonomy - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Cranial morphology continues to discriminate FL panthers and TX pumas. Page 18. Florida Panther Taxonomy- Recent Research. • Conservation project using Whole ...
[140]
PANTHER version 16: a revised family classification, tree-based ...
Dec 8, 2020 · It contains 3336 terms, with 2234 biological process, 557 molecular function and 542 cellular component terms. The number of classes has ...Missing: nomenclature | Show results with:nomenclature
[141]
PANTHER: A Library of Protein Families and Subfamilies Indexed by ...
PANTHER/X is an abbreviated ontology for summarizing and navigating molecular functions and biological processes associated with the families and subfamilies.
[142]
PANTHER version 10: expanded protein families and functions, and ...
Nov 17, 2015 · The latest version of PANTHER, 10.0, includes almost 5000 new protein families (for a total of over 12 000 families), each with a reference phylogenetic tree.
[143]
F9F: Panther - Naval History and Heritage Command
Of note, Panther aircraft were the first jet to be used by the Blue Angels demonstration team in 1951. The Grumman F9F Cougar was an updated version of the ...
[144]
Grumman F9F Panther Carrier-Borne Fighter / Ground Attack Aircraft
Rate-of-climb measured 5,140 feet per minute. Dimensions included a length of 37 feet, 3 inches, a wingspan of 38 feet and a height of 11 feet, 4 inches.
[145]
Grumman F9F-5P 'Panther' | Planes of Fame Air Museum
The Grumman F9F Panther was the first turbo-jet powered fighter to serve in quantity with the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps, the first to see combat, and the first ...
[146]
Grumman F9F-2 “Panther” - Wings of Freedom Aviation Museum
This model also became the first jets used by the Navy's Blue Angel flight demonstration team for the 1949 through 1954 seasons. The DVHAA's F9F-2 is Bureau # ...
[147]
F9F Panther - Warhawk Air Museum
Grumman F9F Panther Specifications · Length: 37'5″ · Height: 11'4″ · Wingspan: 38′ · Empty Weight: 9,303 lbs · Max Weight: 19,494 lbs · Range: 1,353 miles · Service ...
[148]
AS565 MBe Panther Multi-Role Helicopter - Naval Technology
Jan 4, 2018 · AS565 MBe Panther multi-mission helicopter is intended for use by navies and coast guards in a wide range of naval warfare and maritime security tasks.Missing: operators | Show results with:operators
[149]
Parnall Panther - carrier-borne reconnaissance aircraft - Aviastar.org
Specification ; Length, 7.95 m, 26 ft 1 in ; Height, 3.2 m, 11 ft 6 in ; Wing area, 31.21 m · 335.94 sq ft ; PERFORMANCE ; Max. speed, 175 km/h, 109 mph.
[150]
The Parnall Panther Aircraft - historic aircraft production Cornwall
General characteristics · Crew: 2 · Length: 24 ft 11 in (7.59 m) · 14 ft 6 in (4 m) folded · Wingspan: 29 ft 6 in (8.99 m) · Height: 10 ft 6 in (3.20 m) · Wing area: ...
[151]
World War II German Panther Tank - ThoughtCo
May 12, 2025 · The Panther was a powerful medium tank developed to counter the T-34, with thick armor, a high-velocity gun, and a 7.5cm gun, and a 690 hp ...
[152]
Panther - The Tank Museum
The Panther, considered the best German tank of WWII, was a copy of the T-34, with a 75mm gun, 80mm armor, and 5 crew members. 3694 were produced.
[153]
Panther KF51 main battle tank - Rheinmetall
The Panther KF51 is a new MBT with a 130mm gun, integrated survivability, a fully digitized system, and a 59-tonne weight for high mobility.
[154]
Panther | The British Army
The Panther is a 7-tonne air transportable vehicle used by commanders, sergeant majors, liaison officers, and as a commander's vehicle for engineer troops.
[155]
The WaterCar Panther Is the Amphibious Jeep Car-Boat You Forgot ...
Apr 20, 2020 · The WaterCar Panther has a manufacturer-claimed land top speed of 80 mph and maxes out at 45 mph on the water. Sales of the WaterCar Panther ...
[156]
https://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/4491.html
[157]
https://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_HMS_Panther_1897.html
[158]
HMS Panther (G 41) of the Royal Navy - Allied Warships of WWII
HMS Panther (Lt.Cdr. The Viscount Jocelyn, RN) was bombed and sunk by German Ju-87 divebombers east of Karpathos Island, Greece. Panther sank in less then ...
[159]
HMS Panther (1897)
The Panther and the Vixen were based at Gorleston, on the east coast of Norfolk. The flotilla's wartime role was to patrol the east coast, search for submarines ...
[160]
Panther I (Iron-hulled Steamer)
Jan 13, 2016 · The first Panther, the former Venezuala, an iron-hulled steamer built by William Cramp and Sons, Philadelphia, Pa. in 1889, was purchased by the ...
[161]
Panther II (IX-105) - Naval History and Heritage Command
Jun 8, 2016 · Redesignated as a “miscellaneous” type of vessel, of an “unclassified” nature, SC-1470 was named Panther and given the identification number IX ...
[162]
Panther class cruisers (1885) - Naval Encyclopedia
The Panther was laid down in October 1884 and the Leopard in January 1885. They were launched in June and September 1885 and accepted in December 1885 and March ...
[163]
Harry Wills - BoxRec
alias, Black Panther. nationality, USA. stance, orthodox. height, 6′ 2″ / 188cm. reach, 84″ / 213cm. residence, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. birth place, New ...Missing: nickname | Show results with:nickname
[164]
The Black Panther And The Phantom Title Fight: Dempsey vs Wills
Enter one Harry Wills, a Louisiana native known as “The Black Panther.” A man with a rectangular frame, Wills kicked around the heavyweight division for ...Missing: nickname | Show results with:nickname
[165]
Eusébio: Black Panther - These Football Times
Apr 4, 2018 · As Eusébio - Benfica, Portugal and Mozambique's Black Panther - was laid to rest in Lumiar cemetery, the millions of mourners were all the ...Missing: nickname | Show results with:nickname
[166]
Black Panther, Black Pearl, o Rei Nickname - Sports King
Nicknamed the "Black Panther" because of his speed and the "Black Pearl" because he was that rare and special of a player, Eusebio is one of the football greats ...
[167]
Forget 'LuBob' and embrace 'La Pantera,' the one true Luis Robert ...
May 1, 2019 · Luis Robert is on his way to earning his nickname “La Pantera,” which was bestowed upon him by José Abreu, among others.
[168]
Luis Robert Jr. Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Rookie Status & More
Nicknames: La Pantera. Pronunciation: \robert\. View Player Info from the ... La Pantera is a nickname for Luis Robert Jr.. Other Resources & Links. More ...