Heidi Game
The Heidi Game, also known as the Heidi Bowl, was an American Football League (AFL) regular-season matchup on November 17, 1968, between the New York Jets and the Oakland Raiders at the Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum in Oakland, California.[1][2] The game is infamous for a controversial broadcasting decision by NBC, which preemptively cut away from the live telecast with 65 seconds remaining to air the children's film Heidi, thereby missing a dramatic comeback by the Raiders that ended with a 43–32 victory over the Jets.[2][3] At the time, both teams entered with 7–2 records, making the contest a pivotal divisional showdown, highlighted by a high-scoring affair featuring 75 combined points and key performances from Jets quarterback Joe Namath and Raiders quarterback Daryle Lamonica.[1][4] The broadcast mishap sparked widespread viewer outrage, flooded NBC switchboards with complaints, and prompted the NFL to amend its television contracts to ensure all games are aired to completion in their local markets, fundamentally altering sports broadcasting practices.[2][3]Background
AFL Context in 1968
The American Football League (AFL) was established on August 14, 1959, and commenced play in 1960 as a challenger to the established National Football League (NFL), aiming to introduce innovative rules, higher-scoring offenses, and broader television exposure to attract fans and players. By 1968, the league had expanded to 10 teams, evenly divided into Eastern and Western Divisions: the East included the Buffalo Bills, Miami Dolphins, New York Jets, Boston Patriots, and Houston Oilers, while the West comprised the Cincinnati Bengals, Denver Broncos, Kansas City Chiefs, Oakland Raiders, and San Diego Chargers.[5][6] The 1968 AFL season featured a 14-game schedule for each team, with the top finisher in each division advancing to a single AFL Championship Game to determine the league's representative in Super Bowl III against the NFL champion. This format underscored the high stakes of divisional matchups, as a strong finish was essential for playoff qualification in the pre-merger era. The Jets-Raiders rivalry exemplified the intense competition within and across divisions, heightening the game's significance.[7][8] Entering their November 17 matchup, the New York Jets held a 7-2 record, leading the Eastern Division by two games over the Houston Oilers. A victory would solidify their position and keep them on track for the division title. Meanwhile, the Oakland Raiders entered at 7-2, tied for first in the Western Division with the Kansas City Chiefs; a win would give them a share of the lead and momentum toward clinching the West. These stakes amplified the game's importance in the race for the AFL Championship and a Super Bowl berth.[9][10] The broader context of the AFL-NFL merger, announced on June 8, 1966, and approved by Congress later that year, intensified competition between the leagues while boosting television interest and revenue through the creation of the Super Bowl and shared broadcasting rights. This agreement ensured separate schedules through 1969 but fostered a unified championship, elevating the profile of AFL games like the Jets-Raiders contest as pivotal tests of parity ahead of the full integration in 1970.[11][12]Jets–Raiders Rivalry
The Jets–Raiders rivalry originated with the founding of the American Football League in 1960, when the New York Titans (renamed the Jets in 1963) and the Oakland Raiders began competing as charter members of the league's Eastern and Western Divisions, respectively. Early matchups were closely contested, with the Jets winning their only game in 1961, both games in 1962, and the teams splitting their series in 1963 and 1964, often featuring high-scoring affairs that highlighted the AFL's emphasis on passing attacks. By the mid-1960s, the Raiders gained the upper hand, winning one game and tying the other in both 1965 and 1966, establishing Oakland as a dominant force in the West under new general manager Al Davis.[13][14] The rivalry intensified in 1967, as the Jets achieved a 27–14 upset victory over the Raiders on October 7 at Shea Stadium—the visitors' only loss in a 13–1 regular season that culminated in Oakland's AFL championship win. Seeking revenge, the Raiders defeated the Jets 38–29 on December 17 in Oakland, a game marred by controversy when Jets quarterback Joe Namath suffered a broken cheekbone from a late hit by Raiders defensive end Ike Lassiter, followed by a celebratory punch from teammate Ben Davidson that drew widespread criticism. These encounters fueled personal animosities, with Namath's brash personality and on-field guarantees clashing against the Raiders' reputation for physical, intimidating play.