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Hopa

Hopa is a town and the seat of Hopa District in Artvin Province, Turkey, situated on the eastern Black Sea coast in the northeastern part of the country, approximately 67 km from Artvin city and near the Georgian border.^[1] The district spans about 117 km² and recorded a population of 28,231 in 2022, reflecting steady growth driven by its strategic position for trade and transit.^[2] As a key port town, Hopa facilitates maritime activities and serves as a vital hub for border commerce with Georgia, supporting an economy centered on agriculture, fishing, and logistics.^[3]^[4] Its location along major transport routes between Turkey and Georgia makes it a common stopover for cross-border travelers, underscoring its role in regional connectivity without notable historical upheavals beyond territorial shifts in the late 19th century under Russian influence post-Russo-Turkish War.^[5]^[6]

Geography

Location and Physical Features

Hopa is a district in Artvin Province, located on the eastern coast of the Black Sea in northeastern Turkey, approximately 67 km east of Artvin city.^[7] The town serves as the district seat and is positioned about 18 km west of the Sarp Border Gate, the main land crossing into Georgia at Sarpi.^[7] This proximity to the international border underscores its role in regional connectivity along the Black Sea littoral.^[8] The district's topography consists of narrow coastal plains along the Black Sea, transitioning abruptly into steep hills and valleys characteristic of the Pontic Mountains' eastern extension.^[9] These plains support limited flatland development, while surrounding elevations contribute to a rugged, scenic landscape with dense forests covering the slopes and pebbly beaches lining the shoreline.^[9] To the south, Hopa lies near the foothills of the Kaçkar Mountains, part of the alpine Pontic range that rises sharply from the coastal zone, influencing local drainage and microclimates.^[10] Rivers, including local streams draining from the highlands, shape the terrain by carving valleys that feed into the sea.^[9]

Climate and Environment

Hopa experiences a humid subtropical climate, marked by consistent high humidity and one of Turkey's highest annual precipitation totals, averaging approximately 2,243 mm.^[11] This heavy rainfall, concentrated in the autumn and winter months, supports lush vegetation but contributes to frequent flooding risks on the steep coastal terrain. Average temperatures range from winter lows of 3–5°C to summer highs of 25–26°C, with rare extremes below -1°C or above 29°C, reflecting the moderating influence of the Black Sea.^[12] Seasonal patterns feature mild, wet winters with overcast skies and persistent fog, often reducing visibility along the coast for days at a time due to warm sea currents meeting cooler land air. Summers are warmer and relatively drier, though still humid, with precipitation tapering to 100–150 mm monthly compared to winter peaks exceeding 250 mm. These conditions align with broader Black Sea littoral dynamics, where orographic lift from the Pontic Mountains amplifies rainfall.^[12] The environment faces challenges from soil erosion, exacerbated by heavy rains on slopes exceeding 30% grade in the surrounding topography, leading to sediment runoff into coastal waters. Biodiversity thrives in the humid conditions, with mixed deciduous forests and extensive tea plantations hosting species adapted to the Colchic temperate rainforest ecoregion, including endemic flora like certain rhododendron varieties. However, mining activities in Artvin Province, including license allocations covering 47% of agricultural land as of 2021, raise concerns over habitat disruption and water contamination from potential acid mine drainage in upstream areas.^[13]^[14]

History

Ancient and Medieval Periods

The region encompassing modern Hopa formed part of ancient Colchis, an Iron Age kingdom (circa 13th–6th centuries BCE) at the eastern Black Sea coast, renowned in Greek accounts for its advanced bronze and iron metallurgy, viticulture, and trade in resources like timber and honey.^[15] ^[16] Colchian settlements extended into the Chorokhi River valley adjacent to Hopa, supporting a dense population engaged in agriculture and coastal commerce, with archaeological traces of fortified hilltop sites and burial mounds indicating continuity from Bronze Age cultures.^[17] Black Sea trade routes facilitated Greek influences, including Milesian colonies nearby (e.g., at Phasis and Dioscurias), though direct Hellenic settlements in the Hopa area remain unconfirmed beyond imported pottery and amphorae fragments evidencing exchange networks by the 6th century BCE.^[16] Under Roman expansion from the 1st century BCE, the area integrated into the province of Pontus et Bithynia, later transitioning to Byzantine oversight as part of Lazica—a successor polity to Colchis inhabited by Laz-speakers, kin to Georgians—serving as a buffer against Persian threats.^[16] Lazica functioned as a Byzantine client kingdom from circa 300 CE, formalized by alliances like that of 522 CE, with Hopa functioning as an ancient port facilitating military logistics and grain shipments.^[18] The Lazic War (541–562 CE) exemplified this role, as Byzantine Emperor Justinian I reinforced Lazican defenses, including potential sites near Hopa, against Sassanid sieges, preserving Christian-Orthodox cultural ties amid archaeological yields of Byzantine coins, fortifications, and basilica foundations.^[19] Medieval Byzantine administration endured through the theme system and ecclesiastical networks, intersecting with Bagratid Georgian kingdoms (9th–11th centuries) via dynastic marriages and shared resistance to Arab raids post-7th century.^[20] Local defenses, such as the Hopa fort—likely erected by Laz or Georgian builders in the 10th–12th centuries using local stone and Byzantine architectural motifs—underscored strategic coastal control.^[21] Seljuk Turkish incursions from the 1070s onward, following victories like Manzikert (1071 CE), disrupted eastern Anatolia and sparked Oghuz migrations into the Caucasus, indirectly pressuring Laz-Georgian polities through raids and alliances shifts, though the Hopa littoral evaded direct Seljuk conquest, remaining under Byzantine-Trebizond influence until the 13th century.^[22]

Ottoman Era

Hopa came under Ottoman rule during the military campaigns of Sultan Selim I in the region between 1490 and 1512, following the earlier conquest of Trebizond in 1461 that secured much of the eastern Black Sea coast.^[4]^[23] The area, previously influenced by the Empire of Trebizond and local Georgian principalities, was integrated as a strategic frontier post, with local landowners reportedly banished and replaced by Turkish settlers to consolidate control.^[24] Administratively, Hopa fell within the Lazistan Sanjak, a district associated with Lazi-speaking populations and part of the broader Trabzon Eyalet structure, where it served as a kaza (sub-district) by the 1870s.^[25]^[26] This status emphasized its role in regional governance, including taxation systems that supported Ottoman fiscal administration through timar land grants and border oversight. Economically, Hopa functioned as a modest Black Sea port facilitating overland and maritime trade routes, particularly for goods transiting to and from Georgian territories, though specific records of silk caravans remain limited compared to inland Anatolian paths.^[27] In the 19th century, Tanzimat reforms centralized administration and introduced modern census efforts, such as the 1881/82–1893 imperial registers, which aimed to quantify populations for taxation and military conscription but yielded estimates due to evasion and incomplete coverage in frontier zones like Hopa.^[28] Demographic shifts included migrations of Hemshin communities—Armenian-origin groups who had Islamized earlier—into the Hopa area, with some resettlements traced to the late 17th century but accelerating amid Russo-Turkish conflicts, including the 1877–1878 war that ceded Batum and nearby territories to Russia, positioning Hopa as a new border outpost and drawing internal displacements.^[29]^[24] These movements, documented in Ottoman archival notes on resettlement, altered local ethnic compositions toward greater Muslim Laz and Turkish elements while maintaining Hemshin linguistic enclaves speaking Homshetsma.^[30]

