Gabrielle Zevin
Gabrielle Zevin is an American author and screenwriter whose novels span young adult fiction and literary works for adults, including the New York Times bestseller Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow (2022).[1] Her debut adult novel, Margarettown (2005), was followed by the young adult title Elsewhere (2005), which explores themes of death and afterlife through a teenager's perspective.[2] Zevin graduated from Harvard College in 2000 with a concentration in English and American literature, after taking a leave to work on a film project.[2] Subsequent novels such as The Hole We're In (2010), The Storied Life of A.J. Fikry (2014), and Young Jane Young (2017) address family dynamics, bookselling, and political scandal, respectively.[2] Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow remained on the New York Times bestseller list for over a year and was selected as one of the 100 best books of the 21st century by the New York Times in 2024.[1] Her works have been translated into more than 40 languages, reflecting broad international appeal.[1] In addition to novels, Zevin has written screenplays and contributed to theater, drawing from early experiences as a teenage music critic for a local newspaper.[2] Raised by a Korean immigrant mother and an Ashkenazi Jewish father, she credits family emphasis on reading and libraries for her literary inclinations.[2] Zevin resides in Los Angeles with her partner, director Hans Canosa, and their rescue dogs.[2]Early life and education
Family background and childhood
Gabrielle Zevin was born on October 24, 1977, in New York City to parents of mixed heritage: her father, an American-born Ashkenazi Jew with Russian, Lithuanian, and Polish ancestry, and her mother, who was born in Korea and immigrated to the United States at age nine.[3][4] Her mother, raised Catholic, learned English primarily through exposure to television and books after arriving in the U.S.[2] Zevin's parents both worked in the computer industry, reflecting a household attuned to technological and intellectual pursuits.[5] Zevin grew up primarily in Florida, where she navigated a biracial identity amid contrasting cultural influences from her Korean maternal side and Eastern European Jewish paternal lineage.[6][7] She has described herself as culturally Jewish, shaped by family traditions that emphasized intellectual engagement over strict religious observance.[8] A core family value was the centrality of books and reading, with Zevin's household instilling the belief that literacy was indispensable to personal growth and that neglecting it equated to leaving a child behind developmentally.[9] This environment fostered her early immersion in literature, influencing her worldview through narratives that bridged diverse cultural perspectives.[10]Academic pursuits and early influences
Zevin demonstrated precocious interest in writing and criticism during her adolescence, securing a position as a music critic for the Fort Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel at age fourteen after submitting a letter to the editor that strongly disagreed with a published review, thereby impressing the editor with her analytical insight.[11][8] This early professional engagement honed her skills in evaluating artistic works, exposing her to the structures of argumentation and narrative evaluation that underpin literary craft, and marking her initial foray into published commentary on media and culture.[12] She attended Harvard University, graduating in 2000 with a concentration in English and a focus on American literature.[13][2] The academic environment proved intensely stimulating, prompting Zevin to initially withdraw somewhat amid the breadth of intellectual pursuits available, though her coursework immersed her in canonical texts that emphasized narrative form, character development, and cultural critique—elements central to her later authorial approach.[2] She took a leave during her senior year, which allowed reflection on these influences without immediate academic pressure, ultimately shaping a self-directed engagement with literature over rote scholastic achievement.[8]Professional career
Early writing and journalism