[13][15][16] Central to the tension were star quarterbacks Joe Namath of the Jets, known for his flamboyant style and trash-talking that embodied New York's swagger, and the Raiders' duo of Daryle Lamonica, the "Mad Bomber" with his deep-throwing prowess, and veteran George Blanda, providing steady leadership. On the sidelines, Jets coach Weeb Ewbank, a two-time NFL champion from his days with the Baltimore Colts in 1958, emphasized disciplined execution, while Raiders head coach John Rauch, who had succeeded Davis in 1966 and earned AFL Coach of the Year honors in 1967, instilled a aggressive, no-holds-barred philosophy. The 1967 split series heightened stakes for the 1968 rematch, with Namath's rising confidence after the home win contrasting the Raiders' motive for redemption amid tight AFL playoff races.[17][14] Off the field, media coverage amplified the feud, with New York's tabloids hyping Namath as a celebrity quarterback and Oakland's press portraying the Raiders as gritty West Coast rebels, drawing national attention to the cross-country clash between major markets. This buildup, combined with the AFL's divisional structure, made their games must-watch events, underscoring the league's competitive balance and star power. The rivalry's intensity was further elevated by broader playoff implications, turning each matchup into a potential postseason preview.[18][19]Broadcast Preparations
NBC had served as the primary broadcast partner for the American Football League (AFL) since signing a five-year, $36 million contract in January 1964, which took effect starting with the 1965 season.[20] This deal positioned NBC to air AFL games, including a slate of high-profile Sunday afternoon contests, directly competing with CBS's coverage of National Football League (NFL) matchups to capture a larger share of the growing television audience for professional football.[21] The network's strategy emphasized live national telecasts to build the AFL's visibility amid its rivalry with the established NFL. For the November 17, 1968, matchup between the New York Jets and Oakland Raiders, NBC's planning followed standard procedures for a West Coast game, with kickoff scheduled for 4:00 p.m. Eastern Standard Time (1:00 p.m. Pacific Standard Time) and an anticipated end around 7:00 p.m. EST to allow a seamless transition to prime-time programming.[1] The production team featured veteran play-by-play announcer Curt Gowdy alongside color commentator Al DeRogatis, who handled the national broadcast from Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum.[22] No provisions were made for overtime or significant overruns, as network schedules in 1968 were strictly enforced to accommodate advertisers and fixed programming blocks, with executives deeming the risk of extension low for a typical three-hour game.[2] The broadcast utilized coaxial cable for nationwide transmission, prioritizing the East Coast and Central Time Zone feeds to align with Eastern schedules, while Mountain and Pacific affiliates could extend coverage if needed.[23] NBC had slotted the made-for-TV movie Heidi, starring 11-year-old Jennifer Edwards as the titular orphan, for the 7:00–8:00 p.m. EST slot immediately following the game, promoting it heavily as family-friendly entertainment despite awareness of potential delays from close contests.[2] The anticipated high viewership, fueled by the intensifying Jets-Raiders rivalry, underscored the stakes for NBC's scheduling rigidity.[24]The Game
First Half Summary
