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Gaz

'''Gaz''' most commonly refers to a traditional Iranian nougat confection originating from , known for its soft, chewy texture made with nuts, egg whites, sugar or , rosewater, and traditionally incorporating ''gaz-angobin'', a sweet exudate from the ''Cyamophila astragalicola'' on the ''Astragalus adscendens'' (containing about 40% ). Its traces to the Safavid era (1501–1736), evolving from earlier sweets, and it holds protected status as "Gaz of Isfahan of ", registered on 19 June 2018 under the Lisbon Agreement. It may also refer to: For further disambiguation, see subsections below.

Geography

Settlements in

In , several villages and rural districts bear the name Gaz or close variants, typically small settlements tied to local and rural life across central and southeastern provinces. Gaz is a town in the Central District of Shahinshahr County, Isfahan Province, located 18 km north of Isfahan city at an altitude of 1,578 m. This settlement has historical ties to the region's agricultural heritage, with the earliest known mention by the 13th-century geographer Yāqūt Ḥamawī as a village of Isfahan. By the 14th century, Ḥamd-Allāh Mostawfī described it as the largest village in the Barkhwar district, noting the presence of a fire temple. It served as a site for significant historical events, including a 1729-30 meeting between Shah Ṭahmāsb II and East India Company representatives, an Afghan attack in 1732-33, and a visit by Fatḥ-ʿAlī Shah in 1829-30. The local economy centers on crops such as wheat, barley, vegetables, cotton, fruits, and pistachios, supported by underground irrigation systems (qanāts) built in the 1840s. Handicrafts include carpets and muslin, and historical structures feature a Saljuq-era mosque and tower alongside a Safavid caravansary. In Markazi Province, Gaztaf-e Olya is a small rural settlement in Hendudur Rural District, Sarband District, Shazand County, at coordinates 33.667° N, 49.217° E, known for local farming communities on the central plateau. Nearby, Gaztaf-e Sofla serves a similar role in the same administrative area, contributing to the province's agricultural output. Gaz Rural District equivalents appear in the form of villages within Dalgan County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, an administrative division emphasizing arid land agriculture in a semi-desert environment. Gaz Gar is a village in Dalgan Rural District, Central District of Dalgan County, supporting dryland farming practices adapted to the region's harsh climate. Similarly, Gaz Shahan lies in the same rural district, focusing on resilient crops suited to low-water conditions. Additional lesser-known settlements include Sabz Gaz-e Olya and Sabz Gaz-e Sofla in Poshtkuh Rural District, Central District of Khash County, , small villages with coordinates around 27.2° N, 61.2° E, integrated into southeastern Iran's pastoral and farming networks. These sites reflect the diverse administrative and ecological contexts of Gaz-named places, from fertile central plains to arid southeast frontiers.

Natural features in Iran

In Isfahan Province, the Gaz region encompasses a flat plain around the area of Gaz-e Borkhar, part of the central at an average of approximately 1,600 meters, characterized by semi-arid conditions that support agriculture through irrigation channels linked to ancient Persian systems. This plain is hydrologically dependent on the Zāyandarud River, a major seasonal waterway originating in the , extending about 405 km, and providing essential water for the oasis-like environment, which sustains unique flora adapted to low levels of around 150 mm annually. The ecological significance lies in its role as a transition zone between mountainous uplands and arid lowlands, fostering in groundwater-fed pockets despite the scarcity of permanent . Associated with this landscape are seasonal streams and springs in the southwestern mountains near Khvansar, where the perennial shrub Astragalus adscendens (gaz-angobīn) thrives in rocky, semi-arid terrains, hosting that produce a sweet vital for local ecosystems and traditional resource use; these water sources, though intermittent, contribute to and support sparse in an area with elevations exceeding 2,000 meters. The wetlands and features here enhance hydrological connectivity, aiding recharge in the broader basin and promoting resilience against drought in the region's fragile environment. In (historically part of ), the Darragaz Valley stands as a prominent , a fertile within the Kopet Dagh in the northern part, measuring roughly 50-55 km east-west and 30-35 km north-south at about 450 meters above . This valley, often called the "Valley of the Tamarisks," features undulating terrain with alluvial soils and scattered springs that feed seasonal streams, enabling a relatively lush vegetation cover amid the surrounding arid highlands and supporting diverse semi-arid flora and fauna, including tamarisk groves adapted to moderate elevations and variable rainfall. Its ecological and hydrological importance stems from acting as a natural corridor for water flow toward the Caspian lowlands, historically facilitating and sustainable land use in northeastern . Further north, the Gaz River (Rud-e Gaz) in , part of the historical region, originates in the Alborz foothills and extends over 100 km as a seasonal waterway draining into Gorgan Bay and the Miankaleh complex. This river plays a critical role in the local , delivering and nutrients to coastal marshes that cover thousands of hectares, fostering habitats for migratory waterbirds and salt-tolerant in a semi-arid coastal zone with elevations near . The associated Gaz wetlands, spanning more than 50 hectares nearby in , serve as vital areas, bolstering through seasonal flooding that sustains endemic species and mitigates in the Caspian-adjacent ecosystem.