Zevin commenced her professional writing career at the age of fourteen as a music critic for the Fort Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel, securing the position after submitting an incisive letter to the editor that demonstrated her critical acumen.[10][2] This early journalistic role involved reviewing local music scenes and honing her analytical voice amid the vibrant cultural milieu of South Florida.[14] Her contributions extended to short stories and essays during her teenage years, reflecting a foundational interest in narrative forms that bridged nonfiction critique and fiction.[2] Transitioning to book-length fiction, Zevin published her debut young adult novel, Elsewhere, on September 9, 2005, through Farrar, Straus and Giroux.[15] The work follows protagonist Liz Hall, a fifteen-year-old who navigates an afterlife realm after a fatal accident, exploring themes of grief, maturation, and existential adjustment through a blend of realism and speculative elements.[16] This entry into YA fiction established her market presence, drawing praise for its poignant handling of loss while signaling her shift from journalistic brevity to expansive storytelling.[17] Subsequent early efforts in young adult literature further developed her skills in character-driven narratives, preceding her pivot to adult-oriented works.[18]Novel writing and breakthroughs
Zevin's mid-career novels marked a shift toward adult-oriented fiction exploring family dysfunction and personal reinvention. The Hole We're In, published in 2010, centers on the Pomeroy family's financial and identity struggles amid economic hardship, drawing from themes of poor decision-making and intergenerational conflict. While critically noted for its portrayal of contemporary family drama, it did not achieve widespread commercial prominence.[19] A commercial turning point arrived with The Storied Life of A.J. Fikry, released on April 1, 2014, which follows a curmudgeonly bookseller's transformation through unexpected relationships and literature's redemptive power. The novel spent over four months on the New York Times bestseller list, reached #1 on the National Indie Bestseller List, and appeared on USA Today's bestseller rankings, signaling Zevin's appeal to broader audiences with its blend of humor, pathos, and bibliophilic charm.[20][21] By one estimate, it has sold over five million copies worldwide.[22] Zevin's tenth novel, Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, published in July 2022, represented her most significant breakthrough, chronicling the decades-long friendship and creative collaboration between game designers Sam Mazur and Sadie Green amid themes of human connection, loss, and the iterative nature of relationships mirrored in video game development. The book debuted as an instant New York Times bestseller, remaining on the list for 33 weeks and selling over one million copies in the United States alone.[23] It ranked #76 on the New York Times' list of the 100 Best Books of the 21st Century and has been translated into forty languages, underscoring its global resonance.[24][25] In the UK, it exceeded 1.4 million copies sold across editions.[26] This success highlighted Zevin's ability to weave gaming culture into explorations of enduring platonic bonds, positioning the novel as a cultural touchstone for interpersonal dynamics in digital eras.[27][28]Screenplays and adaptations
Gabrielle Zevin began her screenwriting career shortly after graduating from Harvard University in 2000, initially focusing on independent films that emphasized intimate, dialogue-driven narratives distinct from the expansive prose of her novels. Her debut screenplay, Alma Mater (2002), directed by Hannah Weyer, explored themes of academic pressure and personal identity among college students, marking her entry into visual storytelling where constraints of runtime and visual pacing necessitated tighter causal structures than in literary fiction. In 2005, Zevin wrote the screenplay for Conversations with Other Women, directed by Hans Canosa, featuring Helena Bonham Carter and Aaron Eckhart in a split-screen format that captured fragmented relational dynamics over a wedding reception; the film earned her an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best First Screenplay, highlighting her ability to adapt interpersonal tensions into concise, visually innovative scripts.[29] Zevin adapted her 2007 young adult novel Memoirs of a Teenage Amnesiac into a screenplay that resulted in the 2010 Japanese film Dareka ga Watashi ni Kiss wo Shita (Someone Kissed Me), directed by Takeshi Yoshida and starring top Japanese idol Aoi Miyazaki, demonstrating her involvement in international cross-cultural adaptations where narrative fidelity contended with localized performance styles and audience expectations. For her 2014 novel The Storied Life of A.J. Fikry, Zevin penned the screenplay for the 2022 English-language film adaptation, directed by Hans Canosa and starring Kunal Nayyar as the widowed bookseller A.J. Fikry and Lucy Hale as aspiring writer Amelia; released on October 7, 2022, the film retained core elements of redemption through literature and found family but compressed the novel's episodic structure into a 104-minute runtime, prioritizing visual motifs of island isolation and bookstore intimacy over extended internal monologues.[30][31] As of May 2024, Paramount Pictures is developing a film adaptation of Zevin's 2022 novel Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, with Academy Award-winning director Siân Heder (CODA) attached to helm the project, focusing on the decades-spanning friendship and video game industry collaboration between protagonists Sam and Sadie, though production details including casting and Zevin's direct screenplay involvement remain unconfirmed.[32][33]Major works