The New York Jets opened the scoring in the first quarter with a 44-yard field goal by Jim Turner at the 7:42 mark, followed by an 18-yard field goal at 5:23, establishing a 6-0 lead.[25] The Oakland Raiders quickly responded with a 9-yard touchdown pass from quarterback Daryle Lamonica to wide receiver Warren Wells late in the quarter, with the extra point by George Blanda giving Oakland a narrow 7-6 advantage.[25] Momentum shifted further in the second quarter when Lamonica connected with Billy Cannon on a 48-yard touchdown pass at the 13:34 mark, again converted by Blanda, extending the Raiders' lead to 14-6.[25] The Jets closed the gap dramatically just before halftime, as Joe Namath capped a drive with a 1-yard touchdown run at the 0:05 mark, though the two-point conversion pass failed, leaving the Raiders ahead 14-12 at the break.[25] The half was characterized by sloppy yet tense play, exacerbated by the heated Jets-Raiders rivalry, which contributed to a total of 19 penalties—13 against the Jets for 145 yards and 6 against the Raiders for 93 yards.[26][27] Quarterbacks struggled with accuracy, evidenced by numerous incomplete passes that disrupted offensive rhythm, including 18 for the Jets and 13 for the Raiders over the full game.[26] The contest unfolded under clear conditions—60 degrees with no wind and zero percent humidity—before an attendance of 53,318 at Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum.[26][25]Second Half and Final Drive
The second half began with the Jets holding a narrow 12-14 deficit from halftime, setting the stage for a dramatic series of scoring exchanges that saw the lead change hands multiple times.[26] In the third quarter, New York struck first when fullback Bill Mathis powered in from 4 yards out, followed by kicker Jim Turner's extra point, giving the Jets a temporary 19-14 advantage at the 9:59 mark. The Raiders answered swiftly, as halfback Charlie Smith scored on a 3-yard run, and quarterback Daryle Lamonica connected with Hewritt Dixon for a successful two-point conversion, putting Oakland ahead 22-19 heading into the fourth quarter.[25][26] The fourth quarter opened with Jets quarterback Joe Namath launching a 50-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Don Maynard, with Turner adding the kick to reclaim the lead at 26-22. Turner later booted a 12-yard field goal to extend New York's margin to 29-22. Lamonica orchestrated a tying drive, hitting Fred Biletnikoff for a 22-yard touchdown reception, and George Blanda converted the extra point to knot the score at 29-29 with 3:10 remaining. The Jets responded with Turner's 26-yard field goal at the 1:05 mark, restoring their lead to 32-29.[26][25] Trailing by three points and starting from their own 23-yard line after the ensuing kickoff, the Raiders launched their decisive final drive with no time for error. On the first play, Lamonica completed a 20-yard pass to Smith, followed by a 15-yard facemask penalty on Jets safety Mike D'Amato that advanced the ball to New York's 43-yard line. Lamonica then delivered a 43-yard touchdown strike to Smith, who outran the defense down the sideline; Blanda kicked the extra point for a 36-32 lead with 42 seconds left.[3][26] Following the touchdown, the Raiders' squib kick was fielded by Jets returner Earl Christy at the New York 24, but he fumbled on the return. Raiders end Preston Ridlehuber recovered the loose ball at the 2-yard line and dove into the end zone for a touchdown, with Blanda converting to finalize the 43-32 victory with 33 seconds on the clock. The Jets, depleted of timeouts after their late field goal attempt and plagued by 31 incomplete passes overall that slowed their offensive rhythm, had no opportunity for a final response.[3][26]The Interruption
Decision to Switch to Heidi
Prior to the November 17, 1968, AFL game between the New York Jets and Oakland Raiders, NBC executives issued a strict pre-game directive to cut away precisely at 7:00 p.m. EST, regardless of the game's status, to ensure the timely broadcast of the made-for-TV movie Heidi. This order came from high-level network leadership, including NBC Sports president Carl Lindemann, who emphasized adherence to the schedule to avoid delaying the film and disappointing advertisers as well as the targeted child audience.[28][23] Several factors influenced this inflexible stance. No prior AFL game broadcast by NBC had extended beyond its allotted three-hour slot, leading executives to underestimate the possibility of an overrun in this matchup. Network policy at the time rigidly prioritized schedule compliance to maintain programming flow, particularly for family-oriented content like Heidi, an adaptation of Johanna Spyri's classic children's novel aimed at viewers in the 7:00–10:00 p.m. demographic. Additionally, those in the New York control room, including Lindemann, were unaware of the game's accelerating pace, marked by high scoring offset by incomplete passes and penalties that prolonged play without real-time updates reaching them.