Republican Period and Modern Developments

Following the proclamation of the Republic of Turkey on October 29, 1923, Hopa integrated into the new republican administration as part of the Black Sea region's territorial framework, transitioning from Ottoman provincial structures without immediate border alterations.^[31] Initially administered under Rize Province in the early republican years, Hopa was transferred to Artvin Province in 1936, establishing its status as a district with three sub-districts at the time, aligning with central efforts to reorganize eastern Anatolian provinces for administrative efficiency.^[27] ^[4] In the post-World War II period, state-led agricultural reforms emphasized modernization in the Eastern Black Sea, with tea (Camellia sinensis) cultivation receiving targeted incentives from the 1950s onward, including seed distribution, clonal development, and establishment of state-supported processing facilities.^[32] This initiative, building on experimental plantings from the 1920s-1940s, spurred a production boom in Hopa—where tea fields expanded from localized trials to dominate arable land—under the Directorate of Tea Monopoly, which procured and processed harvests to foster rural economic stability and export potential.^[33] ^[34] By the 1960s, tea output in the region, including Hopa, had scaled to industrial levels, with annual yields processed through government factories, reflecting deliberate policy to diversify from traditional crops like hazelnuts and corn. Infrastructure advancements marked later republican developments, notably the privatization of Hopa Port on June 17, 1997, which shifted operations from the state-owned Türkiye Denizcilik İşletmeleri to private entities, improving cargo handling capacity for bulk goods and containers amid rising regional commerce.^[35] ^[36] The port's role intensified post-1991 with Georgia's independence from the Soviet Union, as the adjacent Sarp Border Gate facilitated expanded bilateral trade—reaching significant volumes by the mid-1990s, with Turkey emerging as Georgia's key partner for imports and transit routes—bolstering Hopa's function as a gateway for Caucasian markets without quantified local GDP shares in official records.^[37] These state-orchestrated shifts underscored a pattern of directed investment in transport and agriculture to integrate peripheral districts into national economic circuits.

Demographics

Population Trends

As of December 31, 2024, the population of Hopa district in Artvin Province totals 27,806, marking an increase from 27,176 reported for the prior year according to Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) data derived from the Address Based Population Registration System.^[38]^[39] Of this figure, 13,838 are male and 13,968 female, yielding a sex ratio slightly favoring females.^[38] Hopa exhibits one of the higher population growth rates within Artvin Province, with TÜİK records indicating steady annual increments driven by registered residency changes.^[40] Urbanization in Hopa is pronounced, with 23,369 residents (84.0% of the total) residing in the district center as of 2024, compared to 4,437 in outlying towns and villages.^[39] This urban concentration reflects a broader trend of rural-to-urban migration within the district, elevating the proportion of center-based population above the Artvin provincial average of approximately 63%.^[41] Historical shifts show increasing urbanization over time, though specific pre-2000s splits are less granular in available TÜİK aggregates; the current high urban share aligns with post-1980s national patterns of accelerated district-center consolidation.^[42] Population trends in Hopa demonstrate long-term expansion from mid-20th-century levels estimated around 10,000 to the current near-28,000, with documented acceleration post-1975 including a 145.8% rise by 2015 per aggregated census-derived estimates.^[6] From 2022's approximate 23,100, the district added over 4,700 residents by 2024, incorporating net inflows and outflows characteristic of border districts, including internal migration to metropolitan areas like Istanbul and returns or settlements from adjacent rural zones in Georgia.^[43] This growth trajectory positions Hopa as Artvin's second-most populous district, underscoring its role in provincial demographic dynamics.^[44]

Ethnic and Cultural Composition

Hopa's ethnic composition reflects its location along the eastern Black Sea coast, featuring a mix of indigenous and migrant groups without official census data on ethnicity, as Turkish statistics focus on population totals and occasionally mother tongues rather than self-identified ethnicities. The predominant groups include the Laz, an indigenous Kartvelian people native to the Black Sea region, and the Hemshin, a community of Muslim Armenians originating from the Hamshen valley who migrated eastward in the 19th century following Ottoman resettlement policies amid regional conflicts.^[45] Estimates suggest Hemshins form a significant portion—potentially more than half—of the Hopa district's population when including the adjacent Kemalpaşa sub-district, based on linguistic and community surveys, though intermarriage and assimilation have blurred boundaries with Turkish-identifying residents.^[46] Linguistically, Turkish serves as the dominant language, with Lazuri (a Kartvelian tongue related to Georgian) spoken by Laz communities and Homshetsma (a Western Armenian dialect) persisting among Hemshins, particularly in rural areas, despite pressures from national language policies favoring Turkish.^[47] Georgian linguistic influences appear near the border, reflecting cross-border ties, but no formal data quantifies these beyond anecdotal reports from local studies. The Turkish population, often descendants of 19th- and 20th-century settlers from central Anatolia, integrates with these groups, contributing to a hybrid cultural fabric marked by shared Sunni Islamic practices rather than ethnic silos.^[48] Religiously, the district exhibits homogeneity, with over 99% of residents adhering to Sunni Islam, as indicated by regional demographic patterns and the absence of registered non-Muslim communities in official records; this uniformity stems from historical conversions and migrations that aligned local groups under Ottoman Islamic administration.^[24] Cultural expressions, such as Laz folk traditions and Hemshin culinary customs, coexist within this framework, though globalization and urbanization have promoted Turkish national identity over distinct ethnic markers.^[25]

Economy

Agricultural Sector

The agricultural sector in Hopa primarily revolves around tea cultivation, which was introduced in the 1940s as part of Turkey's state-led efforts to diversify cropping in the humid Black Sea region and reduce dependence on imports. Tea bushes thrive on the district's sloped terrains, benefiting from abundant rainfall and mild temperatures, with local processing supported by three dedicated factories that handle fresh leaf intake for drying and fermentation into black tea.^[27] These facilities contribute to the Eastern Black Sea's output, where tea dominates regional agriculture alongside hazelnuts, though exact annual processing volumes for Hopa remain tied to variable harvests influenced by weather and leaf quality.^[49] Hazelnuts represent another key crop, grown in orchards along the coastal plains and lower slopes, complementing tea in mixed farming systems that leverage the area's fertile soils.^[4] Additional produce includes kiwi fruits, corn, vegetables, and citrus varieties, cultivated on smaller scales with state subsidies aiding irrigation and pest management, though stockbreeding remains underdeveloped due to topographic constraints.^[27] These activities form the backbone of rural livelihoods, with hazelnut yields fluctuating based on regional trends, as seen in broader Black Sea production declines from factors like climate variability.^[50] Fishing supplements agriculture through Black Sea operations, with local fleets targeting pelagic species such as anchovies and whiting using small-scale artisanal methods.^[51] Annual catches in the Turkish Black Sea sector exceed 300,000 tons overall, emphasizing sustainable quotas to counter overfishing pressures and bycatch issues, though district-specific data for Hopa highlight its port's role in supporting coastal yields rather than industrial-scale hauls. Regional management focuses on stock recovery, integrating empirical monitoring to maintain viable fisheries amid environmental challenges like water balance shifts.^[52]