Key novels
Zevin's primary novels, primarily standalones, address themes of identity, loss, and interpersonal bonds across young adult and adult categories. Her debut, Elsewhere (2005), published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux, follows 15-year-old Elizabeth Hall, who dies in a bicycle accident and arrives in an afterlife called Elsewhere, a realm resembling Earth where inhabitants age backward toward childhood and must release attachments to reincarnate.[34][35] Memoirs of a Teenage Amnesiac (2007), also for young readers and issued by Farrar, Straus and Giroux, depicts high school student Naomi Porter, who loses four years of memory after falling down stairs during a coin toss game; she reconstructs her life, questioning past relationships including a marriage and navigating reinvention amid peer dynamics.[34][36] Among adult works, The Storied Life of A.J. Fikry (2014), released by Algonquin Books, portrays curmudgeonly bookseller A.J. Fikry on Alice Island, whose isolated existence transforms after his wife's death, a stolen rare Poe edition, and the arrival of an abandoned toddler at his struggling bookstore, prompting reflections on literature's role in redemption.[34][37] Young Jane Young (2017), published by Scribner, traces Aviva Grossman's career derailment from a sexual affair with a married congressman, blogged anonymously as "Jane Young," and her subsequent reinventions across roles as mother, campaign manager, and mayoral candidate, examining media scrutiny on women's ambition.[34][38] Zevin's 2022 Knopf novel Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow centers on lifelong friends Sam Mazur and Sadie Green, who bond as preteens over video games in a 1980s Los Angeles hospital playroom—Sam recovering from burns, Sadie visiting her ill mother—then collaborate on innovative game designs amid personal strains like disability, grief, and romantic tensions, incorporating procedural generation and narrative-driven gameplay as motifs for relational iteration.[34][39][40]Other contributions
Zevin contributed the short story "Fan Fictions" to the young adult anthology Love Is Hell, edited by Justine Larbalestier and published by HarperTeen in 2009, which features supernatural-themed tales by multiple authors exploring themes of romance and the afterlife.[41][42] The story examines loneliness and the blurred lines between fandom and reality, extending Zevin's interest in emotional isolation seen in her longer fiction.[43] In non-fiction, Zevin penned the essay "The Secret to Marriage Is Never Getting Married," published in The New York Times' Modern Love column on October 16, 2017, reflecting on her long-term partnership without formal marriage as a deliberate choice for autonomy amid relational complexities.[44] She later wrote "What makes me happy now: my very old dog" for The Guardian on March 14, 2023, detailing the joys and grief of caring for an aging pet, emphasizing presence over productivity in personal fulfillment.[45] These pieces, drawing from lived experience, have broadened her public voice on intimacy and loss, independent of her narrative works.[46]Reception and impact
Critical assessments
Zevin's Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow (2022) has been praised by reviewers for its nuanced portrayal of platonic friendship and creative partnership amid personal adversity, particularly within the video game development milieu. The New York Times described it as a "love letter to the literary gamer," highlighting its ability to weave emotional resonance through characters' shared history of loss and reinvention without resorting to overt romance.[47] Similarly, The Guardian commended the novel's "artfully balanced" structure, noting its textured depiction of collaboration that avoids saccharine resolutions while exploring themes of reinvention and human connection.[48] Such assessments position Zevin's work as a literary gem for centering interpersonal dynamics in niche cultural contexts, with Harvard Review emphasizing the "wholly believable and ultimately loveable vision of creative friendship" unbound by conventional plot devices.[49] Critics have nonetheless identified stylistic shortcomings, including uneven pacing and insufficient character depth. Some argue the narrative plods through mundane events, rendering the protagonists' lives "shockingly thin" and their actions unremarkable despite the author's evident ambitions for thematic weight.