[23] The chain of command further entrenched the decision. Lindemann oversaw operations from the New York control room, where the cutoff was enforced by broadcast operations head Dick Cline, who followed the pre-set instructions without deviation. Play-by-play announcer Curt Gowdy and color commentator Al DeRogatis, stationed in the Oakland broadcast booth, received no prior notification of the hard cutoff and lacked a direct communication line to New York for real-time adjustments, exacerbating the disconnect. Efforts by executive producer Scotty Connal to seek overrides—such as calling Lindemann, who in turn contacted NBC president Julian Goodman—failed due to jammed phone lines, rendering any last-minute reprieve impossible.[28][23] This approach aligned with historical precedents in sports broadcasting, where overruns were rare and non-negotiable for prime-time slots reserved for advertiser-backed family programming. Sponsored heavily by Timex, Heidi represented a key opportunity to draw younger viewers on a Sunday evening, making its on-time start a top priority over potential extensions of live sports events.[23]Execution of the Cutaway
As the Oakland Raiders lined up for a first-and-10 play from their own 23-yard line with 65 seconds remaining on the game clock and trailing 32-29, NBC's broadcast feed from Oakland's Coliseum to the network's New York control room reached its scheduled cutoff point.[2] Announcer Curt Gowdy, who had earlier warned East Coast viewers of the impending switch due to the fixed programming schedule, signed off mid-broadcast without providing a final score update or further explanation.[24] In the New York control room, broadcast operations supervisor Dick Cline executed the pre-planned cutaway at precisely 7:00 p.m. EST (4:00 p.m. PST), as no counter-order had been received amid jammed phone lines from incoming viewer complaints.[3] East Coast audiences, numbering approximately 20 million, experienced an abrupt transition immediately following a commercial break after the New York Jets' kickoff return. The live football feed vanished, replaced without warning by the opening credits and title sequence of the made-for-TV movie Heidi, a Timex-sponsored adaptation of Johanna Spyri's novel starring Jennifer Edwards as the titular character and Maximilian Schell as her grandfather.[2] The film aired uninterrupted from 7:00 to 8:00 p.m. EST, with no on-screen graphics or voiceover to address the ongoing game or its status. In contrast, West Coast viewers continued receiving the unbroken live feed, allowing them to witness the full conclusion of the contest without the programming interruption dictated by their local schedule.[24] Technically, the era's live broadcast lacked any significant delay buffer or tape replay capability for sports events, relying on a direct satellite and microwave feed from the West Coast venue to Eastern control centers. This real-time transmission, combined with the three-hour time zone difference, meant the cutaway affected only the Eastern and Central time zones while the game proceeded seamlessly westward. The switch severed coverage just as the Raiders took possession at their own 23-yard line and began their final drive, depriving East Coast viewers of the ensuing 65 seconds that saw Oakland score twice for a 43-32 victory.[3]Immediate Reactions
Viewer and Public Response
The abrupt switch from the Jets-Raiders game to the film Heidi at 7:00 p.m. ET ignited instant fury among East Coast viewers, who missed the Raiders' dramatic final-minute rally of two touchdowns to secure a 43-32 victory. The missed action, including a kickoff return and a quick scoring drive, fueled widespread anger as fans learned of the outcome only after the movie concluded. Thousands of irate calls immediately overwhelmed NBC's New York switchboard, blowing 26 fuses and paralyzing the network's communication lines.[29] Undeterred viewers then flooded the telephone company, the New York Times, and the New York Police Department, clogging emergency lines for several hours and disrupting public services.[2] Gamblers expressed particular outrage, as the Raiders covered the 8-point spread with their 11-point win, leaving many Jets backers—who had wagered heavily on their team—stunned and out of pocket without seeing the game's decisive flip. Bookmakers reported chaotic scenes, with one Jets fan recalling their bookie "losing it" upon the unexpected result.