Trade, Port, and Border Commerce

Hopa Port, situated on the eastern Black Sea coast, has served as a vital maritime gateway since its completion in 1972, with operations privatized on June 17, 1997, granting 30-year operating rights to Park Denizcilik Ve Hopa Liman İşletmeleri A.Ş.^[53] The facility handles general cargo, including cotton imports from Central Asia, and supports ancillary services such as storage, pilotage, and liquid filling, with expanded depot capacities reaching 18,220 m² indoors and 54,000 m² outdoors post-privatization.^[53] In 2024, the port approached 1 million tons of annual cargo throughput, primarily driven by bulk commodities like coal, though volumes fluctuate with market demands, as evidenced by a 30% decline in early 2025 due to reduced coal shipments.^[54]^[55] The port's strategic proximity to the Sarp Border Gate, approximately 15 km away, enhances its role in regional transit, channeling Eastern Black Sea exports and imports toward Georgia and beyond via integrated land-sea routes.^[53] Sarp, Turkey's busiest land border crossing with Georgia, processes a substantial share of bilateral merchandise trade, which totaled over $3.23 billion in 2024, with Turkey exporting goods valued at approximately $2.78 billion to Georgia that year.^[56]^[57] This volume reflects Sarp's function as the primary conduit for non-oil trade, including Turkish manufactured goods northward and Georgian agricultural products southward, bolstered by visa-free travel regimes and the 2008 free trade agreement that liberalized exchanges post-2000s geopolitical shifts.^[58] Customs data underscore Hopa's transit significance, with Sarp facilitating over 1 million annual crossings and supporting Turkey's role as Georgia's top trading partner, accounting for nearly 14% of Georgia's total external trade in 2024.^[56]^[27] Trade imbalances favor Turkish exports, driven by vehicles, machinery, and construction materials, while imports include ferroalloys and nuts, positioning the corridor as a linchpin for Caucasus-Black Sea connectivity amid efforts to expand bilateral volumes toward $5 billion.^[59]^[60]

Industry and Other Economic Activities

Hopa's industrial sector remains limited, primarily centered on the processing of agricultural products, with three tea factories operating in the district to handle the withering, rolling, fermentation, and drying of locally harvested leaves.^[27] These facilities support the transformation of raw tea into black tea, contributing to value addition in the local economy alongside similar operations in neighboring areas like Rize.^[61] A single flour mill processes grains such as corn and wheat, reflecting small-scale food processing tied to regional cultivation of corn, hazelnuts, and other staples.^[27] Other non-agricultural activities include energy production via a thermal power plant managed by the Turkish Electricity Transmission Corporation (TEİAŞ), which generates electricity from local resources, and storage facilities operated by entities like KBİAŞ and POAŞ for logistics support.^[27] Artvin Province, encompassing Hopa, ranks low in industrial enterprise density compared to other Black Sea provinces, with manufacturing focused on agro-processing rather than heavy industry.^[41] These sectors provide modest employment opportunities, aiding economic diversification amid reliance on agriculture and trade. In services, tourism emerges as a growing component, leveraging Hopa's natural assets such as the Kaçkar Mountains for mountaineering, the Çoruh River for rafting and canoeing, and coastal areas for bird watching from March to November.^[4] Rural tourism potential, including vernacular architecture and agricultural landscapes, positions the district as an alternative to mass seaside resorts, though development remains constrained by infrastructure and promotion challenges.^[62] Local cuisine and cultural activities further attract visitors, supplementing income in a region marked by youth out-migration for employment elsewhere.^[4]

Government and Politics

Administrative Structure

Hopa operates as a district municipality (ilçe belediyesi) within Artvin Province, subject to the provisions of Turkey's Municipal Law No. 5393, which delineates the roles of the elected mayor and municipal council in local governance. The mayor serves as the executive head, overseeing daily operations, while the council, comprising elected members, approves budgets, bylaws, and development plans. The district governor (kaymakam), appointed by the central government, handles administrative coordination with provincial authorities but does not direct municipal affairs. The current mayor is Dr. Utku Cihan, a urban planner by training, elected in 2019 and affiliated with the opposition Republican People's Party (CHP).^[63] The municipal council consists of 19 members, elected proportionally based on party representation in local elections. Administratively, Hopa is subdivided into 9 neighborhoods (mahalleler), such as Cumhuriyet Mahallesi, Merkez Kuledibi Mahallesi, and Sundura Mahallesi, and 29 villages (köyler), including Balık Köyü, Başköy Köyü, and Çavuşlu Köyü, with one belde (township) incorporated.^[64] ^[65] Each subdivision has elected muhtars (village heads) who liaise with the municipality on local issues.^[66] The municipality's budget, managed annually by the council, draws from central government allocations via the Ministry of Interior, local property taxes, water and sewage fees, and other revenues, totaling approximately 150 million Turkish lira in recent fiscal years. Core responsibilities encompass urban planning, waste management, road maintenance, and public sanitation, executed through departments like public works and environmental services, in compliance with national statutes.

Political Landscape and Elections

Hopa's political landscape reflects a historical tilt toward the Republican People's Party (CHP), rooted in the left-leaning orientations common in certain Black Sea coastal districts, where secular and social democratic appeals have long resonated with voters engaged in trade and agriculture. This CHP stronghold faced challenges from the Justice and Development Party (AKP) starting in the early 2000s, as the latter advanced platforms centered on infrastructure expansion, economic growth, and regional development to attract support in underdeveloped areas.^[67]^[68] Local elections underscore CHP's enduring dominance in municipal governance. In the 2019 municipal election, CHP candidate Taner Ekmekçi was elected mayor, securing the position amid high turnout of 86.40% across 14,526 votes cast from 16,812 registered voters.^[69]^[70] The 2024 local elections on March 31 further affirmed this pattern, with CHP's Utku Cihan winning the mayoralty on 7,155 votes (55.67% of valid votes), outpacing the AKP's 5,259 votes (40.91%), alongside a turnout of 79.78% from 13,292 votes cast out of 16,659 registered voters; minor parties like Yeniden Refah garnered just 1.37%.^[71]^[72] Voter preferences in Hopa prioritize pragmatic policies supporting border commerce with Georgia, evident in electoral outcomes favoring candidates who emphasize trade facilitation and economic stability over ideological purity, as local economies depend heavily on cross-border activities that benefit from consistent governance rather than national partisan swings.^[72]