People

Given name

Gaz Beadle, born Gary Beadle on 22 March 1988 in , , , rose to prominence as a cast member of the MTV reality television series , which he joined in its inaugural season in 2011 and appeared in until 2017. During his time on the show, Beadle became known for his charismatic personality and romantic storylines, contributing to the series' popularity in the UK. Following his departure from , he ventured into acting with roles in shows like Ex on the Beach and Celebrity SAS: Who Dares Wins, while also establishing himself as an entrepreneur through apparel and influencing, emphasizing health and wellness post-2017. As of 2025, Beadle continues as a influencer and father of three. Beadle has authored an autobiography, Gaz (And My Parsnip): The Autobiography of Geordie Shore's Ultimate Lad, published in 2014, detailing his early life and rise to fame. Gareth "Gaz" Coombes, born on 8 March 1976 in , , is an English musician, singer-songwriter, and record producer best recognized as the lead vocalist, primary songwriter, and guitarist for the band . Coombes co-founded in 1993 with drummer and bassist , achieving breakout success with their 1995 debut album , which included the hit single "Alright" and earned them Brit Award nominations. The band released six studio albums until disbanding in 2010, known for their energetic sound and contributions to the 1990s music scene. Transitioning to a solo career in 2012, Coombes has issued albums such as (2015), nominated for the , (2018), and (2023), exploring themes of personal introspection and experimental rock. His father was a food scientist, and Coombes has cited early influences from 's music community in shaping his artistic path.

Stage name

Gaz Coombes, born Gareth Michael Coombes on March 8, 1976, in , , adopted "Gaz" as his professional early in his music career. As the , , and primary songwriter for the band , formed in 1993, Coombes gained prominence with the band's debut album I Should Coco (1995), which included the hit single "Alright" and achieved multi-platinum status in the . Following Supergrass's hiatus in 2010, Coombes pursued a solo career, releasing albums such as Matador (2015), World's Strongest Man (2018), and Turn the Car Around (2023). His use of "Gaz" reflects a casual, youthful persona that aligned with Supergrass's energetic style, contributing to the band's role in the 1990s music revival. In the realm of DJing and radio, DJ G-A-Z (Gaz) is a Manchester-based performer who has built a career promoting and under his since the . Hosting "The DJ G-A-Z Rap Show" on Unity Radio, he focuses on emerging artists in grime, , and related genres, with notable interviews including Manchester rapper Aitch in 2018 to discuss his rising success. Active in the local scene, G-A-Z's biweekly broadcasts every other Saturday from 9-11 PM on Unity Radio (as of 2025) have helped spotlight underground talents, blending DJ sets with discussions on the evolution of UK urban music. His professional moniker emphasizes accessibility in the competitive Manchester music community. Gaz Beadle, born Gary Beadle on March 22, 1988, in , , , adopted "Gaz" as his stage name upon joining the MTV reality series in 2011. As an original cast member, Beadle's portrayal of a charismatic, party-loving figure propelled him to fame across 12 seasons, leading to acting roles in shows like Ex on the Beach (2015) and (2016). His autobiography, Gaz (And My Parsnip): The Autobiography of Geordie Shore's Ultimate Lad (2014), details his transition from to television stardom, highlighting how the nickname "Gaz" became synonymous with his on-screen persona in British entertainment.

Surname

The surname Gaz originates from Persian linguistic roots, where "gaz" refers to the tamarisk tree (Tamarix species) and its sap, serving as a toponymic element in place names across Iran. This etymology traces back to Proto-Iranian gaz-, meaning "to bite," reflecting the plant's historical use in traditional confections and its botanical significance in arid regions. Over time, the term evolved into a hereditary surname among Persian communities, likely denoting ancestral ties to areas featuring tamarisk groves or settlements named Gaz, such as those in the Isfahan province. Gaz families are predominantly linked to heritage, with notable concentrations in , where the surname appears in historical and demographic records associated with the central regions like . The name's relative rarity outside underscores its regional specificity; globally, it is borne by approximately 4,726 individuals, with 76% in —48% in Judeo-West Asian contexts, 14% in (around 670 bearers), and 12% in . Some scholarly sources suggest additional Eastern European Jewish roots for variants, possibly from migratory patterns, but the core derivation remains dominant in Iranian lineages. Among modern figures bearing the surname or its compounds, Mohammad Abdallah Al Gaz (c. 1930–2016) stands out as a key Middle Eastern professional from a Persian-influenced background. An Emirati financier, developer, diplomat, and philanthropist from the Al Bu Falasah tribe, he contributed to the ' foundational economy, including roles in central banking and infrastructure development during the nation's early independence era. His work exemplified the entrepreneurial impact of Gaz-associated families in the Gulf region, blending commercial traditions with modern state-building. While no prominent Iranian athletes or public figures with the exact surname are widely documented, the name's persistence in professional contexts highlights its ties to heritage-driven pursuits in and .