[30][29] Families of Jets players endured the frustration firsthand, often discovering the loss through radio updates or post-game news rather than the live broadcast they expected. In contrast, Oakland fans, viewing the full game on local television, erupted in celebration oblivious to the national turmoil unfolding elsewhere. The following day's newspapers captured the buzz with headlines like "Jets-Raiders Take Backseat to Heidi," while New York Times TV critic Jack Gould condemned NBC's decision, suggesting the network deserved a "headless Emmy" for the debacle.[31][29]Network Apology and Internal Fallout
Following the broadcast interruption, NBC President Julian Goodman issued a formal apology the next day, describing the decision as "a forgivable error committed by human beings who were concerned about the children expecting to see Heidi at 7 p.m."[32] Goodman emphasized the network's intent to honor scheduled programming for families, stating, "I missed the end of the game as much as anyone else."[32] The apology was delivered publicly amid an overwhelming volume of viewer complaints that jammed NBC's switchboards and blew several fuses at the network's headquarters.[23] Internally, NBC conducted a review of the incident, focusing on communication breakdowns in the control room. Broadcast operations supervisor Dick Cline, who executed the switch to the film, followed explicit orders from superiors and faced no disciplinary action; he was even promoted shortly afterward.[33] NBC Sports executives, including President Carl Lindemann, were involved in the pre-game planning but could not override the cutoff in time due to jammed phone lines.[23] The network also pulled promotional materials for the "Heidi" film to mitigate further backlash. NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle publicly criticized NBC for the premature cutoff while acknowledging the high quality of the game itself.[24] In response, the NFL and AFL jointly demanded assurances from broadcasters to prevent future interruptions, leading to a contractual stipulation—often called the "Heidi Rule"—requiring all games to air to completion in their local markets before any programming switch. This policy addressed overruns and was inserted into TV contracts going forward.[2] The fallout extended to advertisers, with sponsor Timex expressing frustration over the pressure to adhere strictly to the film's start time despite the game's extension.[23] NBC later incorporated self-deprecating references to the incident in promotional spots, such as assurances of "no more Heidi surprises" during subsequent sports broadcasts, to rebuild viewer trust.[34]Long-Term Impact
Changes to Sports Broadcasting
The "Heidi Game" prompted swift and enduring reforms in sports broadcasting, most notably through the establishment of the "Heidi Rule," which mandated that NFL and AFL games be aired in their entirety, including overtime periods, irrespective of conflicts with prime-time programming. In the wake of the 1968 incident, AFL and NFL contracts were amended in 1969 to enforce full-game broadcasts in home markets, ensuring no further cutaways for scheduled entertainment like movies. This policy shift was a direct response to the public outcry, with NBC and league officials recognizing the need to prioritize live sports completion to maintain viewer trust.[35][36] Technical innovations followed to facilitate these changes, including the introduction of "Heidi phones"—dedicated hotlines connecting production teams and affiliates for real-time coordination during potential overruns. These secure communication lines, installed by NBC in network control rooms, allowed executives to monitor game progress and adjust schedules dynamically, preventing miscommunications that led to the original cutaway. Additionally, broadcasters began incorporating delay buffers, such as brief tape delays for subsequent programming, to accommodate extended play without interrupting the sports feed. These upgrades not only addressed immediate logistical flaws but also set standards for handling live event unpredictability.[37] The reforms extended beyond football, influencing broadcasting practices across major U.S. leagues like the NBA and MLB, where contracts increasingly emphasized complete game airings to avoid similar backlash. NBC faced short-term loss of trust among affiliates and fans, but the heightened scrutiny ultimately elevated sports television's reliability, contributing to broader industry protocols for overrun management. Post-1970 AFL-NFL merger, these changes coincided with significant viewership growth; league-wide TV contracts surged to approximately $35.5 million annually in 1970, and as of the 2024 season, regular-season games averaged around 17.5 million viewers, with no documented repeats of preemptive cutaways due to the embedded clauses ensuring full broadcasts.[38][39][36]Cultural Legacy and Modern References