Major Political Events and Controversies

On May 31, 2011, protests erupted in Hopa against a visit by then-Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, organized by anti-AKP demonstrators opposing government policies. Police responded with tear gas, pepper spray, and water cannons, leading to clashes that resulted in the death of 54-year-old retired teacher Metin Lokumcu from a heart attack attributed to exposure to the chemicals and physical blows. ^[73] ^[74] Subsequent arrests targeted protesters, including students and activists, with trials for alleged involvement in unauthorized demonstrations; a related police trial for Lokumcu's death began in 2021, focusing on excessive force claims, though outcomes emphasized the protester's pre-existing health conditions alongside gas exposure. ^[75] ^[76] In September 2024, tensions over environmental concerns culminated in violence during a protest against forest clearing for a government-backed picnic and recreation area in the Cankurtaran region near Hopa. Contractor Muhammet Ustabaş, who had secured the tender, opened fire on villagers opposing the project, killing 55-year-old Reşit Kibar and wounding two others, Ersan Koyuncu and Gökhan Koyuncu. ^[77] ^[78] Thousands subsequently protested in Hopa demanding justice, with investigations probing both the shooter's actions—described by locals as unprovoked—and claims of crowd aggression toward the contractor's equipment; no convictions were reported by late 2024, amid broader debates on state-backed development versus local land rights. ^[79] In October 2025, Hopa Mayor Utku Cihan, elected in the March 2024 local elections as a CHP affiliate, testified as a suspect in an Istanbul corruption probe targeting the opposition-run Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM) and links to a corrupt tycoon. The inquiry examined alleged financial irregularities in municipal contracts and procurement, summoning over 200 individuals, with Cihan's involvement highlighting potential ties between local opposition figures and broader opposition networks. ^[80] ^[81] Authorities framed the probe as exposing graft in opposition-held areas, while critics, including CHP supporters, viewed it as politically motivated amid national crackdowns on the party. ^[82]

Society and Culture

Local Traditions and Lifestyle

The Laz people, who form a significant part of Hopa's ethnic composition in Turkey's Black Sea region, maintain cultural practices rooted in their Kartvelian heritage, including traditional Horon dances characterized by energetic group formations and colorful attire.^[83] These dances often accompany polyphonic singing, a style preserved in nearby Artvin areas through choirs performing folk songs with layered harmonies influenced by Georgian traditions.^[84] Family-oriented hospitality remains a core social norm, with locals emphasizing communal gatherings that reflect broader Black Sea customs of offering tea and shared meals to guests as a sign of respect and reciprocity.^[85] Annual events like the Laz Festival in Hopa highlight these traditions through performances of music, dance, and sampling of regional dishes, fostering community ties without formal participation metrics publicly documented.^[86] Tea-harvest activities, tied to the region's agriculture peaking in May, July, and September, involve communal labor in plantations, though dedicated festivals are more prominent in adjacent Rize rather than Hopa itself.^[87] Border proximity influences informal gatherings at markets, where cross-cultural exchanges with Georgian traders occur during peak trade periods, blending everyday commerce with social interactions.^[88] Daily lifestyle centers on seasonal agriculture, with dietary staples including muhlama—a melted cheese dish prepared with corn flour—and hazelnut-based products like pastes and desserts, sourced from local harvests that support household self-sufficiency. ^[89] Religious holidays, primarily Islamic observances such as Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, structure community life with family feasts and mosque visits, aligning with national practices observed nationwide in Turkey.^[90] These events reinforce social norms of extended family involvement, though specific Hopa attendance data remains unreported in available records.

Notable Individuals

Kâzım Koyuncu (November 7, 1971 – June 25, 2005) was a Turkish singer-songwriter and activist of Laz ethnicity born in the Hopa district of Artvin Province. He gained prominence for blending traditional Black Sea folk music with rock elements, recording in Laz, Turkish, and other regional languages to preserve and revive Laz cultural heritage. Koyuncu's work, including albums like Viya Elviye (1995) and İsyan Etmek (2004), addressed environmental and ethnic identity issues in the Black Sea region, earning him a dedicated following before his death from lung cancer at age 33.^[91]^[92] Turgay Ciner, born March 1, 1956, in Hopa, is a Turkish businessman and founder of the Ciner Group, a conglomerate active in mining, energy, soda ash production, glass manufacturing, shipping, and media. Starting with modest ventures, Ciner expanded the group into international operations, including boron mining in Turkey and investments in the United States and Europe, with the company employing thousands and contributing to Turkey's industrial output in natural resources. His media holdings include ownership of Show TV, acquired in 2013.^[93] Cemil Aksu, born January 29, 1977, in Hopa to a Hemshin family, is a Turkish politician, writer, and activist affiliated with the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP). He has served as HDP's district chair in Hopa and contributed to cultural publications on Hemshin identity, while facing legal actions in 2017 for social media posts deemed to support prohibited organizations, leading to temporary imprisonment alongside his wife. Aksu continues advocacy for local environmental and minority rights issues in the Black Sea region.^[94]^[95]

Infrastructure and Transportation

Port and Maritime Facilities

Hopa Port, situated on Turkey's eastern Black Sea coast approximately 15 km west of the Sarp Border Gate connecting to Georgia, primarily handles dry bulk, liquid bulk, general cargo, and container operations.^[53]^[96] The facility supports loading and unloading of regional exports, including agricultural products and minerals from northeastern Turkey and transit goods from Central Asia via land routes.^[53]^[97] Privatized on June 17, 1997, to Park Denizcilik Ve Hopa Liman İşletmeleri A.Ş. for a 30-year operating lease, the port has undergone infrastructure upgrades under private management, notably expanding the indoor depot from 2,000 m² to 18,220 m² and maintaining an outdoor storage area of 54,000 m² to boost handling efficiency.^[53]^[35] These enhancements have supported steady operations without reported major disruptions from accidents, though sediment analyses indicate elevated levels of heavy metals such as copper (149.3 µg/g), lead (94.7 µg/g), and arsenic (23.2 µg/g), attributed to port activities and runoff.^[98] With an annual capacity of approximately 1.4 million tons, the port plays a niche role in Black Sea maritime logistics, facilitating connectivity for landlocked Central Asian trade routes rather than serving as a primary energy transit hub, despite proximity to regional pipelines like those supporting natural gas flows to Georgia.^[99]^[53] No significant environmental incidents or operational accidents specific to port infrastructure have been documented in recent records.^[100]

Road and Border Connectivity

Hopa's road connectivity centers on the D.010 state road, designated as the Black Sea Coastal Highway, which serves as a divided dual-carriageway linking the district to western Black Sea ports like Trabzon and Samsun, while extending eastward to the Sarp border gate approximately 18 kilometers away.^[101] This route forms a critical segment of the European route E70, an international A-class corridor traversing from western Europe to Georgia's Black Sea coast, enabling seamless overland freight and passenger flows toward the Caucasus and Central Asia.^[102] The highway supports efficient commerce by accommodating heavy truck traffic for exports such as tea, hazelnuts, and minerals from Artvin province, with ongoing investments prioritizing widening and signaling enhancements to sustain annual volumes exceeding 800,000 vehicles.^[103] The Sarp-Sarpi border crossing, Turkey's primary land gateway to Georgia, handles substantial bidirectional traffic, recording over 8.6 million crossings in 2023, ranking it as the nation's third-busiest land border by volume.^[104] Upgrades to the Hopa-Sarp highway segment and gate facilities, including layout optimizations for faster processing, have historically reduced average transit times for passenger vehicles and buses to under 30 minutes during off-peak hours, though truck queues can extend due to customs inspections.^[105] Local dolmuş minibuses and intercity coaches from Hopa ferry thousands daily to the gate, supporting tourism and trade links to Batumi, while private vehicles dominate commuter flows for cross-border commerce workers in agriculture and logistics.^[8] Seasonal congestion peaks in summer from heightened tourism and harvest-related trucking, with reports of up to 2,000 trucks queuing on the Turkish side, exacerbating delays amid procedural bottlenecks.^[106] Recent Georgian procedural revisions in late 2024 introduced multi-day backlogs at Sarp, prompting Turkish calls for bilateral digitalization to streamline declarations and alleviate commercial disruptions.^[104] Infrastructure investments, including border equipment modernization under Turkey's transnational corridor initiatives, aim to boost capacity for E70 freight, targeting reduced dwell times through automated systems despite persistent volume pressures.^[107]