Arts, entertainment, and media

Fictional characters

Gaz Membrane, full name Gazlene Membrane, is a in the animated series , created by for . She serves as the younger sister of the paranormal investigator Dib Membrane and daughter of the renowned scientist Professor Membrane, portrayed as a brooding, teenager with a fierce obsession for handheld video games like Game Slave 2 and pizza. Gaz exhibits supernatural elements, such as an ability to sense disturbances and a sadistic streak, often ignoring her brother's crusades against the alien invader Zim while prioritizing her solitary pursuits. Voiced by , the character debuted in the series premiere "The Nightmare Begins" on March 30, 2001, with the show running for two seasons until December 10, 2006, and returning via the film * in 2019, where Gaz plays a key role in thwarting Zim's plans. Sergeant Kyle "Gaz" Garrick is a prominent character in the rebooted : first-person shooter series, developed by and published by . As a () , Gaz acts as a loyal ally and playable protagonist alongside Captain John Price and Sergeant John "Soap" MacTavish, participating in global counter-terrorism operations against groups like Al-Qatala and the Ultranationalists. Introduced in : (2019), he features in subsequent titles including II (2022) and III (2023), showcasing tactical expertise in urban combat and intelligence gathering. Voiced and motion-captured by , Gaz's character draws from the original "Gaz" callsign in (2007), reimagined as a more nuanced, resilient soldier with a dry wit, contributing to the series' narrative on . His inclusion has amplified the franchise's appeal in multiplayer modes, where he appears as an operator skin. Gaz is a in Brandon Sanderson's epic fantasy series , first appearing in the novel (2010), published by . As a one-eyed, debt-ridden in the Alethi warlord Brightlord Sadeas's army on the storm-swept world of Roshar, Gaz oversees the brutal bridge crews used as disposable in assaults on the Parshendi. Initially depicted as corrupt and abusive—skimming pay from slaves like Kaladin Stormblessed—Gaz later reveals layers of regret and desperation, eventually defecting to join the scholar Shallan Davar as a in (2014), where he aids her espionage efforts and begins a toward as a Lightweaver . His arc explores themes of institutional cruelty and personal agency in a high-fantasy setting marked by magical storms and ancient oaths, with Gaz's evolution highlighting Sanderson's focus on flawed, evolving side characters in a saga that has sold over 10 million copies worldwide.

Other media references

In the realm of Iranian cinema, the 1986 documentary film Gas, Fire, Wind (known in Persian as Gaz, Atash, Baad), produced by the Iranian Ministry of Oil, explores the nation's , highlighting extraction processes, environmental impacts, and technological advancements in production. Directed as an educational piece, it underscores Iran's role in global energy markets during the post-revolutionary era. A notable music reference is the 1978 disco album Gaz by the disco project Gaz, released on , featuring tracks such as "Sing Sing" and "Indian Gaz," which blend funk rhythms with electronic elements and achieved cult status in underground dance scenes. More recently, rapper released the 2017 album On Gaz, incorporating and R&B influences with themes of introspection and urban life across its tracks like "Shadows" and "To the Light."