[50] The supporting character Marx, in particular, draws rebuke for being depicted as implausibly flawless—a "saint" lacking realistic vulnerabilities—which undermines the realism of interpersonal tensions central to the story.[51] Additionally, Zevin's occasional forays into technical details of game design have been faulted for disrupting narrative flow and alienating non-specialist readers, prioritizing exposition over propulsion.[52] Thematic integrations of social issues, such as racism in the arts and cultural appropriation, elicit mixed evaluations, with some viewing them as superficially incorporated rather than causally embedded in character arcs. The Harvard Crimson noted the novel's engagement with these topics but implied a lack of room for nuanced artist perspectives amid broader dialogues.[53] Reader analyses often highlight how character flaws dominate without commensurate growth, potentially forcing contemporary concerns at the expense of organic development, contrasting the book's 2022 Goodreads Choice Award win for Fiction with vocal complaints of thematic overreach.[54][55] Across her oeuvre, including earlier works like The Storied Life of A.J. Fikry (2014), Zevin's emphasis on quirky ensembles garners appreciation for wit but invites critique for sidelining rigorous psychological evolution in favor of sentimental resolution.[56]Commercial performance
Zevin's early novels, such as Elsewhere (2005), achieved modest commercial success in the young adult market, with international distribution in over 20 countries but limited overall sales figures publicly reported.[57] Subsequent works like The Storied Life of A.J. Fikry (2014) expanded her reach, selling steadily through bookstore endorsements and word-of-mouth recommendations, leading to translations in 38 languages and millions of copies worldwide across her catalog.[37] [58] However, by 2017, her ninth novel experienced sluggish sales, reflecting a niche positioning before her pivot to broader adult fiction themes.[23] The 2022 release of Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow marked Zevin's commercial breakthrough, debuting on the New York Times hardcover fiction bestseller list and maintaining a position for over 44 weeks by mid-2023, driven primarily by organic reader enthusiasm for its video game narrative amid post-pandemic cultural interest in digital escapism rather than aggressive marketing campaigns.[59] [23] The novel surpassed one million copies sold in the United States alone within its first year, with sustained performance attributed to peer-to-peer sharing and online community discussions over traditional publicity.[23] This shifted her trajectory from young adult specialization to mainstream adult appeal, boosting backlist sales through heightened author visibility.[23] Internationally, Zevin's oeuvre has been translated into 40 languages, contributing to global sales in the millions, with Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow achieving bestseller status in markets like the United Kingdom via similar word-of-mouth dynamics.[60] [58] Factors such as timely alignment with gaming culture's expansion and reader-driven endorsements, rather than award-driven hype, underpinned this performance, as evidenced by steady list endurance without peak promotional spikes.[59]Awards and recognitions
Zevin's novel Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow (2022) won the Goodreads Choice Award for Fiction, selected by over 5 million public votes in a reader-driven competition emphasizing popular appeal over critical consensus.[28] The same work received the Alex Award from the American Library Association in 2023, recognizing ten adult books annually for their appeal to young adult readers based on criteria including engaging narratives and accessibility.[61] In 2024, it was included at number 76 on The New York Times' curated list of the 100 Best Books of the 21st Century, compiled from surveys of over 500 literary figures prioritizing enduring literary merit.[62] Her earlier novel The Storied Life of A.J. Fikry (2013) earned the Southern California Independent Booksellers Award for Fiction, awarded by regional booksellers for outstanding contributions to the local literary scene.[63] It also received the Japan Booksellers' Prize in 2015, honoring international works with significant sales and cultural impact in Japan.[14] Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow was nominated for the Wingate Prize in 2023, a UK-based award for literature addressing Jewish themes or by Jewish authors, though it did not win.[28] The novel was a finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Prize in the Current Interest category, competing against non-fiction heavyweights in a field blending genres.[28] In screenwriting, Zevin received an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best First Screenplay for Conversations with Other Women (2007), recognizing emerging independent film talents selected by industry peers.[14] Her short film Alma Mater (2002) won the Audience Award for Best Competition Feature at the Austin Film Festival.[64]| Award | Year | Work | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Goodreads Choice Award for Fiction | 2022 | Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow | Reader-voted; over 5 million participants.[28] |