Urban Development Initiatives

In late 2024, the Hopa Municipality launched the "Bir Kıyı Yerleşimi Bağlamında Hopa İlçesi Kent Merkezi Fikir Projesi Yarışması," an ideas competition focused on revitalizing the district's city center within municipal boundaries, particularly the coastal zone at a 1/1000 scale. The initiative emphasized designs that integrate urban spaces with natural coastal features, promoting sustainability through enhanced public access to the shoreline, green infrastructure, and context-specific adaptations to Hopa's topography and climate. Submissions closed on January 27, 2025, at 17:00, with the competition organized to solicit architecturally innovative proposals from professionals.^[108]^[109] Results were announced in early 2025, awarding prizes to projects that balanced urban functionality with environmental preservation, such as those proposing layered public realms tied to cultural heritage and ecological corridors. For instance, one equivalent prize went to a design highlighting dynamic connectivity between sea and land, while a purchase award recognized teams advancing nature-integrated planning. These outcomes reflect municipal efforts to incorporate local stakeholder input, including economic ties to the port, into forward-looking urban frameworks without overriding site-specific constraints.^[110]^[111] Parallel to these efforts, Hopa's port facilities have fueled commercial and residential expansion, with infrastructure upgrades expanding closed storage from 2,000 m² to 18,120 m² and supporting increased vessel traffic—127 ships in 2024 alone. This economic momentum, driven by trade with Georgia via the nearby Sarp Border Gate, has elevated land and housing values in the district, positioning Hopa as a hub for logistics-linked development.^[112]^[113]^[114]