The "Heidi Game" has cemented its place in American popular culture as the "Heidi Bowl," a nickname derived from the infamous interruption by the children's film adaptation of Johanna Spyrie's novel, symbolizing the clash between sports fandom and rigid television scheduling.[2] This moniker quickly entered the lexicon, evoking the outrage of viewers who missed the dramatic conclusion, and it remains a shorthand for broadcasting blunders in sports media discussions.[2] In media retrospectives, the event earned high acclaim for its shock value; TV Guide ranked it #6 on its 2005 list of the "100 Most Unexpected TV Moments," highlighting the abrupt switch from the high-stakes AFL contest to the family-friendly movie as a pivotal television mishap.[40] Similarly, a 1997 poll by media professionals, conducted alongside the NFL's 10,000th regular-season game, voted the Heidi Game the most memorable regular-season matchup in league history, underscoring its lasting resonance among football enthusiasts.[41] The game's cultural footprint extends to anniversary commemorations that reinforce its lessons on live event coverage. In 2023, actress Jennifer Edwards, who portrayed the titular character in the 1968 film, appeared in an opening essay for NBC's Sunday Night Football broadcast of a Jets-Raiders rematch, marking the 55th anniversary with a lighthearted reflection: "I’m Jennifer Edwards, and 55 years ago this week, a movie I was in as a little girl kind of, how do I say this, got in the way of football."[42] This nod emphasized the event's enduring narrative pull, blending nostalgia with modern broadcasting. Recent parallels have revived interest in the Heidi Bowl's pitfalls. In April 2024, CBS's premature cutoff of Billy Joel's 100th Madison Square Garden concert—abruptly ending during "Piano Man" due to scheduling overruns from the Masters golf tournament—drew direct comparisons to the 1968 incident, with fans flooding social media in fury and labeling it a "Heidi Game" redux that echoed the original's viewer frustration.[43] The 56th anniversary in November 2024 prompted fresh stories in sports outlets, recounting the Raiders' stunning comeback without new disruptions but reaffirming the event's role in shaping flexible programming norms.[44] Beyond anniversaries, the Heidi Game serves as a cautionary emblem in sports journalism for the risks of preempting live events, frequently cited in analyses of television's evolving priorities amid rising viewer expectations for uninterrupted coverage.[2] Its legacy underscores how a single scheduling error amplified football's cultural dominance, influencing depictions of media accountability in broader entertainment discourse.[2]Game Details
Final Statistics and Box Score
The Oakland Raiders defeated the New York Jets 43–32 in the November 17, 1968, American Football League game at the Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum.[26][25]Scoring Summary
The Jets scored three touchdowns—via a 1-yard run by Joe Namath, a 4-yard run by Bill Mathis, and a 50-yard pass from Namath to Don Maynard—along with four field goals by Jim Turner (44, 18, 12, and 26 yards).[26][25] The Raiders tallied six touchdowns, including passes from Daryle Lamonica to Warren Wells (9 yards), Billy Cannon (48 yards), Fred Biletnikoff (22 yards), and Charlie Smith (43 yards), a 3-yard run by Smith, and a 2-yard fumble return by Preston Ridlehuber; no field goals were attempted by the Raiders.[26][25]| Team Statistic | New York Jets | Oakland Raiders |
|---|---|---|
| First Downs | 18 | 21 |
| Total Yards | 413 | 437 |
| Rushing Yards (Att) | 68 (32) | 146 (31) |
| Net Passing Yards (Cmp/Att) | 345 (19/37) | 291 (21/34) |
| Penalties (No.-Yds) | 13-145 | 6-93 |
| Fumbles-Lost | 1-1 | 2-2 |
| Punts (No.-Yds) | 7-273 | 5-219 |
| Turnovers | 1 | 4 |