| Alex Award | 2023 | Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow | ALA honor for adult books appealing to teens.[61] |
| Southern California Independent Booksellers Award for Fiction | 2013 | The Storied Life of A.J. Fikry | Regional bookseller recognition.[63] |
| Japan Booksellers' Prize | 2015 | The Storied Life of A.J. Fikry | For international sales impact.[14] |
| Independent Spirit Award Nomination (Best First Screenplay) | 2007 | Conversations with Other Women | Industry peer selection.[14] |
Controversies
Literary and cultural criticisms
Critics of Gabrielle Zevin's Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow (2022) have highlighted underdeveloped character arcs, noting that protagonists Sam and Sadie remain "childish, selfish, self-involved, self-destructive" without substantial growth, despite the novel's framing as a coming-of-age story. [65] Secondary figures like Marx are portrayed as unrealistically flawless—lacking discernible faults and functioning as idealized saints—which undermines narrative credibility and causal depth in relationships. [51] Reviewers have argued this results in unlikable or generic leads whose flaws dominate without balanced progression, rendering them indistinguishable from broad archetypes of 1980s-born pop culture consumers. [66] [67] Thematically, the novel has faced backlash for forced and stereotypical diversity elements, such as Sadie's "manic dream pixie girl" persona combined with a contrived "Jewish Korean only child" identity for Sam, presented without authentic causal grounding or exploration of real-world tensions. [65] Sadie's experiences as a woman in tech are deemed "utterly unrepresentative," glossing over persistent industry sexism and racism with superficial mentions that "whoosh by, leaving no mark" on characters or plot. [65] [67] This approach prioritizes emotional narratives and pop culture references—over 100 instances, often derivative of works like Ready Player One—over rigorous plotting, leading to a structure of "unearned and unwarranted" incidents driven by authorial contrivance rather than organic causality. [65] [67] Further critiques target factual liberties in the gaming industry's portrayal, including misunderstandings of MMORPG mechanics and an idealized depiction that evades gritty realities like entrenched discrimination, simplifying character motivations and collaborative dynamics. [67] [68] While some defenders praise the book as an honest evocation of trauma's lingering effects and the nuances of creative partnerships, these literary flaws suggest a preference for manipulative sentiment over empirical fidelity to human behavior and professional environments. [54]Political targeting and antisemitism
In July 2024, the Chicago bookstore City Lit Books withdrew Gabrielle Zevin's novel Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow from consideration for its Pretty in Paperback book club after members expressed discomfort with the author's perceived Zionist views, with one participant stating they would not feel "safe" discussing the book.[69] The store's manager confirmed the removal in an email to the club, citing the need to prioritize participant comfort amid broader sensitivities related to Zevin's background and public stances.[70] This incident drew criticism for conflating literary discussion with political litmus tests, unrelated to the novel's content about video game design and friendship.[71] Zevin, a Korean-Jewish author, has faced scapegoating in literary circles for including sympathetic references to Israel in her works, such as positive depictions of Israeli characters or settings, prompting calls for boycotts from anti-Israel activists on platforms like X (formerly Twitter).[71] Pro-Palestinian accounts have explicitly listed her among "known Zionist authors" to avoid, irrespective of her novels' primary themes of relationships, technology, and history, highlighting a pattern of targeting based on ethnic heritage and tangential textual elements rather than artistic merit.[71][72] These events reflect a broader antisemitic undercurrent in the literary world post-October 7, 2023, where Jewish creators like Zevin are sidelined for failing to denounce Israel, even when their output lacks overt political advocacy.[73] Reports document similar blacklisting and review-bombing of her titles on platforms like Goodreads, driven by ideological opposition to her dual heritage and perceived affiliations, underscoring a mindset that prioritizes ideological conformity over engagement with literature.[72][74]Personal life