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[11]
[PDF] Meteorological analysis of flash floods in Artvin (NE Turkey) on 24 ...
According to the re- sults, mean annual precipitation (MAP) varies from 438 mm in the south (Bayburt) to 2243 mm in the north (Hopa). This high spatial ...
[12]
Hopa Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Turkey)
Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 38°F to 79°F and is rarely below 30°F or above 84°F.Missing: Köppen classification
[13]
Surrounded by mines and plants, people of Artvin continue their ...
Dec 25, 2024 · According to TEMA's 2021 report, 47% of Artvin's agricultural land and 54% of its pastures have been marked as mining license areas. After ...Missing: Turkey impact
[14]
[PDF] Trace Elements in the Soil-Plant Systems of Copper Mine Areas-A ...
Chemical and mineralogical changes of waste and tailings from the Murgul. Cu deposit (Artvin, NE Turkey): implications for occurrence of acid mine drainage.
[15]
Colchis | History & Stories - Britannica
Oct 11, 2025 · Colchis was an ancient region at the eastern Black Sea, in modern Georgia, known in Greek mythology and later a buffer state between empires.
[16]
COLCHIS - Encyclopaedia Iranica
COLCHIS, ancient Greek name of the region at the eastern end of the Black Sea and south of the Caucasus mountains, corresponding to the Georgian provinces of ...
[17]
THE GOLDEN KINGDOM OF COLCHIS
The center of ancient Colchis was in the Chorokhi Valley (the main part of the Chorokhi River is located on what is now the territory of modern Turkey).<|separator|>
[18]
[PDF] 1 LAZ, a people of South Caucasian stock (Iberic, “Georgian”) now ...
The ancient port of Hopa, which is the end of the line for passenger and mail steamers from Istanbul, has been equipped with a modern harbour which includes two ...<|separator|>
[19]
(PDF) The crucial episode of Lazic War (541-562) – Petra's third ...
Mar 31, 2024 · Hopa is strategically unreasonable for the Byzantines. In relation to the city of Hopa, it should also be noted that. it is unclear where the ...
[20]
Laz | Encyclopedia.com
Lazica remained a client state of the Byzantines from 522 until the arrival of the Arabs in the seventh century. In the 790s the Abkhazians ousted the Laz from ...
[21]
[PDF] Pro Georgia vol. 26 new Paprocki.indd - Index Copernicus
Among architectural monuments located close to Georgian border Hopa and. Arhavi forts are significant. Both of them, most probably, are constructed by locals in ...
[22]
Byzantine-Seljuk Wars | Research Starters - EBSCO
The Byzantine-Seljuk Wars were a series of military conflicts between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Turks, primarily occurring from the mid-11th century ...
[23]
Farout Turkey, Hopa
Hopa. Farout Turkey, Hopa. Farout Turkey, Hopa. Hopa. Hopa Map. Hopa is ... Ottoman Empire during Sultan Selim I campaign against the Crimea in 1490-1512.Missing: history - | Show results with:history -
[24]
The Hopa-Hamshens: Social and Political Life
Apr 14, 2012 · After the area was brought under Ottoman control, the local Hopa landowners were banished and replaced by Turkish settlers. Turkish state ...
[25]
[PDF] hopa hemsinlis: history, language and identity - CORE
This thesis aims at studying with the Homşetsnak/Hemşince speaking Hopa. Hemşinlis with a focus on their history, language, culture, and ethnic identity ...
[26]
Who are the Laz? - Pontos World
During the Ottoman period, Lazistan became its own distinctive area (sanjak) under the administration of a Governor who governed from the town of Rizaion (Rize) ...
[27]
HOPA TRADE AND INDUSTRY CHAMBER > HOPA
Hopa is the county of which population increase is the highest one amount the whole province by 5.43 % (in accordance with 1990 – 2000).Missing: facts | Show results with:facts
[28]
[PDF] Ottoman Population Records and the Census of 1881/82–1893 - Teyit
Migrants going from the countryside to urban centers or fleeing from areas hostile to Islam have always exerted a crucial influence upon the social and ...
[29]
Hemshin from Islamicization to the End of the Nineteenth Century
... Hemshin moved to Hopa, the migration took place during the second half of the seventeenth century. The same approximate date is given by Minas Gasapian.173 ...
[30]
[PDF] History and Identity among the Hemshin
port of the European idea of nation to the Ottoman Empire meant be- longing ... the Hopa-Hemshinli. However, it is more the continued use of. Homshetsma ...
[31]
17. Republic of Turkey (1923-present) - University of Central Arkansas
Crisis Phase (October 23, 1923-November 11, 1938): The National Assembly formally proclaimed the Turkish Republic on October 23, 1923, and Kemal Pasha ...
[32]
[PDF] Tea (Camellia sinensis) Cultivation and Breeding in Turkey
Jul 30, 2019 · The company developed tea clones and dis tributed to local farmers. But, after the 1950s multiplication of tea with seeds arised in Turkey.Missing: boom incentives
[33]
(PDF) Tea Farming Industry in Turkey and Social Economic History ...
This study aims to present the economic and social history of the tea farming industry in Turkey between 1920-1960.Missing: boom Hopa
[34]
[PDF] TEA SECTOR REPORT - TeaWay
Tea is an industrial plant grown in Turkey, starting from the Sarp village of Hopa District of ... of tea leaves grown in Turkey were given to the state monopoly.
[35]
[PDF] 1-6 kopya - HOPAPORT
Continuing its operations under Türkiye Denizcilik İşletmeleri A.Ş. Hopa Port Authority Directorate, HopaPort was privatized on the date of June 17, 1997 ...
[36]
Transport Sectors in Turkey - Oxford Academic
The ports of Hopa, Giresun, Ordu, Rize, Sinop, and Tekirdag were originally owned by the TDI and privatized in 1997. The port of Antalya was privatized in 1998, ...
[37]
[PDF] ENG - Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies
It helped the trade between the two nations that was substantial already in early 1990s and in 1995 Turkey became a major trade partner of Georgia with around ...
[38]
HOPA NÜFUSU, ARTVİN
ARTVİN ili HOPA ilçesinin 2024 ilçe toplam nüfusu 27806. ARTVİN ili HOPA ilçesinin ilçe toplam erkek nüfusu 13838, ARTVİN ili HOPA ilçesinin ilçe toplam kadın ...
[39]
[PDF] 2024 İl ve İlçe Yıllık nüfus artış hızı
Yıllık nüfus artış hızı. (‰). Toplam. İl ve ilçe merkezleri. Belde ve köyler. Toplam. 85.664.944. 80.007.258. 5.657.686. 3,4. Adana. 2.280.484. 2.280.484.
[40]
[PDF] PLAN RAPORU | Hopa Belediyesi
İlçenin Nüfusu: 27.176 (2024,TÜİK). İklim: Karadeniz İklimi. Hopa il genelinde nüfus artış hızı en yüksek olan ilçedir. İlçenin sosyo-ekonomik yapısı, konumu ...
[41]
Regions >Artvin | doka.org.tr
The population of Artvin, which has 8 districts, is 166,143 according to the 2017 Address Based Population Registration System results.Missing: TÜİK | Show results with:TÜİK
[42]
data portal for statistics - TÜİK - Veri Portalı
Population Projections 13 ; Population Censuses 143 ; Address Based Population Registration System 54 ; Vital Statistics 126 ; Migration ...Missing: Hopa Artvin historical
[43]
in Hopa (Artvin) - Turkey - City Population
Hopa, Hopa, 17,018 ; Hopa. 23,108 Population [2022] – Estimate. 2.0% Annual Population Change [2017 → 2022].Missing: TÜİK historical data
[44]
Bölgemiz >Artvin | doka.org.tr - Doğu Karadeniz Kalkınma Ajansı
Merkez (36.071), Hopa (27.806), Borçka (22.288), Arhavi (21.821). İklim ... 9 ilçeye sahip olan Artvin'in 2024 yılı TÜİK verilerine göre nüfusu 169.280'dir.<|control11|><|separator|>
[45]
https://brill.com/view/journals/ic/11/1/article-p160_14.pdf
[46]
The Armenian-Speaking Muslims of Hamshen: Who are they?