Businesses and brands

Automotive

The Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ), a prominent Russian automaker, was established in 1932 in , which was renamed Gorky that same year to honor writer , following the Soviet Union's agreement with for technical assistance in building the facility. Originally known as the Nizhny Novgorod Automobile Plant (NAZ), it began vehicle assembly in 1930 using imported Ford kits and quickly became a cornerstone of Soviet automotive production, manufacturing trucks, cars, and later commercial vehicles under license and indigenous designs. By 2017, GAZ had produced over 19 million vehicles, establishing itself as one of Russia's leading manufacturers of light commercial and medium-duty trucks. A seminal model in GAZ's history is the , a mid-size introduced in 1957 and produced until 1970, with a total of 638,875 units built, representing a significant advancement in Soviet passenger car design through its improved engine, suspension, and body styling. The served as an executive and vehicle, symbolizing industrial progress and exported to various countries, though production emphasized durability for harsh conditions over luxury. The series, launched in 1994 as a 1.5-ton , marked GAZ's pivot toward modern market needs amid the Soviet collapse, offering versatile vans, pickups, and minibuses with rear-wheel or all-wheel drive options for and . Its modular enabled widespread adoption in and beyond, with annual production exceeding tens of thousands of units and adaptations for urban delivery and rural use. Following the in 1991, underwent privatization in 1994, transforming into a (JSC GAZ), and in 2000, Russian businessman acquired a controlling stake, integrating it into the conglomerate focused on commercial vehicles. Under , the company expanded internationally, exporting to over 30 countries as of 2020, including markets in , , the , , and some European countries, with key destinations like (since 1996), (2012), the and (2018), and (2020), though exports have been limited by since 2022. Since March 2022, has been subject to Western sanctions related to the , impacting its supply chain and international operations. In recent years, has emphasized electrification within the lineup, with the GAZelle NEXT platform introducing electric variants such as the e-City , whose production began in early 2024 following prototypes and testing in 2022–2023, featuring a battery-electric for 16 passengers and urban routes with a focus on zero-emission compliance. This aligns with Group's strategy to modernize its commercial fleet amid global trends, building on earlier hydrogen-electric prototypes presented in 2021.

Confectionery

Gaz, a traditional Iranian , is a chewy confection primarily produced in and its surrounding regions, where it has been crafted for centuries using local ingredients like gaz-angobin, a natural sweet produced by on Astragalus shrubs. This , harvested from areas such as Khunsar in Esfahan Province, forms the base, combined with egg whites for aeration, rosewater for floral aroma, and nuts such as pistachios or almonds for texture and nutrition. The result is a soft, sticky sweet that contrasts with denser European nougats, emphasizing natural flavors over heavy chocolate coatings. The origins of Gaz trace back approximately 450 years in , evolving from ancient uses of gaz-angobin exudate mixed with flour, bread, and nuts to create a restorative treat, particularly valued for its purported medicinal properties in traditional medicine. Commercial began in the early , with family-run workshops scaling up during the Pahlavi era (1925–1979), when nearly 20 brands emerged to meet domestic demand and initiate exports to European markets. Pioneering firms like Kermani Gaz, established in 1902, focused on high-quality formulations using authentic Gaz-Angabin, building a reputation for premium sweets. By the mid-, operations expanded with dedicated factories, such as Ashrafi Gaz founded in 1963, which incorporated laboratory oversight to ensure consistency in nut content and flavor profiles. Today, major producers continue this legacy while adapting to global tastes, with companies like Nikoomanesh and Bu Ali Sina emphasizing traditional recipes alongside modern packaging for international distribution. These brands export —often rebranded as Persian nougat—to markets worldwide, including and , where it appeals to consumers seeking artisanal, nut-forward confections. Nutritionally, is energy-dense at approximately 400 kcal per 100 grams, deriving much of its 5–8 grams of protein from pistachios and almonds, making it a protein-rich option among sweets despite its high sugar content from glucose and syrup. Variants with higher nut ratios, such as 28% pistachio , highlight its versatility, though traditional versions remain dominant in Isfahan's confectionery scene.

Other uses

Measurement units

The (also spelled or gez), a traditional with origins, was introduced to during the era in the and became a standard measure in textiles for fabric lengths and in architecture for building dimensions. It was roughly equivalent to the English yard at 0.9144 meters. This standardization occurred under Emperor , who established the gaz-i as part of his administrative reforms to unify measurements across the empire. Regional variations existed due to local adaptations and pre-standardization practices. In Mughal , the gaz ranged from approximately 0.81 to 0.91 meters, with the gaz often cited at 32 to 32.25 inches (0.8128 to 0.819 meters) in architectural contexts, reflecting ties to earlier Timurid modules. By the , it was uniformly equated to 0.9144 meters in British-influenced regions like and , where it persisted in land and cloth measurements despite metric transitions. In , the gez formed part of ancient and medieval measurement systems, valued between approximately 0.60 and 0.91 meters depending on the era and context, such as 0.9144 meters in older scales. It was used in crafts, construction, and trade until the official adoption of the in 1925, after which traditional units like the gez lingered informally in artisanal practices such as and .

Abbreviations

In bibliographic and publishing contexts, "Gaz." serves as the standard abbreviation for "," referring to an official newspaper or journal that publishes public notices, appointments, and legal announcements, or for "," a geographical or index of place names. This usage dates back to at least the and is commonly employed in academic citations and library catalogs; for example, , established in 1665, is frequently abbreviated as Gaz. in historical references. In technical and industrial nomenclature, particularly from Soviet-era , "GAZ" stands for Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod (Gorky Automobile Plant), the manufacturer founded in 1932 in Gorky (now ) as a with , which produced vehicles including military models until the plant's renaming in 1991.

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