Cultural heritage
Gabrielle Zevin was born to a Korean-born mother who immigrated to the United States and an American-born father of Ashkenazi Jewish descent with ancestry tracing to Eastern Europe, including Russian, Polish, and Lithuanian roots. This mixed heritage positioned her as biracial from birth, contributing to a childhood marked by cultural navigation between Korean immigrant influences and Jewish familial traditions. Her mother's Catholic background in Korea contrasted with her father's Jewish lineage, creating a household blending disparate cultural elements without formal religious observance.[75][7][76] Zevin has identified strongly with her Jewish side, particularly in communities where Jewish identity predominated, such as towns with high Jewish populations during her upbringing in Florida. She has described herself as culturally Jewish, reflecting a personal affinity shaped by her father's heritage rather than strict practice. This self-identification underscores a grounded sense of belonging derived from empirical family experiences over abstracted affiliations.[7][23] Her family's immigrant and diasporic backgrounds fostered an environment centered on books and storytelling, with parents who emphasized reading as a core value and believed no child should lack access to literature. This book-centric upbringing, informed by the realism of displacement in both maternal and paternal histories, cultivated Zevin's early perspective on narratives as vehicles for authentic human connection and identity exploration.[9][2]Lifestyle and residences
Gabrielle Zevin has resided in multiple cities, including Cambridge, Massachusetts; New York; Austin, Texas; Tokyo, Japan; and Los Angeles, reflecting a pattern of frequent relocations tied to education, family, and professional opportunities. After graduating from Harvard University in Cambridge in 2000, she moved to New York City, living in Manhattan apartments for more than a decade.[2] In 2012, Zevin relocated to Los Angeles, where she has been based since.[2] Her time in Austin coincided with her parents' residence there, while her stay in Tokyo involved adapting one of her books into a film. Zevin currently lives in Los Angeles with her partner of over two decades, filmmaker Hans Canosa, whom she met during her first weeks at Harvard, and their dogs.[23][77] She describes her personal life as low-profile, with daily routines adapted to support writing, having shifted from late-night sessions to morning work for greater focus.[8] Her interests in reading and travel often intersect with creative projects, such as drawing from lived experiences in diverse locations for narrative settings, though she avoids extensive public disclosure of private habits.Bibliography
Novels
Margarettown (2005, Hyperion) follows a journalist who marries a woman from the enigmatic town of Margarettown, where the town's character shifts to reflect stages of their relationship, blending memoir, fable, and romance. Elsewhere (2005, Farrar, Straus and Giroux), a young adult novel, depicts 15-year-old Liz Hall, who after dying in a bicycle accident, arrives in an afterlife realm and must come to terms with aging backward toward birth while observing the living.[78] Memoirs of a Teenage Amnesiac (2007, Farrar, Straus and Giroux), another young adult title, centers on high school student Naomi Porter, who suffers amnesia from a stair fall, losing four years of memories and subsequently reconstructing her identity, relationships, and decisions.[79]The Hole We're In (2010, Black Cat/Grove Press) examines the Pomroy family—a father, mother, and three children—trapped in cycles of debt, poor choices, and dysfunction amid economic hardship in small-town America.[80] The Storied Life of A.J. Fikry (2014, Algonquin Books) tracks independent bookseller A.J. Fikry, a grieving widower whose misanthropic outlook transforms after his rare book is stolen and he discovers an abandoned toddler on his bookstore doorstep.[81] Young Jane Young (2017, Algonquin Books) traces Jane Kindel's reinvention after her affair with a married congressman becomes public, shifting perspectives among her mother, daughter, the politician's wife, and Jane herself as she builds a new life.[82] Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow (2022, Knopf) spans three decades in the lives of childhood friends Sam Masur and Sadie Green, who reunite as adults to co-create innovative video games while navigating personal and professional tensions.[83]