Mar 7, 2012 · Hamshens constitute more than half the 37,000 population of the Hopa district, including the sub-district of Kemalpaşa. Hopa-Hamshens and ...
[47]
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/13670069251324123
[48]
Lost words: The struggle to save Turkey's disappearing languages
Mar 19, 2019 · Here in the hills of Hopa, the traditional language spoken by the people is Homshetsi. It is one of many endangered languages in the country ...
[49]
[PDF] Final Report
monoculture in agriculture. Tea and hazelnuts dominate agriculture in the region. The production of these two dominant crops in the region does not require much.
[50]
A Serious Decline in Turkey's Hazelnut Harvest - Tridge
Jul 21, 2025 · According to the studies, the hazelnut crop in Ordu province decreased by approximately 70% compared to last year, dropping to 64,149 tons. It ...Missing: Hopa fishing
[51]
The Common Problem in the Black Sea Fisheries: By-catch and Its ...
Aug 7, 2025 · PDF | In this research, bycatch rates of industrial and artisanal fishing gears were determined for the Turkish Black Sea fisheries.
[52]
Black Sea - Wikipedia
The Black Sea has a positive water balance, with an annual net ... The Turkish commercial fishing fleet catches around 300,000 tons of anchovies per year.Black Sea deluge hypothesis · List of fishes of the Black Sea · Black Sea Fleet
[53]
a reconstruction of Turkey's marine fisheries catches (1950-2010)
Aug 6, 2025 · The total reconstructed catch for the 1950-2010 time period (inclusive of the reported data) is approximately 30 million t, or 63% more than the ...
[54]
Description and History - HOPAPORT
HopaPort is located on the eastern Black Sea border, construction started in 1963, completed in 1972, and privatized in 1997. It is considered the gate of the ...Missing: annual Cengiz Holding
[55]
Turkey's Hopaport moves towards 1 million tons cargo - Ports Europe
Oct 18, 2024 · Hopaport is heading towards 1 million tons of cargo in 2024, and could be looking at increasing this to 5 million tons in the years ahead.
[56]
Hopaport - Ports Europe
Hopa port cargo drops 30% as coal shipments decline sharply. Hopa, Turkey (Ports Europe) September 26, 2025 – HOPAPORT handled 305,020 tons of cargo in the ...Missing: annual | Show results with:annual
[57]
Turkey Remains a Key Economic Partner for Georgia Despite Mixed ...
Jul 16, 2025 · Turkey remains Georgia's top trading partner. In 2024, trade turnover exceeded $3.23 billion, accounting for 13.8% of Georgia's total trade.
[58]
Georgia Imports from Turkey - 2025 Data 2026 Forecast 1996-2024 ...
Georgia Imports from Turkey was US$2.78 Billion during 2024, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade.
[59]
Economic Relations between Türkiye and Georgia
Türkiye ranks the first biggest trade partner of Georgia with a bilateral trade volume of 1.85 billion USD in 2019. Turkish contracting firms have successfully ...
[60]
Turkey (TUR) and Georgia (GEO) Trade
Oct 16, 2025 · In July 2025, Turkey exported $222M to Georgia, marking a 9.77% increase from July 2024, when trade amounted to $202M. Over the past 5 years, ...
[61]
Türkiye aims to lift trade volume with Georgia to $5B: Minister
Jul 17, 2025 · Trade Minister Ömer Bolat said Wednesday that Türkiye and Georgia want to achieve a $5 billion (TL 201.42 billion) bilateral trade volume, ...Missing: Sarp Gate Hopa
[62]
Processing Technology | Çay İşletmeleri
Today, approximately 202 thousand manufacturers deal with tea agriculture on a tea area of 767 thousand decares and annual wet tea product harvest may vary ...
[63]
Evaluation of Hopa's Rural Tourism Potential in the Context of ...
Hopa will be examined to demonstrate its potential on rural tourism via pointing out its natural values of green landscape, agricultural economy and vernacular ...
[64]
Başkanın Özgeçmişi - Hopa Belediyesi
DR. UTKU CİHAN ; 1980 yılında Artvin Hopa'da doğdu. Ortaöğretimin ardından 2005 yılında Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Şehir ve Bölge Planlama ...
[65]
Mahalle ve Köylerimiz - Hopa Belediyesi
CUMHURİYET MAH. MERKEZ KULEDİBİ MAH. YUKARI KULEDİBİ MAH. SUNDURA MAH. ORTAHOPA MAH. SUGÖREN MAH. BALIK KÖYÜ. BAŞKÖY KÖYÜ.
[66]
COĞRAFİ DURUMU - T.C. HOPA KAYMAKAMLIĞI
İlçemize bağlı 9 Mahalle 29 köy ve 1 Belde bulunmaktadır. HOPA İLÇESİ İDARİ YERLEŞİM BİRİMLERİ. BELDE SAYISI. KÖY SAYISI. MAH.SAYISI.
[67]
T.C. Artvin Valiliği Resmi Web Sayfası - Hopa Köy Muhtarları
MAHALLELER ; 1, MEHMET ÖZGER, Bucak Mahallesi ; 2, HURŞİT DİNDAR, Cumhuriyet Mahallesi ; 3, LÜTFÜ BALMUMCU, Merkez Kuledibi Mahallesi ; 4, EMİNE BAŞAR, Yukarı ...
[68]
Political Sociological Evaluation of Artvin and Hopa Local Elections ...
The aim of this article is to analyze the local elections results of Hopa and Artvin through a political sociological content. In the point of realizing ...
[69]
Turkey's Electoral Map Explained: Actors, Dynamics, and Future ...
Jun 4, 2024 · Although President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has a mandate to rule until 2028, the outcome of Turkey's March 31 local elections was a major ...
[70]
Eski Başkanlar - Hopa Belediyesi
2024-2029 Utku CİHAN · 2019-2024 Taner EKMEKÇİ · 2014-2019 Nedim CİHAN · 2009-2014 Turan KASIMOĞLU · 2004-2009 Yılmaz TOPALOĞLU · (1984-1989) (1994-2004) Mahir DUDAK.
[71]
Turkey Local Election - Republican People's Party Artvin Results
Mar 31, 2019 · Number of Voters : 16,812; Total Votes : 14,526; Opened Ballot Boxes : 60; Voter Turnout : 86.40%; Valid Votes : 14,054; Invalid Votes : 472.
[72]
Artvin HOPA 31 Mart 2024 Yerel Seçim Sonuçları, Oy Oranları ve ...
Apr 1, 2024 · Artvin HOPA Seçim Sonuçları sayfasında HOPA 31 Mart 2024 Yerel Seçim Sonuçları detaylı biçimde yer almaktadır. HOPA ilçesinde belediye ...
[73]
2024 Hopa Local Election Results, News - Dailysabah
Mar 31, 2024 · HOPA Total Voters 16,659; Opened Ballot Boxes 56; Votes cast 13,292; Valid Votes 12,852; Invalid Votes 440; Participation Rate 79.79%.
[74]
Trial of 13 police officers accused of killing protester in 2011 finally ...
Apr 21, 2021 · ... Erdoğan in Artvin's Hopa district on May 31, 2011, Metin Lokumcu, a 54-year-old retired teacher, had a heart attack and died in the hospital.
[75]
Massive Police Intervention against Anti-AKP Demonstrators - Bianet
Jun 1, 2011 · The police intervened against the demonstrators by the extensive use of tear gas and water cannons. Retired teacher Metin Lokumcu lost his life ...
[76]
Slain Turkish teacher's lawyers question identity of man who ...
Dec 8, 2021 · Lokumcu, a 54-year-old teacher, died during the protests against then-Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's visit to the Hopa district of the ...
[77]
Letter to Turkish Prime Minister, Mr Erdoğan, Regarding Human ...
Jun 20, 2011 · During the Hopa demonstration retired teacher Metin Lokumcu died from excessive tear gas exposure and police reportedly used excessive force in ...Missing: visit | Show results with:visit
[78]
Thousands protest in Hopa for villager Reşit Kibar after fatal shooting
Kibar was shot dead, and two others, Ersan and Gökhan Koyuncu, were injured when Muhammet Ustabaş, who had won the tender to clear the forest ...
[79]
Gun attack on villagers protesting forest demolition in Turkey leaves ...
Sep 3, 2024 · Reşit Kibar, Ersan Koyuncu and Gökhan Koyuncu were wounded during the attack. Athough they were taken to the hospital for treatment, Kibar ...Missing: shooting | Show results with:shooting
[80]
Villager killed in Artvin as protests against govn't backed tourist facility
Sep 3, 2024 · His bullets struck three people, including 55-year-old Reşit Kibar, who later died from his injuries. Local journalist Atakan Asılbay ...
[81]
https://ground.news/article/hopa-mayor-testifies-as-part-of-the-istanbul-metropolitan-municipality-investigation
[82]
https://en.haberler.com/in-the-investigation-into-corruption-related-to-19172205/
[83]
In the investigation into 'corruption' related to the Istanbul ...
Corruption investigation into IMM: More than 200 employees summoned for testimony Hopa Mayor Utku Cihan. CHAIRS OF AKFEN AND ASTAŞ HOLDINGS ...
[84]
The Laz People of the Black Sea in Turkey - Reflections Enroute
Aug 5, 2013 · They are noted for their striking blue eyes, their colorful textiles, baskets, the Horon dance and music. Not unlike the Scots they play a ...
[85]
11 Things People in Turkey's Black Sea Region Always Have to ...
In Artvin, keep an eye out for performances by the Maçahel Polyphonic Choir, a group of elderly male singers keeping traditional Georgian folk songs alive.
[86]
Turkey Traditions and Customs - Memphis Tours
Traditions and Customs of Turkey include hospitality, tea culture, festive rituals, and family values, shaping daily life and celebrations. Read More!Missing: Hopa | Show results with:Hopa
[87]
Unearth Turkey's Gem: Immerse Yourself in the Laz Community
The Laz Festival in Hopa, held annually, is a vibrant gathering where you can witness traditional music, dance performances, and sample authentic Laz cuisine.Missing: lifestyle | Show results with:lifestyle
[88]
Turkey: tea harvesting - Osservatorio Balcani e Caucaso Transeuropa
Aug 18, 2021 · In the territories bordering the Black Sea in Turkey, tea is harvested three times a year, in May, July and September. A photo-reportage.
[89]
Hopa in Artvin Province, Turkiye - Ask AI - Mindtrip
Hopa is a city in Artvin Province, Turkey, located on the eastern coast of the Black Sea. It is known for its picturesque landscapes, with lush green hills ...
[90]
Physical and nutritional properties of four major commercial Turkish ...
Aug 9, 2025 · Several physical and nutritional properties of four hazelnut varieties (Palaz, Tombul, Cakildak, and Kara, which are major commercial ...Missing: Hopa staples muhlama
[91]
Public Holidays in Turkey in 2025-2026 - Advantour
Find out about 2025-2026 public holidays in Turkey, what's open or closed, including key dates such as Ramazan Bayramı, Republic Day of Turkey, ...Missing: Hopa community
[92]
Kazım Koyuncu: Revolutionary Laz musician from Black Sea
Jun 25, 2020 · Koyuncu was born on Nov. 7, 1971, in the district of Hopa in the Black Sea province of Artvin, though his birth was only made official about a ...
[93]
Kazim Koyuncu: Pioneering Laz musician - Anadolu Ajansı
Jun 25, 2020 · Koyuncu was born on Nov. 7, 1971, in the district of Hopa in the Black Sea province of Artvin, though his birth was only made official about ...
[94]
Turgay Ciner: Age, Net Worth, Family, Career & More - Mabumbe
Feb 3, 2025 · Turgay Ciner, born on March 1, 1956, in Hopa, Artvin Province, Turkey, is a distinguished Turkish industrialist and the founder of the Ciner Group.
[95]
HDP Hopa İlçe Başkanı Yazar Cemil Aksu Tutuklandı - Bianet
Oct 26, 2017 · 19 Ekim'de eşi Nurcan Vayiç Aksu ile beraber gözaltına alınıp serbest bırakılan Aksu, savcılığın itirazı üzerine dün çıkarıldığı mahkeme ...
[96]
Hamshen Armenian Activists Nurcan Vayiç Aksu and Cemil Aksu ...
Dec 9, 2017 · HOPA, Turkey—Political activists Nurcan Vayiç Aksu and Cemil Aksu—both of Armenian origin—were released from a Turkish prison on Friday, ...
[97]
[PDF] Location Map of Turkish Ports and the Surrounding countries
Rize Port, Hopa Port qualify as major ports. The sum of international trade ... Maintenance of port facilities is vital for maintaining capacity of the facilities ...
[98]
[PDF] Final Report - Traceca
... capacity and throughput. The following table gives an insight in the throughput of Hopa port for dry bulk, liquid bulk, general cargo and containers (in ...
[99]
Comprehensive risk assessment of metals in surface sediments of ...
Results revealed significant contamination, with Hopa Port showing the highest levels of Cu (149.3 µg/g), Pb (94.7 µg/g), and As (23.2 µg/g), exceeding ...Missing: throughput | Show results with:throughput
[100]
[PDF] TRANSPORT OPERATIONAL PROGRAM
Capacity. Capacity After Extension. Total. Capacity. Hopa Port. 1,4. 1,4. Rize Port. 1,5. 1,5. Trabzon Port. 4,0. 4,0. Giresun Port. 2,5. 2,5. Ordu Port. 1,0. 1 ...
[101]
Toxic Metal Pollution and Ecological Risk Estimation in the ...
Feb 26, 2025 · The objective of this article is to determine the spatial changes occurring because of natural and anthropogenic toxic metal pollution in ...
[102]
[XLS] Sheet1 - ESCAP
K.G.M., 1, D010/E70, State Road, I, Artvin, Sarp (Border of Georgia), Hopa, 18, 0, 0, 0 ... K.G.M., 2, D010/E70, State Road, I, Artvin/Rize, Hopa, Rize, 92, 0, 0 ...
[103]
https://www.pressreader.com/turkey/turcomoney/20240201/283042649431717
[104]
https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/new-system-causes-days-long-delays-at-turkiye-georgia-border-202589
[105]
New system causes days-long delays at Türkiye-Georgia border
Nov 13, 2024 · Georgia's adoption of a revised border processing system has led to significant delays on the Turkish side, with longer processing times ...Missing: workers | Show results with:workers
[106]
[PDF] Final Report
Together with the upgrading of the Hopa-Sarp highway, the improvements to the general layout of the gate, which will also improve the operations, needs to ...
[107]
[PDF] Presentation #3 - CAREC Program
Long queue of trucks at Sarpi In summer Turkish customs estimate there are 2,000 trucks waiting at the Turkish side to cross the border into Georgia. Assuming ...
[108]
[PDF] IMPROVING TRANSNATIONAL TRANSPORT CORRIDORS IN OIC ...
With regard to the elimina on of physical barriers, over the last fifteen years, Turkey has intensified its efforts for upgrading transport infrastructure of ...
[109]
Hopa Kent Merkezi Fikir Projesi Yarışması başlıyor
Nov 22, 2024 · Son başvuru ve teslim tarihi 27 Ocak 2025, Pazartesi günü saat 17:00 olarak belirlendi. Hopa'ya Özgü Tasarım Vizyonu. Hopa, Karadeniz'in kıyı ...
[110]
Bir Kıyı Yerleşimi Bağlamında Hopa İlçesi Kent Merkezi Fikir Projesi ...
Yarışmanın yeri, Artvin ilinin kıyı ilçelerinden bir olan Hopa ilçesinin belediye sınırları içerisinde, kıyı bölgesini kapsayan, 1/1000 ölçekte sınırları ...
[111]
Eşdeğer Mansiyon, Bir Kıyı Yerleşimi Bağlamında Hopa İlçesi Kent ...
Serdar Kaya, Meltem Erdem Kaya ve Mine Çiçek'in Bir Kıyı Yerleşimi Bağlamında Hopa İlçesi Kent Merkezi Fikir Projesi Yarışması için tasarladığı ...
[112]
[PDF] Bir Kıyı yerleşimi bağlamında Hopa İlçesi Kent Merkezi Fikir Yarışması
Mar 27, 2025 · Bir Kıyı yerleşimi bağlamında Hopa İlçesi Kent Merkezi Fikir Yarışması ... Etkinlik Takvimi I 2025 hopa/kültür hopa/spor. H O P A. Profil.
[113]
HOPAPORT Faaliyet Raporunu Açıkladı - Gündem Artvin
Apr 26, 2024 · Park Denizcilik Limanı devir almasının ardından peş peşe yaptığı yatırımlar ile 2.000 m2 olan kapalı depolama sahasını 18.120 m2'ye, 54.000 m2 ...
[114]
HOPAPORT, 2024 yılında 127 gemiye ev sahipliği yaptı - Hizmetix
Jan 30, 2025 · Limanda en hareketli ay ise Aralık ayı oldu. Aralık ayında 2 proje kargo gemisine ev sahipliği yapan limana 16 gemi gelirken, toplamda 87.716 ...
[115]
Artvin'de Yatırım için En Değerli Bölgeler - Emlak Haber Merkezi
Jul 16, 2025 · Hopa'daki liman faaliyetleri ve Artvin Merkez'deki altyapı yatırımları, arsa ve konut değerlerini destekliyor. Ayrıca, Gürcistan'a olan ...